Kuzindikira Mbali ya Kusankha Koyambirira m’Kuchotsa Zosankha Zaukulu Kumatulukapo

Dongosolo la voti la ku America limadalira pa njira ziŵiri: masankho aakulu kusankha gulu la oimira, tsatira ndi masankho osankhidwa kusankha woyang'anira. Pamene kuli kwakuti masankho onse amatenga chisamaliro chapoyera, masankho aakulu amapereka chisonkhezero chachikulu ndi chofala pa amene amapambana mu November. Masankho aakulu amasankha osati kokha opita ku makampani aakulu, mlingo wa kufunitsitsa kwa ovota, ndi chuma chapadera chimene chilipo ku maprojekiti. Kwa ophunzira a sayansi ndi aphunzitsi a zandale zadziko, kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa mmene mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu apamwamba a masinthidwe aliri ofunika kumvetsetsa mphamvu zazikulu za demokrase ya dziko la Amereka.

Chisankho chachikulu sichili kokha mwambo wa kusankhidwa; iwo ali malo ankhondo kumene magulu a zipani amapikisana, kumene magulu atsopano a ndale zadziko angabuke, ndi kumene malo a ndale zadziko angasinthe. Zosankha zopangidwa ndi gulu laling’ono ndi losaimira la ojambula oyambirira zingakhale ndi ziyambukiro zowopsa pa osankhidwa a onse. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza masinthidwe aakulu, chiyambukiro chawo pa zotulukapo za kusankhidwa, zitsanzo za mbiri yakale, ndi zitokozo zimene zimabwera ndi mlingo wokulirawu wa kalenda ya voti.

Kodi Kusankha Koyambirira N’kutani?

Masankho oyambirira ndi osankhidwa oyambirira ndi zipani za ndale zadziko kuti asankhe osankhidwa pa masankho a onse. Mosiyana ndi masankho a anthu onse, amene amavotedwa, ma projekiti amangokhala a ziwalo za chipani kapena, m'mayiko ena, kuvotera anthu amene amasankha kugwirizana ndi chipani pa Tsiku la Chisankho. Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kuchepetsa mbali ya kuthekera kwa kusankhidwa kwa mameno ndi kusiyanitsa zimene zikufuna pa chipani.

Masankho aakulu sakugwirizana mu United States yense. United States atengera zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana, chimodzi ndi chimodzi chimene chimakhudza kusankha munthu ndi kutenga nawo mbali. Mitundu yaikulu imaphatikizapo:

  • Otsekedwa: Mamembala a chipani cholembetsedwa okha angavote m'chigawo chawo chachikulu. Dongosololi limalimbikitsa kukhulupirika kwa chipani ndi kuletsa "oyang'anira" kuvota . Kumene ziŵalo za chipani chimodzi za chivoti cha chipani chinacho zimasonkhezera kusankhidwa kwa wotsutsa wofooka.
  • Open aup Pribial : Ovota ovomerezeka angavote m'chipani chachikulu cha chipani chilichonse, mosasamala kanthu za chipani chawo. Chitsanzo chimenechi chimaloleza kutengamo mbali yokulirapo koma chingatsogolere ku kuvota kwapadera, kumene ovota amayesa kusokoneza gulu lotsutsalo.
  • Semi- Otsekedwa: Osankha osafuna (odzidalira) amaloledwa kusankha gulu lalikulu limene akufuna kuvotera, pamene ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa ziyenera kuvotera m'gulu lawo. Chitsanzo chimenechi chimagwirizanitsa kumasuka ndi kudalirika kwa chipani.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kukwera-ŵiri Prime: Oyembekezera kulowa onse, mosasamala kanthu za chipani, amawonekera pa chisankho chimodzi chachikulu. Opanga mavoti aŵiri, mosasamala kanthu za chipani, akupita patsogolo ku chisankho cha onse. California ndi Washington amagwiritsira ntchito njira imeneyi, imene ingachititse ofunsira aŵiri kuchokera ku gulu limodzimodzilo kupikisana mu November.

Dongosolo lililonse limaumba chinsinsi m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Kutsekeka kwa maprimie kumayanja oyembekezera kuikidwa mopambanitsa chifukwa chakuti ndi ziŵalo za gulu zodzipereka koposa zokha zimene zimavota. Kutseguka ndi ma Primite aŵiri apamwamba kumapanga ofunsira oyenera chifukwa chakuti amajambula osankhidwa ochuluka.

