Okutegeera Obulabirizi bw'Ettabi ly'Omukulembeze: Ekifo kya Pulezidenti mu Bufuzi bwa Amerika

ettabi lya gavumenti y'Amerika lye nkola efuula amateeka okukola nga buli lunaku. Wadde nga Congress awandiika amateeka era n'abalamuzi abagannyonnyola, ye Prezidenti era n'ab'obuyinza baddukanya bizineesi y'eggwanga. Okuva ku kussawo etteeka erikwata ku by'obujjanjabi eriggya okusindika amagye mu nsi ez'ebuvanjuba, ebyo Pulezidenti by'asalawo bikwata butereevu ku buli Mumerika. Abayizi ne basomesa abaagala okutegeera obulungi engeri gavumenti y'ensi gy'ekolamu, okwekenneenya ekizimbe ky'ettabi, amaanyi g'ensi kwe lirina, n'obusobozi. Ekitundu kino kiwandisizza amaaso ku ekyo omukulembeze w'eggwanga ky'akola mu Amereka, entegeka y'obuyinza obufuga, n'enkola ya nkola ey'okukebeewamu.

Enteekateeka y'Eby'Olukiiko n'Eby'Eby'Okutuulamu

Akatundu II ak'omu ttabi lya Amerika katongoza obukulembeze bw'omukulembeze omu yekka. Abakola kaaweefube mu bugenderevu baateekawo omukungu omu ow'amaanyi akwase bulungi amateeka era n'ebiragiro ebitali bimu okusobola okugobererwa mu nsonga ezitali zimu, naddala mu nsonga ezikwata ku nsi ne ku bukuumi bw'eggwanga. Obutafaananako ettabi lya gavumenti erigabanyizibwamu ebisenge bibiri, ofiisi y'ettabi egoberera Prezidenti ku ntikko, era nti Pulezidenti ali waggulu agobererwa Prezidenti, Kkinnaa, ate oluvannyuma amatabi g'abakungu ne gavumenti agafuga.

Ekifo ekyasooka kyali kitono naye nga kikubisizzaamu ebyasa bibiri, kikuze ne kifuuka ettabi lya gavumenti erisingayo obunene, nga kikozesa obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu aba bulijjo n'abajaasi. Ebitundu ebikulu bizingiramu Office y'omukulembeze (EOP), ewagira obuwagizi obwa nnannyini ku ttabitabi (nga State, Defense, Treasure, era ne Justice) ebikumi n'ebikumi by'ebibiina (nga ekitongole ekifuga enzivvuunuzi, ekya NASA, ne Federal Reserve).

Amaanyi ga Pulezidenti gasibuka mu Katundu II, akatwaliramu obuvunaanyizibwa "Kulabiriza Amateeka okukolebwa n'obwesigwa," obuyinza okulonda abakungu (nga bagoberera k'akakwate k'enkiiko) era n'ekifo kya nnannyini buyinza bw'omuduumizi wa Sitaawe. Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, obufuzi buno bunnyonnyolebwa mu ngeri enyingi naddala mu biseera eby'akabenje, naye busigala nga buwandiddwa ebiteeso ebiva eri akakiiko akakiiko akafuzi ne kkooti.

Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Pulezidenti

Prezidenti yambala enkuufiira nnyingi era buli lunaku emirimu gy'amatabi gisobozesa ebitongole okuddukanya emirimu gy'amaka, okukolagana n'ab'amawanga, okulagira eby'amagye n'okuddukanya enkola y'obukulembeze.

