Intela yendawo imelela enye yezindlela eziqondile kakhulu izakhamuzi ezixhasa ngazo imiphakathi yazo, kodwa imiphumela yazo ibangelwa yimali esetshenziswayo yendlu ngezindlela ezingaqashelwa kakhulu. Kusukela ekukhokheni kwakho impahla ngenyanga kuya entela yokuthenga edilini lakho lokuthenga, lezi zintela zihlela izindleko zokuphila, izinga lemisebenzi yomphakathi, nezinqumo zezimali ezenziwa nsuku zonke. Ukuqonda indlela intela yendawo ebaluleke ngayo kunoma ubani ophethe indlu, ukuhlela umsebenzi wokuhamba, noma ukuzama nje ukuqonda ukuthi imali yakhe ihamba kuphi. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindleko zentela yendawo, ithonya langempela lemikhaya ephila nsuku zonke, kanye namasu ewusizo ekusebenziseni lengxenye engenakugwenywa kwezomnotho yanamuhla.

Iyini Intela Yendawo?

Intela yendawo iphoqelelwa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni ezisesigabeni esiphansi, izifunda, izifunda, amalolishi, nezifunda ezikhethekile .ukuxhasa izinkonzo nesisekelo ezingekho kuhulumeni. Ngokungafani nentela kahulumeni noma kahulumeni, intela yendawo iboshelwe emingceleni yendawo yegunya elithile, okusho ukuthi izinga nehlelo kungashintsha ngokuphawulekayo lapho uwela umugqa wedolobha noma uthuthela esifundeni esingumakhelwane. Ngokwentengo yezwe . S. i-Centber Counicare of State and State Revolumementsssssworcerces [Fold:1], iqoqa intela ehlangene isambayo imali engaphezu kuka-R1, unyaka ngamunye, imelela cishe isilinganiso senani lemali yenani elikhulu lesizwe.

Izinhlobo Zentela Yendawo

Ukuqonda izigaba eziyinhloko kusiza ekucaciseni ukuthi imali yakho ihambaphi nokuthi kungani ezinye izindleko zizizwa zinzima kunezinye.

Intela Yempahla

Intela yempahla iwumthombo owodwa omkhulu kakhulu wentela yendawo eUnited States, i-opera amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-70 ayo yonke intela yendawo kwezinye izifundazwe. Ikhokhwa ezindaweni ezikhona, izakhiwo nezindawo. Izinga lentela, ngokuvamile ichazwa njengenani eliyinani (imali yentela engu-R1,000) ebekwe ohulumeni bendawo ukuze ikhokhe izikole, amaphoyisa nesivikelo somlilo, ukugcinwa kwemigwaqo, imitapo, amapaki. Ngenxa yokuthi amanani empahla ayahlukahluka kakhulu, abanini bezindlu zasemadolobheni aphakeme kakhulu kunalawo asemiphakathini yasemaphandleni, ngisho nangenani elifanayo lamapulazi. Abahambi bazizwa benezimali ezifanayo: izintela zentela ezindlini eziqashi ezindlini eziqashiwe, ngokwengxenye yezindawo eziqashiswayo, intela eziqashiwe, kodwa izimpahla ezithengwa kakhulu.

Ukuthengisa Intela

Intela ekhokhwayo esetshenziswayo eqophelweni lokuthenga izimpahla eziningi kanye nezinkonzo ezithile. Intela yendawo yokuthengisela ikwenezelwa phezu kwentela kahulumeni, ngakho ingqikithi ingasuka ku-5% kuya ku-10% kuye ngedolobha noma isifundazwe. Ezizweni ezinjengeTennessee, iLouisiana, ne-Alabama, intela yendawo ingaphonsa inani elikhulu lemali edilisiweyo ngaphezu kweshumi%. Lentela ithinta ngokuqondile imali enjengaleyo (amazwe lapho ukudla kukhokhelwa khona intela), izingubo zobuchwepheshe, nezokudlela ngaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi intela yokuthenga ibuyiselwa kwemali eholweni yentela ehlawulwayo i-Picenease.