Ntchito Yosankha Anthu Ochita Zinthu Mwapadera

Masankho aakulu amatumikira ntchito zina zofunika kwambiri kuposa kungosankha . Amachita monga chosefa chimene chimayesa oyembekezera kuyesedwa, kuwakakamiza kukhazikitsa malo a malamulo, ndipo amamanga dongosolo lofunikira pa mkupiti wa masankho onse.

  • [[FLT: 0] Zotsatira za Party: Upandu umavumbula zinthu zofunika kwambiri za maziko a chipani. Okhoza kupambana m'mapriging ndi awo amene amaimira bwino lomwe malingaliro a chipani chawo, amene angasiyane kuchokera pa kutengerapo kwa chikalata mpaka pa kupititsa patsogolo Chikhristu.
  • Kugawana kwa Voter: Upandu ungapatse osankha kuchiyambi kwa nyengo ya masankho, kuyambitsa lingaliro la kukhala mwini pa nyumu. Kusintha kwakukulu kaŵirikaŵiri kumasintha ndi masankho apamwamba, monga ovota amene ali ndi phande m'chilimwe ali othekera kwambiri kubwerera ku masankho mu November.
  • Kufotokoza Platform ya Policy Depane: Ofuna kusiyanitsa opalamula pankhani zimene zili zofunika ku zipani. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku makambitsirano a zamwambo ndi kuthandiza ovota kumvetsa njira zimene zilipo.
  • Kampani Yomanga: Pamasukulu, magulu a ndawala okonzekera, kusonkhanitsa magulu a ndawala, kuyambitsa madongosolo opereka ndalama, ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito zaudzu. Mkupiti waukulu umasiya chikhomo chachikulu ndi makina okonzeka a gulu amene angaperekedwe ku masankho a onse.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mabungwe a Chipani: Opambutsa avumbula timagulu ta mkati. Njira imene oyembekezera kugawidwa kumeneku amachitira ndi magaŵanowa [1] Kaya mwa kugwirizanitsa chipani kapena kuwonjezera mavuto [1] kungadziŵitse mphamvu ya chipanicho yopita ku chisankho.

Kusintha kwa Zosankha Zachikulu pa Zotsatira za Chisankho

Chisonkhezero cha masankho aakulu pa zigamulo za osankhidwa onse nchosiyanasiyana. Mphamvu za nyengo yoyamba zingakhazikitse munthu kuti apambane kapena kuwawononga nkhondo yachisawawa isanayambe. Zinthu zofunika zimaphatikizapo mphamvu ya ofuna kuloŵa, chipani, wovota, woulutsa nkhani, ndi kukhazikitsa maganizo a munthu wotchuka.

Kubisa Kachipangizo Kotulutsa Madzi ndi Zoulutsira Nkhani

Kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu m'mapulaneti oyambirira ndi macaucus kungayambitse "kusintha kwa mphamvu ya wailesi," kumene chisamaliro cha oulutsa nkhani ndi ndalama zoperekedwa zimapita ku malo owonekera kukhala a patsogolo a . Kusintha kumeneku kungapereke munthu kupyola nyengo yapadera ndi kusankhidwiratu kwa onse. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2020, Joe Biden , wopambana kwambiri anapambana mu South Carolina pambuyo pobwezeranso ntchito yake pambuyo pomaliza ntchito yake mu Iowa, New Hampshire, ndi Nevada. Chilakikocho chinachititsa kuvomereza kuchirikiza kusankhidwa koyenera, komalizira kutsogolera ku Democratichom ndi pambuyo pake.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, mpikisano waukulu wokhalitsa ndi wowawa ungawononge kutchula zofooka, kuvumbula makhalidwe oipa, ndi kusiya wobatizidwayo akutha ndi ndalama. Mu 2016, boma la Republican linali lalitali kwambiri ndi lokalimbira, Donald Trump atayang’anizana ndi ziwawa zopitirizabe zonga ngati Ted Cruz ndi Marco Rubio. Pamene Trump anapambana pomalizira pake kutsutsa kwake, nkhondo yaikulu yotsutsa munthu mkati mwa gululo, ndipo mabalawo anatenga nthaŵi yaitali kuti achiritse.

Umodzi wa Chipani ndi Magaŵano Ochita Chidwi

Upandu ungagwirizanitse chipani kapena kukulitsa zigaŵano zomwe zilipo. Kugwirizanitsa kwakukulukulu . Pamene chipanicho chimatumiza uthenga wa mphamvu kwa osankhidwa onse. Mosiyana, chinthu chachikulu chogaŵanitsa chingayambitse "nkhondo yachipani" mkati mwa chipani, ndi ochirikiza otayika oyembekezera kudzimva kukhala opatulidwa ndipo osathekera kwenikweni kuvotera osankhidwawo mu November.

