Sekuyisikhathi eside usizo lwamazwe angaphandle luyisisekelo semizamo yomhlaba wonke yokuthuthukisa imiphumela yempilo emazweni athola imali ephansi naphakathi. Ngokuqondisa izimali, ubuchwepheshe, nokusekela kobuchwepheshe, nokusekela kwezezimali ezindaweni ezinqamule imingcele, izizwe ezinikelayo nezinhlangano eziningi zisiza ekusingatheni izinselele zempilo okungekho zwe elilodwa elingazisingatha. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela lezi zimo eziphumelela ngayo: izigidi zabantu ezisindayo, imithwalo yezifo encitshisiwe, nezimiso zempilo eziqinisiwe. Kodwa indawo yosizo lwembulunga yonke iyinkimbinkimbi, ingoko ngokwezombangazwe, intengiselwano ethinta isimo sempilo yomphakathi, kanye nokulungisa izingozi zempilo yomphakathi. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela lezi zindawo zosizo ezithuthukisiwe ngayo: izingozi zembulunga yonke, izinselele eziqhubekayo, izinselele eziqhubekayo, nezimiso zempilo eziqinisiwe.

Umlando Wosizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Empilweni

Isimiso sosizo lwembulunga yonke sembulunga yonke saqala ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho kusungulwa izinhlangano ezinjenge - World Health Organization (WHO) ne-World Bank. Imizamo yangaphambili yagxila ekulweni nezifo ezithathelwanayo njengomalaleveva, i-Yaws, nengxibongo emikhankasweni emikhulu. ISivumelwano se-Alma-Ata esiphathelene nezempilo yembulunga yonke saphawula inkathi eshintshashintshayo, igcizelela impilo yomuntu njengelungelo eliyisisekelo nesidingo sokufinyelela ngokulinganayo. Amashumi eminyaka amashumi eminyaka azibonela ukunyuka kwezinhlelo zembulunga yonke ezihloselwe, kuhlanganise ne-Droommunment on Immazation kanye nokulwa kwembulunga yonke negciwane lengculaza. Ukumiswa kwe - Globallands Fund yokulwa nengculaza i-Inglitem, i-Gafection eGavi ngo-2002000, i-Vaccine imele inkathi entsha yemiphumela emisha, ukuhlangana komphakathi kuqhubeke nokuphumelela kwempilo.

Imishini Eyinhloko Yosizo Lwempilo

Usizo lwempilo kwamanye amazwe luhamba ngezindlela eziningana, ngalinye linezici eziqinile nezilinganiselwe. I-Biteradal insizalo ehlukene. .Ivumela amazwe anikelayo ukuba axhumane ngokusekelana nemisebenzi yawo ehleliwe futhi agcine ukuqondisa okuseduze. Usizo lwezingxenye eziningi, oluhlanganiswe ngezinhlangano ezinjengeWHO, i-UNICEF, i-World Bank, ne-Global Fund, yenza ukuba kukwazi ukuhlanganisa iziphetho nokunciphisa inzuzo. Izinhlangano ezingakhonziwa ngemishini (NGOS), kanye nophilothilopic, njengoba nje uBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, kunikeza ukuvumelana nokuthuthukisa, ngokuvamile ukungenela kokuhambela okushasha okusha kamuva kohulumeni. Imiyalo yeze, njengentlawulo oluphansi oluphansi (IPCIPIP), ikhulula futhi izinhlangano zempilo emakhaya ukuze kucande kahle.