Intela Ekhokhwa Endaweni

Nakuba kungavamile kunentela yempahla nentela yokuthengisa, intela yeholo yendawo ikhona cishe emagunyeni angu-5 000 e-United States. Ivame ukugodlwa iholo futhi ingaba isilinganiso esiyisicaba noma isibalo sokuphothula. Amadolobha anjengeDolobha laseNew York, iPhiladelphia, iDetroit, nezindawo eziningi zomasipala e-Ohio nePennsylvania ziphonsa intela yemali yendawo. Lentela inciphisa ukukhokha intela eholweni, ithinta iholo elilahlwayo nemali edingekayo.

Imibono Ekhethekile Nabanye AbaLevi

Ukuhlola okukhethekile kukhokhelwa abanikazi bezindawo ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe ezizuzisa ngokuqondile impahla yabo, njengezindawo ezintsha zokuhamba ngezinyawo, izibani zomgwaqo, ukuxhumanisa indle, noma ukuthuthukisa ipaki. Ngokungafani nentela yempahla evamile, ukulinganisela kunezintela zempahla zesikhathi esisodwa noma zesikhathi esilinganiselwe ezisekelwe enzuzoni efunyenweyo. Ezinye izintela zendawo zihlanganisa intela yokuhlala ehotela (ezikhokhelwa izivakashi kodwa ezithinta izindleko zokungenisa izihambi), intela zezenzuzo (kugesi, igesi, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi), intela yezimoto, kanye nentela yezebhizinisi.

Indlela Izinkonzo Zomphakathi Zokukhokha Intela Zendawo

Izintela zendawo aziyona intela engekho ngokomthetho, kodwa ziyinqubo yokuxhasa imali encike ezinkonzweni amaMelika athembele kuzo nsuku zonke. Izinga nokutholakala kwalezi zinkonzo kuthinta izindleko zasekhaya ngokuqondile ngokunciphisa isidingo sezindlela zobumfihlo noma ngokuphoqelela izakhamuzi ukuba zikhokhe uma izinkonzo zomphakathi zinganele.

Imfundo K-12

Izikole zomphakathi zingumamukeli omkhulu kakhulu wentela yempahla yendawo. Ezifundazweni eziningi, amasifunda athembele ezintela zempahla zendawo ngokwezindleko zawo. Izifunda ezinezingxenye eziphambili zemali zidonsa imikhaya futhi zisekele imfuno yempahla, kodwa zidinga nentela ephakeme. Ngokuphambene, izifunda ezinempahla ephansi zingazama ukunikeza izimali ezanele, ziholele abazali ukuba bacabangele ukukhokha intela yesikole noma ukukhokhisa intela yezendabusweni yesikole. Ngokusho kwe- Intelligate yomphakathi, ngokwesilinganiso, isilinganiso semali echithwayo yezinkulungwane zezigidi zemali phakathi kwezindawo zomakhelwane, ehlolwa ngokuqondile ezinkongozweni zentela yendawo.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi

Amaphoyisa, iminyango yomlilo, izinkonzo zokwelapha eziphuthumayo, nokugcinwa kwemithetho kuxhaswe ngokuyinhloko ngentela yendawo. Izindawo ezinezimali eziqinile zokuphepha komphakathi zivame ukuba nezinga eliphansi nezikhathi zokusabela ngokushesha, ukunciphisa izindleko zezezingcingo zezakhamuzi (isibonelo, izimiso zokuphepha, imali ephakeme yomshuwalense, noma izindleko zokuthutha). Izindawo ezasetshenziswa yilezi zinkonzo zingashintshela izindleko ezakhamuzini ngezindleko eziphezulu zemali encishisiwe noma ngesidingo sezicelo zomshuwalenselo wokuzivikela.

