Isingeniso: Usizo Lwenhlekelele Yomhlaba Wonke

Lapho kugadla ukuzamazama komhlaba okuyinhlekelele, isiphepho senza ukuba kubhujiswe igebe, noma umqedazwe ukhungathekisa imingcele, igebe phakathi kokusinda nokucekela livame ukuxhomeke esivinini nasekusekeleni kwangaphandle. Usizo lwangaphandle (ukuhlanganisa izimali, ubuchwepheshe, imishini, nezisebenzi ezivela emazweni anikelayo, izinhlangano eziningi, kanye nezinhlangano ezingakhokhiwe zezezimali (eburhulumente) kulokhu kuwumnyombo obalulekile wokulawula inhlekelele yomhlaba wonke. Umnikelo wazo uhlanganisa wonke umjikelezo wenhlekelele: ngokufaka imali enciphisa ukuqina, ukuhlanganisa imithombo egciniwe phakathi nenkathi yokusabela okushesha, ukusekela ukululama nokuvusemuva.

Kulenkathi yezingozi eziyinkimbinkimbi nezivame kakhulu − inqubo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukushintsha kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, kanye nokungahleleki kwezezombangazwe − alikho izwe elingazivikela ngokuphelele enhlekeleleni. Usizo lwangaphandle lunikeza ubudlelwane obubodwa, ulwazi olukhethekile, kanye nobukhulu obungatholakali ezimisweni zezwe. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela usizo lwezizwe zonke oluqinisa ngayo kokubili ukulungiselelwa nokusabela, luqokomisa izindawo eziyinhloko zokusekela, luxoxa ngezinselele eziphikelelayo, futhi lugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuzinzisa, okuhambisana nomzamo wembulunga yonke.

Indlela Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Oluqinisa Ngayo Ukulungiselela Inhlekelele

I-World Bank ilinganisela ukuthi imali echithwayo ekulungiseleleni ibiza kakhulu kunokuthembela kuphela ekusizeni ngemva kwenkathi edlulile. I-World Bank ilinganisela ukuthi imali yonke esetshenziswa ekunciphiseni izingozi ingalondoloza amadollar amabili kuya kwayishumi ekulahlekelweni inhlekelele esikhathini esizayo. Izimali zosizo zakwamanye amazwe nobuchwepheshe ekwakheni izakhiwo, umzimba, kanye namakhono omphakathi enza ukuba imiphakathi ikwazi ukubheka, ukuthatha, nokuzivumelanisa nokushaqeka.

Izimiso Zokuxwayisa Ezisheshayo Nokuhlolwa Kwezingozi

Ukugadwa okuphambili kwezingozi nobuchwepheshe obuxwayisayo obusaqalayo − njengokuvumisa izikhukhula ezisekelwe esiphuphuthekini [1] iziteshi ezinamaqoqo, kanye neziphepho ezilandelanayo, kuvame ukudlula amazwe aphansi afikeyo. Ukusiza kwamanye amazwe kusekela ukuthunyelwa nokunakekelwa kwalezi zimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, i-World Meteorological Organization [ [UMQUT]] [[FLT:]] [2] U-MultrazardArtlet Expy Programme [ ithembele ekuxhaseni izimali ezinikelwayo ukuze ikwazi ukusiza izizwe ezisathuthukayo ukufinyelela isikhathi esine. Ngokufanayo, i-United Nations Developmentation Providement (UFP)[FFF:] isebenza ngengozi yokwakha imposaziwayo ye-pagendsss ukuze kusungulwe i-pageodssssss ezakhiwe namathuluzi zezekethensituase. Izekethensi, izixwayod

Iziqondiso Zokuhlala

Usizo lwangaphandle ngokuvamile lusekela imali yokwakha noma yokulungisa izakhiwo ezibucayi eziklanyelwe ukumelana nezingozi zemvelo. Izibonelo zihlanganisa:

