Isingeniso: Inselele Ekhulayo Yobuphekula Basekhaya

Ubuphekula basekhaya buwusongo olukhulu ekulondekeni kwesizwe nasekulondekeni komphakathi e-United States. Ngokungafani nobuphekula bomhlaba wonke, obuvame ukuhlanganisa abadlali bakwamanye amazwe nezimiso zembulunga yonke, ubuphekula basekhaya buvela kulo lonke izwe(("ebuthunywe izakhamuzi noma izakhamuzi ezinemibono eyingozi esekelwe kwezombangazwe, ezenkolo, ezezinhlanga, noma ezimelene nohulumeni). Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ukuhlasela kwamazwe okusheshayo nokubulalayo kuye kwanda, ukudonsa ukunakekela okuphuthumayo komthetho kuzo zonke izingalo. Izinhlangano zomthetho zikahulumeni zifeza indima ebalulekile ekuqapheleni, zivimbeleni, futhi ziphendulele kulezinsongo. Kuzo ngokuvamile kungoko ziqala ukuqaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso futhi zifike esenzekeni. Ukuqonda izinhlelo zazo, izinselele, izinselele, izinselele, izinselele, izinselele, izinselele ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni amazwe futhi ziqapheleni ukuthi amaqembu amaqembu avikela amazwe avikela kanjani.

Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ehlukahlukene yezinhlangano zikahulumeni eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho ekulweni nobuphekula basekhaya, sihlola izindlela ezisebenzayo ezizisebenzisayo, futhi sixoxa ngezinselele eziqhubekayo ezibhekana nazo endaweni esongela ngokushesha.

Ukushintsha Kobuphekula Basekhaya E - United States

Ubuphekula basekhaya bunemvelaphi ejulile emlandweni waseMelika, kusukela ebudloveni beKu Klux Klan phakathi nokuvuselelwa kwebhomu eOklahoma City ngo-1995. Namuhla, usongo lwezwe lusakazekile futhi lunamandla. I-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) ne-Derter of Homeland Security [DHS] iye yathola ukuhlasela kobudlwangudlwana kobuhlanga noma kobuhlanga, ukulwa nombuso wobuzwe, kanye nowe-isquastueat (njengamalungelo ezilwane noma ubudlova bezilwane) njengezigaba eziyinhloko zobuphekula. [FLT:] uCapitol[FLD] u-ULD [FLD] u-FOLD] ubonise kakhulu ukuthi abantu basekhaya, izikhali ezicindezela umthetho ezinzisayo ezinzisayo futhi ziwucabangelayo.

Izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho kahulumeni kumelwe zimelane nalezi zinsongo lapho zisebenza phakathi kwemingcele yomthetho-sisekelo kahulumeni, imithetho yobugebengu, nezimiso zenkululeko yomphakathi. Imithetho ehlukene yesizwe ngokuphathelene nobugebengu benzondo, imithetho yobuphekula, kanye neziphathimandla zokuqapha inezela ubunkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphekula asekhaya asebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuxhumana okuyimfihlo, iziteshi zezokuxhumana zezenhlalakahle, kanye ne-inthanethi ye-internals ukuze athathe i-a, athathe izintambo, kanye nokuhlela izigwebo okunzima ukubheka ngaphandle kokuphula amalungelo ezindaba zomuntu.

Indima Yomthetho KaHulumeni Yokuphoqelelwa Kwezimo

Izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zikahulumeni zihlanganisa izinhlangano eziningi: amaphoyisa kahulumeni noma amaphoyisa asemigwaqweni emikhulu, izikhungo zophenyo, umnyango wokuphepha komphakathi, nezisebenzi ezikhethekile. Imithwalo yazo yokulwa nobuphekula basekhaya iyashesha futhi iyathatha isinyathelo.