Izakhiwo Nezokuhamba

Intela yendawo igcina imigwaqo, amabhuloho, izimpawu zezimoto, indlela, nezimiso zokuthutha zomphakathi. Imigwaqo ephethe kahle inciphisa ukuncipha nokukhandleka kwemoto futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamafutha, igcine abashayeli bangamakhulu amadola ngonyaka. Ngokuphambene, imiphakathi enezisekelo eziwohlokayo ezinamandla ezakhamuzini ezisebenzisa imali eningi ekulungiseni imoto, ekufakeni amasondo, nasekunciphiseni ngisho nokuncipha kwemoto. Ukuthutha komphakathi ngezimali zentela kuncishiswa izindleko zezindawo ezishibhile izimoto ezishiwe ngaphandle kwemoto yesibili.

Amapaki, Imitapo Yezincwadi Nezinhlelo Zomphakathi

Intela yendawo isekela amapaki omphakathi, izikhungo zokuzilibazisa, amadamu okubhukuda, imitapo, izikhungo eziphezulu, nezinhlelo zamasiko. Lezi zinkonzo zinikeza amasheya aphansi noma amahhala esikhundleni samalungu, imisebenzi yangemva kwesikole, nezokuzijabulisa. Uma kuqoqwa lezintela, imikhaya igcina imali eshiywe ngaphandle kwezinye izinto eziza kuqala.

Umphumela Oqondile Ezindlekweni Zansuku Zonke

Ngezansi kunezindleko eziyinhloko lapho intela yendawo ifeza indima evelele khona.

Izindleko Zezindlu

Intela yempahla iyizindleko eziqondile kubanikazi bezindlu kanye nezindleko ezingaqondile zabaqashi. Ezindaweni eziphezulu zentela njengaseNew Jersey, ezinesilinganiso esisebenzayo sentela yempahla yenani lenani lezindlu, ikhaya elingu-R2,50 000 lithwala intela yaminyaka yonke ecishe ibe ngu $9,000 (R1,50). Lemali ishintshela ku-R150 ngenyanga ekhokhweni lezindlu. Abadansi bakhokha lentela ekhukhweni eliphakeme, futhi izintela zezentengiselwano zilungisele intela yabo. Imikhaya, ukuthuthela ebhayisekeni eliphansi lentela ingakhulula amakhulu ama-R3750 (R1,50) inyanga ngayinye, kodwa ngokuvamile kusho ukunikela ngezindleko zezindlu, izikole eziphakeme, noma izikole zasedolobhethe.

Ukuthenga Nokudla

Njalo lapho uthenga izicathulo, udla esitolo sokudla, noma uthenga izimpahla zasekhaya, intela yokuthengisa yendawo inezela engqikithini. Emadolobheni aphakeme anezintela njengeChicago, isilinganiso sombuso esihlangene nesendawo singaphezu kwe 10,25%, okusho ukuthenga u-R3,50%. Ngonyaka, umkhaya ochitha uR1,000 ngenyanga ezinkokhisweni ezikhokhelwayo nezinkonzo ungakhokha imali eyengeziwe engu-R3 500 entela yentela yendawo uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhaya endaweni ephansi njenge Coloradoradoy Spylands (enezinga ezicishe zibe ngu-R110,25). Lokhu kwenze umehluko unciphise ngokuqondile amandla okukhokha imali akhokhelwayo.

Ukuhamba Nokuhlala Kwama - Vehicle

Intela yendawo ithinta izindleko zokuthutha ngezindlela eziningi. Intela yezentengo (ngokuvamile ekhokhwa emalini kazwelonke nasezindaweni zendawo) yandisa intengo ngelitha ngalinye. Intela yempahla noma intela yokubhalisa, ekhokhwa minyaka yonke kwezinye izindawo, yenezela emalini yokuthenga imoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intela yokuthenga imoto entsha noma esetshenziswayo inezela izinkulungwane zamaRandi ekuthengiseni. Ukuthengwa kwentela yomphakathi kunganciphisa lezindleko, kodwa izakhamuzi kuphela ezisebenzisa le nkonzo.

Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo Nomshuwalense

Nakuba intela yendawo ingenayo izindleko eziqondile, ithonya lokunakekela impilo esibhedlela ngentela yasesibhedlela (esetshenziselwa ukukhokha izibhedlela zomphakathi) nangokukhokha intela yempahla esekela iminyango yezempilo. Izindawo ezinezimiso zezempilo zomphakathi ezingahlelekile zingabona izindleko eziphakeme zomshuwalense womuntu siqu noma ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kokunakekela okubizayo kwegumbi lokunakekela abaphuthumayo. Intela yezindawo futhi ikhokhela ukudubula nokukhokhela intela yemishuwalense, okungathinta izintela zabanikazi bemishuwalense ezingcono eziholela ekuncipheni kwe-ISO (Ihhovisi Lezinkonzo Zomphakathi) futhi incishiswe kakhulu.

Izizinda Ezihlukahlukene Zentela Yendawo

Imikhaya emibili ethola iholo elifanayo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe ingaba nemithwalo yentela ehluke kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho, iholo elihlukene elilahlwayo.

Izikhungo Zamadolobha Eziphakeme-kakhulu

Amadolobha amakhulu anjenge-New York, i-San Francisco, i-Chicago, ne-Los Angeles ahlanganisa izintela eziphakeme zempahla, intela ephakeme, futhi ngokuvamile intela yendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhamuzi zaseNew York City zikhokha intela yeholo efinyelela ku-3,876% ngentela kahulumeni. Izintela zezindawo nazo ziyakhushulelwa. Lokhu kubangela izindleko zokuphila eziphakeme eziphoqelela amakhaya ukuba athenge ingxenye enkulu yemali edonswayo ukuze akhokhe izintela, kuncishiswe imali elondoloziwe kanye nemali ekhokhwanywayo.

Izindawo Zasemaphandleni Nezindawo Eziphansi Ezingasemaphandleni

Izindawo zasemaphandleni kanye nomasipala abancane kakhulu zigcina intela iphansi ukuze zikhange izakhamuzi namabhizinisi. Ngokwesibonelo, izingxenye zeTexas azinayo intela yendawo nentela yempahla engaphansi kwenani elingu 1,5%. Izintela zokuthengwa ezithengwa emaphandleni nazo zingaba ziphansi. Nokho, intela ephansi kakhulu isho izinkonzo zomphakathi ezisiza umphakathi cishe izikhathi eziphuthumayo, ukunakekelwa okuvamile kwemigwaqo, kanye nezindawo zokuzijabulisa eziphansi. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zilinganisele ukuhweba phakathi kwentela ephansi nezinga lenkonzo.

Izindawo Ezikhululekile Intela Nezifunda Ezikhethekile

Ezinye izindawo zenza izikhungo ezikhethekile zentela noma amabhizinisi ezikhokhela intela yesikhashana ukuze kuthuthukiswe noma kusungulwe umsebenzi.

Intela Yasendaweni Ecashile Neyiyi - nicque

Ngaphandle kwezigaba ezinkulu, izintela zendawo eziningi ezingabonakala zithinta ngokuthula imali esetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

  • Intela yezemali: Amadolobha amaningi e-levy intela kugesi wakho, igesi yemvelo, amanzi, noma i-parter (ngokuvamile ipesenti eliyisicaba elifakwe emazwini anyanga zonke. Lokhu kunyusa izindleko zokugcina ikhaya lakho likhanyisiwe, lifudumele, futhi ligijima.
  • Intela yokuhlala: Ikhokhwa ngokuyinhloko abahambi, lentela (ngokuvamile 3-8% yesilinganiso segumbi) yandisa izindleko zezokuvakasha zendawo, okuthi nakho kuthinte amabhizinisi nezisebenzi zendawo.
  • [ Intela ye-Alcohol nogwayi okhipha ugwayi: Ngezinye izikhathi ohulumeni bendawo banezela intela yabo siqu engaphambili emikhiqizoni yotshwala, ugwayi, noma i-cannabis, ukukhuphula amanani ngokuphawulekayo.
  • Izintela zokuqasha ezithatha isikhathi: Ekusabeleni ekukhuleni kwe-Airbnb ne-VRBO, amadolobha amaningi manje akhokhela izintela zesikhashana, ezingandisa izindleko zezakhamuzi eziqasha amagumbi noma amakhaya ngezikhathi ezithile.
  • [ Ukuphambana nenani: Izindleko zokupaka zendawo, ukuminyana, kanye nemigwaqo ekhokhiwe ziyimali yomsebenzisi esebenza ngokuphumelelayo njengentela, enezela ezindlekweni zokuthutha.