Ukuya Ezindaweni Eziningi

Izinhlelo ze-Bidateader zingasabela kakhulu ekunikezeni izinto eziza kuqala kodwa zibangele ukuhlukana kwezesayensi yegazi uma zingahambisani namaqhinga ezwe okuthola ingculaza. Nokho, i-Emergency Plan ye-AIDS (PEFAR), eqanjwe ngo-2003, ingenye yezindlela zempilo eziphumelela kakhulu ezikhona. I-Epanetic Plan i-Emergency for AIDS Relation (PEPFAR), isindisa ukuphila kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25 futhi ishintshe ukunakekelwa kwe-HIV. Kodwa ukusondela kukaPEPFAR kuye kwagxila ekwakheni kwesimiso sempilo esibheke phambili ngezinye izikhathi. Ngokungafani, i-minye i-mikhankambi yezwe, igcizelela ubuni kanye nokubambisana. I-Global Fund, ifuna ukuba amazwe ahole umklamo yawo yokuhlolwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umphakathi uhlala phansi kwesihlalo setafula. Ukungena kwayo kuyimfuneko, kodwa ukuhlangabezana nenselele.

Izindawo Zomkhomo Ezinethonya

Usizo lwangaphandle luthinta cishe zonke izici zempilo yembulunga yonke, kusukela ekuvimbeleni izifo ezithathelwanayo kuya ekuqiniseni izimiso zezempilo nasekubhekaneni nezimo eziphuthumayo. Ngezansi kunezici eziyinhloko lapho usizo luye lwaletha khona imiphumela engcono.

Ukunciphisa Izifo Ezithathelwanayo

Izifo ezithathelwanayo zihlasela ngokungenakulinganiswa inani labantu emazweni angenayo. Izinhlelo zosizo ziye zanciphisa kakhulu ukufa kwegciwane lengculaza, isifo sofuba, nomalaleveva. Phakathi kuka- 2000 no-2022, ukufa kukamalaleveva embulungeni yonke kwancipha ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangama-30%, ngenxa yokuhlinzwa kwezibulala - zinambuzane, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, kanye nokuncishiswa kwemikhakha esekelwe ezindaweni zomphakathi. Ngokufanayo, ukuncipha kwesifo sofuba kwancipha ngekhulu lengxenye phakathi nenkathi efanayo, ngenxa ye-Stoma TB intergatep ne - Global Fund. Ukulwa nezifo zezindawo ezishintshwayo (NTD) ezithathelwayo, njenge-flaritia, i-occhorcias, ne-scomias , kanye ne-schiase-odromess) ezisekelwe yi-emplection [FF:[1]

Ukugoma Nokugoma

Ukugoma kungenye yezimo ezibiza kakhulu. UGavi, i-Vaccine Alliance, uye wasiza ekugonyeni izingane ezingaphezu kwe-1.1 bhiliyoni kusukela ngo 2000, ukuvimbela ukufa okulinganiselwa ezigidi ezingu-17. Ukugoma kwezimali kwamanye amazwe okungasetshenziswa, ukunciphiswa kwemijovo ebandayo, nokuncishiswa komphakathi. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOVAID-19, i-COVAX-stylet nguGavi, i-WHO, kanye no-Coalition for Expiclebration Indingtion (CEPI).

Izimiso Zempilo Ziqinisa

Izinhlelo zezifo eziqondene nezifo, nakuba zisindisa ukuphila, zingahlukanisa izimiso zezempilo ngaphandle kokuba zizifakele ngamabomu ezisekelweni zezemfundo, izisebenzi, futhi zilawule. Izinhlelo eziningi zosizo manje zihlanganisa izakhi zempilo eziqinisayo: ukwakha amagumbi okuhlola, ukuqeqesha izisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi, ukuthuthukisa amaketanga okunikezwa, nokuqinisa izimiso zempilo. Isimiso sempilo se World Bank [Pendetic Fund] [, esungulwe ngo-20222], inikeza imvume yokuqinisa ukuhleleka komlibo kanye nezimiso zezempilo emazweni aphansi naphakathi atholakele. Isimiso sezempilo esisebenza kahle asisabeli nje kuphela ezinsongweni eziyingozi kodwa futhi sidlulisa ukunakekela okungokwesiqhelo, kusukela kwezempilo kumakhambi ukuze kuqondiswe izifo ezimahlala njalo.