Okugoberera Amateeka g’Ekibiina

Omulimu omukulu ogwa Prezidenti kwe kukakasa nti amateeka g'ensi yonna gatuukiriza bulungi. Obuvunaanyizibwa buno tebuzingiramu kufuga bubonero; buzingiramu okukulembera n'okulabirira ebibiina ebikola byonna okuva ku misolo egitali gimu okutuuka ku kiseera eky'okulambula obulango. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Prezidenti alonda emitwe gy'ekitongole ekikola ku by'amateeka era n'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obutebenkevu, era n'okukakasa emitindo egikwata ku bannaakyewa, era n'engeri amateeka gye gagobererwamu. Amaanyi gano gabeeranga gateeyambiddwa mu bukulembeze: Congresssss asobola okwekenneenya emirimu gy'obukulembeze, oba okuyisa amateeka amanyangunjabi n'okugobererwa.

Okuddukanya Obufuzi bw’Omunnaggwanga

Omukulembeze w'eggwanga ye muyimbi omukulu era ye muyimbi omukulu owa gavumenti z'Amerika. Kino kizingiramu okuteesa n'okussa omukono ku ndagaano (zikwetaagisa Ssetmenti okusemba ebisale bibiri mu buvvumbi), okukolagana n'abakulembeze abagwira, oba okukiikirira United States mu bifo ebitongole mu nsi yonna ng'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte. Omukulembeze era alina obuyinza okumanya gavumenti z'amawanga n'okuweebwa ababaka ababaka baawule. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Pulezidenti asalawo okukakaatiriza ebibonerezo by'eby'enfuna, okugatta ku kkankambi y'obusuubuzi, oba okuleka endagaano y'eby'obusuubuzi esobola okuyimirira mu nsi. Mwannyinaffe w'eggwanga aweerereza mu n'omukungu w'eggwanga.

Omukulu w'eggye

Akatundu II kalonda omukulembeze w'eggye nga kakulira eggye lya bannalukalala. Obufuzi buno busobozesa Prezidenti okulagira amagye okulwana, okulagirira obukodyo bw'amagye, n'okuwa abawagidde emirimu egitali gimu. Kyokka, Constitution yeetaagisa obusosoze okulangirira olutalo mu kakiiko akakakka, okuteekawo ekika kya bannabyabufuzi. Mu kiseera kino, bannaakyewa bakozesezza amagye awatali kulagula mu ntalo, okusindika abasirikale ab'enjawulo, oba okuyingiza obuwagizi bwa gavumenti mu kifo kyazo. Ekiragiro kya Prezidenti ekitongole ekifuga ekikola omulimu ogw'emirembe kiwandisizza abakungu bannaakirizibwamu okulangirira akakiiko akafuzi ka 48 ak'amagye awatali kukakasibwa k'amagye. Obukulembeze bw'eggwanga lino, obukulembedde mu kiseera nga tewali kulagira bantu kuteekawo kkago. Obukulembeze bw'obukulembeze bwa gavumenti obunene bukyuumizizza gavumenti

Abakulembeze ba Gavumenti Abalonda

Prezidenti alonda abakungu mu gavumenti y'eggwanga lyonna nga mwe muli n'abalamuzi b'omu Kkiiko ak'omu Sayalenti, abalamuzi (nga mw'otwalidde abalamuzi ab'enkiiko enkulu), ababaka, n'abakulu b'ebitongole ebyabwe. Okulondebwa okwo kukkirizibwa lukiiko olukulu.[1]Akakiiko kano kategekebwa okukakasa nti abamineenyi be batuukiriza ebisaanyizo era nti bakkirizibwa okukkirizibwa abakwana ba nkumi. Amaanyi ga Prezidenti kino gaateekako bakulu mu ku bikwata ku mateeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Pulezidenti y'asalawo ku lukalala lw'amateeka ga Kootikko y'empale esobola okubaako ky'ensonga ku mateeka okumala emyaka mingi. Ate era, Prezidenti ateekawo ebifo eby'ebifo mu badayirekita b'ebitongole ebitongole ebikola mu kibiina. Abakungu bano batwala ebifo bya Prezidenti, wadde nga bo balina obuvunaanyizibwa bwabwe.