Lentela efihliwe ngokuvamile incane kakhulu kodwa iyonke ihlanganisa. Ikhaya lingase likhokhe imali engaphezulu engu - R250-200 ngonyaka ezintelani eziwusizo kuphela, kanye nentela engamakhulu amaningana ezimalini zokupaka izimoto, izikhokhelo zokubhalisa izimoto, kanye nezintela zokuzikhokhela.

Ukuphulwa Kwentela Nokudelelwa Kwezakhamuzi

Intela yendawo ayikho nakunye okungasetshenziswa emakhaya.

  • Izikhucululwa zasekhaya: Izifunda eziningi zivumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuba bakhululeke ingxenye yenani lezindlu zabo ezintelani zempahla, behlise intela ekhokhelwayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuhloselwe ukukhokha ezindlini eziyinhloko ukuze kusizwe abanikazi bezindlu v. abanikazi bezindlu.
  • [ isakhamuzi esikhululekile nokukhubazeka: Izifemu (ngokujwayelekile ezingaphezu kuka-65) nezakhamuzi ezikhubazekile zingafanelekela izindleko zentela yempahla ezincishisiwe noma iqhwa elincishisiwe ngesilinganiso senani landa.
  • Ikhulula intela ngezidingo: Ezinye izifundazwe zikhulula ukudla, imilaliso kadokotela, nezingubo zentela yokuthengisa, nakuba izifunda zendawo zingase zikhokhele lezizinto kwezinye izimo.
  • Izikweleti zentela ezikhokhwayo: Amadolobha ambalwa anikeza izikweleti zentela ezikhokhelwayo ezikhokhelwayo noma izikweleti zemiphakathi ehhayishwayo ehlawulwayo ukuze kuncishiswe izintela zeholo lendawo.
  • [ Intela ebekelwe intela: Abanye bavumela abadala ukuba bahlehlise ukukhokha izintela zempahla kuze kube yilapho ikhaya lithengiswe, kuncishiswe amandla okuhamba kwemali.

Kunzima ukwazi ngalokhu kukhululwa. Abaningi abaxoxi ngoba izakhamuzi azizazi ukuthi zikhona. Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni wendawo namahhovisi okuhlola intela anikeza amafomu, kodwa kudingeka ukucwaninga okuthuthukisa intela.

Ukuphatha Intela Yakho Yasendaweni

Nakuba ungenakuyigwema ngokuphelele intela yendawo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ithonya layo ezimalini zakho siqu.

Qonda Intela Yakho Yasendaweni

Qala ngokuhlola amazinga entela nezimiso edolobheni lakho nasesifundazweni. I-Tax Foundation ikhipha unyaka we-Atom-Ategian Taxix Ranloster ebonisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zikhokha malini njengenani lemali eholayo. Ukwazi izinga lentela yakho eliphumelelayo kuyasiza ekuhleleni uhlelo lwemali kanye nokuhlela isikhathi eside.

Intela egciniwe

Uma indawo yakini ikuvumela, sebenzisa ama - akhawunti E - Health Savings (HS AS), ama - akhawunti Okusebenzisa Imali Ebhajwa (E - FAS), noma iminikelo yomhlalaphansi ukuze kuncishiswe iholo elikhokhelwa indawo lapho kusetshenziswa khona (ikakhulukazi izintela zeholo lendawo).

