Enteekateeka ya gavumenti ya gavumenti ekulu nnyo okusobola okutegeera engeri Amerika gy'ekolamu. Ekitabo kino kiraga bulungi engeri gavumenti y'ensi eyo gye efugamu, amatabi gaayo esatu, n'emirimu gyayo egikwatagana. Bwe beekenneenyaamu amateeka, engeri y'okuddukanyaamu emirimu, n'engeri y'okulabiriramu abalamuzi.[1] Okusinziira ku nkola y'okukebera ebizikwata ku Amerika, ojja kutegeera bulungi engeri y'obufuzi bw'Amerika. Okumanya kuno si kikulu mu kuleetawo gavumenti z'eggwanga zokka naye n'okumanya engeri amateeka gye gaakolebwamu, gye gagobeeyisaamu, era n'okunnyonnyola mu bulamu bwa bulijjo.

Ebyaliwo mu Gavumenti Efuga Obuwanguzi

Gavumenti ya Amerika eteekeddwa ku kizimbe ekiwanirira amateeka ga Amereka ekyateekebwawo mu 1787. Amatabi ga mirundi esatu.(legislative, decutity, ne project(* buli limu lirina obuyinza n'obuvunaanyizibwa eby'enjawulo ebitegekebwa okuziyiza ekintu kyonna okufuga. Okwawula obufuzi buno bunywezebwa olw'obukebe obusinzidde obukkirizibwa okukomako enzivu mu mirimu gyo gyonna egya bulijjo. Ekiragiro era kiteeka amaanyi agamu ku gavumenti z'ensi yonna ne ku bantu, ne kiba kyatandikawo enteekateeka esobozesa eggwanga okuteekawo obumu n'obutebenkevu.

Okutegeera enzimba eno etandika n'enjigiriza nti gavumenti eyo terina buyinza bwonna: obuyinza bwayo bunnyonnyolebwa era ne bukakasibwa Amateeka. Ekiwandiiko kiraga engeri amateeka gye gakolebwamu, gye gakuzibwamu, era gye gayinza okusalirwamu, era kiyinza okukyusibwamu okusobola okutuukana n'embeera ezikyuka.

Ettabi ly’Akakiiko k’Ettabi

ettabi lino lissaawo amateeka agakwata ku nkola y'amateeka, nga lirimu amayumba abiri: Olukiiko Olukulu n'Ennyumba y'Ababaka.

Olukiiko Olukulu

Olukiiko olukulu lulina abakwana 100 abatuula ku Ssenala buli luvannyuma lw'emyaka ebiri. Ekibumbe kino kyenkana kyali kyenkanankana nga k'obwannaawula mu nsi ennene n'entono mu kiseera kya Convention. Abakwana bassa empandika eyo amasatu g'emyaka mukaaga, nga lino libeeramu akasatu ku lukiiko olulonda buli luvannyuma lw'emyaka ebiri. Amasaza ag'enjawulo ga Sentekoote gazingiramu okutongoza ba prezidente (Nga bassessa wansi wa Katria n'abalamuzi ab'eggwanga) era ne k'okukomyawo akavwoontiri nga bbiri. Omukulembeze wa United States akola nga Prezidenti wa Ssentina wa Sset.

Abakwanaganyi bakiikirira ekitundu kyabwe kyonna era batera okussaako essira ku nsonga z'eggwanga. Olukiiko olukulu olw'ebitongole olw'eggwanga, lutwalibwa ng'olufulumya ebitundu ebiteeso, nga luno lulina ebigambo ebiwereddeko okukubiriza abaana okukuba obukodyo. Amateeka gaalwo gayinza okulwawo oba okusigira amateeka okuggyako nga abalulu 60 bagoberedde akalulu oba abakubi bannaka bago bakkirizza okukomya empaka.

Ennyumba y’Ababaka

Ennyumba y'Ababaka erimu abantu 435 abali mu kalulu, nga buli ggwanga lirina omuwendo gw'abo abava mu ggwanga nga gusinziira ku kubalibwa kw'abantu okwamalirizibwa. Buli mubaka akola emyaka ebiri, nga buli mubaka akola omulimu ogw'okulonda buli luvannyuma lw'emyaka ebiri.

Speacher ow'omu Nnyumba, eyalondebwa ekibiina ekisinga obunene, kifo kya maanyi eky'obukulembeze. Obukiiko bw'ennyumba n'obukiiko bukola omulimu ogw'okulambula amateeka n'okulabirira abakwanaganya emirimu.

