Ubandlululo lweminyaka emsebenzini luyindaba engapheli futhi evame ukunganakwa ethinta izigidi zabantu abadala ezimbonini. Nakuba izinhlangano eziningi zilwela ukuhlukahlukahluka nokufakwa obala, ukucwasa okuhlobene nobudala kuhlala kuphakathi kwezinhlobo zobandlululo olubekezelekayo ezimisweni zobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kucwaswa kuzibonakalisa ngezindlela ezicashile nezigcwele kakhulu. Ukuthatha izimpawu zeminyaka yokuthola umsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu kuzisebenzi ezisebenza "ngokukhuthalelana okukhulu" izisebenzi ezilahla iminikelo yezisebenzi ezingomakadlele. Imiphumela ekhubazekayo inciphisa kakhulu ukukhubazeka kwemizwa; ilulaza ukwaneliseka kwengqondo, futhi ixosha izisebenzi ezinolwazi oluphelele lweminyaka yobudala emsebenzini. Ukuqonda imiphumela yokucwasana ngokunelisa umsebenzi kudingekile kubalulekile kubaqashi, abakhiqinisi, abakhi bezimiso, nabantu abafuna ukwakha ngempela emsebenzini lapho abantu bebonke ubudala besa.

Ukuchaza Ubandlululo Lweminyaka Nokulingana Kwalo

Ubandlululo lweminyaka, olubizwa nangokuthi ukuthatha iminyaka yobudala, lubhekisela ekuvikeleni abantu abaneminyaka engu-40, noma ukubandlululweni ngenxa yobudala babo. Emsebenzini, ngokuvamile luhlasela izisebenzi esezikhulile − ngokuqhathaniswa lezo ezineminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu((8) ne) izisebenzi ezincane zingabhekana futhi nobandlululo olusekelwe ebudalani. i-U.S. Ages Discision in Breating Act (ADEA) ka-1967) evikela abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu ekucwaseni ngokuqeshelwa, ukukhushulwa, ukukhushuzwa, ukukhokhwa, ukukhokhwa, nokwenziswa, kodwa ukuphanga inseleleka, kodwa inseleleka ye-Unimeoc Oclody Observement Commis Commis (EOC), izikhathi zobandlululo lokwenyuka lweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-21% yakho ngonyaka ka-EOC, ukunikeza inseleleka.

Ngaphandle kwezincazelo ezingokomthetho, ubandlululo lobudala lusebenza ngochungechunge lobandlululo olusobala nemikhuba yokuhlela.

  • ubandlululo: Amathuba amancane okubizwa ukuba kube nezingxoxo, ngisho noma izimfanelo zabo zilingana noma zidlula lezo zentsha efuna ukubhapathizwa. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi amazinga okubuyela emuva ezisebenzi esezikhulile angaba mancane kakhulu kunezinga lama-20-30% kunezisebenzi ezisezincane ezifanelekayo.
  • Ukuphathwa ngokungenakulingana ezabelweni:[ Abaphathi bezisebenzi asebekhulile bangabela izisebenzi ezisezingeni eliphansi noma elingenzima kakhulu, becabanga ukuthi abanasithakazelo ekukhuleni noma abakwazi ukusingatha izimfuno ezintsha.
  • Ukufuna ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi: Ukusikisela okufiphele noma izinkulumo ezicacile mayelana "ukuvumela abantu abasebasha babe nethuba" kungaphoqa izisebenzi esezikhulile ukuba ziphume ngaphambi kokuba zikulungele.
  • ubutha bomsebenzi: u-Jokes ngokuguga, iziteketiso ezilulazayo, noma ukukhishwa kwemifelandawo ngokwethukela kwakha indawo lapho izisebenzi esezikhulile zizizwa zingamukeleki khona.

Le mikhuba ayigcini kunoma yiyiphi imboni. Umbiko ka-AARP wathola ukuthi izisebenzi ezicishe zibe yingxenye yesithathu ezineminyaka engu - 50 nangaphezulu ziye zabona noma zaba nokuhlangenwe nakho kokucwasana ngeminyaka emsebenzini. Lenkinga iyanda kwabesifazane nabantu abanombala, ababhekene nobandlululo olunciphisa ngokwengeziwe okuhlangenwe nakho emsebenzini.