Obufuzi obw’Okugoberera Obukulembeze

Ekimu ku bikola ennyo mukulembeze w'eggwanga kwe kuyisa etteeka erikwata ku by'amateeka. Oluvannyuma lw'okuyisa etteeka lya Conseil liyinza okusanya mu mateeka, era Pulezidenti aliyinza okusanya nga tannassa lukalala oluvannyuma lw'ennaku kkumi (kuba nga mu nteekateeka ya kakiiko akategekedde), oba gugigaana. Ekiragiro kiyinza okuguggula ddala. Lingle esobola okukomya etteeka erikwata ku nnukuta ebbiri ku buli kikumi mu Nnyumba ne Ssember. Ekiragiro kya Prezidaante y'eggwanga kiyinza okukiteekako akakwakkulizo ak'okuziyiza okugaana pulezidenti.

Okuteekawo Ebiragiro n’Okulangirira

Ssaawo mu Mateeka, ebiragiro ebya bannakyewa bifuuse enkola ekozesebwa ba Prezida mu kukulembera abakwanaganya era n'okuddukanya ofiisi. Ekiragiro kya bamaneja kikulembera ofiisi era kitwalibwa mu mateeka naye nga kikebeebeesaamu era kiyinza okusasika singa oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo amateeka oba ebiragiro bya Prezidenti. Abakulembeze baa baa bannabyabufuzi bagoberera ebiragiro okukomya enkola nga tebalindako Constantion , okussaawo amateeka amapya agakwata ku butonde bw'ensi, okutegeka era n'okutegeka ebitongole bya gavumenti okussaawo enzikkiriza okuziganya enzikkiriza okukolebwako. Ebitongole ebyo bifaananako okulangirira olunaku olw'okujjukirira oba ekijjukizo eky'eggwanga. Wadde nga ebiragiro by'abakungu bawagidde, era bayinza okuleetawo enkaayano mu mateeka singa bagoberera amateeka agafuga amateeka oba empalagirwa mu mateeka.

Okuyonja Ebigambo n’Ebibibiina

Akatundu II kawa Pulezidenti obuyinza okuwa abamenyi b'amateeka eb'empalana n'okusonyiwa ebibi bya gavumenti singa wabaawo ensonga eziba zibanyisiddwa. Obusobozi buno busobozesa Pulezidenti okusala emisango, okukendeeza ebibonerezo, oba okusonyiwa abo ababa bazziddwa omusango. Amaanyi okusonyiwa gakkirizibwa mu bujjuvu era tegakkirizibwa, wadde nga bawaanyisa kuwakanya gavumenti olw'ensonga ez'enjawulo. Abasekerezi bakozesezza enkola eyo okuggyawo ekibonerezo kino okusobola okuzzaawo emirembe mu ggwanga. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Pulezidenti Gerald Ford' Fordor Nixon ne Pulezidenti Barack Obama's commusssssssssssssssssssss abakola b'obuyinza ku b'obuyinza buno. Abasekerezidenti bagamba nti okusonyiwa kuyinza okunafuyama kw'obwenkanya, naye nga babatwala ng'okugoba abakkujjuliddemuko.

Pulezidenti nga Omukulu w’Ebizibu

Mu bwewandiike obw'amaanyi, obukulembeze bwa Prezidenti busobola okulabika. Ofiisi y'ettabi ekolawo mu bwangu era n'ettabi lyonna eririna: ekiragiro ekyamaddala eky'amagye, okuddukanya ebitongole bya gavumenti, n'obusobozi bw'okutegeeza ebiwandikiro ebifuga n'ebitongole bya gavumenti. Mu biseera eby'edda, bannabyabufuzi bakozesezza abafuzi ab'obukulembeze okuyambako mu by'eby'enfuna okukola ku bizibu, ne ku by'eby'enfuna okugoonoona ebibamba. Stafford Act ekkiriza Pulezidenti ya gavumenti okulangirira ekibamba kya ggwanga era n'okulumba kwa bannalukalala. Muteempalaasa bwe kityo, aba Hosmenter Act ereesaze.

