Table of Contents
Kumvetsa Maluso a Chisonkhezero
Kuzenga milandu kwa bungwe la Congress kwakonzedwa kuti kukhale malo a anthu amene amalemba nkhani, otsutsa, ndi kukangana za ubwino wa malamulo operekedwa. Komabe njirayi imapangidwa ndi anthu ofuna kumvetsera ndi magulu apadera amene amagwira ntchito ponse paŵiri poyera ndi kuseri. Kuti amvetse kukula kwa chisonkhezero chimenechi, nkofunika kupenda osati kokha kuti ndi oseŵerawo ndani komanso mmene amadziloŵetsa okha m’njira yofikira ku kugawira, kuyambira kusankha kwa umboni kufikira ku kumapeto kwa zikole.
Odziŵa za ndalama amapatsidwa ndalama . Nthaŵi zambiri anthu omwe kale anali mamembala a Congress, ogwira ntchito, kapena akatswiri a maindasitale . Amene amaimira makampani, makampani a malonda, mabungwe osapanga phindu, kapena maboma achilendo. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito maunansi, zopereka, ndi chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane kuchirikiza zipambano zina. Magulu a anthu apadera ali ndi mgwirizano waukulu umene umaphatikiza ndalama ndi kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zauchigawenga, zonga ufulu wa mfuti, chitetezo cha malo okhala, kapena malamulo a msonkho. Onse pamodzi, amapanga zinthu zimene zimawononga kwambiri posonkhezera nthambi ya Chigwirizano cha Malamulo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoposa $.5 biliyoni pa mlingo wa boma mogwirizana ndi [[FLT:] [FLD] [F:] [FLD] [12]
Asayansi atulukira njira zothandizira anthu amene akuwagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe zinthu, kuti aone ngati akulankhula bwino, komanso kuti akugwirizana ndi anthu amene akuwagwiritsa ntchito. Otsutsa amanena kuti zimenezi zimayambitsa ntchito yovuta ya malamulo kumene anthu ambiri sachita chidwi ndi anthu ambiri.
Kodi Ndani Amene Ali Oseŵera Aakulu?
Ofuna chithandizo chapadera amabwera m’mitundu yambiri. Ena amalembedwa mfuti zimene amagwira ntchito makampani okopa anthu ndi kuimira makasitomala ambiri m'mafakitale. Ena ali m'nyumba zolandirira zolembedwa ndi bungwe limodzi. Mabungwe amalonda onga American Petroleum Institute [1] kapena [FLT:] Nationalal Association [[FFLT:] Livreauth [[FLT:]] amagwira ntchito monga magulu a a ambulera amene amasuntha mawu a ziŵalo zambiri. Kuwonjezerapo, ganizirani magulu a sitima ndi a adoko ndi olankhulana mokondwera ndi mapangano a lamulo. [FLT:] Foundation [FLD:5] kapena [FFLT] kumanja: [FLT]
Pamene kuli kwakuti magulu ameneŵa amafunidwa mwalamulo kulembetsa ndi kuvumbula ntchito zokopa pansi pa Lobbing Discining Discive Act ya 1995, kusungitsa lamulo kaŵirikaŵiri kuli kofooka, ndipo mathithithi amalola ntchito yaikulu kusasimbidwa. [FLT] NP] N[FLT . adalemba mmene khomo lozungulira pakati pa Congress and K Street limatsimikizira kuti opanga malamulo ndi antchito abweretsa chidziŵitso ndi migwirizano mwachindunji m'dziko, kuwonjezera chisonkhezero chake.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi Polankhula
Kumvetsa njira zimenezi kumathandiza kuti makutu azitha kukhala ndi zinthu zimene zingathandize kuti anthu azimva bwino.
Kusankha Umboni ndi Kukonzekera
Mipando ya makomiti ndi mamembala apamwamba ali ndi nzeru zazikulu za amene amatchedwa mboni. Olandira zikondwerero kaŵirikaŵiri amalingalira mwachindunji mboni kwa opanga malamulo aubwenzi. M’zochitika zambiri, mbonizo ndizo olandira alendo, omwe kale anali oyang'anira, kapena akuluakulu a makampani amene amagwirizana ndi zimene wowalembayo akufuna. Mwachitsanzo, kumvetsera za malamulo a za nyengo kukhoza kusonyeza wasayansi wochilikizidwa ndi zinthu zotsala za mafuta, pamene kuli kwakuti kumvetsera kwa opereka chithandizo cha mankhwala kukhoza kukhala ndi woyang’anira wogulitsa amene tsopano akufunsira ntchitoyo.