Isifo Sengqondo Nesibindi: Indlela Ubandlululo Olubangelwa Ubudala Oluwuqeda Ngayo Ukwaneliseka Kwemisebenzi

Ukwaneliseka kwemisebenzi kuyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithonywe ukuhola kweholo, ukuzibusa, ubuhlobo nozakwabo, kanye nomqondo onenjongo. Ukucwaswa kweminyaka yobudala kuhlasela cishe zonke zalezi zici. Lapho isisebenzi esesikhulile siqaphela ukuthi ubudala baso buyisizathu sokudluliselwa kwezemfundo noma ukuthi imibono yaso ilahlwa ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa, ithonya elingokwengqondo likhulu.

Ukucwaninga okwakhishwa e IJournal of Applied Gerontology (2021]) kwathola ukuthi ukucwaswa kobudala okucatshangelwayo kuhlobene kakhulu nokwaneliseka komsebenzi, ngemva kokulawula izici ezihlobene nomsebenzi. Lendlela icacile: ukucwaswa kusongela umuzwa womuntu ngamunye wokuba ngumuntu futhi abe nesizotha. Izisebenzi ezindala ezivame ukubika ukuthi amashumi eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo awaziswa, kuholela ekubeni nomuzwa wokukhashelwa nokudumazeka komqashi wazo.

Imiphumela Engokomzwelo

  • Ukucusha nokucasuka:[ okuphindaphindwayo kungabangela ukukhungatheka okungapheli, ikakhulukazi uma ubandlululo lucashile, njengokunganakwa emihlanganweni noma ukuba okokugcina ukwamukela ukwaziswa okubalulekile.
  • ibangela izisusa ezishaqisiwe: lapho intuthuko ibonakala ingenakwenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingenzani, isisusa sokuya ngaphezulu nangalé komjikelezo. Izisebenzi esezikhulile zingaqala ukwenza okudingeka kuphela, ziphinde ziqinise imibono ephambene ngokuthembisana kwazo.
  • Ukucindezeleka okukhuphukayo nokutubeka: Ukuqapha okudingekayo njalo ukuze ulawule indawo epholile kuyakhandla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kucindezeleka kubonakala ngezimpawu ezingokomzimba ezinjengokuqwasha, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nokucindezeleka.
  • [[NTL:0] Uzithululela uqobo: imilayezo ethatha isikhathi esiphakathi nendawo elawula ukukhula ("""'Umdala kakhulu ukuba ufunde amakhono amasha" noma "Kufanele uthathe umhlala-phantsi""------------ayikho kulimaza ukuqiniseka komuntu nokuzikhomba kwekhono lakhe.

Lemiphumela engokomzwelo ayihlali ehhovisi. Bangena ekuphileni kwasekhaya, ebuhlotsheni, futhi bonke ubuhle. Ukuhlolwa kwe-National Bureau of Economic Research kwathola ukuthi izisebenzi esezikhulile ezabika amazinga aphakeme obandlululo lobudala zivame kakhulu ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunontanga yazo ababengakutholi ubandlululo olufanayo (ngokuvamile) kodwa ngenxa yokuhlala bengenakukwazi ukubhekana nobunzima obufanayo.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ezinciphisa Ukwaneliseka Komsebenzi

Ukukhohlisa Nemibono Engalungile Ngezisebenzi Ezikhulile

Mhlawumbe isici esilimaza kakhulu ukuphikelela kwabantu abaqanjiwe abangathembekile. Naphezu kobufakazi bokuthi izisebenzi esezikhulile zivame ukwethenjwa, ukukhiqiza nokwethembeka kunabanye abasebasha, abaphathi abaningi banamathela ezinkolelweni eziphelelwe isikhathi. Izinganekwane ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Izisebenzi esezikhulile azikwazi ukushintsha futhi azivumelani nobuchwepheshe obusha.
  • Izisebenzi esezikhulile zibiza kakhulu ngenxa yeholo eliphakeme nezinzuzo ezibizayo.
  • Izisebenzi esezikhulile zisuke zingekho kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo.
  • Izisebenzi esezikhulile azikwazi ukwenza izinto ezintsha.

Eqinisweni, ukucwaninga kweNhlangano yeZinzuzo zomuntu (SRM) kubonisa ukuthi izisebenzi esezikhulile empeleni zinezinga eliphansi lokuzihambela, elinciphisa izindleko zokuqasha nokuqeqesha. Ziletha ulwazi olujulile lwezezikhungo kanye namakhono alungisa izinkinga izisebenzi ezisencane eziwaswelayo. Kodwa uma abaphathi benza isiprofetho sokuzigcwalisa ngokwazo: izisebenzi ezindala ezikhishwa ekuqeqesheni noma izabelo eziyinselele aziwathuthukisi amakhono azo, khona - ke eziqinisekisa ubandlululo lukamphathi.