Obutyabaga bw’Omu Butonde n’Engeri y’Okusanyusibwamu

Omuyaga bwe guba gwa maanyi, musisi oba nnawookeera, Prezidenti ateekateeka ekitongole ky'eggwanga okukola ku nsonga eno. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ateekawo eby'okukozesa `ssupplies, abakozi, ssente eziwa obuyambi nga zi gavumenti(okusobola okuyamba gavumenti n'ebitundu bya zokka. Omukulembeze era asobola okukulembera ekitongole ky'eby'obulamu okuwa obuyambi ng'ebyo eby'ebimu ng'ebyo ebikolebwa mu mmeeri y'obuyinja oba empani. Omuyinjanga ogumanyiddwa nga gavumenti y'eyeetegese eriko obukulembedde ku kiwandikiro Katrina, ekyaviirako omuyaga okugenda nga guvanyuma. Kyokka, mu 2017, eky'obukkulembe obw'obukujjuzi bw'obungi obukolebwa, obukolebwa mu ngeri eyo ey'obukulembe obw'obukulembe. Obukulembeze bw'eggwanga okuteekateeka obunene obwa gavumenti ya gavumenti y'ebuyinza okulunga.

Okudda Obulungi mu by’Eby’Obugagga n’Okuddirira

Ebizibu by'eby'enfuna nga bigezesa obusobozi bwa Prezidenti obw'okunyweza obutale n'okukuuma emirimu. Wadde nga Congress afuga enkola y'obukalu era n'okusasula emisolo, Sobhuza w'eggwanga ayinza okutegeeza abakwasiddwa enkola, okussaawo ebiragiro, era n'ebitongole ebifuga enkola nga Treasumenti ne Federal Revement (kweyama) okukola. Mu kiseera kya Great Recession (2009-2009), Pulezidenti George W. Bush yassa omukono ku nteekateeka y'Escawaawo eya Association Association (TEESP), era ne Pulezidenti Barback Ovama yasainiina American Reinvest Activement. Mu kibenjenjere, Donalantercerdouver Trucrance era n'apolicter akozesa ebiragiro okusobozesa okufiirwa emirimu n'okusasula ssente. Oluvannyuma, Pulezidenti ya American yassa promont Reant Assement as promont.

Obukuumi bw’Eggwanga n’Okwaŋŋanga Obunnaakyemalira

Obukuumi okuva eri abalabe, bannalukalala, oba obulumbaganyi bwa kompyuta, byetaagisa Pulezidenti okukola ng'omukuumi w'eggwanga. Olukiiko lw'eggwanga oluyitibwa National Security Council (NSC) luwa amagezi Pulezidenti ku nsonga zonna ezikwata ku bukuumi bw'eggwanga, okugatta awamu obukiiko bwa Ssecrective of State and Defense, Omukulembeze w'eggwanga, era ne Kampala w'Abakulu w'Abakulu b'Akaaweempani z'Abaami ba Bastaff. Omukulembeze w'eggwanga akkiriza okukuba obukujjuzi, amagezi, n'okuteesa kw'ab'amawanga okukugira obulumbaganyi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okulumba okwatta Omukulembeze w'Ababinja Laden ne batta Omujaasi w'Abajaasi b'Abajaasi. Era, omukulembeze w'obuyinza mu magye okulwanirira gavumenti z'abalabe era ne bannabanya bannalukalala. Amagye ge gali mu n'amasaza gannabyalabukiiko ga bannabunnabunnabunnabunnabubi

