Njengoba amaqembu amaphekula elwa nemingcele, amazwe kumelwe asebenze ndawonye ukuze alwe ngokuphumelelayo nalezi zinsongo. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke okuthuthukisa ngayo imizamo yobuphekula futhi kuholela ekuphumeleleni okukhulu.

Ukubaluleka Kokubambisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Inselele enzima edinga ukuphana ngobuhlakani, imithombo yemali, nobuchwepheshe. Akukho zwe elilodwa elingasingatha lezi zinsongo kuphela. Ukubambisana kwezizwe zomhlaba wonke kuvumela amazwe ukuba ahlanganise amandla awo futhi athathe impumelelo kakhulu emisebenzini yobuphekula. Isimo sembulunga yonke sobuphekula .(ukuxhasa izimali, ukujoyina, nokuhlela ukusebenza) kuhlanganisa ukuthi isenzo esingahlonisiwe sivame ukushiya izikhawu ezibucayi. Imizamo ehlangene kakhulu ingaba iziphathimandla zisongele ngapha nangapha kwezindawo, iphazamise amaketanga, futhi ivimbele ukuhlasela ngaphambi kokuba zivele.

Izimiso zezizwe ngezizwe eziningana zisekela lokhu kubambisana. I-Global Counter-Trorism Strategy ye-United Nations, eyamukelwa ngo- 2006, inikeza ipulani ebanzi yokuba izifunda ezingamalungu zisebenze ndawonye. Amabhukwana anjenge-UN Counter-Trorism Committee Committee (CTC) kanye noMqondisi wayo ophethe (COTED) asiza ekuhloleni ukumiswa nokuthola izikhala zamandla. Izinhlangano zezifundazwe njenge-African Union, i-European Union, ne-Association of Southern Asian Nations nazo ziye zasungula imithetho evumelanayo elwanisayo. Lezi zakhiwo zakha ulimi kanye namathemba ahlukene, okwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwezimiso.

Ukuhlanganyela Ubuhlakani

Enye yezici ezibucayi kakhulu zokubambisana ukubambisana. Amazwe anikana ukwaziswa ngamaqhinga amaphekula, amalungu, nemithombo yezimali. Lokhu kubambisana kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlasela ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke futhi kudilize izinhlangano zamaphekula ngokuphumelela kakhulu. Ikhono lokuhlanganyela lisuka kwimiba ye-hoc bipaneral ezimisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubambisana. I-interpol’s I-24/7 yezokuxhumana kwamaphoyisa embulungeni yonke kuvumela ukugcinwa komthetho emazweni angu-195 ukuba kuhlanganyele izixwayiso zangempela kumaphekula, ukwebiwa kwamapaswe, nentengiselwano yezezimali. Ngokufanayo, i-European Union’s Union’s i-Propult] [[FLT]] igcina i-European Concitentiertic Cororism Center, esebenza njengesikhungo esiyinhloko se-umgamgam

I-9/11 Commission Report e-United States yaphawula ukuthi ukwehluleka kokwaziswa okuhlangene phakathi kwe-FBI ne-CIA kwaba nengxenye ekuhlaseleni. Ekuphenduleni, amazwe asungula izikhungo zobuphekula kanye nemisebenzi ehlangene. Namuhla, i-National Counterrous Community Center (NCTC) iveza ukuhluleka kolwazi oluphakathi kukahulumeni namazwe ahlangeneyo njengengxenye ephumelelayo ekuhlaseleni: ukuhlangana okunjalo kokuhlakanipha okuhlanganyelwe phakathi kwe-Five Vies livéne (Australia), Canada, New Zealand, United Zealand, ne-United Kingdom, i-2010 ibhuntshile izinhloso eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho izinselele zisekhona, kuhlanganise nokungaqiniseki kwemininingwane yezindaba zomuntu siqu kanye nokungavumelani kwezinhlangano ezithile ukuveza imithombo ekwazi ukuzwela.