Isiko Nokuqothulwa Emsebenzini

Ngisho noma ubandlululo lungekho kakhulu, impucuko yomsebenzi evumela intsha ngokuphelele ingalimaza. Lokhu kubonakala ezintweni ezinjengombono wokuthi wonke umuntu usezokuxhumana, ukuthi "owesizwe" amakhono esizwe abekwa phambili ngenxa yolwazi, nokuthi umsebenzi wokunakekela ubhekwa njengomthwalo kunokuba inkathi yokukhula. Izisebenzi ezindala zingashiywa emibuthanweni yomphakathi noma ekwakheni amaqembu aklanyelwe izisebenzi ezisencane. Lokhu kuzenza zilahlekelwe umsebenzi, njengoba abantu benesidingo esiyisisekelo sokuxhumana nokusebenza.

Ukuntuleka Kokuhlala Izinguquko Ezithathelwe Iminyaka

Iminyaka ingaletha ushintsho ngesivinini sokusebenza, sokubona, sokuzwa, noma sokusebenza. Nakuba amaMelika ane-cultural Act (ADA) edinga indawo yokuhlala ukuze akhubazeke, izinguquko eziningi ezihlobene nokuguga ezingakhuli ezingakhuphuki zibalulekile noma kunjalo ekutholeni induduzo yomsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, isisebenzi esikhulile esigcina impahla singazuza ekuphakamiseni i-ergonomic, noma umgcini-zincwadi omdala angazisa ubukhulu be-ographism ezibukweni zesikrini. Uma abaqashi behluleka ukunikeza ngisho nezindawo zokulala ezilula, izisebenzi esezikhulile zingazizwa zingasizi lutho ngenhlalakahle yazo, ziqhubeke zinelisekile.

Imiphumela Engokomnotho Neyomsebenzi

Imiphumela yokucwasa ngokukhula iphumela ngaphandle kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezisebenzi ezindala kanye namakusasa angokwezimali. Uma isisebenzi esikhulile sidluliswa ukuze sikhushulwe, asilahlekelwa nje isiqu seminyaka yokwandiswa kweholo, ukuvuzwa, neminikelo kuma-akhawunti omhlalaphansi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lemikhakha ephawulekayo. Ukuhlola kwe-Propublica kwathola ukuthi ingxenye yezisebenzi esezikhulile ixoshwa imisebenzi ebezingathanda ukuyigcina, ngokuvamile ilahlekelwa inzuzo engamaphesenti angu-50 noma ngaphezulu lapho zithola umsebenzi omusha.

Ukwaneliseka komsebenzi kuhlobene kakhulu nokulondeka kwezomnotho. Izisebenzi ezindala ezicwaswayo ngokuvamile zithatha imisebenzi efiselekayo ngenxa yokuphelelwa ithemba, ukwamukela iholo eliphansi, izinzuzo ezimbalwa, noma ukuzibusa okuncane. Lokhu kubangela ukuwohloka: umsebenzi omusha unganikeza ukwaneliseka okuncane, okungase kunciphise izisusa nemisebenzi, okwenza kube nzima ukuphinde ungene endleleni yomsebenzi owanelisayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, usongo lokucwaswa kobudala luthinta ukuhlelwa komhlalaphansi. Izisebenzi ezizizwa zingalondekile emisebenzini zingaphoqeleka ukuba zithathe izinzuzo zeNhlala - kahle ngaphambi kokuba zihlelwe, zinciphise imali yazo yanyanga zonke. Abanye bangase banciphe ngokuphelele emalini yabo yokuhlala isikhathi esiphansi ukuze bakhokhele amagebe emsebenzini. Ukucindezela okungokwezimali okubangelwa yilezi zinqumo kuwukuncishiswa okuqondile kokwaneliseka emsebenzini, ngisho noma zithola umsebenzi omusha, ngoba ibhizinisi lemali elithatha isikhathi eside liwohlosiwe.

Izinyathelo Zomuntu Ngamunye Ezibandlululwayo Futhi Zivikele Ukwaneliseka Komsebenzi

Nakuba ushintsho lwesimiso lubalulekile, abantu bangathatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukuze balondoloze ukwaneliseka kwabo emsebenzini nokuzimela emsebenzini.