  • ukuzivikela komoya: Ileves eziphakeme, izimiso zokukhipha amanzi, kanye nezitsha ezigcinwe ezindaweni ezigcwele ukhukhula njengeBangladesh neMekong Delta.
  • Izikhungo zokukhosela ezimelene nokuzamazama komhlaba: Izikhungo zokuthutha eziyinjongo eziphindaphindeka kabili njengezikole noma amahholo omphakathi, ezakhelwe izinga lokuzamazama komhlaba eNepal ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba ngo-2015.
  • Izimiso zokuhlanganisa: Ukubuyisela, kuvithize izimiso zokuxhumana ezihlala zisebenza lapho imishini evamile ihluleka]. I-Agency ye-International Development (USAID).
  • [[UMTL:0] Isakhiwo sesimiso sokukhuculula indle: ivikela imithombo nezimiso ezinamapayipi ezivimbela ukuqubuka kwezifo ezihamba emanzini ngemva kwenhlekelele.

Ukuqeqesha, Ukuvuvukala, Nokwakha Izakhiwo Eziphambili

Ukulungiselela akukona nje ukuhlanganisa i-exchange; kudinga abantu abanekhono nezikhungo eziphumelelayo. Izinhlelo zosizo zamazwe angaphandle zisebenza kakhulu ekuqeqesheni abaphathi bendawo ababhekene nezinhlekelele, abaphendulayo bokuqala, nezisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi. International of Red Cross ne Red Crescent Societies [IFLC] iqhuba inqubo yokuhloba okuhlola ukusabela kwenhlekelele kwezwe, ikhomba amagebe ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Amazwe akhona aphinde athole abaphathi bezemishini yezempathiwe ukuze asize inqubo yokulungisa imidlalo esemthethweni, ukusungula iziteshishi ze-micimbiso ye-data esheshayo edinga ukuhlolwa.

Izindlela ezisekelwe eziyingozi zokunciphisa izingozi ze-Community , ezixhaswe yizisebenzi ezinikela ngezimali kanye neziningi ezifana ne- World Bank World Facial for Disaster Reduction and Recorection [, ziqeqeshe izisebenzi zokuzithandela zendawo osizo lokuqala, zifune futhi zisize, futhi zidlulisele isixwayiso ngokushesha. Lezizisebenzi zokuzithandela ziba umugqa wokuqala wesivikelo ezindaweni ezikude lapho abaphendula ngolwazi bengase bathathe khona amahora amaningi noma izinsuku ukufika.

Imikhankaso Yokuqaphela Umphakathi Nemfundo

Ulwazi lusindisa ukuphila. Usizo lwangaphandle lusekela imikhankaso emikhulu yemedia, yesikole, nezindawo zomphakathi ezifundisa abantu ukubona izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, indawo yokusuka, nendlela yokuhlanganisa amathuluzi aphuthumayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-USAID’s Office yase-U.Freign Disaster Confect isekela imikhankaso yokuzamazama komhlaba elungiselelwe esifundeni sase-Andean esebenzisa izilimi zendawo kanye nokubhala okuhlobene namasiko. Imizamo enjalo yokuguqula i-USAPTY i-FLTY iqinisekisa ukuthi uma kugadla inhlekelele, abantu bazi kahle ukuthi yini okufanele bayenze.

Indima Yosizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Ekusabeleni Enhlekeleleni

Uma inhlekelele idlula amakhono endawo (amandla akhona) kungaba ngenxa yesilinganiso, ijubane, noma imithombo elinganiselwe. Izwe lonke liyasiza ngokunikeza izidingo ezisheshayo: ukudla, amanzi ahlanzekile, indawo yokukhosela, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, nesivikelo. Kodwa ukusabela okuphumelelayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokuthumela nje impahla. Kuhilela ukuqondisa, ukubambisana, ukuhlonipha ubuholi bendawo, nokunamathela ezimisweni zokusiza abantu.

Ukukhululeka Okusheshayo: Izindawo Zokusindisa Ukuphila Nemisebenzi

Emahoreni okuqala nasezinsuku, izinhlangano zosizo zihlela izinqolobane ezibekwe phambili zezimpahla eziphuthumayo. IZizwe Ezihlangene ezihlangene zifuna uRefection Depot (UNHRD), ziphethwe yiWorld Food Programme, zigcina izinqubo zokusungula ezisebenzayo ezisendaweni enjenge Dubai, Panama, neGhana. Ngamahora angu-24 esicelo, izinto ezinjengezinto zezempilo, ipulasitiki, izibhebhebhe zokuhlambulula amanzi, nokudla kokwelapha kungathuthelwa enhlekeleleni.