Ukuvimbela Okunamandla: Isimiso Esigunyazwe Ukuhlakanipha

Ukuvimbela kuqalwa ngobuhlakani. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zigcina izikhungo zokuhlakanipha ezinikezelwe eziqoqa, zihlaziya, futhi zisakaza ulwazi olusongelayo. Lamaqoqo asebenza eduze ne- FBI’s Joint Terrorism Masters [JTFs] [ nezikhungo zombuso ezihlangene. Izindawo zokuhlanganisa izikhungo zokwenza usongo (Fusiontion) zibekwe ngemva kwe 9/11] zisebenza njengezindawo zokuhlanganisa ubuhlakani phakathi kwezindawo. Izwe ngalinye manje lisebenza okungenani nesikhungo esisodwa somfakela wesifunda, futhi eziningi ezinezikhungo zesifunda. Analysts kulezindawo zihlola ulwazi oluvulekileyo, ukuqinisekisa umthetho, nezihloko ezivela emphakathini ukuze zibone izinsongo ezivelayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, [[FLT: 0] iCalifornia State Usongelo Lwezikhungo ze-Assesment ikhipha njalo imibiko yokugcinwa komthetho emakhaya kumthetho owenziwa ezweni lonke. ETexas, i-Texas Department of Public Safety[ iphethe uhlelo lobuhlakani lobuhlakani olubanzi olulandela izinhlelo eziyingozi. Lemizamo iye yaholela ekuqhushuninini amaqhinga ngaphambi kokuba angene, njengokuboshwa kwendoda yezwe laseWashington ehlela ukuhlasela ukubhikishana, ngengxenye kuya esabelweni ngeminyango yokwaziswa yesifundazwe esiphethe.

Ukucwaninga Nokungacabangi

Lapho kutholakala izinsongo ezithembekile, abacwaningi bakahulumeni bathatha isinyathelo. Amanxusa amaningi ombuso anemisethi eyisicaba noma amanxusa akhethekile anikezelwe ukulwisana nobuphekula nonya olungenaluzwela. Aqoqa ubufakazi, ukuqapha, futhi akhe amacala okuqulwa kwecala kahulumeni noma uhulumeni. Ezimweni lapho izenzo zomuntu zingafinyeleli imithetho yobuphekula kahulumeni, imithetho kahulumeni ngokuvamile inikeza izikhalo ezinjengokwenza ukusongela kwamaphekula, uzungu lokulwa ubudlova, noma ukuzonda ubugebengu obukhuliswa. Abashushisi bamazwe basebenza ngokuhambisana nomthetho ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi abachaphisi babhekana nemiphumela ngisho nalapho izikhala zemithetho kahulumeni zingaqashelwanga.

Ukusabela Okubucayi Nokuphathwa Kwabantu Ngezindlela Ezibucayi

Naphezu kwemizamo engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela, kwenzeka ukuhlasela. Ukuphoqelelwa komthetho woMbuso kuyisithakazelo sokuqala esikhulu sezehlakalo ezinkulu. Amaqembu amaphoyisa amaphoyisa, amaqembu amabhomu, kanye nabaqondisi bezinhlekelele zenhlekelele kuthunyelwa ekwandiseni izenzakalo zokudubula, izimo zokuthunjwa, nokunye ukusolwa kwezenzakalo zokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu. [FLT]] [Izimo ze-Virginia State Police [[FLT:]] [FLT]] iyisibonelo sezwe lokuphatha izinhlangano ezinqikelelwa phezulu, izenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlanganisa [[FLT] i-FLT]

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zibuye zixhumane namaphoyisa endawo, abaphathi-mikhosi, izinkonzo zosizo oluphuthumayo, kanye nabantu abasebenza nohulumeni phakathi nesigaba sokusabela. Isimiso sokuyala silandela i-National Incident Management Management System (NIMS), siqinisekisa ukuba abaphendulayo abahlukene basebenzisane.

Izinselele Ezingokomthetho Nezobujula

Ukugcinwa komthetho kahulumeni kubhekene nezithiyo ezikhethekile zomthetho. Ngokungafani ne-FBI, engaphenya ubuphekula basekhaya ngaphansi kwemithetho kahulumeni ephethe izigwebo ezinde, abaningi baveza ukuthi abanayo imithetho eqondile “yobuphekula bezobudoda”. Kunalokho, bathembela emithethweni evamile yobugebengu engokomthetho engokomthetho engekho-mthethweni njengokubulala, ukuhlasela, noma ubugebengu benzondo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuba uphendlobe, njengoba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuphekula kudinga ubufakazi obungaphezulu. Amanye amazwe, njengase-Oklama ngemva kokuqhushulwa kwebho, aye amisa imithetho yobuphekula, kodwa ayivamile.