Omukulembeze w’Ekibiina: Munno Omukulu

Wadde nga k'aba nga y'akyayibwa, omukulembeze w'omukulembeze y'addirira omukulu mu ttabi era nga y'asooka okusikira Pulezidenti. Ekiragiro kya prezidenti w'eggwanga okuba omukulembeze w'olukiiko (okumenya obukawuli) era n'okutwala obukulembeze singa Pulezidenti aggibwawo, n'afa, oba n'alema. Ekyo bwe kitaba bwe kityo, ba Pulezidenti bassawo leero baweereza nga bawagizi ba nnyina ab'omukwano, nga batwala ekifo eky'okukkukkula nga Joe Bidens.[1] Nga bw'ossa essira ku ku kulonda oba okubuuka oba okubuuka munnaawunzi w'obukulembeze. Omukulembeze w'eggwanga ono bw'akulaakulaakulaakula ng'obukulu n'obuvunaanyizibwa obw'omu myaka 50 egiyise.

Kbyabiina n’Ebya Kakiiko Ebikola ku by’Eby’Eby’Enfuna

Kabineti erimu ab'ebitongole 15 ebikola nga Prezidenti era ebiwa obulagizi obwa kakiiko akafuzi. Bakomputa bano ne badayirekita balabirira ebibiina: Ekitongole ky'eby'obulamu kirina abakozi nga obukadde 3 ate ekitongole ky'eby'obulamu era nga kikolera ku dipatimenti y'abantu nga bafuga Medicare ne Medicaid. Ab'ekitongole ekyo bonna awamu bakubiriza Pulezidenti emirimu gya gavumenti naye era buli omu alina emirimu gya buwagizi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Syamante w'essente ezikolera mu Kkanisa afuga ensaaweeti, ng'ate Athorney General (omutwe gw'Ekitongole Ekikolako kya Saazaakyewaanyisa) akwasizza amateeka ga gavumenti. Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya gavumenti kikakasa nti emigatte gituukiriza emirimu gya Prezidenti okuyita mu ggwanga lyonna, wadde nga kiresemba gavumenti za President.

Ebiragiro n’Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu: Omuntu bw’Abaako ky’Asobola Okukola

Abakola ku mateeka baatyanga okunyigiriza abantu, bwe kityo ne bazimba enkola ey'okukebera ebikolerwamu mu matabi era ne wakati w'amatabi. Enkola ssatu enkulu zikoma obuyinza bwa Prezidenti: okukwana ebigo, okulonda, n'okulonda.

Obukulembeze bw’Ekibiina

Congress alina obuyinza okukebera obutongole bw'amatabi. Akakiiko kalina ebiwandiiko n'obujulizi, era kakozesa ne gavumenti ekola nga alipoota. Congress era era afuga embalirira y'enkola ya department; nga tegasaze, ofiisi y'ettabi, tesobola kukola. Okugatta ku ebyo, okuteesa kwa Kooti era n'obuyinza ku ku kussaawo alipoota, ewandikiro ne ku mikago, bisobola okukebera butereevu abakungu ba police n'abagwira. Mu ngeri y'emu, Ekitongole kya gavumenti kiyinza okutandikirawo okuwakanya Pulezidenti, Prezidenti, Prezidenti, oba omukungu wa gavumenti mu ku nsonga endala ez'amaanyi. Ate era n'obuteeteekako obusonga ku mu ku kukwata ku ntambula y'amasazengo, ne ku ngeri y'okumenya enzijima. Munna w'obuyinza bw'obuyinza bw'obuyinza bw'obukulembeze bw'amasaze, Nixtenchten, Nixcong, munna w'enviga w'envigaakkud pro

Okwejjukanya Okusala Omusango

Kkooti ezikola obukulembeze zisobola okuyisa obukiiko obufuga entegeka nga zituukiriza obukwasi bwa gavumenti nga zituukiriza etteeka erizikkiriza okujjuulibwawo, ekyateekebwawo omusango ogukwata ku bantu. Marbury v. Madison (1803]. Omukulembeze bw'awa ebiragiro ebifuga ebisukka ku buyinza oba ebimenya etteeka lya lukalala lw'amateeka, ebiyinza okukosebwa abamenyi b'amateeka. Enkiiko z'eggwanga ziyinza okukosebwawo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Kkootikkooti enkulu ya Truman'etisse ebiragiro ebya Prezidenti Truman mu kiseera kya shy'olutalo mu Korea mu [FLTY:2] oba ebimenyese] Ebitongole ebifuga amateeka.[FFLT:3] (192). Gye bukyamaddiba ennyo, kkooti ezikola ebitongole eby'ebitongole eby'omukiikibwa mu mateeka eby'omukir'ebyo ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole eby'ebitongole eby'ebitongole eby'ebitongole ebye