Yakha Inethiwekhi Enamandla

Ukunethiwekha kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvikela ukucwaswa kobudala. Uma amathuba etholakala ngokuxhumana kwabantu siqu kunokuqashwa okungenamsebenzi, umphathi oqashayo uyakwazi ukubaluleka kwakho futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba athembele kubantu abavamile abasekelwe obudala. Ukuya ezingqungqutheleni zezimboni, ukuhlanganyela ezinhlanganweni zobuchwepheshe, nokulondoloza ubuhlobo nabantu osebenza nabo ngaphambili kungavula iminyango engavalwa.

Qhubeka uvuselela amakhono — futhi uwabonise

Okunye okuvamile ukuthi izisebenzi esezikhulile zibambelele ezindleleni zazo. Ungamelana nalokhu ngokuphishekela ngentshiseko izitifiketi ezintsha, ukuthatha izicathulo, noma ukufunda izinhlelo ezintsha ezisemkhakheni wakho. Okubaluleke nakakhulu: qinisekisa ukuthi umphathi wakho nosebenza nabo bayakubona usebenzisa lamakhono. Zivume emisebenzini edinga amathuluzi amasha, nikeza imiboniso yalokho okufundile, futhi ucele ukunikeza impendulo ngokuvumelana kwakho nokuvumelana.

Idokhumende nekheli lokukhetha

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ucwaswa, gcina umbhalo oningiliziwe wezenzakalo ."izinsuku, izikhathi, ofakazi, kanye nalokho okwashiwo noma okwenziwe. Izindlela eziningi zobandlululo azikwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokwazo, kodwa indlela yokuziphatha ingaba khona. Qala ngokuxoxa ngomphathi omethembayo noma ummeleli we HR, uma uzizwa ulondekile ukwenza kanjalo. Uma isinqumo sangaphakathi sihluleka, ungafaka icala nge-EEOC noma ngemisebenzi yombuso yakho elungile. Ukwazi nje ukuthi unecebo lokungakhokhi kunganciphisa umuzwa wokungabi nalutha okubangela ukwaneliseka okuphansi.

Funa Imisebenzi Ehlukahlukene Yeminyaka

Lapho ucabangela umsebenzi omusha noma ukuhlola okhona manje, funa izinhlangano ezizazisa ngokucacile ukuhlukahluka kobudala. Hlola ingosi yenkampani ukuze uthole izithombe zezisebenzi esezikhulile ezisebenza ngemisebenzi yobuholi. Funa amaqembu ezisebenzi ezisiza izisebenzi esezikhulile. Funda ama-webhusayithi akhuluma ngeminyaka yobudala. Ukukhetha umsebenzi ophathelene nokuhlangenwe nakho kungathuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwakho kakhulu.

Izinqubo Zokuhlela Ezithuthukisa Ukwaneliseka Komsebenzi

Abaqashi banamandla amakhulu okushintsha ukucwasana kobudala. Izinkampani ezitshala imali emikhubeni ehlanganisa iminyaka eminingi zivame ukubona umkhiqizo ophakeme, ukuthatha izibhamu eziphansi, kanye nokuthembisana izisebenzi ngamandla kuzo zonke izigaba zobudala.

Ukuqeqesha Inyama Okuhlanganisa Iminyaka

Ukuhlukahluka okuningi, ukulingana, nokufakwa (DEI) kugxile ekuqeqesheni uhlanga, ubulili, kanye nendlela yobulili. Kumbalwa ukukhetha iminyaka yobudala. Ukuhlanganisa imoduli ngokukhethekile nokuhlanganisa izimpawu ezivamile zeminyaka, izibopho ezingokomthetho, kanye nebhizinisi lokwahlukahlukana kweminyaka(---aselcan) kuphakamisa ukuqapha phakathi kwabaphathi nezisebenzi. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kuhambisane, hhayi nje nengxoxo, futhi kuhlanganisa izimo abahlanganyela abangazixoxa futhi bakhiphe.