Ukulinganisela phakathi kwenhlalayenza nenkululeko yomphakathi kulula kakhulu ezingeni lombuso. Izinhlangano zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi izindlela zazo zokuhlola aziphuli amalungelo abantu bokuqala noma amaqembu. Ukuhlola inkulumo ye-intanethi, izinhlangano ezingenayo, nokusebenzisa amanxusa angaphansi kwe-internet konke kunezingozi ezingokomthetho nezingokomthetho. I-Pricion eqoqayo nokwaziswa okuhlanganyelwayo kulawulwa yimithetho kahulumeni, iziqondiso zomnyango, nemithetho kahulumeni enjengemithetho ewukusongela nokuzisongela.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokwakha Ithemba

Ochwepheshe bezokumelana nezenzo zobuphekula bagcizelela ukubaluleka kobudlelwano bomphakathi. Izinhlangano zendawo .(___Iziko, izikole, izikhungo zempilo yengqondo, nezinhlangano zezinhlanga) ngokuvamile zingowokuqala ukuqaphela ukuguqulwa kwenqubo. Izinhlangano zoMbuso ziye zasungula izinhlelo zokufinyelela ukuze zakhe ukuthembana futhi zikhuthaze ukubika ukuziphatha okusolekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhulu zomphakathi zinezikhululo ezinikezelwe [umphakathi]“ Bona Into, Faga Intwana” [, eholwa yi-DHS, isetshenziswa ezingeni lenkonzo yomphakathi ngezahluleko nangomphakathi. Izinhlangano eziningana zamaphoyisa ezinikezelwayo ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo, imihlangano yezokuhlangana, nezesikole.

Nokho, ukwethembana akuqinile. Ukuminyaniswa kwemiphakathi emincane noma ukuqapha ngobudlova kungahlukanisa bona kanye abantu abangase banikeze amacebiso agxekayo. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni kumelwe zihambe kahle, zikhuthaze ukubambisana ngaphandle kokuhlazisa iqembu. Impumelelo yemizamo yokubophana yomphakathi ngokuvamile ilinganiswa ngenani lamacebiso athathwayo angenziwayo kanye nokungaphikiswa komthetho.

Ukuqeqesha Namaqembu Akhethekile

Ukusabela okuphumelelayo kudinga amakhono akhethekile. Izinhlangano zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zikahulumeni zinikela kakhulu ekuqeqesheni ukulwisana nobuphekula, ukuxoxisana ngezinkinga, ukuhlaziya ukuhlakanipha, nokuthatha isinyathelo sokudubula. Izikole eziningi zikahulumeni kanye nezikhungo zokuqeqesha zezifunda zinikeza izifundo zokuqaphela izikhombo eziyingozi, ukuqonda ubudlova obubangelwa yingqondo, nokuqondisa ngokusemthethweni. i-National Counterism Departism Center ne[FLT] FB'S] FI'S Ukuhlolwa kobuphiciso oluphambili lwezelelwe izikhulu ngezinhlelo ezinjenge-.

Izifundazwe eziningi ziye zasungula amaqoqo anikezelwe ukuxoxa nabantu abanonya. I-New York State Police Bureau of Criminal Investigation ihlanganisa i-Decondal Communic Procism esebenzayo ngoMnyango Wamaphoyisa waseNew York City. .FLORIDA Comment of Law Infroctivement [[FLL:]] isebenza i-Lorida Desection and Counterism Division Division. Lezi zilinganiso ngokuvamile zinegunya elisebenza ngezedlula imigqa yesifunda, elizivumela ukuba ziphishe amacala enqamlezayo eqeleneyo.

Ubuchwepheshe Nemininingwane

Uphenyo lwanamuhla lobuphekula luncike kakhulu ebubuchwephesheni. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisebenzisa imininingwane eveza indlela ezibhalwe ngayo emarekhodini obugebengu, ezezokuxhumana, nasemalungwini omphakathi. Abafundi belayisense, ama-compactive, ama-cell-seactive andisa ukuqapha kodwa futhi ziphakamisa izinkathazo zemfihlo. Izikhungo ze-fusion zisebenza njengezindawo zokuhlola ukwaziswa okunjalo lapho ziqinisekisa ukuvumelana nemithetho eyimfihlo. Ngokwesibonelo, [[FLT: 0] i-Colorado Information Antivity Center [[[FLT: 1]] isebenzisa isimiso se-software esibizwa incwadi yencwajana”[FLT][FL:]