Kutali kwa kusankha, okopa kaŵirikaŵiri amalangiza mboni za mmene angachitire umboni, kuti ndi chinenero chiti chimene angagwiritsire ntchito, chimene anganene, ndi mmene angapeŵere mafunso ovuta. Kukonzekera kumeneku kungaphatikizepo kufunsanso mizera yothekera kwa ziŵalo za komiti zaudani ndi mayankho amene amachotsa ku chowonadi chosatsimikizirika. Chotulukapo ndicho kuchita kwabwino kofanana ndi seŵero la khoti mmalo mwa ntchito yowona mtima.
Kupeka Umboni ndi Chidziŵitso
Umboni wolembedwa woperekedwa asanamve ndi panthaŵi ya kuzenga ndi chida champhamvu. Mawu atsatanetsatane olembedwa ndi malongosoledwe osankhidwa bwino ndi kupenda kogwirizana ndi malo awo. Popeza kuti ogwira ntchito za komiti kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa umboni umenewu kukonzekera mafunso, chidziŵitso choperekedwa chingakhazikitse mfundo za mkanganowo. Mwachitsanzo, pomva za kusintha kwa ndalama kwa Dodd ndi F, akatswiri a zabanki anapereka zitsanzo zosonyeza kuti malamulo okhwima kwambiri adzawononga ntchito mamiliyoni ambiri .
Khomo Lozungulira Pakati pa Ogwira Ntchito ndi Ogona
Imodzi ya mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri koma yosawoneka kwambiri ndiyo kukopa. Ogwira ntchito za bungwe la akulu omwe amayankha mafunso, kusonkhanitsa machidule akumva, ndi kulangiza ziŵalo kaŵirikaŵiri amachoka kuti akhale olandira. Iwo ali ndi chidziŵitso chakuya cha kachitidwe ka malamulo, maunansi aumwini ndi mabwenzi akale, ndi kuzindikira kuti ndi ziwiya ziti zimene zingakoke. Kuphunzira 2022 kochitidwa ndi Brenan Center ya Justire[[[FL:2] anapeza kuti pafupifupi theka la mamembala akale a Nyumba ndi lachitatu la masenator a m'boma apita ku ntchito yolandira kapena kukonza makampani.
Kuyenda kwa madzi kumeneku kumathandiza m'njira ziŵiri. Nthaŵi zambiri ofufuza a m'komiti akugwira ntchito kwakanthaŵi, kubweretsa malingaliro a anthu ofufuza okha komanso kusagwirizana kwa chikondwerero. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo amakhalidwe amafuna nyengo zoziziritsa. Mofanana ndi zaka chimodzi kapena ziŵiri pakati pa kusiya Congress ndi kusonkhezera anzake akale malamulo ali ndi mipata yaikulu. Mwachitsanzo, chiletsocho sichimagwira ntchito kusonkhezera nthambi ya kayendetsedwe ka kampani ka makampani, ndipo chikhoza kupeŵedwa mwa kugwira ntchito pakampani yolandira alendo yomwe siigwirizana nthaŵi yomweyo.
Kufufuza Nkhani: Mmene Zinthu Zapadera Zasinthira Makutu Apadera
Komabe, zitsanzo za anthu ongoganizira za mmene anthu a m’dziko lapansi akhudzidwira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makutu awo kuti athandize anthu ambiri kuposa mmene anthu ena amachitira.
Kumva Zamankhwala
Mu 2019, Komiti ya House Oversect inapereka nkhani yaikulu pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, itaitana akuluakulu a makampani akuluakulu a mankhwala. Kukwiya kwa anthu chifukwa cha kukwera kwa ndalama za insulin ndi mankhwala ena opulumutsa moyo kunali pamlingo wapamwamba. Komabe chiyambukiro cha kumvetsera chinadetsedwa ndi makampani a makampani. Asanamve, makampani a mankhwala osokoneza bongo anathera nthaŵi yaitali powakopa kuti apezetse kufufuza ndi kuwonjezera zinthu m’malo mwa kuchepetsa mtengo. Mboni zimene kale zinali zonena za ndalama zowonongera mankhwala osokoneza bongo zinachotsedwa m'gululo zinachotsedwa m’bungwelo, ndipo mamembala a komitiwo apamwamba anagwiritsira ntchito nthaŵi yawo kukafunsa mboni “atsopanoyo" m’malo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama.
