Ubudlelwane bomphakathi (PR) buye bavela njengetshe eliyinhloko lokulawula inhlekelele, eliguqula indlela imiphakathi esinda ngayo, ilula, futhi ekugcineni iqinisa ngayo ngemva kwezenzakalo eziyinhlekelele. Insimu idlulela ngalé kwezinkulumo zemithombo yezindaba; iphathelene nokwakha izimiso zokwethembana, ukubonakala, futhi injongo ehlanganyelweyo ehlanganisa imiphakathi lapho izakhiwo zemvelo nezezenhlalo zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ehlukahlukene ye-PR ekubekeleni impumelelo yangemva kwenhlekelele, futhi singakhuthaza imiphakathi ye-PR ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokuzinzela phambili kwenhlekelele.

Indima Eyisisekelo Yobuhlobo Bomphakathi Ekuqondiseni Inhlekelele

Ukukhulumisana Okufanele Njengomshophi

Uma inhlekelele igadla − noma ibangelwa yimvelo, ubuchwepheshe, noma imfanelo yokuxhumana kwabantu, ingasho umehluko phakathi kwesiphithiphithi nokuhleleka. Ochwepheshe bobudlelwane bomphakathi basebenza njenge-lunchpin phakathi kwezinhlangano ezingokomthetho nezindawo zomphakathi ezithintekile, bahumushela iziqondiso eziyinkimbinkimbi ezicacile, ezikwazi ukusebenza. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu “kumahora egolide” ngokushesha ngemva kwesenzakalo, lapho amahlebezi nokwaziswa okungaqondile kusakazeka ngokushesha kunesenzakalo ngokwaso. Ukucwaninga izinkampani zezifo zokulawula nokuvikelwa kwezifo [[] ugcizelela ukuthi kufike ngesikhathi, ukunemba, nokuxhumana kozwela kuyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuvikela nokulimaza ukuphila. Amaqembu ezindaweni ezivamile, abahlaziweyo, abahlazi bezokuhlola ulwazi, abaqondisi bezindawo nezokuxhumana zomphakathi bendawo.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemiyalezo Engekho

Izinhlekelele zihilela izinhlangano ezihlangene: izikhungo zikahulumeni, izikhungo zezokusebenza eziphuthumayo, iminyango yezempilo yesifunda, izibhedlela, izinhlangano zosizo ezingenisa inzuzo, izinkampani ezizimele, kanye neziphumeleli zemithombo yezindaba. Ngaphandle kwesimiso sokuxhumana esihlanganisayo, lamaqembu athumela imiyalezo ephikisanayo noma ephindiwe edidanisayo umphakathi futhi alulaza ukusabela. Izikhulu zezezomphakathi ziklama imigaqo yemithetho esemthethweni, zisungula abakhulumeli abasemthethweni, futhi zakhe izikhungo zokwaziswa ezihlangene ezihlanganisa bonke abantu ngaphansi kwendaba eyodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-FFLT:0 [FEdrederern Management Agency Agency (FMA) [FLD] izikhulu ezisebenza njalo nezindawo zomphakathi zezindawo zendawo, imigwaqo, imishini yokusakaza imithombo yezindawo.

Ukwakha Ukwethembana Nobuqotho Enkingeni

I - PR Iwuvimbela Ukwethemba Nendlela Ewuvimbela Ngayo

Ukwethembana kuyimali yokusabela kwenhlekelele ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyisisulu sokuqala senhlekelele. Uma imiphakathi izizwa ilahliwe, idukiswa, noma inganakwa, cishe ayilandeli iziyalo zokuthutha, ukwamukela usizo, noma ukuhlanganyela ezimisweni zokubuyisa. Ubudlelwane bomphakathi bukhuluma ngokuqondile ngalokhu kwethembana ngokubeka obala, ukungaguquguquki, nokuzithoba. Ukuhlolwa kwezenzakalo ezikhishwa ku-Continmotion and Crisis Managementmentmentmentment (Ukuphathwa kwe-[ kuthola ukuthi izinhlangano ezivuma ukungaqiniseki futhi zikhuluma obala obala ukuthi lokho ezazingakwazi ukukukwenza kuthembeke kakhulu kunalokho okungathembekile. Odokotela badinga ukuqiniseka ngokukholeka.

