Ukwanda okusheshayo kwenqubo yokufihla i-copyrrencrening nempahla yezenombolo kuye kwaguqula isimo sezimali, kwashukumisela ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke ukuba bathuthukise izimiso zokuqondisa. Isimiso esiyinhloko esiqondisa le mizamo yile nqubo engaphambili, eqinisekisa inqubo elungile nebonisa ukuhlelwa. Inqubo idinga ukuba noma yisiphi isenzo sikahulumeni esithinta abantu noma amabhizinisi − ikakhulukazi labo abahilela amalungelo empahla noma inkululeko yezomnotho (*) balandele izinqubo ezimisiwe zomthetho, kuhlanganise nesaziso, ithuba lokuzwakala, nokwenza izinqumo ngokungakhethi. Emkhanseni we-pocryvertura preserve preservetion, inqubo efanelekile yokulinganisela isidingo sokuvikela abantu ngabanye noma ukulawula ngokulawula ngokulawula okungenangqondo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinhlelo ezihlukene zezimiso zemithetho, izinhlelo ezingokomthetho, nokuhlola izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zeze-octivession, iziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuqonda Inqubo Efanele Ekulungiseni

Inqubo efanelekile inqubo engokomthetho esekelwe ngokulunga, efuna iziphathimandla ukuba zilandele izinqubo ezimisiwe ngaphambi kokumisa imithetho noma izijeziso. Ivikela abantu namabhizinisi ezenzweni eziwumthetho. Kumthetho wokuphatha, inqubo efanele ivame ukubonakala ngokubekwa nomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho , lapho izinhlangano zisakaza khona imithetho ehlongozwayo, zicela ukufakwa komphakathi, futhi zisabela emazwini abalulekile ngaphambi kwemithetho yokugcina. Le sivikelo sezemfundo yemvelo siqinisekisa ukuthi iziqondiso azizona nje ezizwakala ngokomthetho kodwa futhi zinolwazi lwemibono ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ehlelwa engxenyeni esheshayo ehambisana nemithetho eyimfihlo.

Izisekelo Ezingokomthetho

Emazweni amaningi, inqubo efanele ibekwe emthethweni-sisekelo. Igunyaza ukuba noma yimuphi umthetho othinta amalungelo noma impahla umiswe ngenqubo elungile, kuhlanganise nesaziso, ukuzwa, nethuba lokusabela. E-United States, iSichibiyelo sesihlanu neshumi nanethi Yeziphendu siqinisekisa ukuthi akukho muntu oyophucwa ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla engenayo inqubo efanelekile yomthetho. [FFCC], lapho engenela ukwenza noma ukukhipha imithetho. EYurophu, i-Chatternsty Recurectal direct, njenge-Sivetic procerities ne-Exchange Commission (SEC) (IC) kanye ne-Commodificives Revicess (Inquisition) elungele ukuphatha, kunezinye izizathu zezimiso ze-octivestion.[3][3][5][5][5], futhi kulandela izilungiselelo ezisekwenziswayo ze-osethi ezifanele ukusekela izilungiselelo: [FFoffance:],[3], lapho kuphuma izisekelome:[3

Ithonya Lokuphinda Kuvuselelwe

Ukusebenzisa inqubo ehambelana nomthetho wokufihla inqubo kunezinzuzo nezinselele. Iqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ayiyona eyentandokazi, ikhuthaza ukwethembana phakathi kwabasebenzisi nabanikazi bezimali. Nokho, isimo esisheshayo sempahla yezobuchwepheshe ngokuvamile singqubuzana nezinqubo ezingokwesiko ezingokomthetho, ezingathatha ijubane futhi zidideke. Ithonya lenqubo efanele lingabonakala phakathi kwezilinganiso eziningana: ukubekwa kwemithetho, ukugcinwa kwemithetho, nokufakwa kwemithetho, nokufakwa kwemisebe noma izinqubo zokubhalisa.