Engeri Bizimbe Gye Kifuuka Etteeka

Ekiragiro kino kikkirizibwa mu nkola y'okussaawo akakiiko akakola enteekateeka y'amateeka. Oluvannyuma lw'okutandika, ebiwandiiko ebyo bitwalibwa ku kakiiko akasaanidde okusomeramu, okuwulira, n'okukisumulula. Bwe kikkiriza, etteeka ligenda ku kisenge ekyo okuteekebwawo, okutereeza, n'okulonda. Singa liyisibwa mu kisenge ekirala, ekiyinza okuyita mu kisenge ekirala, ekiyinza okuyisa enkyusa yaakyo. Enzivvuunuzi ez'okubiri ziyinza okugattibwa mu kakiiko akategesi. Enzivvuunuzi ey'oluvannyuma egenda ku Mukulembeze w'amateeka, era eyinza okuteeka omukono ku mateeka ku nsonga eyo. Ekiragiro bwe kiyisibwa, tekibaamu kusaawumba oba okulonda. Congresston esobola okusukka enkyusa endala.

Obukiiko n’Amaanyi

Omulimu gw'okussaawo amateeka gukolebwa mu bukiiko. Waliwo obukiiko obuyimiridde (umma, , Appropriary, Foreign Relations), okulonda obukiiko, obukiiko obugatta awamu. Akakiiko kano keekenneenya amateeka agateetegese, okuddukanya emitwe gy'ekibiina, n'obujulirwa obw'ebitongole ebitonotono. Enteekateeka y'akakiiko kano esobozesa Akakiiko akafuzi okuteekawo obumanyirivu mu bifo ebituufu n'okukebera empandika z'amateeka.

Ng'oggyeko okussaawo amateeka, Constitution ekola obuyinza okulangirira entalo, okufuga ensawo z'ensi n'okukakasa oba okugaana okulondebwa. era ewa Consement obuyinza okusalira ab'obuyinza mu gavumenti, nga mw'otwalidde ne Prezidenti, “Okwanguyawo, Kampuni, oba obukyayi obulala obw'amaanyi n'obusosoze.”

Firikiti Ekubiriza Ebizimbe by’Eby'Ebizimbe

ettabi erya nnakyewa livunaanyizibwa okulaba nti amateeka ga gavumenti gagobererwa era gateekebwawo. Gakulemberwa Prezidenti wa Amerika, omukulembeze w'eggwanga era omukulu w'eggwanga. Prezidenti akola ekigambo eky'emyaka ena era ayinza okulondebwa omulundi ogw'okubiri okusobola okuddamu okulondamu, nga bwe kyateekebwawo Omulongo gwa 22 ogw'Emitemerezo.

Abo Abafuga

Omukulembeze wa gavumenti alina obuvunaanyizibwa obutali bumu. Ng'omuduumizi w'amagye agaawukanya, Pulezidenti asobola okulagirira emirimu gy'amagye wadde nga congress yekka y'asobola okulangirira olutalo. Munnabyabufuzi omukulu afuga emirimu gy'ababinja, ateesa endagaano, era n'alonda ababaka. Ng'omukulu w'obuyinza, Prezidenti alabirira entegeka y'eggwanga, era ng'akakasa nti amateeka gatuukiriza bulungi, era n'okulonda abakungu ba magw'ebitongole. Pulezidenti era alina ekifo mu kussaawo: bayinza okusemba ebiteekwakkusiddwawo akakiiko k'ewandikiro, era ne bayisa ebisale by'amasawo.

Pulezidenti alondebwa okuyitira mu Electoral College, enkola enzibu ennyo esobozesa obululu obuva mu buli ggwanga okusinziira ku ngeri gavumenti gy'etwalamu akakiiko akakiiko akaawumbi. Omubbi alina okuwangula obululu obusinga ku buli 270 ku 538 okufuuka omukulembeze w'eggwanga. Enkola eno eviiriddeko okukuba empaka ku ngeri gye bukwatamu obululu, naye esigala ye nkola y'omulembe ey'okulonda omukulembeze.

Omukulembeze Omukulu w’Ekibi n’Omutuuze Omulungi

Obukulembeze bw'omukulembeze awagira Pulezidenti era nga y'asooka okuteekawo oluvanyuma singa Prezidenti tasobola kutuukiriza mulimu gwe olw'okufa, okugobererwa, okuggibwawo, oba okuggibwawo. Omumyuka wa Prezidenti era akola nga Prezidenti wa Ssemakenti era atwala obululu okutta obukaadi. Mu myaka egyakayita, Omukulembeze w'obukulembeze abaddeko emirimu gy'enkola mu bukulembeze bw'ekika kya 25. Omuteesi 25 ogumanyisa omulimu ogw'okujjuza omukulembeze obukaba era n'okuyingiza obulambe obumalako obumalako nga mu kifo kya pulezidenti mu kifo ky'obulema.