Usizo lwangaphandle lunikeza izisebenzi ezikhethekile. I-Apply 31:andscularescue amaqembu avela emazweni anjengeJapane, iSwitzerland, ne-United States aletha imishini emikhulu yokuphakamisa kanye nezinja ukuze athole abasindile abavalelwe emfucumfucwini. Amaqembu ezokwelapha [1] uMédecins Sans Frontières (Ii-Dactors ezingenamidangetho)[[FLT]] [[FLT]] [1] Izindawo zokudlela lapho izakhiwo zezempilo zendawo zibhujiswa. Ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo kochwepheshe bezinhlangano ezinjenge [[FLT] Clute [[FLT] [FLT] [3] [ection Programme] [ezeN]) iqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhululeka okuhle kugeleza phakathi kwezikhumulo zezindiza, izikhumulo, nemigwaqo.

Ukubambisana Nokwakhiwa Kobuntu

Izinhlekelele zidala isiphithiphithi. Abadlali abaningi . babangela isiphithiphithi. Ihhovisi le Nhlangano yezenhlalakahle, izinhlangano zeUN, i-NGOS, izinkampani zempi, izinkampani ezizimele , zizama ukusiza kanyekanye. Ngaphandle kokubambisana, imithombo ingalinganiswa noma ingabikelwa kabi. Izimali zosizo kwamanye amazwe zingalinganiswa ngezindlela zokuqondisa ukuhleleka kwalokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukusabela okubangelwa yinhlangano enikeza usizo nge-cealcium (g., impilo, indawo yokukhosela, isivikelo, isivikelo). Iqembu ngalinye linenhlangano elungisa izindinganiso, izikhala ezihlanganiwe, futhi kuboniswe izidingo.

Ohulumeni abaphethe bahlanganisa izingqungquthela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqongelelwe izimali namasu avumelanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba kwaseHaiti ngo - 2010, umphakathi womhlaba wonke wasiza izigidigidi zezigidi. Nakuba ukusabela kwaba namaphutha amakhulu (kungabhekiswe ngezansi), ekugcineni isimiso sokubambisana saqala saba izindlela eziqondene kakhudlwana nezilula.

Ukutadisha Indaba: Isiphepho i - Idai (Mozambique, 2019)

Isiphepho i - Idai sasingesinye seziphepho ezibhubhisa kakhulu eNingizimu Nenkabazwe, sibulala abantu abangaphezu kuka - 1 300 futhi sithinta izigidi kulo lonke elaseMozambique, eZimbabwe naseMalawi.

  • [ Ukufuna nokuhlenga: AmaHelicopter aseNingizimu Afrika, i-UK, neUN Humanitarian Air Service athutha abantu abavaleleke ophahleni nasemithini.
  • [[[INDA] Indawo yokukhosela ephephile namanzi:[[FL:1] U-IRC nezinye izinhlangano zabela amaseyila, amajirrycan, kanye namabhokisi okuvimbela ikholera.
  • [[NT.0] Isikhanyiso sobungozi: Inhlangano yempilo yomhlaba wonke ivule imithola-mpilo ehambayo namaqembu ahlola ukuhlasela komzimba ukuze ikwazi ukuqubuka kwekholera.
  • Ukululama kwezolimo: FAO yanikeza imbewu, amathuluzi, nokuqeqeshwa kokusiza abalimi ukuba batshale amasimu ngemva kokucekelwa phansi.

Ukusabela kwabonisa indlela usizo lwangaphandle olungakhuphuka ngayo ngokushesha lapho kusekhona ukuhlangana kwangaphambi kokuba kuvele.

Izinselele Nezigebe Ezikhona Ekuqondiseni Inhlekelele Kwakwamanye Amazwe

Naphezu kwethuba lokusinda, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lokulungiselela inhlekelele nokusabela alulona ikhambi. izinselele ezibucayi zisalokhu zidingeka ukuze usizo luphumelele, lulinganiswe futhi lusekelwe.