Lipoti loperekedwa ndi . [FLT] News [FLT :2] [[FLT ] inavumbula kuti pamene kumvetserako kunayandikira, maindasitale anadzaza Capitol Hill ndi zopereka za ndawala kwa zigawo zonse ziŵiri, makamaka za m'makomiti aakulu. Kumva kunatulutsa kusintha kochepa, ndipo mitengo ya mankhwala inapitirizabe kukwera. Otsutsa amanena kuti kachitidwe kameneka kamabwereza nthaŵi iliyonse pamene kakumva za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo kanachititsa kuti kayendetsedwe kena kena keni kake.
Kusintha M’zachuma Kumakhalapo Pambuyo pa Vuto la 2008
Pambuyo pa mavuto a zachuma a 2008, Nyumba ya Malamulo inagamula milandu yambiri kuti ifufuze zimene zimachititsa kuti anthu asinthe komanso kuti asinthe. Lamulo la Dodd-Frank linachititsa zimenezi, koma kapangidwe kake kanali kochepa kwambiri kuposa mayeso oyambirira. Ofufuza za m'mabanki a Wall Street ndi makampani oteteza zachilengedwe analinganiza kampeni yaikulu yochepetsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Iwo anatsimikizira kuti malamulo a m'mayiko a Volcker awononga malonda ndi kukakamiza anthu kuti agwire ntchito kunja kwa dziko lapansi.
Mipando ya makomiti imene inayanja malamulo amphamvu inapezeka kuti inagonjetsedwa ndi pepala loyendera logwirizana lomwe silinali chabe kukopa anthu mwachindunji komanso progress (kugulitsa) yolinganizidwa ndi magulu a malonda. Malo ofikira ku banki owonongedwa oposa $100 miliyoni mu 2009-2010 okha, mogwirizana ndi [FLT :1] Call Call . Pamapeto pake, zinthu zambiri zachiwawa zinachotsedwa kapena kutsanulidwa. Maupandu amakhalidwe amene anathandizira kuvutitsidwa ku tsokalo sanachedwe kwenikweni, monga momwe njira za za zachuma zotsatirapo zasonyezera.
Kumva za M’malo Okhala ndi Mkhalidwe Wabwino
Kusintha kwa nyengo, makutu akhala malo ankhondo kumene asayansi otchuka amatsutsa kugwirizana kwa makampani aakulu asayansi. Makampani a zopangapanga mafuta akhala ndi njira yokayikitsa kupanga. Izi zinaonekera m'makutu a Cec Power Plan ndipo pambuyo pake Green New Deal. Osonkhezera a makampani akabweretsa mboni zimene zinapeputsa kusintha kwa nyengo kapena kunena kuti ndalama zimene zimawonongedwa ndizo zapamwamba kwambiri, ngakhale kuti pali umboni wochuluka wotsutsana ndi zimenezi.
Chitsanzo chodziŵika chinachitika mu 2015, pamene bungwe la Serten Environment and Public Works Committee linapereka thamo la mlandu lokhala ndi mutu wakuti “Chinsinsi Chake cha Malo Oyera. Mboni zambiri zinagwirizana ndi magulu amene analandira ndalama kuchokera ku makampani a malasha ndi mafuta. mpando wa komitiyo, amene adalandira ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku makampani amagetsi, anagwiritsira ntchito chikalata chake kuchepetsa umboni wa asayansi a za nyengo ndi kuyendetsa kumvetsera nkhani za ndalama ndi ulamuliro walamulo.
Kuchepa kwa Kudalirika kwa Anthu
Pamene mawailesi a anthu onse akumva ndi kuzindikira kuti zotulukapo zake zaikidwiratu ndi zikondwerero zapadera, kukhulupirira mabungwe a demokrase kukuwonongeka. Kuipitsa kuchokera ku [[FLT: 0] Center yofufuza mokhazikika kumasonyeza kuti pafupifupi magawo atatu a magawo a anthu a ku America amakhulupirira kuti ochirikiza ndi zikondwerero zapadera ali ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu kwambiri ku Washington. Lingaliro limeneli silili lopanda maziko [1] Ilo maziko a njira zowonekera za makhalidwe.