Ukuhlanganyela Amazwi Omphakathi Ukuze Kuvunywe Ngempela

I-PR ephumelelayo ihlanganisa abaholi bomphakathi, izinhlangano ezisekelwe enkolweni yezinhlanga, kanye nama-athom amaqembu ahlangeneyo ahlanganisa izikhulu zedolobha nezikhulu ze-Touston ukubona izikhulu zedolobhana nezikhulu ze-Speniach zomsakazo nezokusakaza. Lamaqembu athembekile angavumelanisa imiyalezo nemibono yezolimi, ukunikeza ulwazi oluqondile, ukunikeza intelekelelo, futhi ukubunganisa izenzo ezihlangene ngokuphumelela kakhulu kunanoma yisiphi isikhulu esikude. Izehlakanizo zomphakathi kumelwe zitholakale ngokubonakalayo, ngokubonisa inhlonipho. Izisebenzi zomphakathi kufanele zifake ebuhlotsheni bangaphambi kwe-1961171, ukuze zibone ukuthi izikhulu zedolobha izikhulu ze-Houston zisebenza neziteshi zomsakazomsakazomsakazo nezimiso zesonto ezivikelayo. Ukusondela kokungaqamba okunga okungakholekiyo.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwe - PR Ezamuva Kwe - postgradaDisaster Ukuvimbela Inkinga

Ukukhulumisana Okunethonya

Nakuba i-PR eningi yenhlekelele ithatha isinyathelo esilandela izenzakalo ezivulekayo kanye nokuphendula imibuzo esheshayo ihlanganisa nokuxhumana okusheshayo okulindele izidingo zesikhathi esizayo. Amasu asebenzayo ahlanganisa amalebula abhalwe ngaphambili ezenzakalo zenhlekelele, ukuqeqeshwa njalo kwezikhulu zezezindaba, nemikhankaso yemfundo yomphakathi ngokulungiselela isimo esiphuthumayo. Ukukhulumisana okusheshayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kugxila ekulungiseni amahemuhemu, ukuqondisa amahlebezekethi angempela, nokuqondisa umjikelezo wezindaba ukuze kugcinwe kucacile. Indlela elinganiselayo isebenzisa ukudlulisa imiyalezo ecacile ukuze ibeke izinhlelo (ngesibonelo, ukumemezela icebo lokuthuthukisa inguquko elizimo-mfantuthuntu) kuyilapho kuhlala kulungele ngokwanele lapho kwenzeka izenzakalo ezingalindelekile. [[FLD:][FUB][FUPUR]

Iziteshi Eziningi Nezindlela Eziningi Ezivamile

Akukho msakazo owodwa wokuxhumana ofinyelela kuwo wonke amalungu omphakathi ohlukene. I-PR ephumelelayo ngemva kwenhlekelele isebenzisa ukuxubana kwemisakazo yezezindaba ezingokwesiko (ingqungquthela, izisakazo zomsakazo, iziteshi ze-digitation (izingosi ze-webhusayithi ezingaphandle, izinhlelo zokuxhumana), ama-tecture, ama-message, ama-message, ama-message, ne-internations systemson asebenza ngokuthula (imihlangano ye-commony, umnyango we-hometohooparzer). Isihluthulelo singesokuthi uma amandla ephuma e-ibhulopozi ze-te, imisakazomfo nokusebenza kwe-msakazwa ngaphandle kwekhono lokuxhumana, ukuhlanganisa nolimi oluvamile. I-United Nations Office ye-Red REctive R (UNUN) igcizelela ukutholakala kwe-ikhono lokuxhumana, kungakhathaliseki, noma isilinganiso solimi.

Ukulalela Nezinto Ezilimazayo

Ukuxhumana kuyindlela ezimbili ezihambayo. Amasu adonsela ulwazi ngaphandle ngaphandle ngaphandle kwezimiso zokubona ingozi yokuba angasebenzi noma i-audiodura. Ukulalela kungathatha isimo seziphakamiso ezishisayo zemibuzo yomphakathi, ukulalela komphakathi ukuze kutholwe amahemuhemu noma izidingo, ukuhlola okusakazwa ezikhungweni zosizo, futhi iziteshi zedolobha ezivamile Q&A. Izinqumo eziqoqwe kufanele zihlolwe futhi zisetshenziswe ukulungisa ukubhalwa kwezincwadi, ukwabiwa kwempahla, noma ngisho nokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ngemva kwe-20182018 Camp Fire eParadise, California, abasinda baveza ukudideka ngendlela yokusebenzisa usizo lwe-FEMA. Izikhulu zokwaziswa zaphendula ngokwenza iziteshilo zevideo kanye nezokuxhumana eziqoqa i-helpcev, ukuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana.