Ukubusa Nokuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Inqubo elindelekile idinga ukuba izinhlangano eziqondisayo zinikeze amathuba abalulekile okufaka umphakathi ngaphambi kokwamukela imithetho ebotshelelweyo. Kuwo wonke ama-atmone, lokhu kuye kwaholela ezinkathini zokuhlola kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho ohlongozwayo] wokuvikela izinto ze-amanani [ wahlanganisa inkathi yokwaziswa okungama-60, lapho abafaki-mathikithi, amafemu omthetho, namaqembu awezempatho adluliselwe amakhulu ezimpendulo. Ngokufanayo, i-European Secturarities ne-Arketments Authority (EMMA) zaqhuba khona ukuxoxa okuphicophelela komphakathi phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwamasheya eCryptopto-Aset Regioutection (MA), ivumela abaphethe izitejinga zezentenali yezekethi.

Ukuphoqelela Izenzo Nenqubo Efanele

Uma abaqondisi beletha izenzo zokuphoqelela ngokumelene namabhizinisi noma abantu ngabanye, inqubo efanele idinga ukuba bathole isaziso esicacile ngokuphulwa kwemithetho, ukuzwa kahle phambi komenzi wesinqumo ongakhethi, nelungelo lokunikeza ubufakazi ne-apistamine. Ukuphoqelela kokusebenza kokulwa namafemu anjenge-Ripple Labs noma i-Coinbase kuqokomisa ukuxabana phakathi kwenqubo efanele kanye nendlela yenhlangano yokuhlela amanani. . I-Rible Labs icala, inkantolo ihlola ukuthi i-SEC yazisa ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwe-XRP kunezingamendezimo ezithengisi. Isinqumo sagcizelela ukuthi inqubo efanelekile yezentengiselwano efuna ukuba izikhashelo eziphethe inqubo yezekethi. I-PP igcizelela ukuthi inqubo yezenteki yezentengiselwano elawulayo ihlelwe kanjani.

Ukubhalisa Nokubhala

Izindawo eziningi zidinga ukudluliswa kwemithetho yokufihla imibandela, abagcini, nezinye izisekeli zemisebenzi yemali ukuze bathole amalayisense. Inqubo ifuna ukuba kwenziwe izinqumo ezisekelwe ezicacile, ezitholakalayo obala futhi abafaki-zicelo bathole izinqumo ezifike ngesikhathi ngezizathu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-BitLicenenses ye-New York igxekwe ngenqubo yayo engabonakali yokusebenza, iholela ekumangalelweni kwenqubo edinga ukuphulwa kwenqubo. Ngokungafani, i-Singaroroary Aguement of Singapore (MAS) yakha idumela lokusebenza kwayo okungafihliwe ngokukhanyayo ngaphansi komthetho we-Activess, ukukhipha iziqondiso nokuqhuba inqubo engokwesikhathi. Le micimbi yezenteko yezenteko yezenteko yeze yezente. Le micimbi ethinta intuthuko nenguquko ephawulekayo.

Ukuhlola Icala Ngenqubo Efanele Nokubuya Kwe - crypto

E - United States: Ukubusa Nokuphoqelelwa

I-Secrities and Exchange Commission iye yasebenzisa inqubo efanelekile ekwenzeni imithetho, idinga izinkathi zokukhulumela komphakathi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imithetho emisha emananini. Nokho, i-SEC iye yabhekana futhi nokugxekwa "ukulawula ngokusebenza" kwayo, lapho iletha khona izenzo ngokumelene nezinhlangano ngaphandle kokumisa imithetho ecacile. Ngo-2023, i-SEC ihlongoza incazelo entsha ka "umsebe" engahlanganisa inqubo ehloniphekile yezezimali (i-Di) efaka inqubo eqinile, ebangela inkathi yokukhulumela ngokufanelekile. Okwamanje, amaqembu amaningana emboni aye anxusa i-SEC ukuba aqale ukusungula umthetho ohlelo lwezimiso zezimiso zomthetho. Ukungadingi ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo efanelekile yezinkantolo zokuhlola indaba ngesisekelo, ukuxazulula ukuxazulula.