Impilo Yezingane, Ingane Esanda Kuzalwa

Ukunciphisa ukufa kwabantwana nomama kuseyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emtholampilo wembulunga yonke. Izinhlelo ezisekelwa yi-UNICEF, i-UN Population Fund (UNFPA), kanye nezisebenzi ezinikela nge-binateadal ziye zakhuthaza ukuba khona kwamakhono okuzala, ukunakekelwa kwezingane, nokuhambela kobudokotela kwangemva kokubeletha. I-Global Finansimfality Facial (GFF), exhaswe yi-World Bank, i-projected esetshenziselwa imithombo yasekhaya, i-UN Population Fund (UNFPA), i-UNFPA, nempilo yomntwana, nentsha ewunyaka ephakathi kweshumi namashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Naphezu kwesilinganiso sokufa kuka-3% kuya ku-2020% i-Saharan Africa, kusalokhu kusenezindaba zokufa kwabantwana ngenxa yokuzala okuqhubekayo, okubangelwa yisidingo sokukhiqiniswa kwemali emalini.

Ukuqeqesha Nokuthuthuka Kwezisebenzi Ezisebenza Empilweni

Isimiso sezempilo sinamandla kuphela njengabantu baso. Isimiso sezempilo samazwe angaphandle sisekela imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kodokotela, abahlengikazi, ababelethisi, nezisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi. Izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medical Education Partneridative (MEPI) nomkhankaso wokuNcilisa manje zisize ekwakheni amandla endawo. Emazweni amaningi angenayo, izisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi zinomgogodla wokunakekela okuyinhloko, ukugoma, ukwelapha ngomalaleveva, nemfundo yezempilo. Ukutshala ekuqeqesheni kwabo, ukuqondisa, nokubuyisela i-Renationtion kudingekile ukuze kuqhubeke intuthuko empilweni yempilo. I-WHOSMbali yembulunga yezentengiselwano yezempilo elungiselelwe ukulinganisela okufinyeliswa kwezisebenzi eziyizigidi eziyishumi zempilo ngo-2030, ukwenza ukuthuthuka okubucayi kwezehlakalo lwezemisebenzi ukuze zisize.

Ukulungiselela I - pandemic Nokulondeka Kwempilo

Isifo se-COVOID-19 esidalula ubuthakathaka kwezempilo yembulunga yonke. Usizo lwangaphandle luqondiswe kakhulu ekuvimbeleni, ekutholeni, nasekusabeleni ekuqubukeni kwesikhathi esizayo. I-International Health Digional (IHR) idinga amazwe ukuba alondoloze amakhono angaphakathi okuhlola, ukuhlola kokucwaninga, nokusabela okuphuthumayo. Amadollar asekela lemizamo ngeNkathi Ye-WHO ye-Emertication for Emeticmentation, i-Pandemic Fund, nezinhlelo zezempilo. Ukuqinisa ukulondeka kwempilo akuvikeli nje kuphela imiphakathi ephumayo kodwa futhi kwakha nokuzinziwa kwezinhlekelele eziphazamisa ezinye, njengezinhlekelele zemvelo. [[FLD:0]. CDC ye-Global Health Agen AFLD [5]

Ukulinganisa Ukuphumelela Kosizo Lwempilo

Ukukhetha ukuthi usizo lwangaphandle lufeza imiphumela ehloselwe ukubhekana nokufunda kubalulekile ekuhlolweni nasekufundweni. Ukuhlola okungahleleki, ukulingwa, nokuqoqwa kokwaziswa okuvamile kusiza ekuthuthukeni kwezimpawu ezifana nokufa kwabantu abangaphansi kwesihlanu, ukugonyelwa, nokuqubuka kwezifo. INhlangano yeHealth Metrics ne-Vetation (IHME) ne-WHO iveza izinqumo ezivamile zosizo lwempilo zihamba kanye nemiphumela yayo. Nakuba izinhlelo eziningi zibonisa izinzuzo ezicacile, ukunikeza inzinyana okunzima ngokuba khona kwemidlalo eminingi nezindlela zokubulala. Izindlela zokuhlola ezibonisa ukucaca, njenge-International Effective Reservation Irection (ITATIONCE), injongo yokusiza ukuba ulwazi lutholakale futhi lufane. Ukuhlola okukhulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi imithombo i-R.