Celani Intela Yempahla Yenu

Uma inani lekhaya lakho elilinganisiwe libonakala liphakeme kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nentengo yamuva, ungafaka isikhangiso.

Ukuthenga Ngokuhlakanipha Ucabanga Ngentela

Ezindaweni ezinentela ephakeme yendawo, cabangela ukuthenga izinto ezinkulu (intela, amaelectronic, ifenisha) ezilawula intela ephansi uma ingokomthetho. Ukuthenga nge-inthanethi kungabangela “ukusebenzisa intela”, kodwa ukugcinwa kwemithetho kuyahlukahluka.

Hlanganyela Nohulumeni Wendawo

Yiya emihlanganweni yomkhandlu wedolobha, uvote kukhetho lwendawo, futhi usekele noma uphikise izinyathelo zokukhokha intela. Inkambiso yentela yendawo ilolongwa umvoti othatha inxaxheba. Ukhetho olugunyaziwe lungaqhubekisela phambili izakhiwo zentela ezilinganayo kanye nokusetshenziswa komthwalo wemfanelo.

Ukuthambekela Kwesikhathi Esizayo Ekuthengiseni Kwendawo

Izimo eziningana zizoshintsha indlela izakhamuzi ezibhekana ngayo nalezi zintela eminyakeni ezayo.

  • Umsebenzi wokukhokha ne-exus yentela: Njengoba abantu abaningi besebenza ekhaya, indaba yokuthi iholo liyini inzima. Amanye amadolobha azama ukukhokha intela yezisebenzi ezingekho kwenye indawo, okuholela ezimpini ezingokomthetho nezinguquko ezingase zivele lapho intela yendawo isebenza khona.
  • Intela yezinkonzo ze-DIgital: izinkonzo zokuhlanganisa, izikhokhelo zezinhlelo zesoftware, kanye nezikhangiso zemishini zihloselwe kakhulu izintela zendawo zokuthengisa. Lokhu kwandisa isikhungo sentela kodwa futhi kwandisa nezindleko kubathengi.
  • Ukuguqula intela ngokunyenyiswa: Izinga elikhuphukayo lasekhaya liye labangela izingcingo zezigqoko ezisentelani yempahla noma ukukhululeka okukhulu ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushenxiswa kwezakhamuzi zesikhathi eside.
  • [ Izintela ezingokomfakela: Inkokhelo yekharbon, ukukhokha kwamanzi avunguvungu, nokuhlola okuluhlaza okwemvelo kuvela njengoba uhulumeni wendawo elungisa isimo sezulu. Lokhu kuzonezela ezindlekweni zempahla.
  • [[[UKRAWU:0] Inkokhelo yentela ezenzekelayo nethengiselwayo: ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe buyokwenza kube nzima ngabathengisi kulayini ukuba bagweme ukuqoqa intela yokuthengisa yendawo, okunganciphisa amazinga ento ngayinye njenge sisekelo senkokhelo.

Isiphetho

Intela yendawo ihlala njalo ezindaweni zomphakathi ngamunye. Basekela izinkonzo ezibalulekile ezincikene nezakhamuzi nsuku zonke, kodwa futhi bafaka izindleko eziqondile nezingalungiseka emikhayeni. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zentela yendawo, ukuqonda ithonya layo ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezokuthenga, ezokuhamba nezinye izindleko zansuku zonke, nokuhlala benolwazi ngokukhulula nokushintsha kwenqubo, abantu ngabanye bangazenza izinqumo ezingcono ezingokwezimali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumfundi ofundayo, uthisha olungiselela isifundo, noma umndeni osebenzisa izimali, ikhono lokuhlaziya intela yendawo eyithuluzi elinamandla. Enkathini yokwanda kokungalingani nokushintsha kwezindlela zokusebenza, ingxoxo ephathelenemali ekhokhelwayo. Ingxoxo yokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukhokheni futhi kungani.