Ukusebenza Kwamaqembu Nokuqeqeshwa

Amazwe amaningi aqhuba imisebenzi yokusebenza ndawonye nokuqeqesha. Lemisebenzi ithuthukisa ukubambisana, ukwakha ukuthembana, futhi iphuhlisa imikhuba emihle kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, amabutho ahlukahlukene asebenza ngokuphumelela aye aphazamisa amangqamuzana amaphekula ezifunda ezihlukahlukene. I-Jointed Task Force – Horn yase-Afrika (CJTF-HOA) ihlanganisa izisebenzi eziningi zamazwe ukuba ziqeqeshe amabutho endawo futhi ziqhube imisebenzi yobuphekula. ESahel, i-Frec Yomsebenzi i-Barkhane yasebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngase G5 Sahine Faso (irna Faso, Chad, Mauritania, Mauresaniya, ne-Niger) ukuze ithobe i-al Qaeda ne-IS. Lemisebenzi ixhomeke ezindleleni ezifanayo, ezihambelanayo, iziteshicishi, iziteshi ze-omiya.

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha zisebenza njengenhlanganisela yamandla. Inhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene elwa nomthetho we-Terrorism CT inikeza usizo lokwakha amandla ezindawo ezingamalungu, kuhlanganise nezifundo ezisemngceleni, ukunqanda imishini eqhumayo eklanywe ngemishini (C-IED), nokuvimbela ubudlova bemizwa (PVE). UMnyango wezwe lase-U.S. weSimiso soMnyango wamazwe esilwa ne-State sobuGawula uqeqeshe izikhulu zezokugcinwa komthetho ezingaphezu kwekhulu elingu - 100 000 kusukela ngo-19984. Imizamo enjalo yenza amazwe anemithombo elinganiselwe ekwazi ukusebenzisa imishini eqinile ekwazi ukuhlola i-inthaneti, iphakamise isisekelo sembulunga yonke se-ibhulobhuleki.

Impumelelo Efinyelelwa Ngokubambisana

Ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke kuye kwaholela ekuphumeleleni okukhulu kobuphekula. Ezinye izibonelo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa ukususwa kwezinhlangano ezinkulu zamaphekula, ukuvinjelwa kokuhlasela okuhleliwe, nokuthathwa kwabaholi abayinhloko. Nakuba kunzima ukuthola ama-metric aqondile, ukuthambekela okuvamile kusikisela ukuthi imizamo ehlangene iye yenza imisebenzi yamaphekula ibeka izingozi ezinkulu futhi ayiphumeleli. Izenzakalo ezilandelayo zibonisa ithonya lokusebenza ndawonye.

  • Ukuncishiswa kwezigidi zamaRandi okubambene ne-al-Qaeda e-Sahel ephazamisa izimali zamaphekula. Isinyathelo esihlangene phakathi kwe-Namaent Action Task Force (FATF) nezifundazwe zaseNtshonalanga Afrika saholela ekutholeni nasekushisekeni kwamadollara ayizigidi ezibambelwe i-al-Qaeda eMaghreb (AQIM) namaqembu ayo ahlukene. Ngokuhlasela izinkampani ezingaphambili kanye nezimiso zenani lokudlulisa ngokwethukela (hala), umsebenzi waklinyanisa umsele wenzuzo eyinhloko ye-injini yama-Ismustruman.
  • Ukuthunjwa kwamaphekula eprofile ephezulu ngemixwayiso yase-Interpol. Ngo-2024, i- Interpol Red Noties yasiza ukuboshwa kuka-Ahmed al-* (igama elinqanyulwe) eTurkey, umenzi webhomu eZweni lamaSulumane elalibalekele ukuthunjwa iminyaka eyisithupha. Ukusolwa kwakungokwaziswa okuphathelene nesayensi ye-iometric okuhlanganyelwa iziphathimandla ze-Iraqi futhi ngokushesha kwaphumela ekubhekaneni necala.
  • Imizamo yokuhlasela e-Sulu Archipelago e-Asia evimbela ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu. NgoMatshi 2023, ukuhlanganyela kokuhlakanipha phakathi kwePhilippines, i-Indonesia, neMalaysia izinhlangano zokuhlakanipha kwavumbulula icebo leqembu lamaMaute lokuhlasela izindawo zokuhlola izivakashi ePalawan. Ukuhlasela okuhlangene eSulu Archipelago kwaphumela ekuthunjweni kwezinjini ezingu-14 kanye nokuthunjwa kwamakhilogremu angu-50 e- ammonium nitrate.
  • Ukufakwa kwe-ISCURT communition communitor. Ukuhlinza okuhlangene kwe-FBI, i-UK’S National Crime Agency, ne-Europol kwachitha iqophelo eliyimfihlo le-copt elisetshenziselwa ukujoyina abalwi baseNtshonalanga. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili yokuqapha, iziphathimandla zabopha abaphathi emazweni ayisithupha futhi zavala inkonzo unomphela.