I - European Union: Amakethe e - Crypto- Assets (MiCA)

I-EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) igcizelela izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ukubonana nokuthembisana, ezihambisana nezimiso ezifanele zenqubo. I-MiCA yasungulwa ngenqubo yomthetho yeminyaka eminingi ehilela iKhomishane yaseYurophu, iPhalamende laseYurophu, ne-Council, ngokuhlola okukhulu komphakathi. Ihlanganisa amalungiselelo okugunyaza izisebenzi zenkonzo ezihleliwe, idinga amagunya afanelekayo ukukhipha izinqumo phakathi kwesikhathi esicacishiwe nokunikeza izizathu zokungasivumeli. I-MiCA iveza ilungelo lokufaka isikhalo ngokumelene nezinqumo zokulawula. Ngokuthatha inqubo yokulungisa izakhiwo, iMiCA ihlose ukudala indawo ehlangeneyo nokuvikela. Nokho, ukusungula izinhlelo zesizwe ezifanelekayo zokulungisa izimiso zezimiso zesimiso.

EJapane: Umzali Wokuqala Onemisebe Ecacile

IJapane yayingelinye lamazwe okuqala ukulawula ukulawulwa kwenqubo engokomthetho ngokuhlelwa kwe-Precious Services Act, eyamiswa ngemva kokuwa kwe-MT. Gox. Isenzo sidinga ukutshintshisana ukuze kubhaliswe ne-Financial Service Agency (FSA) futhi kuvumelane nezidingo eziqinile ze-AML/KYC. I-FSA ilandela inqubo efanele ekuhlolweni nokuqondisa, kuhlanganise nokuhlola okubhaliwe, izixwayiso, namathuba okuthi kungaphendula izijeziso ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe izijeziso. Lendlela ibongelwe ngokukhuthaza intengo ehlasikeleleni yenteko yemali eJapane, nakuba ikwenza kuvume izindleko eziphawulekayo. Inqubo efanelekile iye yahlolwa ezimweni lapho ukuncintisana kwe-FSA, kanye neziyalezo zokuqondisa ezikhona.

ISingapore: Indlela Elinganiselayo Nenqubo Enamandla Efanele

I-Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) iye yazibeka njengendawo ephambili yokulawula izinkonzo zezemishini ngaphansi koMthetho woMnyango Wobhatala. I-MAS idinga ilayisensi yezinkonzo zophawu lwezinombolo futhi iye yakhipha iziqondiso eziningi ngezimiso zokulunga, ezifaneleyo, nezifanelekile, nezindinganiso. Inqubo yokuhlola i-monetics ihlanganisa isigaba sokukhulumela komphakathi sezinguquko ze-miyalo, futhi i-MAS inikeza izizathu ezicacile zokulahla noma ukuvala. Ngokucacile, uMaS usebenzise indlela yokuhlola i-pinstech, okuvumela ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo emisha ngenkathi inakekela inqubo efanelekile yabathathiweyo. Lesibonelo siye sadunyiswa ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo futhi sadonsa izimboni eziningi ezisekelwenimeni zemisebenzi eSingapore.

IziQhingi zaseCayman naseBermuda: Gxila Ekulungeni Kwabaphathi

Izikhulu ezincane eziye zazimisa njengezindawo eziphambili ze-crypto-umhlobo, njenge-Cayman Islands ne-Bermuda, zigcizelela futhi inqubo efaneleyo emakhelini azo okuqondisa. I-Intermudatic Assetis Business Act ye-Act ka-Bread idinga izimemezelo zokubonisa ukubusa nokwehlisa umsindo, nezindinganiso zokusebenza, ne-Bremuda Monetary Aguegue Aguement (BMA) ikhipha amalayisensi ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela. I-BMA inikeza izimemo ezifaka isicelo ngesaziso esingokomthetho sokukhubazeka kanye nethuba lokulungisa ngaphambi kokuphika. Lezi zikhungo ze-procedualveracal zisiza ukuthemba abanikazi bezizwe abangase baqonde umthetho wolwandle njengenculi. Nokho, lezi zimele zilinganise nenqubo ekufuneka ukuba zihlangane ngokusheshayo ukuvela ngokushesha ezimbonini ezisebenza ngokushesha.