Kumva kumene kumaonedwa kukhala kopanda pake kapena kodzionetsera. Ofufuza ayamba kukhulupirira kuti oimira awo samvetsera iwo koma kwa wowasankha wamkulu. Kusuliza kumeneku kumathandizira kuchepetsa wovota, kuchepetsa kufunitsitsa kuchita nawo moyo wa anthu, ndi chikhumbo chomakula cha otsutsa amene amalonjeza “kuloŵa m'madambo. Chodabwitsa nchakuti, ena mwa ofunsirawo, amene anasankhidwa, amakhala mbali ya dongosolo limodzi la chisonkhezero, kuwonjezera mafunso onena kuti kaya kusintha kwatanthauzo nkotheka.
Chiyambukiro chake chiri chachikulu kwambiri makamaka pa nkhani zimene anthu amakhala ndi malingaliro amphamvu, monga ngati kusamalira thanzi, kuyendetsa mfuti, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Pamene mayeso alephera kupanga kachitidwe, kusemphana kwa malingaliro a anthu ndi zotulukapo za lamulo kumawonekera. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kwasonyeza kuchirikiza kwakukulu kwa anthu kaamba ka malamulo a mfuti zowopsa pambuyo pa kuwomberana kwa anthu, komabe kumvetsera kwa bungwe la ogwirizana kumakhala kutsutsana kwamphamvu ndipo sikutulutsa lamulo nkomwe.
Kusintha Zinthu ndi Zolephera Zake
Pozindikira vutoli, anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu apereka njira zingapo zothetsera vuto la kukhudzana ndi maulamuliro a anthu.
Zofunika za Kukonza Zinthu
Chikalata cha Lobbing Dislosure Act cha 1995, komanso zimene chinakonza mu 2007 pa mfundo za Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, zimafuna kuti anthu owakakamiza alembetse, alembe malipoti, ndi kuulula zinthu zimene akufuna, komanso nkhani zimene akugwiritsa ntchito. Malamulowa amalamulanso kuti anthu atulutse ndalama zimene akonza pochita kampeni.
Kuchepetsa Malipiro ndi Kuthandiza Anthu
Kugwirizana pakati pa zopereka za ndawala ndi kupezeka kwa milandu kwalembedwa bwino. Mamembala a Congress ali othekera kwambiri kuvomereza zifuno zochokera kwa opereka ndi kuitana mboni zoperekedwa ndi iwo. Kuswa kugwirizana kumeneku, ochirikiza akakamiza kaamba ka kuchirikiza kwapoyera ndi kuchirikiza madongosolo a zamalonda, onga ngati aja a ku New York City ndi amene analingaliridwa ndi boma kupyolera mwa Fair Econsons Now Act.
Otsutsa atsutsa kuti ndalama za anthu ndi malire a kuchuluka kwa mawu kapena kuti amawononga ndalama za msonkho. Ngakhale kumene kuli ndalama za anthu, sizimachotsa chisonkhezero cha kugwiritsa ntchito kunja kupyolera mwa ma PC ndi magulu a ndalama zakuda, zimene zingachulukebe ndi mboni zochirikiza ndi kulemberana makalata. Zosankha za Khoti Lapamwamba mu [FLT: 0] Citazens United ndi [FLT:] MCCcheon kuwonjezerapo kukhoza kwa kuchepetsa kuyendetsa ndawala ya , kupanga kusintha kwatanthauzo pamlingo wa boma.
Nthaŵi Zofeŵetsa ndi Malamulo Okakamiza
Kuti achepetse ntchito yokonza makampani, mu 2007, bungwe la Honest Leadership and Open Government Act linalamula kuti anthu akale oimira nyumba azikhala ndi zaka ziwiri zozizira komanso kuti chaka chimodzi azikhala ndi anthu a m'nyumba asanakakamize anzawo akale. Komabe, lamulo silimawaletsa kulowa m'makampani otsata anthu otsata anzawo kuti akhale ngati “olandira chithandizo cha boma. Osati olembetsa otsa malonda, ndipo siliwaletsa kuyang’anira nthambi ya akuluakulu.
Ochirikiza kusintha ena aletsa kwa moyo wonse kusonkhezera mamembala akale a Congress, koma lamulo lalamulo limeneli likuyang’anizana ndi mavuto. Ena akupereka lingaliro la kuwonjezera nyengo ya kuzizira kuti iphatikize ndi kuigwiritsira ntchito kusonkhezera nthambi iliyonse ya boma. Kufikira pano, njira zoterozo zakhala zikuikidwa m'gulu la Congress limene limadalira kwambiri pa mkhalidwe wa zamoyo.