Ukuhlola izenhlalo kuyinselele kakhulu. Ama-Platform anjenge-Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, ne-Parler aseyizindawo zokuzalela izinto eziyingozi. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zingaqondisa ngokomthetho izikhungo zomphakathi, kodwa ukulahlwa nokufakwa kwezindawo zamaqembu azimele kudinga iziqondiso zenkantolo noma imvume engokomthetho. [[FLT:]2019 ukudubula eSihlahleni sesinagoge sokuphila ePittsburgh kwabonisa ukuthi abasoleki babefake izinto eziqukethe i-antimitic kwimithombo yezokuxhumana; nakuba i-FBIccilling, iziphathimandla zendawo zingagunyazwanga ngokuphelele, ziqokomisa isidingo sokugeleza kokwaziswa okungcono.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Umthetho KaHulumeni Uyaphoqelelwa

Ukuqhumisa Kwedolobha LaseOklahoma (1995)

Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula kwasekhaya kwafa kakhulu eU.S. emhlabeni ngaphambi kuka-9/11, ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwe-Alfred P. Murah Federal Building kwenziwa uTimothy McVeigh, inqaba yasekhaya enezinkolelo ezimelene nohulumeni. IOklahoma Department of Public Safety ne-Oklahoma Highway Patrol yayiphakathi kwabathathi-mzam. Uphenyo olandelayo wahilela ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwe-Oklahoma State Bureaunity of Investigation, i-FBI, nezinhlangano zendawo. Ukuhlasela kwashukumisela u-Oklahoma ukuba asungule umthetho wobuphekula ubuphekula, futhi afake imali eqenjini yokuqeqesha i-Rhoma.

Ukuhlasela Kwase - United States Kwango - 2021

Uqhekeko lwangoJanuwari 6 lwahilela abahlanganyeli abavela kulo lonke izwe, abaningi babo abamiswa amaphoyisa kahulumeni njengoba babeya eWashington. Ngokwesibonelo, uMonana Highway Patrol baboshwa abantu abaningana ababesendleleni yokuphulwa kwezikhali. [izikhulu] iProfesi yaseZweni [[FLTLT:3] yahlola abathathi-mza. Isenzakalo sabonisa isidingo sezinhlangano zikahulumeni sokuhlanganyela ukwaziswa okungase kubekelwe izinsolo zokuhamba nokuhlangana neziphathimandla zikahulumeni phakathi kwezehlaka-ma. I-3 ye-60. I-60 yemithetho yombuso iye yasungula izikweleta yokuqinisa imithetho ngokumelene nobuphekulazi.

UPROFETHI Othumbayo Whitmer

Icebo lokuthumba uMbusi waseMichigan Gretchen Whitmer labhuntsha ngomzamo wesifunda esineminingi ohlanganisa Michigan State Police, FBI][, kanye nokugcinwa komthetho wendawo. Izithunywa zomthetho zangena eqenjini elibizwa ngokuthi “UMnyango." Icala laqokomisa indima yezinhlangano zikahulumeni ekuhloleni amaqembu alwanayo nokubambisana nemisebenzi kahulumeni. Yavusa nempikiswano ngokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi eyimfihlo nokuvikelwa komthetho, leyo mpikiswano yezomthetho kumelwe ingene ngokucophelela.

Izinselele Zokulinganisela Ukulondeka Nenkululeko Yangaphakathi

Izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zikahulumeni zisebenza endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi lapho zonke izenzo zicubungula umphakathi futhi zibhekene nenselele engokomthetho. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlola, izinhlelo zokuhlakanipha, nemithetho yokubikezela izinsongo kungaphikisana namalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu. Izinhlangano ze-American American Liberties Union (ACLU) ziye zaphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuhlangana kwezikhungo eziqoqa ukwaziswa okungalinganiyo kwezombangazwe, amaqembu enkolo, namaqembu amahlelo esizwe. Izinhlangano zoMbuso kumelwe zisebenzise ukuqondisa okunelisa, imibiko, imibiko, kanye nezimiso zokuhlola izibalo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi imizamo yazo ayidluli imikhawulo engokomthetho.