Izinselele Zokulandela Inqubo Efanele Ekuvuselelweni Kwezingcindezi

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo, ukusebenzisa inqubo efanele emkhathini ojikeleza ngokushesha i - crypto kubhekene nezithiyo, njengalezi:

  • Ijubane lokusungula ubuchwepheshe: Ukushaya imithetho kuthatha izinyanga noma iminyaka, kanti izimakethe ze-crypto zingashintsha ngezinsuku. Ukulinda inqubo egcwele kungavumela ukulimala kunqwabelane ngaphambi kokuba imithetho ibekwe.
  • umehluko womhlaba wonke:[ Izilinganiso zenqubo zihluka kakhulu. Kwezinye izifunda-mbuso ze-phoricity, izenzo zokuqondisa azinazinhloso futhi azinawo ukubonakala, kudala amazinga aguquguqukayo okuvikela abathathi-mkhakheni bamabhizinisi.
  • [[QULT:0] Umthetho wokuhlela ngenguquko: izimfuneko eziqinile ze-processical zinganqikaza ukungena kwezentengiselwano futhi zandise izindleko, ukusungulwa kokushayela ngempumelelo endaweni ezungezile engalawulwa kakhulu.
  • Ukungaqondakali nokwenziwa kwamagama angewona: inqubo yokuhamba idinga ukuhlukanisa amaqembu nokuwanika isaziso, kodwa intengiselwano ye-crypto iqamba amanga. Abalawuli bazama ukufeza izaziso kubabambi bezikhwama zemali abangaziwa noma izinhlangano ezizimele (DAOs).
  • Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Extratical: Uma i-SEC ilawula i-cooctrant phezu kwezindawo zangaphandle ze-crypto ngenxa yokungena komgcini mali, inqubo efanele iphakama mayelana nokulunga kwemithetho ebekweyo eqoshiwe emaqenjini ayengalindele ukulawulwa yilelogunya.
  • [ Ubunkimbinkimbi obungokobuchwepheshe: Ukuqonda izimiso ezihloniphekile, izivumelwano ezihlakaniphile, kanye namakhenika amabhuleki kudinga ulwazi olukhethekile. Abalawuli bangathembela ebufakazini obungochwepheshe, kodwa okungokobuqotho kufunwa ukuba amaqembu abeke imingcele yethuba lokuphikisa ukugomela kobuchwepheshe.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zenqubo Ezolandelana Kwezinombolo

Ukuqhubekela phambili, abalawuli kumelwe bathole izindlela zokusekela inqubo efanelekile lapho bezivumelanisa nezinselele eziyingqayizivele zempahla ye-apply. Lokhu kungahlanganisa izinqubo ezivumelana kakhulu noma ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe imithetho elungile esemhlabeni wonke. Izenzakalo eziningana ezithembisayo ziyavela:

Izimiso Zokuqondisa Izihlabathi Nezinhlelo Zokushayela

Abalawuli abaningi, kuhlanganise ne-UK Sformal Seader Authority (FCA) kanye ne-Australian Security and Investicements Commission (ASIC), manje basebenzisa izikhungo zokulawula ezivumela izimboni ukuba zihlole imikhiqizo ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphoqelela. Le bhokisi lesahlabathi lihlanganisa inqubo efanelekile njengezivumelwano ezibhaliwe, ukubika izibopho, nokuphuma. I-Sandboxkes inikeza "itheku elilondekile" lenguquko kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukuthi izigebengu zingafunda futhi zilungise imithetho esekelwe ekwazini kokwaziswa kwangempela komhlaba.