Lezi zibonelo zigcizelela ithonya lokubambisana. Uma amazwe ehlanganyela ekuhlolweni nasekuhlanganiseni imithombo ewusongo, izindleko zamaqembu amaphekula zinyuka kakhulu. Kumelwe asebenze emangqamuzaneni amancane, athembele ezindleleni zokuxhumana ezingathembekile kakhulu, futhi abhekene nethuba eliphakeme lokutholaka. I-UN Security Council iphawulile ukuthi kusukela ngo 2016, inani lembulunga yonke labafa ngenxa yobuphekula liye lehla cishe nge 25%, ukwehla okungabangela ukuba kuthuthukiswe izenzo zobuphekula ezihlukene.

Indima Yamaqembu Okuhlakanipha Kwezimali

Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe, amaqoqo ahlakaniphile ngokwezimali (FUS) afeza indima eyandayo ekulweni nempumelelo yobuphekula. I-Egmont Group, i-twene yezizwe zonke ye-168 FIUs, ivumela ukwaziswa okulondekile mayelana nentengo esolekayo. Ngokufaka imininingwane yezindlela zezimali zentengiselwano zezentengiselwano zobuphekula . Ngokuthumela ukwaziswa kwezindawo ezibonisa uvalo, njengokuthunyelwa kwezindawo ezilwayo noma ukuthengwa kwamakhemikhali okuqala.[1] I-FUS, isiza ukwakha umfanekiso wembulunga yonke wezentengiselwano zamaphekula. Kwesinye isenzakalo, ukuhlola i-rettancelance eYurophu kuvumela iziphathimandla ukuba zibone futhi zibophe ucingo lwezimpi ezisekela i-Hahringer’s al-Sher. Lokhu kuvimbela ngokuqondile ikhono leqembu lokukhokha izikhali.

Izinselele Zokubambisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Naphezu kwale mpumelelo, ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke ekulweni nobuphekula kunezithiyo. Izinselele eziphikelelayo zinganciphisa intuthuko futhi zinciphise ukuphumelela kwemizamo yokubambisana. Ukuqonda lezi zithiyo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ubuhlobo obuqinile.

Izindinganiso Ezingokomthetho Nezamalungelo Abantu Ezihlukene

Elinye lamachanaba amakhulu kakhulu lihlanganisa izisekelo zomthetho. Okwenza ubufakazi obamukelekayo kwelinye izwe kungase kungabekeki kwelinye. Izivumelwano zokuthathelwa phambili zingaba yinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi lapho amaphekula asolwayo ebhekana nesigwebo sokufa kuhulumeni ocela i. Imithetho yezobuchwepheshe, njenge-General Data Protection Regial (GDPR), ngezinye izikhathi iphikisana nokwaziswa okungadibeneyo okuhambisana nezicelo zokuhlakanipha. Umbiko olinganiselwa ukuthi amaphekula abhekene nesigwebo sokufa kuhulumeni. iNhlangano yezobuchwepheshe ye-injini ye-data, eqokomisa ukuthi cishe 30% yokuhlola kwezizwe zonke ezilwa nomthetho kuyenzeka ngokulibazi abakanye.