Ukuvumelana Nemibono Nezithiyo

Ukuthola usizo kubantu abaludinga kakhulu ngokuvamile kuyingxenye enzima kakhulu yokusabela. Izakhiwo ezidaliweyo, ukungalondeki, izithiyo ze-bureaucratic, nokonakala kungabambezela noma kuphambukise izinto. Ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu nokwembulwa kwezwe eNepal ngo 2015, imigwaqo emikhulu nemisele evalekile yavinjwa, iphoqelela ukuba izinto zosizo zithuthwe ngabathwali bemikhumbi nezilwane. Izinhlangano zosizo zakwamanye amazwe kumelwe zifake imali ekulindeleni imishini yokulungisa, ukwakha izivumelwano nabathuthi bezindawo zokuthutha, futhi zisebenzise izindlela ezintsha ezinjengokuthutha amasampula empilo.

Ukucindezelwa Kwezombangazwe Nokulondeka

Izinhlekelele azenzeki ezimpini. Ezifundeni zezimpi, amaloli osizo angahlaselwa, aphangwe, noma avinjelwe amaqembu alwayo. Izimiso zobuzwe zokungathathi hlangothi, ukungakhethi, nokuzimela zivame ukuvivinywa. Ukusiza kwamanye amazwe kungaphehla amandla uma imithombo ithunjwa amaqembu ahlomile noma uma ukusakaza usizo kudala izingxabano phakathi kwemiphakathi. Abani namalungu amaqembu kumelwe baqhube izingxabano eziqinile futhi baxoxe ngokufuna ukufinyelela kobuntu okusekelwe ekusweleni, hhayi ekuhlelekeni kwezombangazwe.

Ingozi Yokuzivumelanisa Nezinto Zomuntu Nezinga Elifanele

Usizo olunikeza ngokuphindaphindiwe izixazululo ezilungiselelwe ngaphandle kokwakha amakhono ezwe angalimaza izimiso zokuphatha inhlekelele. Uma abadlali bangaphandle bethatha impendulo, iziphathimandla zezwe zingalahlekelwa ithuba lokusebenzisa nokuthuthukisa amakhono azo. Ukugwema ukuthembela, usizo lwangaphandle kufanele luklanyelwe ukuphelelisa, hhayi ukubuyisela, imizamo yendawo. Lokhu kusho ukutshala imali ekuqeqesheni, ukudlulisela ubuchwepheshe, futhi kancane kancane ukuguqula ukuhola kwezindawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kwe-Indiyan Ocean tsunami, i- iBank ne[FLT:] [FLT:] [FLD] [FLT:] [[FLT]] uhulumeni we-Indonesia ufaka amandla ayo okulawula inhlekelele (BBB).

Ukuhluleka Kokubambisana Nokusebenzisana

Naphezu kwesimiso samaqoqo, ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwezimiso zomphakathi kwenzeka. Izinhlangano eziningi zingajaha ukulungiselela inkonzo efanayo (umz., imitholampilo emincane endaweni eyodwa) kuyilapho zinganaki eminye (umzk., isivikelo sendleko noma sabesifazane). Inani elandayo lezemidlalo yezemidlalo (kuhlanganise nezisebenzi zobusosha ezizimele, amabhizinisi eChina embonini, kanye namaqembu e-diaspora mentations systructructives. Izisebenzi zangaphandle zingathuthukisa ukulandisa ngokuphikelela ekubikeni izindinganiso ezivamile, idinga izinqumo ezihlangeneyo, nokusebenzisa i-transporting shoding shorting shorts shorters shorting [FTS] [FLTS][FLTS]]

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nezinhlekelele Ezandayo

Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kukhula, ukukhula kokwanda nobukhulu bezingozi ezingokwemvelo. Isilinganiso esifanayo sosizo lwangaphandle manje kumelwe sibhekane kaningi, izinhlekelele ezihlanekezelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhalo sezenhlalakahle yomphakathi ngo-2024, sicela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R55 ukuze sisize abantu abayizigidi ezingama-300 (isibalo esishaqisayo esedlula kakade imithombo ekhona. Usizo lwangaphandle ngeke lukwazi ukugcina ijubane uma luqhubeka. Ukushintsha okuyisisekelo lokuhlela isenzo sokulindela ("ukuyekethisa) okusekelwe ekubikezelweni kwenhlekelele, kunokuba kulindele ukuba yenzeke. IBHANGENKA] yeSikhuthazo se-DSPUMT. [FLT: 1]]