Ukululama Kwesikhathi Eside Nemikhankaso Yokulungiselela

Ukusuka Ezinkingeni Kuya Ekuzinzeni

Indima yobudlelwane bomphakathi ayipheli lapho abazanuli bephuthuma. Ukululama okusheshayo ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka eminingi futhi kuhilela izimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinjengokwakha kabusha izindlu, ukubuyisela izinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, ukuvuselelwa kwezomnotho, nokuhlelwa kwezakhiwo. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, i-PR kumelwe ijikeleze isuka ekuqapheni okuphuthumayo ukuze igcine izivumelwano zomphakathi. Izinhlangano ezingagxila ekugxileni kokuthuthukisa intuthuko, ukuqoqa izisebenzi zokuzithandela, ukuxhasa izimali zokwakha kabusha izimali, nokusekela izinguquko zenqubo ezinciphisa izingozi zesikhathi esizayo. Isici esibalulekile esibalulekile sokulandisa okuthi ilandisa okunendaba yabasindingabaza abasinda kanye nezinhlangano ezibasiza ukuba balondoloze ukunakekela komphakathi futhi abanikelayo basekele isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba amakhamera ezindaba ehlasele. Ngokwesibonelo, “umkhankasoni we-New Orleans" ngemva kweSiphepho, impumelelo yezehlaka esisetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni sezehlakalo sezelelwe, ukuphumelela kwezenyunyana zezindaba.

Izinyathelo Zokufundisa Zokufunda Esikhathini Esizayo

Izindawo ezikwaziyo ukuphuma esikoleni, izinhlelo zokuphepha emsebenzini, kanye nezenzakalo zomphakathi zokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okubanzi. Odokotela bangaklama imikhankaso yemfundo efundisa ukuziphatha okulungiselweyo − ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi okuxhumana, amasu omkhaya athuthukayo, ukufunda iCPR, nokuqonda izindlela zokuphuma. Lemikhankaso kufanele ihlanganiswe ezifundweni zesikole, izinhlelo zokuvikela emsebenzini, kanye nezenzakalo zomphakathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwenzeka kwabaningi. Ukushintsha kwemikhankambi enyaka enyakazweni enjalo ngokuvamile kufaka inkolelo yezenhlalakahle, okusikisela ukuthi abantu bafunda ngokuqaphela abanye. I-Faitaling relagetabletings, abefundisi bendawo, abaphethe imidlalo, abefundisi bendawo, ababonisa ukulungiselela ukuphumelela kakhulu kunemizwa kwezincwajana ezingenabuntu. EJapan, “indlela yonyaka kanyaka i-Dister Prevention" iwubuhlobo obukhulu kakhulu obuhlanganisa ukuqomisa, ukubukisa, ukuveza impucuko kwesizwe.

Ukuhlola Indaba: Izifundo Ezitholakala Enkundleni

ISiphepho UKatrina Nokuvuselela Ukwethembana

ISiphepho uKatrina (2005) sisalokhu siyisifundo esiqinile sendlela ubudlelwane bomphakathi obuye bahluleka ngayo ukuhlanganisa inhlekelele. Ukuxhumana kwakuqala kwabangelwa ukuphikisana kwezinkulumo, ukuthatha indawo, ukulibala, nokungabi nagunya elicacile, okwaholela ekudidekeni nasekulahlekelweni ukuphila. Ngomphumela, idolobha lase-New Orleans nezwe laseLouisiana lawashintsha amathuluzi awo okuxhumana. Ngo-2010, basungula iSikhungo sokwaziswa somphakathi esikhokhela ulwazi, futhi basungula iqophelo lobuchwepheshe lokulungisa isimo. Mhlawumbe, basungula uhlelo lokuxhumana nomphakathi olwenzele imihlangano ezindaweni eziseduze ukuze balalele izinkathazo zezakhamuzi futhi bazifake emalungiselelweni okwakha kabusha. Ngo-2010, ukuhlola kwabonisa ukwanda okukhulu ekuthembeni komphakathi ezinhlanganweni okukhona phakathi komphakathi oqotho nomphakathi. Lokhu kugcizelela ngisho nokuxhumana okuqhubekayo ngemva kokwethembana nokuxhumana.

Ukukhulumisana Okunethonya KwaseJapane Ngemva Kokuzamazama Komhlaba Nokunyakaza Kwama - Tsunami Ngo - 2011