Ukucabangela amalungelo abantu nakho kudala ukungezwani. Amanye amazwe angafuni ukuthunjwa uma esaba ukuhlushwa noma ukulingwa okungafanele. IZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zamisa izindinganiso nge-Global Counter-Trorisism Strategy yazo ye-Global Counter, igcizelela isidingo sokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu lapho ilwa nobuphekula. Kodwa ukuphoqelelwa akulingani. Amazwe asezifundani ezinjenge Horn of Africa noma i-Maghreb angabeka ukulondeka endaweni efanele, kubangele ukuba abangane abanemithetho eqinile yokulinganisela ukuhlangana kokwaziswa.

Intando Yezombangazwe Nezikhungo Zezombangazwe

Izithakazelo zezombangazwe zingalulaza ngisho nezakhiwo zokubambisana ezihlelwe kahle kakhulu. Ama-rival phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu − njenge-United States ne-China, noma iSaudi Arabia ne-Iran . Ngokuvamile kungena ezingxabanweni zobuphekula. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusolana kuye kwavimbela imizamo ehlangeneyo yokumelana nombuso wamaSulumane e-Afghanistan nase-Asiya ePhakathi. Ngokufanayo, ukuncishwa kwezinhlelo ze-U.S. ngokwezimali i-UN emelene nezinhlelo zobuphekula ngo-athoristruid ngo-202020 ngemithetho engekho sisekelo esiqinile izakhiwo zekhono eziyekiwe okwesikhashana eMpumalanga Afrika. Ithemba yimali yokubambisana, futhi lapho kuphakama izingxabano zezombangazwe, ukugeleza kokuhlakanipha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi izifundazwe zisebenzisa isembozo sokunqanda ukungaboni ngaso linye kwezizwe zonke. Isiqu samaqembu athile amaphekula singabekwa icala ngokwezombangazwe. Ukwenqaba kwe-European Union ukubala iHezbollah yaseLebhanoni njengenhlangano esabekayo ephelele − kuphela iphiko layo lezempi − yiyona eyabangela ukungezwani ne-United States ne-Israel, okubangela ukuhlaselana okushubile eMpuma Ephakathi.

Ukungafani Kwemithombo Yemali

Amazwe acebile anganikeza ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi bokuhlola, intuthuko ephambili ezindaweni zobuphekula, kanye nezindawo ezinikezelwe zokulwa. Amazwe asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi lawo asezifundeni zezimpi, ngokuvamile antula amathuluzi ayisisekelo okuvikela imingcele noma ahlaziya ukuhlakanipha. Lokhu kuhlukanisa kwakha umthwalo owenziwe nge-asymetric: amazwe aphethe izinhlangano zamaphekula angase angabi namandla okuthatha isinyathelo, kuyilapho amaqembu angaphandle engenakungenela ngokuphumelelayo. IHhovisi le-UN ye-Counter-Trorism (UN) ilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-60 ezifunda zamalungu ayo adinga usizo olubalulekile ezindaweni ezinjengokungalawuleki kwe-injini kanye ne-CIED. Ngaphandle kokuqeqesha leligebebe elinamandla, imizamo yangaphandle ihlala iqinile njenge-athone.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zokuqinisa Ukubambisana

Ukubheka phambili, indawo emelene nezephekula izoqhubeka ishintsha. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa ukuvuleka kwezindawo, ukushintsha kwesimiso sezezombangazwe, nokunyuka kobuphekula bodwa kudinga izindlela ezintsha. Ukuze kulondolozwe amandla, ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke kumelwe kuvumelane nezindawo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko.

Ukuhlakanipha Okusebenzayo Nemininingwane Emikhulu

Ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa (AI) nokufunda ngomshini kunikeza amathuba angenakulinganiswa okuhlaziya ukuhlakanipha. Izimiso ze-Al zingahlola inqwaba yezinto ezivulekile ezisemfashinini, ukuthengiselana kwezezimali, kanye ne-metameta yokuxhumana ukuze kubonwe amasampuli abantu abahlaziyi abangase baphuthe. I-interpol isiye yawasebenzisa amathuluzi e-AII-drive [[ awenziwa amafulegi asolayo izindlela zokuhamba futhi aqaphele imikhondo yenkulumo - zenkulumo - ze zenkulumo - zezwelo. Nokho, la mathuluzi adinga ukuhlelwa kwemikhondo ehlukeneyo neziqondiso zezimiso ezivumelanayo. Izindinganiso zezizwe zonke ze-AIP kunciphiswa ukunciphiswa kokwaziswa, ukunga kobuntwana, nokulandisa kwenani. Uma amazwe ekwazi ukuhlanganisa ukusondela kwawo, i-Al iyakuba yimpondo yemisebenzi ehlangene.