Ukubambisana Okukhulu Kwezizwe Zonke

Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Namantal Action Task Force (FATF) nenhlangano yezizwe zonke ye-SACURETION Commissions (IOSCO) zithuthukisa izindinganiso zembulunga yonke zokulawula i-crypto command. Ngokuvumelanisa amathemba afaneleyo ezimisweni ezikuyo, le mizamo inciphisa ingozi yokulawula futhi iqinisekise ukuthi abathatha impatho zezentengiselwano bathola ukwelashwa ngokufanele kungakhathaliseki indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqashelwa okubukeziwe kwe-FATF kuhlanganisa iziqondiso zendlela iziphathimandla eziziphethe okufanele ziqhube ngayo izingozi ze-AML/CFT ezifuna ukugcinwa futhi kugcinwe izimfuneko ezihambelanayo ngendlela ehambelanayo. Izimo ezinjalo zezizwe zonke zingasiza ukuqashelwa komthetho wokubuyisela, ukunciphisa isidingo sokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi.

Ukusetshenziswa Kobuchwepheshe Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ubuhle Bemvelo

Ubuchwepheshe be-btchain ngokwabo bungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa inqubo efanele. Izivumelwano ezihlakaniphile zingabika inqubo elawulayo, kanti izimiso zokuzichaza ezihloniphekile zingasiza ekuxazululeni inkinga yezaziso emaqenjini angekho mthethweni. Amanye ama-computer azama amathuluzi okulalela avumela abaqondisi ukuba bahlole ukuthengiselwana ngesikhathi sangempela kuyilapho benikeza izinqubo zokuhlola ezibonisayo. Lokhu kungazenza izenzo zokuzilawula ziqonde futhi zingathembeki kakhulu kumthetho owe-post joli.

Inqubo Eshiwoyo Efanele IDefi NeDAOs

Imithetho elandelwayo yezezimali (Denteralfe) kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele (DAOS) iveza izinselele ezikhethekile ngoba ayinakho ukukhomba okungokwesiko okungokomthetho nokwenza izinqumo. Ama-guator aqala ukwakha ama-sakhi alungelelanisiweyo. Ngokwesibonelo, iWyoming DAO LLC ivumela i-DAOs ukuba ibhalise njengezinhlangano ezingokomthetho, eziwavumela ukuba angene nama-gundane ngenqubo engokwesiko yenqubo engokwesiko. Izazi ezithile ziphikisa kakhulu nge "procedrucationalty", lapho izinga lenqubo elidingekayo ngezinga elidingekayo ngemiphumela yemithetho ethintekayo eziqekelweni. Lokhu kungavumela ukuba kungene ezimisweni ezisezimweni eziphansi zezokulalela.

Isiphetho

Inqubo efanelekile ihlala iyisisekelo somthetho osemthethweni, futhi ukusebenza kwayo ekusebenziseni i-popcypocurrencrence nempahla yamanani kudingekile futhi kuyinselele. Izibonelo ezivela e-United States, European Union, Japan, Singapore, nezindawo ezincane zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwezimiso kungenza kube nokunye lapho izimiso zokulawula ziklanywe ngokucophelela. Nokho, ijubane elingokwemvelo, ukufinyelela kwembulunga yonke, kanye nobuchwepheshe bempahla yezobuchwepheshe kudinga izinqubo ezingokwesiko. Ngokuvumelana nokubambisana kwezizwe zonke, ukubambisana, namathuluzi obuchwepheshe, abaqondisi-projekethi, bangasekela izimiso zenqubo efanelekile lapho benakekela lengxenye eshintshayo ngokunempumelelo. Inhloso eyindawo yokugcina iyindawo lapho abahilelekile ekusebenziseni ukuqiniseka, ukwazi ukuthi imithetho ebanzi, izinqumo ezibonisa ukubonakala kalula, kunengqondo, futhi kunengqondo.

" Izimfuneko zenqubo efanele aziqinile, kodwa kumelwe zilungiswe ngokwendlela ezibhekene ngayo nezithakazelo ezisengozini, izingozi zokuncishwa kwempahla okungafanelekile, kanye nesithakazelo sikahulumeni esisemgceni. Ukulinganisela lezizici emongweni womthetho we-pyrophyuperruncy izakuchaza ikusasa lenani lemali lezibalo.[