Izindaba Nobufakazi Obuye Baphumelela

Izinhlelo eziningi ezinkulu ziye zahlolwa kakhulu. Imali yeGlobal Fund ilinganiselwa ukuthi yasindisa ukuphila kwezigidi ezingu-59 ekupheleni ko-2023. I-PEPFAR ifakazelwe kahle, njengoba ukuhlola kubonisa ukwehla kwamashumi amathandathu% kubantu abafa nengculaza emazweni ahlobene nengculaza phakathi kuka-2004 no-2020. Izinhlelo zokugoma zikaGavi ziye zavimbela izigidi zabantu futhi zaveza ukubuya kwezomnotho izikhathi ezingu-55. Lezi zindaba zempumelelo zibonisa ukuthi ukufa okuhambisana kahle, usizo lwempilo oluxhaswe ngokufanelekile kungaveza imiphumela engavamile. Futhi ziqokomisa ukubaluleka kokuzinikela okude phakathi nonyaka ka-202020. Izinhlelo zokugoma iGavi ziye zavimbela ukuguquka komphumela ofanayo.

Izinselele Nokugxeka

Naphezu kokuphumelela kwayo, usizo lwempilo oluvela kwamanye amazwe lubhekene nezinselele eziphikelelayo.

Usizo Nokuzinza

Abanye abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi usizo lwesikhathi eside lungadala ukuqoqwa kwemicebo edumazayo nokunciphisa ukulandisa kwendawo. Uma usizo lugeleza ngokungalindelekile, ohulumeni abamukelayo bangalwa kanzima ukuze bahlele futhi basekele izinhlelo. Ukuhamba bebhekise ezweni kulelozwe .Nxa ohulumeni bezwe bahola ekubekeni futhi basebenzise u-(amaimims) ukuze baxazulule lendaba. Nokho, ukwakha indawo edinga izimali kanye nekhono lokuthatha indawo yokusekela iminikelo kudinga isikhathi nentando yentando ye-zombangazwe. Umqondo “ukwethula” okwenziwe ngosizo, njengoba kubonakala emazweni anjengeBotswana ne-Vietnam, kubonisa ukuthi ukutshala izimali okuqhubekayo kuhlangene nezimiso zokushaya umsindo ekugcineni kunganciphisa ukuthembela kosizo lwangaphandle.

Ukuchitha Izindawo Nokuhlukana

Izithakazelo zomnikazi azivumelani njalo nezidingo zokwamukelwa. Izimali zingaqondiswa ezifweni eziphezulu ezisendabeni noma ezihlonishwe ngokwezombangazwe kuyilapho zidebesela izindawo ezibalulekile njengezisebenzi zezempilo noma izifo ezingathatheki (NCDs). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwezinhlelo ezimile kungahlukanisa izimiso zempilo, ziphambukise izisebenzi nezimali ezihlukene. Izimiso zokusebenza ngokubambisana, njengamapulani esizwe empilo namalungiselelo ezimali. I-Abuja Declaration, lapho amazwe ase-Afrika Union ezinikele khona ekusebenziseni imali yezwe ekunikezeleni i-transferment permics, ahlala eyibhodi yemali ebhayisekile yokuthenga imali esekhaya, kodwa ambalwa aye aphumelela.

Ukuqashelwa Kwesiko Nendlela Yokubhala

Ukungenela kwempilo okungayinaki imikhuba yendawo yamasiko, amandla, noma izakhiwo zamandla ngokuvamile kuyahluleka. Ngokwesibonelo, imizamo yokunciphisa ukufa komama kumelwe ilungise izithiyo ezinjengezokuzenzela abesifazane izinqumo, ukukwazi ukuzilawula, ukukwazi ukuhamba nokuthembela ezikhungweni zezempilo. Ukubophana komphakathi, umklamo wokuzibandakanya, kanye nokubambisana nezinhlangano zendawo kuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza nolwamukeleka. Ukwehluleka kweminye imikhankaso ephezulu, inzuzo eyodwa ephezulu, ukunciphisa yonke isilinganiso somzimba womuntu, ukukwazi ukukwazi ukubhekana nezindlela zokuhamba nokuthobeka ezinhlalisanayo. Ngokwesiko kuthinta ulwazi lwendawo lapho kuveza ubufakazi obusekelwe ekwakhelweni.