Ukuqinisa Ubudlelwane Bomphakathi

Amaphekula asebenzisa amapulatifomu ezentengiselwano ukuze athole inzuzo, athole imali, axhumane. Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe, amabhange, namafemu ezokuxhumana alawula isisekelo esiyinhloko. Impumelelo yesikhathi esizayo ixhomeke ekuhlanganeni komphakathi okujulile. Izinyathelo ezifana ne-Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT) sezikunciphisile kakade ukufinyelela kobushiqela, kodwa ukuzithoba ngokuzithandela kushiya izikhawu. Abanye ochwepheshe basekela izibophopho ezibophayo zezokuqashela amankampani ezobuchwepheshe ukuba babike umsebenzi osolekayo. Ukulinganisela ukuvikeleka komuntu wesithekile nenkululeko yokukhuluma kuhlala kuseyinselele inselele, kodwa ukukhulumisana phakathi kohulumeni, imboni, nomphakathi kuyachuma.

Gxila Kudokotela Owedwa Nasekhaya

Ukuvela kokuhlasela kwe-actor eyodwa kuphela − ngokuvamile kushukunyiswa yinkulumo - ze ye-inthanethi kodwa ngaphandle kweziqondiso eziqondile ezivela eqenjini elikhulu . Laba bantu bangathatha izinhlelo zobuphekula ezingokwesiko eziphikisanayo. Bangathatha izikhali ngokushesha, bathole izikhali ngokomthetho, futhi bashiye izimpawu ezimbalwa. Ukubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe kufanele kwande ukuze kuhlanganise izimpawu ezihlukene zokuziphatha, izindlela zokuhlola, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela usongo. Izinhlelo ezifana ne Strong Cities Network, ezixhumanisa amapulani endawo yomhlaba wonke ukuze ahlanganyele amasuntsla okuvuselela umphakathi, anikeze isibonelo. Ngokugxila ekungeneleni komphakathi ngokushesha, abantu abasebenza ndawonye emhlabeni wonke bangavimbela ukuhlasela okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba kudlulele ebudloveni.

Ukufeza Indima Yemizimba Yesifunda Neyezimila Ezihlukahlukene

Nakuba izindikimba zembulunga yonke njenge-UN zinikeza isiqondiso esingaphezu kwesivamile, izinhlangano zezifunda zivame ukubekwa ngcono ukuze zibhekane nezinsongo ezisendaweni. I-African Union’s Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism (AU-CSRT) e-Algiers inikeza amandla okusebenza ngokubambisana eNyakatho neNtshona Afrika. E-Asiya mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-ASCEAN yezombangazwe neSikhungo sobuphekusebenza samazwe amaningi isungule icebo elivamile lokulwa kobuphekula. Le nqubo ingahamba ngokushesha kune-bhulamethi yembulunga yonke futhi ivumelanisa kakhulu amasiko nezombangazwe.

Ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke kakade sekuguqule ukulwa nobuphekula, kusindisa ukuphila okungabalileki nezimiso ezinkulu ezilulazayo. Indlela engaphambili idinga zonke izizwe ukuba zakhe kulokhu kuphumelela, zinqobe izithiyo zezombangazwe nezezomthetho, futhi zifake imali emathuluzini nasebuhlotsheni obungenza kube nokwenzeka. Ubuphekula buyinselele yomhlaba wonke, futhi ukusabela okunobunye kuphela okungaphelele, okungahileli, nokunezimiso zenza izizukulwane ezizayo ziqiniseke ukuthi zizoba nezwe elilondekile.