Kupanikizika ndi Zida Zothandiza Kuona Bwino Mazira
Magulu akunja ndi atolankhani ayesa kubweretsa kuonekera kowonjezereka kwa akumva okha. Magulu onga Thununi Foundation ndi Proublica [ . Kuchokera ku malo a mboni, zopereka, ndi kugwirizana ndi magulu achisangalalo. [FLT:] Nyumba ya Malobolo imasunga pulogalamu ya kutembenuza kutembenuza, ngakhale kuti siigwiritsa ntchito mwaubwenzi. Chiŵerengero chomakula cha anthu amagwiritsa ntchito [FLT:] Govrack. kapena [FLT:]
Komabe ngakhale kuti pali zipangizo zimenezi, anthu sadziwa zambiri zokhudza mmene amalankhulirana asanayambire. Misonkhano yapakhomo, chakudya chamwayi, ndi kukambirana kwapamseri pakati pa makomiti ndi otsatsa malonda sizimalembedwa kamodzikamodzi. Kuonekeratu kwenikweni kungafunikire kusintha kwa masinthidwe a mmene Nyumba za Malamulo zimagwirira ntchito . Kusintha kumene opanga malamulo ambiri amatsutsa chifukwa chakuti dongosolo lamakonoli limagwira ntchito yawo.
Tsogolo la Kutsekereza m’Milanduwo ya Malamulo
Chisonkhezero cha osonkhezera akumva sichiri chosapeŵeka, koma kuchisintha kudzafunikira chitsenderezo chokhalitsa kuchokera kwa onse aŵiri ovota ndi okonzanso zinthu.
Kuchuluka kwa makompyuta otsatsa malonda ndiponso makompyuta kwachititsa kuti anthu ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zothandizira anthu kuti ayambe kumvetsera nkhani. Kampeni yotchuka kwambiri imasonyeza mmene nkhani ya m’nyuzipepala imakhudzira anthu, kuchititsa kuti anthu opanga malamulo atetezedwe.
Kumbali ina, zida zofananazo za magetsi zimapatsa nzika mphamvu ya kulinganiza. Kufalikira kwa makutu a moyo ndi ndemanga za manyuzipepala a anthu kumatanthauza kuti funso lililonse, ndemanga iliyonse yaumboni, ndi yankho lililonse lobisika, zinalembedwa ndipo zingapendedwe. Magulu a anthu aluso angayese mwamsanga zonena za zinthu zonenedwa m'makutu ndi kuchititsa opanga malamulo kukhala oŵerengera mlandu wa kufalitsa. [[FLT] Wall Street [1] ndi [[FLT:] Party [FLT]
Masinthidwe ena a bungwe akuwonjezereka. Mwachitsanzo, opanga malamulo ambiri alonjeza kusatenga ndalama ku maindasitale ena kapena kusungitsa “makutu a anthu” amene amaphatikizapo mboni zambiri. Sasankha Komiti Yoona za Chigwirizano cha Malamulo yakhala ikulingalira maprogramu otsogolera osankha anthu ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri. Ngati zoyesayesa zimenezi zidzakula kukhala kusintha kwa dongosolo la zinthu kusatsimikizirika.
Zimene Nzika Zingachite
Ngakhale kuti nzika za mtundu uliwonse sizingachotseretu chiwiya chofikira, kutenga nawo mbali kodziŵitsa kungayambitse kusintha. Kulemba mipando ya komiti, kumvetsera mwaumwini kapena kuonerera pa Intaneti, ndi kuchirikiza magulu amene amakopa ntchito zonse. Chida champhamvu koposa ndicho kuvota. Opanga malamulo amene amayang'anizana ndi zitokoso zazikulu kapena otsutsa chiphuphu ndi chiyambukiro chapadera ali othekera kwambiri kuchirikiza kusintha.
Pomalizira pake, funso silikunena kuti kaya okopa ena ali ndi chisonkhezero chapadera, koma ngati chisonkhezerocho chiri chowoneka, choŵerengera, ndi cholinganizika ndi chikondwerero cha anthu. Kumvetsera kwa Congress kungakhale maziko a kugamula kwa demokrase, kapena kungakhale poyambira kuchita. Chosankhacho, pang’onopang’ono ndi modekha, chiri cha anthu a ku America.