Indima Ekhulayo Yabavikeli Abangahleli

I-Philanthropic izisekelo zezezidakamizwa, izinhlangano ezizimele, nezinhlangano ezingazuzisi ziye zaba abadlali abakhulu empilweni yembulunga yonke. I-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation iyodwa yafakelwa ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7 zempilo yembulunga yonke ngo-2022. Izinhlangano ze-Corporate, njengalezo ezinezinkampani ezithaka imithi zeminikelo yezidakamizwa, futhi zinikela. I-NCOGNS njengezingodokotela ezingenawo uMdanso, i-Odlisane eMpilweni, ne-BRAC zisebenza ezimweni eziyinseleleko, lapho ohulumeni bengakwazi khona ukunakekelwa. Nakuba lezi ziletha izinselele nokuthuthukiswa kwazo, kudala izinselele. Ukukhula kwemiphumela yezentengo yezentengo yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano engokwezentengiselwano yezentengo yezentengo yezentengo yezentengiselwano engokwezentengo. Ukuhlela amandla nobuthakathaka kwabadlali abahlukahlukene kudinga ukubusa kanye nokubonakala.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Eziphawulekayo: Izifo Ezingadambi Izifo, Impilo Yengqondo, Nokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

Izinhlelo zempilo zembulunga yonke ziyanda ngaphezu kokugxila kwazo ezifweni ezithathelwanayo nasempilweni yomntwana obelethiweyo. Izifo ezingathatheki njengesifo semithambo yegazi, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, kanye nezifo zokuphefumula (manje zibangela ukufa okungaphezulu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa% emhlabeni wonke, nomthwalo okhulayo emazweni aphansi naphakathi afikayo. Usizo lwezinye izindawo oluvela kwamanye amazwe luhlala lulinganiselwe, kubangele ukuthi ku-2% kuphela usizo lwentuthuko empilweni yempilo. Ukubhekisha i-NCD ukuze kuqaliswe futhi kukhuliswe ukulawulwa kukagwayi, ukudla okunempilo, nokusebenza ngokomzimba kuyizindawo lapho usizo lwengqondo lungashintsha khona imiphumela. Ngokufanayo, impilo yengqondo ihlala ikhona naphezu kokuhlupheka okukhulu okubangelwa ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, nokukhungatheka. I-WHOMES ekhethekile yempilo yempilo yempilo ye-Mel CD ukuze ithole isidingo esikhulu kakhulu emazweni adinga ukunakekelwa.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuya kwaziwa kakhulu njengosongo olubangelwa yimpilo. Ukunyuka kwamazinga okushisa, izenzakalo zesimo sezulu esibi, kanye nezinhlangothi ezishintshashintshayo zezifo kuthinta ukulondeka kokudla, amazinga amanzi, kanye nezindlela zezifo ezithathelwanayo. Usizo lwezempilo kumelwe luzivumelanise ngokusekela izimiso zempilo ezishintshashintshashintshayo, izimiso zokuxwayisa ukuqubuka, nokucwaninga ngezindlela zokuzivumelanisa. Umkhankaso we-WHO Upheme Life [[FLT:] uveza indlela impilo nezimiso zesimo sezulu ezihlangene ngayo, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zomoya ezihlanzekile ezisiza kokubili iplanethi nempilo yabantu. Izinhlelo zokusiza ezizohlobana nalezi zinselele ezihambisanayo ziyoba eziwusizo kakhulu futhi ezisebenza emashumini eminyaka ezayo.

Ikusasa Losizo Lwempilo Lwembulunga Yonke

Uma sibheka phambili, izinqubo eziningana ziyololonga umzila wosizo lwangaphandle lwempilo.