Impumelelo ye-PR yadlula kulokhu kuzamazama komhlaba ne-tsunami kuvame ukuvezwa njengesibonelo sokuxhumana okuphumelelayo kwenhlekelele. Emizuzwini embalwa nje yokuzamazama komhlaba, i-Japane Meteorological Agency yakhipha i-tsunami exwayisa ngethelevishini, ama-midiya, amasondo, nezimiso zokuxoxa nomphakathi. Kodwa impumelelo ye-PR yalelizwe yadlula kakhulu kubuchwepheshe: yathembela kakhulu ekuhleleni okuqinile kokulungisa nokubambisana komphakathi. Amakomiti enhlekelele yendawo, ayehlanganisa abameleli abameleli bezikole, amabhizinisi, nabaphathi, ayeye adwebela imithetho yokuxhumana iminyaka eminingi. Lapho i-tsunamistameya, ishaya ngokushesha, idlulisa iziyalezo zokuthutha nokukhosela ukwaziswa ngegama elithi Jehofgrademouth, ngisho nalapho iminyango igcwele. Ingxenye yomphakathi yayingekho phakathi nomnyango womphakathi; yayibunye imfutho wezelele, impumelelo enkulu yenhlekelele.

Ukulinganisa Imiphumela Ye - PR Ezinhlekeleleni

Akwanele ukuveza ukukhulumisana okuhle; odokotela futhi kumelwe balinganise ukuphumelela kwabo ekucwengisiseni amasu nokubonisa inani. Ama-millimeter angokwesiko anjengezimo zemithombo yezindaba noma ukucosha ama-plup awajulile emsebenzini wenhlekelele. Izikhombo eziningi ezinengqondo zihlanganisa: izinguquko ezisekuvumelaneni komphakathi neziqondiso zokuthuthwa, ukunciphiswa kwamahemuji okuhambisana, ukukhubazeka okuhlobene nosizo, ukwandisa izinga lokusebenza kokusebenza, ukuhlolwa komphakathi, kanye nokwethemba okuthatha isikhathi eside okungokokhomba amabhukwana. Njengoba iziqondiso ezicishini zezokukhishwa kwengozi [[FLT] zingenze iziqondiso zomphakathi kuphela zingakwazi ukuthatha lemiphumela engcono nezokuxhumana ezingokokusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana okuvamile. Izibalo ezingcono kakhulu zezokuxhumana ezihlanganisa ukuphumelela kolwazi oluqinile.

Izinselele Nokucabangela Okufanele

Ubudlelwane bomphakathi bugcwele izinkinga zezindinganiso. Ukucindezela kokubonisa imiphumela esheshayo kungaholela ekuphonseni, ukuqikisweni, noma ekugodleni izindaba ezimbi. . Bonke ababulali kumelwe basebenzise umngcele omuhle phakathi kokunikeza ithemba nokwenziwa kobuthingo. Ngaphezu kokushaya indiva kokulahlekelwa. Ukushaya indiva okungashayi mkhuba okungavimba izinga lomonakalo: abantu abanikelayo noma ababambezeli usizo, kuyilapho ukulandisa okucacile kungabuyisela abasindi futhi kuqede izinkonzo zempilo ezilula. Izwi elifanele lidinga ukuhlakanipha okungokomzwelo kanye nesibopho sokusiza umphakathi ngaphezu kwezithakazeko ezingokomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali ziyinseleleko engapheli: ukuntula izisebenzi eziningi ezinikezelwe iPR noma abaceli bezodwa. Izinhlelo ezinikeza usizo phakathi kwezivumelwano zezenhlalakahle, amathuluzi amanani aphansi, amathuluzi esetshenziswa kakhulu, amathuluzi ewanele, futhi awenziwa, lapho ngisho nemithombo engekhona, lapho izimali.

Isiphetho

Ukwakha imiphakathi eqinile ngemva kwenhlekelele kuyisenzo sokuxhumana okuhlangene. Ubudlelwane bomphakathi bunikeza uhlelo lwalokho kuxhumana, ukuguqula ukunyakaza kwezemfundo kube ukuhlanganisa, ukusola kube ukuthembana, nokusinda okufushane okuhambisana nesikhathi kube ukuguqulwa okuthatha isikhathi eside. Kusukela ekudingweni okuphuthumayo kwezixwayiso ezicacile zomsebenzi wesineke wokwakha inhloko-dolobha yezenhlalo, i-PR izisebenzi ezibalulekile kuzo zonke ezibhekene nezindawo zokuqondisa inhlekelele. Ubufakazi, obuthathwe kukho kokubili ukucwaninga kwezemfundo yezemfundo nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kwezwe, bubonisa ukuthi imiphakathi efaka imali ehlelekile, ngokwezimiso, futhi ehlanganisa ubudlelwane bomphakathi obungahlelekile impumelelo, ihambe phambili, futhi ayinakuthuthukisa kuphela impumelelo engcono, kodwa ayivusehlelangavusemkhamiphakathini engenakuvuselelwa futhi ingenakuvuselelwa, kodwa iphinde ibuye ikhuliswe futhi ihlelwe ngokuhlanganiswa.