Kbyabiina n’Ebya Kakiiko Ebikola ku by’Eby’Eby’Enfuna

Kabineti erimu ab'ebitongole 15 ebikola ku bakulu ng'Essaza, Ssente, Ezankire, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Agriculture, Labor, Health and Human Services, Home and Urban Development, Energy, Education, Veterans Affairs, ne Homeland Security). Ab'ekitongole kya Kkansati, nga bano be balondebwa Pulezidenti era ne Keessawo bakakasa ebitongole bya Bannakyekenti.

Ng'oggyeko kakiiko akatuulako, ofiisi y'ettabi ezingiramu ebibiina ebikola ku buwaze obwa nnawookeera w'ekitongole ekyo (nga mu ngeri etegeeza nti, Environmental Protection Agency, NASA, Federal Reserve) era n'ekitongole ekifuga enkola y'obukwakkulizo (Enteneempandika n'obukulembeze bwa Exchange), ekitongole ekikola ku by'obudde n'obudde, ekiwandikiro, ekikola ku budde obunene n'obukwafuze. Ebibiina bino birina eby'obwewaze obutagoberera bulagirizi bwa prezidenkola eya nnakyewaawo, era nga bipartarian dectory'okukuuma obusososoosooso.

Obulagirizi bw'Ekitongole n'Ebigambo Ebigwira

Prezidenti ayinza okulagira abafuzi okukulembera emirimu gya gavumenti. Ebiragiro by'ab'obuyinza birina okuteekebwawo mu mateeka naye biteekwa okugobererwa mu buyinza obuliwo kati. Biyinza okuziyizibwa mu kkooti oba okugobererwa omusika. Mu nkola z'ensi endala, Prezidenti alina obuyinza bwa ntegeka y'okuteesaganya ebiwaanyi okugattika, okuteesa ku ndagaano z'obukulembeze (etaagala lukiiko lw'ensi), era n'okumanyisa gavumenti z'amawanga. Mu ngeri y'emu, Prezidenti alina ekifo ekikulu mu nkola y'obukuumi n'engeri ey'okuddukanyamizaamu.

Ettabi ly’Omulamuzi

Kkooti eyo erimu kkooti z'ensi yonna, nga mw'otwalidde kkooti z'apikiriza n'ezo ezikola ku kkooti za disiturikiti.

Kkooti Esingayo Obukulu

Kkooti esingayo obukulu ye kkooti esingayo obukulu mu nsi era y'erina ky'eyogera ku butaka obw'omu mateeka, naddala obwo obuli mu Mateeka. Kano kalimu abalamuzi mwenda.[1] Omulamuzi omukulu n'abalamuzi munaana abalondebwa Prezidenti era abalagirwa kkooti. Obulamu bwabwe buziyiza okusala emisango egy'obulamu.

Kkooti enkulu y'efuga ebyasooka mu misango egizingiramu ababaka, abaweereza ba gavumenti, era n'enkaayana wakati w'amawanga, naye emirimu gyayo egisinga obungi gisibuka mu buyinza obufuga amateeka. Ewulira emisango mingi nnyo buli mwaka (nga 60-80), egisalibwa okuva mu nkumi n'enkumi z'ebyo bye basaba okuyitira mu nkola y'ekyetongole. obwenkanya obw'ekika kya Certiorari buteekwa okulonda okuwuliriza omusango. Endowooza za Kkooti eyo ziteekawo emitindo egikwata ku kkooti zonna ez'ebuzi eza wansi mu nkola ya gavumenti.

Kooti Ezikola ku Bufumbo

Kkooti 94 ez'omu Amerika zitwaliramu kkooti za disiturikiti 94 (kooti za disiturikiti) ne 13 ez'omu Amerika ezikwata ku by'obwannannyini. Kkooti za disiturikiti zisooka kulamula abamenyi b'amateeka n'abo ababeera mu ggwanga nga mw'otwalidde n'abo abasala emisango. Ebbeetuka batwala kkooti za disiturikiti mu kkooti ez'Enkomerero, era nga buli Kkooti y'ekitundu ejulira mu kitundu, era n'empalo z'enka y'ensonga ezicamu mu ngeri y'emu. Ebbeekirawuluuzi kiyinza okujulirwa mu kkooti enkulu, naye kkooti esingayo si y'eraga obujulizi.

Waliwo ne kkooti endala eza gavumenti nga kkooti y'ensi yonna ey'Amerika ey'oku Busuubuzi, Kkooti y'Amerika ey'e Buddedde, ne kkooti y'omusolo mu Amerika.