Ukushintsha Kwempilo Nemininingwane Yezinombolo

Amathuluzi emishini aguqula izimiso zezempilo. Izindawo ze-operal (mHealth) zezempilo, amarekhodi ezobuchwepheshe, namabhodi okwaziswa kwenza ukuba kuhlolwe izifo eziqubukayo, kuthunyelwe amaketanga alandelanayo, futhi kulandelelwe iziguli. Izinhlelo zosizo zisebenza kakhulu ekusebenziseni izisekelo zemishini nakulwazi. Isifo se-COVID-19 sisheshisa ukusetshenziswa komshini wokuxhumana nge-telemedicine kanye nokuxhumana kwamanani. Nokho, izikhala ezise-inthabeni, izikhalo zokwaziswa, kanye nokwehlukana kwamanani kumelwe ziqondiswe ekugwemeni ukugcinwa kwezingala-adi ezingeni eziphambili. Ukubambisana kwezizwe ngezindinganiso ze-data ne-octiveturation kungathuthukisa umphumela wezentembex yezempilo.

Ukuthunjwa Kwemithombo Yezinto Zasekhaya

Izimali ezisekela impilo zixhomeke ekugcineni ezinkokhelweni zasekhaya. Njengoba amazwe angenisa imali ephansi naphakathi ekhula ngokomnotho, kulindeleke ukuba athwale ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zempilo. Manje abanikazi bahlela usizo lobuchwepheshe ekulungiseni intela, ukwanda komshuwalense wempilo, kanye nokuphatha imali yomphakathi. Amalungu e-Afrikaan Union axhomekekile eG20 nokufunwe kwemijovo yokwelapha nendawo yakini kubonisa ushintsho olubanzi ekuzithembeni. Usizo lungasebenza njenge-acensi, lusiza ekwakheni amandla emalini emalini neya umphakathi adingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe empilweni yempilo yonke indawo.

Ubuhlobo Nentando Yezombangazwe

Izindlela zempilo eziphumelela kakhulu zembulunga yonke zakhiwa ngobudlelwano obuqinile − phakathi kohulumeni, izinhlangano eziningi, umphakathi womphakathi, kanye nengxenye ezimele. Intando yezombangazwe eqinile, kokubili emazweni anikeleyo nawamukelekayo, ibalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe amazinga okuxhasa imali kanye nokunaka okungokwesimiso. I-Global Fund’s Fund yokubuyisela imfucumfucu yezenkimbi kanye nezibambiso zempilo ezinikeza izivumelwano zemali eziqinile zibonisa indlela isibopho esihlangene esingahlanganisa ngayo izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zabantu. Ukuzibophezela okuhlangene okuvela emiphakathini, izisebenzi zezempilo, nezinhlangano zomphakathi kugcina impilo isesilinganisweni sokungaqiniseki. Enkathini sokungaqiniseki kwe-geogeome kanye nokuphikisana, ukusetshenziswa kosizo okungokwempilo kumelwe kwenziwe kabusha: ukutshala imali okuyimfuneko embulungenisweni okunye kuphela kodwa futhi nokuchuma okuhlakaniphile okuhlanganye.

Usizo lwangaphandle luye lwathuthukisa izindlela zembulunga yonke zempilo ngendlela ezijulile, lusindisa ukuphila okungabalileki nezimiso eziqinisayo ezinikeza ukunakekela. Ubufakazi bucacile: luhlongozwa, lusetshenziswa kahle. Kodwa umsebenzi awukaqedi. Ukufinyelela i-Sustaticable Development Meavement commental perfective ngo-2030 kuyodinga ukuxhaswa kakhulu kwemali, ukuhleleka okuqinile, nokuzibophezela okungantengi ekusebenziseni impumelelo nokuhluleka, ukwamukela intuthuko, nokubeka amazwe nezindawo phakathi, umphakathi wembulunga yonke wempilo ungaqhubeka uguqula ukuphila ngamandla engcebo ehlangene.