Enye inselele ukuqoqwa kwemitapo. Ubuphekula basekhaya yizinkinga ezibanzi zobugebengu. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zivame ukulwa nokulinganisela umsebenzi wokulwa nobuphekula neminye imisebenzi enjenge-operation, ukunqanda imilaliso, kanye nokugada okuvamile. Izifunda ezinamagebengu amancane zingathembela kakhulu ezinkokhelweni zikahulumeni noma emalungwini ahlangene ukuze zilondoloze amandla akhethekile. Fund yeSigubhu sokuthula

Iziqondiso Nezituso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugcinwa komthetho kahulumeni ekulweni nobuphekula basekhaya, kudingeka kuqashelwe izindawo eziningana eziyinhloko:

  • Expand Intelligence Fusion:[ Ithuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezikhungo zikahulumeni nezimiso zokuhlakanipha zikahulumeni kuyilapho ugcina izinqanda-mgamu. Khulisa ukubika okuvamile namathuluzi asebenzayo anqamule izifundazwe.
  • Ukuqeqeshela ukwandisa amaqoqo e-Extremist: nikeza izikhulu ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo ekuqapheleni izimpawu zokuzinza, kuhlanganise nokuziphatha kolwembu lwe-inthanethi, ukuthengwa kwezikhali, nezindlela zokuhamba. Uhulumeni we-livege uqeqeshelwe ukusukela e- FBI's Behaviotal Antivity unit[ kanye ne-ICP] i-Activebianism Center [.
  • I-Invest Offception efuze umphakathi: kuyizinhlelo zesivumelwano somphakathi ezithatha isikhathi eside ezakha ukwethembana futhi zinikeze izindlela eziphephile zokubika ukukhathazeka. Khuthaza ukuhlangana kokusebenza kwengqondo nochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo nabaholi bokholo.
  • [ Imithetho yaMasimu yanamuhla: Cabangela imithetho kahulumeni echaza ubuphekula basekhaya ngokucacile futhi inikeze izijeziso ezifanelekile, kuyilapho ihlanganisa amalungiselelo avikela inkululeko yomphakathi. Imithetho yesibonelo eMthethweni [ e-Uniformal Commission of the Ins ingase-wamukeleka.
  • I-Adopt Ethical Technology Use: Isungulela izimiso ezicacile zokusebenzisa ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa, izithako zokwaziswa, kanye nokuhlola imithombo yezokuxhumana. Ukuqinisekisa ukubheka njalo nokuqondisa okuzimele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kabi.
  • [[NTL: 0] I-Interance Colturation: Qhubekani futhi ninweba ukuhlanganyela emaButhweni oBuphekula obuhlangene kanye nezivumelwano zolwazi zesifunda ezinjenge- Law Infoctive Information Exchange (LX).

Ubuphekula basekhaya yinselele ephikelelayo edinga ukusabela okuphelele kombuso. Izinhlangano zomthetho eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zingomabili abalulekile kulomzamo. Ngokuzivumelanisa nokuvela kokusongela, ukuhlonipha amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo, nokubambisana ngokuphumelelayo nezindawo zomphakathi kanye nohulumeni, bangaqhubeka bevikela umphakathi ekuhlukunyezweni kobudlova obunamandla.

Isiphetho

Indima yezinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho ekusabeleni ekuhlaseleni ubuphekula basekhaya ibalulekile futhi iyakhula. Kusukela ekuphoqeleleni kokuhlakanipha nokusabela ngokungenwa komphakathi nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziletha ukusondelana okukhethekile namakhono ekulweni. Nokho, zisebenza phakathi kwemigoqo engokomthetho neyamakhokha efuna ukuthatha uhambo olucophelelayo. Njengoba ubuphekula basekhaya buqhubeka buguquka − − − ngokushintshashintshashintsha kwe- - Internet, ukuhlahlela kwezombangazwe, nokuphazamisa kwezenhlalo yezomthetho wesizwe kumele kuhlale kushesha, kukhanya, futhi kuqhubeke. Ukukhomba ngekhono nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isibopho sawo ezindaweni zaseMelika ziyohlala zikhona iminyaka eminingi.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngalendaba, bheka Isethulo sobuphekula be Homeland Security’s Homeland Homeland vuturalism ikhasi[, FBI’s Accobujolarism ikhasi[, kanye ne [[FLT:] Government Accocation Office imibiko yezezindawo zokuhlanganisa .[FLT]]