Judicial Review ne Marbury v. Madison

(w'olukiiko olwawula) olw'okuba lulina amaanyi g'enkiiko z'ensi okuyisa amateeka oba ebikolwa bya bakungu ba gavumenti okutongoza obusosoze. Wadde nga tebwayogerwako butereevu mu Mateeka, amaanyi gaateekebwawo mu kifo ekikulembera amateeka g'ensi mu kifo eky'obulamuzi (1803,1). Bwe kityo, amateeka agakontana n'Amateeka gaamu tegakkirizibwa. Kkooti eno esobozesa Kkooti enkulu okukebera amatabi amalala era n'okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu kinnoomu.

Ebweru n’Obujjulukuka

Gavumenti ya Amerika erina ebyuma bingi ebigiyamba okukakasa nti tewali ttabi lirina maanyi mangi.

Amatabi Gasobola Okukolagana

Consell eyinza okuggyawo akalulu akagaba bukulembeze nga kasatu mu bisenge byombi. Pulezidenti asobola okulagira amateeka, naye era Conseum ayinza okugaana okufuna etteeka lya Prezidenti. Ekiragiro kya balamuzi kiyinza okusattulula amateeka agaawulibwawo Presidenti Congress era ne gateekebwako omukono ku mukulembeze singa gamenya amateeka. Mu kiseera kino, Prezidenti alonda abalamuzi ab'ensi yonna, nga mw'otwalidde n'abalamuzi Abalamuzi Abakulu, abakiikibwa ekkomera ekkomera, ekireetera amatabi g'empandika k'empandika y'empandika y'empandika y'empaka.

Consell era alina obuyinza okugoba Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti era n'abalamuzi mu ggwanga enzivuunvu z'amateeka.” Ennyumba etandika okusala obululu obwangu; Olukiiko olwo lusibawo omusango era ne lusibira omusango abantu emirundi esatu ebiri. Okusawo kw'ewandiisa mu byafaayo emirundi mitono nnyo, naye okutiisibwa kw'enyigidde kwe kuba nga kukebere ku mpisa ez'obukungu.

Obulagirizi n’Ebyo Ebikwata ku Kkooti

Ebiragiro by'abakungu ba gavumenti bisobola okubuusibwabuusibwa mu kkooti singa bisukka obuyinza oba empalana ne mateeka agaliwo.

Engeri gye Kiwandiiko Ekyenyola gye Kiyinza Okukolebwako

Prezidenti addira abantu abamu mu bifo ebya waggulu naye Olukiiko olukulu luteekwa okubawa obukakafu nga ddala bwe kiba nga ddala balondeddwa okumala akaseera katono. Kino kiwa olukiiko olukulu akakessi akakessi akakola ku bakungu ba kampuni. Mu ngeri y'emu, olukiiko olukulu lukakasa abalamuzi bonna ab'ensi yonna, ekiyinza okusigibwawo empagi ya balamuzi okumala amakumi g'emyaka. era Prezidenti alina obuyinza okusonyiwa ebibi ebikolebwa gavumenti, ekiyinza okukkakka ku nkola y'okusala emisango naye nga kiyinza okuvunaana omusango.

Obukulembeze bw’Ekibiina

Congress akulembera obukiiko obukola ku by'okuwuliriza, okunoonyereza, okunoonyereza, n'amaanyi ga kasawo.Government Accounting Office (GAO) ne Congregational Baccument Office (CBO) biwa obulagirizi ku ngeri gye basalawomu.

fundikira

Okutegeera enzimba ya gavumenti ya gavumenti kya mugaso nnyo okusobola okutegeera engeri amateeka gye gakolebwamu, okugagoberera n'okugataputa mu Amerika. Amatabi gano esatu(legislative, akulira, era alamula) galina emirimu gya njawulo, naye gagattibwako enkola emu esobozesa ettabi erimu obutafuga. Okuva ku bijamaral Congress ne ku bapresidenti ne ku nkola y'okunoonyereza ku buli nsonga, buli ttabi liba kitundu kya gamateeka agategekebwa bulungi.

Ekiragiro kino kizuuliddwamu engeri y'okulabirako. Ennyumba ey'obubonero eyo ey'okwerinda ey'omulembe guno. Okusobola okwongera okugisoma, kebera omukutu gwa ' SENTE, Ennyumba ey'Ababaka[[, Ebweru [[[[FLT:]]]] Ennyumba ey'ebweru [[[FLT]], [[FLT]], ne [ olusenyiikizo] olukulu lujja ku kutegeera kwo okw'omu Amerekawo. [[FLT:]]