Ukwakha Amandla Endaweni Okunakekela Inhlekelele Engantengantengi

Umgomo othatha isikhathi eside wosizo lwakwamanye amazwe kulengxenye kufanele ube ukuzifaka ngokuqhubekayo. Lokho kudinga ukugxila ngamabomu ekuqiniseni amakhono abadlali besizwe nawendawo: ohulumeni, umphakathi, izikhundla zomuntu siqu, nemiphakathi ngokwayo.

Isakhiwo esiphambili sidlulela ngalé kwezifundo zokuqeqesha. Kuhlanganisa nokusekela ukuxhasa izingozi zenhlekelele yesizwe (umz., amadamu omshuwalense, izimali zokukhokha) nokusiza amazwe ukuba athuthukise amalungiselelo awo siqu ahambisana nezimiso zezizwe njenge iFrameaw for Disaster Reduction 2015[FU30]. Kuhlanganisa futhi ukunika abesifazane bendawo kanye nabantu abakhubazekile amandla okuhlanganyela ngokugcwele ekufezeni izinqumo, njengoba ngokuvamile bethwala inhlekelele kodwa bengahlelwangahlelwanga.

Isibonelo esikhuthazayo yi-Catastrophe Risk Assessment ne-Financing Initiative (PRAFI), ubudlelwane phakathi kwe World Bank, i-Asian Development Bank, neziqhingi zasePacific. Ngokusekela kosizo lweminikelo, iPCRAFI inikeza umshuwalense we-parametric ophuma ngokuzenzekelayo lapho isiphepho noma ukuzamazama komhlaba kufinyelela emnyango othile. Lokhu kunikeza ngokushesha, izimali ezingancintisiswanga imali ukuze kuthelelwe izindleko zesimo esiphuthumayo ngaphandle kokulinda izivumelwano. Uhlelo luthumela izingozi ezivela emazweni asengozini ezindaweni ezisengozini zezentengiselwano zemali futhi lubonisa indlela yokusiza kwamanye amazwe, izindlela ezizinziwayo ezizinziwayo.

Isiphetho: Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokuhlanganyela Ezweni Elilondekile

Ingxenye yosizo kwamanye amazwe ekulungiseleleni inhlekelele futhi ukusabela kuyindida ebanzi futhi ehlukahlukene. Ikhokha izinhlelo ezixwayisayo zokuqala ezenza imiphakathi iphume amahora ayigugu, yakha isisekelo esimelana neziphepho, iqeqeshe abaphendulayo bendawo abajahayo engozini, futhi inikeze impumuzo esheshayo esindisa ukuphila ngemva kwenhlekelele. Nokho, ukusebenza kwalolusizo kuxhomeke ekuklanyweni okunengqondo: kumelwe kuhlanganiswe, umongo uzwelane, futhi ugxile entuthukweni wesikhathi eside kunasentuthulweni esabalele.

Njengoba izingozi zikhula ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zixhumene, umphakathi wezizwe zonke kumelwe ujulise ukutshala kwawo izimali ekuvimbeleni nasekulungiseleleni, wamukeleni isinyathelo esisha sokusekela izimali kanye nokuzilungiselela, futhi usekele izimiso zokusiza umphakathi ezenza ithuluzi lobunye. Ukuqinisa inhlekelele akuyona nje imfuneko edingekile engokokuziphatha, kodwa kuwukutshala okuwukuhlakanipha okunciphisa ukuhlupheka nokulahlekelwa okungokomnotho esikhathini esizayo. Ngokusebenza ndawonye, abanikeli, ohulumeni, nemiphakathi kungakha izwe lapho usizo lwangaphandle luba yisikwethemba esiqinile, hhayi isivikelo esihlala njalo.