Yenza izinhlelo zokubuyisela umva kanye nolwazi olunamandla

Izisebenzi ezisencane nezikhulile ezifundisa ubudlelwane obuhambisana nazo zombili izindlela. Isimiso sobuqeqeshi esiguquguqukayo, lapho isisebenzi esincane sifundisa khona esisebenza naye ngobuchwepheshe obusha noma izinqubo zezokuxhumana, akudluliseli nje amakhono kuphela kodwa futhi kwakha nokuhloniphana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izisebenzi ezinolwazi oluqinile zingasiza izisebenzi ezisezincane ukuba zifundeni, zikwazi ubuchwepheshe obuthambile, futhi zithuthukise indlela yokusebenza.

Ukuklama Izindlela Zomsebenzi Ezivumelana Nezimo

Izisebenzi esezikhulile zivame ukwazisa ukuvumelana nezimo (ukuthi zinganakekela umngane womshado), ziphathe kahle, zigweme ukuthatha umhlalaphansi isikhathi eside. Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, izinhlelo zesikhashana, umsebenzi owengeziwe, noma ukusebenza ndawonye kungagcina ikhono elingaphezulu ongase ulishiye. Ukukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi kuyisibonakaliso esinamandla sokwaneliseka kwezisebenzi zabo bonke ubudala, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kuzisebenzi esezikhulile ezingase zidinge ukulungisa indlela yazo yokusebenza ngaphandle kokushiya umsebenzi ngokuphelele.

Hlola Imikhuba Yokuzitika Ngeminyaka Engahlosiwe

Izimiso ze-HR kufanele zihlolwe ngolimi lobudala-besikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, idinga i-"presentence yasekolishi" yendima yokungena ephezulu ingasusa ngokungafanele abacela ukuthatha isikole abadala abaneminyaka eminingi banolwazi kodwa abangatholanga siqinisekiso samuva. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenza okugcizelela ijubane lokunemba kungase kukhinyabeze izisebenzi ezindala ezinamandla azo aphelele. Izikhangiso zikaJobe kufanele zigxile emakhonweni nasemncintiswaneni, hhayi eminyakeni yolwazi noma yobudala obuhlobene no"ukwazana obufana no-"okwandabukhona."

Inkinga Yeminyaka Ehlukahlukene Yebhizinisi

Ngaphandle kokulunga nokulalela umthetho, kunecebo elinamandla lezebhizinisi lokuqeda ukucwasana ngeminyaka. Amaqembu ahlukene phakathi kweminyaka aletha izinqumo eziningi, ezithuthukisa ukusungulwa kwezinto. Ucwaningo lwango-2020 lukaBoston Consuting Group lwathola ukuthi izinkampani ezinamaqembu ahlukene kakhulu abaphathi, okuhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zeminyaka, zenza inzuzo ephakeme kakhulu esukela ekusungulweni kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkampani ezihlukene.

Ngokugcina izisebenzi esezikhulile futhi zidlulisele amakhono azo, izinhlangano zigwema amaphutha abizayo futhi ziqhubeke ziqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi bahluka kakhulu ebudaleni. Izisebenzi esezikhulile zinganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezidingo zabathengi asebekhulile, ingxenye ekhula ngokushesha yemakethe.

Ekugcineni, izindawo zemisebenzi ezihlanganisa abantu abadala zibika ukuthembisana izisebenzi ezingaphezulu. Uma zonke izisebenzi zibona ukuthi ubudala abusona isithiyo sentuthuko noma inhlonipho, zizizwa zilondekile futhi zishukumiseleka. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zokuhoxa futhi kuthuthukise umkhiqizo. Empeleni, ukwenza indawo lapho izisebenzi esezikhulile zizuza khona wonke umuntu.

Isiphetho: Ukwakha Ikusasa Elingenakho Ukucwaswa

Ubandlululo lweminyaka akuyona ingxenye engenakugwenywa yokuphila. Luwukuziphatha okufundwayo okuqiniswa yimibono eyisidala kanye nokungahlangani. Ubufakazi busobala: ubandlululo lobudala lunethonya elibi elijulile nelihlala njalo ekwanelisekeni kwemisebenzi yasebekhulile, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okungokomzwelo, ukulimala kwezomnotho, nokuphuma emsebenzini ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kodwa akudingeki kube yilendlela.

Abaqashi kumelwe bathathe isinyathelo ngamabomu — ngokuqeqeshwa, ngokushintsha kwenqubo, nangokushintsha amasiko.

Umgomo awukona nje ukuqeda ubandlululo, kodwa ukwenza izindawo zomsebenzi lapho wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, engathola khona injongo, inhlonipho, nokwaneliseka emsebenzini wakhe.