Okuvunaanyizibwa eri Abantu Bonna n’Okukolagana n’Abakulu mu Bulamu

Mu nkomerero, okunoonyereza okwangu okw'amaanyi ku Mukulembeze w'ekibiina kwe kulonda. Buli myaka ena, abavvuoti basalawo oba obutasigaza mukulembeze muppya. Pulezidenti agezaako oba alemererwa okuleeta ebiva mu kunoonyereza okwo, abawangudde okuwangula. Okugatta ku ekyo, okulonda okw'ekiseera ekitono kuyinza okuleetera omukulembeze okuba omuzibu okukomya omulimu gwe yataddewo. Ekiruubirirwa ekya 24 mu mateeka ga baalagira nti abantu bannannyini kulonda kalonda, naye okukuba kw'amateeka ga ID ne ge baba bagobeetera okukuba akakwakkulizo, ne bye basalawo ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu: Prezidenti ayolekaganye n'ebikkirizo ebiba bizibu okukomyawookerezako, era n'okuva mu mateeka aga Voiling Rights Active Act Actives Act okukakasa nti amateeka g'eggwanga lyabwe ne ku n'enkola ku n'ebyo ebiba biragibwa. Era, endowooza ya bantu bannassawo: Prigassa munnassa munnassaant Rholvirce kiyinza okuka

Okufundikira: Ekifo kya Prezidenti mu Demokratika ey'ekika ky'ekika ky'omubaka

Ofiisi y'ettabi era ekulemberwa Prezidenti, kye kitundu ekisingirayo ddala okulabika era eky'amaanyi mu gavumenti ya Amerika. Obuvunaanyizibwa bwayo , okukubiriza amateeka agatali gamu, okulagira abajaasi, okulonda abakungu, okuteekawo etteeka erikwata ku bizibu, n'okuteekawo amateeka agakwata ku nkola yonna mu bulamu bw'Amerika. Kyokka, Omukulembeze w'eggwanga tafuga yekka. Enteekateeka y'okukebejja n'okukuuma, okukwana kwa bannakatemba n'okufuga, okukebera obukiiko bw'amasaza, okulonda, n'okulonda abalamuzi, bikakasa nti obuyinza bw'abakulu mu buyinza butongole busigala nga bukola ku bantu. Okutegeera engeri ettabi gye likolamu si buyigirize obuteereddwawo; kisobozesa abatuuze b'obukulembeze mu mpaka, ne mu by'obufuzi. Abayizi, abanoonyereza ebitongole ebyo, n'okulonda omulimu gwabwe ebikolebwa mu nkola ebikolebwa mu mateeka eby'obutongole bya Ameka.

Okuyiga ebisingawo, okukebera ensulo okuva ku nnyinnyonnyola y'obutongole ey'amatabi g'omu ttabi, ekiwandikiro ekiyamba mu kunoonyereza ku nsonga y'eggwanga mu Lukiiko II, n'ekitongole [[FLT:] et'okunoonyereza ku]. Ekiragiro kitandika okuzuula amatabi asatu[[FLT:]. Ekitongole kibuuka mu buyinza bwa prezidenti ne mu by'obw'ewatondo, ekisobozesa okubuuka obugazi okubussa mu nkola y'ekitongole, ekitegeeza omulimu ogw'okunoonyereza ku nsonga z'obungangaanyi, n'okukebeebya magye.