Zitsanzo za mbiri yakale zimasonyeza zimenezi. Mu 1968, Democratic yaikulu pakati pa Eugene McCarty , Robert Kennedy, ndi Hubert Humphrey adaswa chipani cha nkhondo ndi mizera ya nkhondo. Potsirizira pake, Judenti Humphrey, Pulezidenti Humphrey , sanapikisane ndi mapulani alionse (anayamba kuthamanga pambuyo pa kupha kwa Kennedy ndi msonkhano) ndipo anaonedwa monga gulu mkati. Magulu aakulu anathandizira kutsutsa pa Democratic National Convention ku Chicago ndipo potsirizira pake anathandiza Richard Nimon kuwina presition. Kusiyanitsa, mu 2016, Democras anagwirizana kwambiri kumbuyo kwa Highly Strison pambuyo pa kutsutsana ndi Bernie Sandrs, ngakhale kuti anthu ena a Sand amagwirizana nawo kwambiri.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu ndi Kufunitsitsa

Chisankho chachikulu chingayambitse changu cha wovota chimene chimatsogolera ku chisankho cha onse. Mipikisano yaikulu ndi oyembekezera kukakamiza kaŵirikaŵiri imakopa ovota atsopano ku pulogalamu. Mwachitsanzo, Barack Obama's 2008 ya mkupiti waukulu inasonkhanitsa chiŵerengero cha ana ndi ovota oyamba, ambiri a iwo adatsalabe pa chisankho cha onse ndi kumthandiza kupambana kotheratu. Mofananamo, kutengetsa kwa udzu kwa Donald Trump mu 2016 kunakopa mamiliyoni a ovota atsopano kukhala otchuka a Republican, ndipo ambiri a ovotawo adamtembenuzira iye m'sankhoti ya onse.

Komabe, kutsika kwa kadutswa kamodzi kangapangitse munthu amene amalephera kusanthula chisankho chachikulu. M'mapromostation , nthaŵi zambiri amatsika kwambiri [1] nthaŵi zina 20% a anthu osankhidwa pansi pa 20% apadera . Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti anthu amene amatuluka m’mabande a pansi pa nthaka amaoneka kukhala opambanitsa kwambiri ndipo angayesetse kupambana pa chisankho.

Kulingalira kwa Malo: "Primary Shift"

Imodzi mwa njira zapadera kwambiri zimene anthu otchuka amathandizira kusankha anthu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zapamwamba. Ofuna kutchuka kwambiri amafunika kukopa anthu a m'gulu la anthu amene amavota m’zigawo za pulinsitala . Nthaŵi zambiri amalola (kwa Democrates) kapena osunga mwambo kwambiri (a ku Republica) kuposa wovota wamba. Ofuna kuchititsa maganizo olakwika kwambiri kapena apamwamba a anthu a m’tchalitchicho. Ochititsa ofufuzawo ayenera kuchita zinthu zimene zili bwino kwambiri kuposa zimene zingachitike pa kusankha anthu wamba.

Chochitika chimenechi nthaŵi zina chimatchedwa "kusintha kwa mawu otsatirika" kapena "kubwezera mawu . Ofufuza amene amayang'anizana ndi zitokoso zazikulu kuchokera ku chigawo chawo chakutali kaŵirikaŵiri amasintha zolembedwa zawo zovota ndi kulankhula kuti apeŵe kugonjetsedwa. Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, zimenezi zingakoketse gulu lonselo ku kupambanitsa, kupangitsa kuti likhale lovuta kwambiri kuti gululo lipambane m'zigawo zocheperapo kapena zosinthasinthasintha. Kufufuza kwa asayansi andale monga David Brady, John Ferejohn, ndi Brandice Canes-Warone kwasonyeza kuti oyendetsa masankho awo ambiri apange masankho, koma chiwopsezo cha chiwopsezo chachikulu cha makhalidwe oipa.

Nthaŵi zina, kusinthako kungakhale kodabwitsa kwambiri kwakuti munthu wosankhidwa amasankha munthu amene akugaŵanitsa kwambiri dziko, mwakutero kupanga chisankho cha onse kukhala chosapikisana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2010 ndi 2012, anthu ambiri a Tea Party anapambana pa Republican primerimen koma kenako analephera kupambana mpikisano wa kusankha chifukwa chakuti malo awo anali ovuta kwambiri kwa osankha. Koma, opita kutsogolo oyenerera amene amapulumuka chitokoso chachikulu popanda kupita kumapeto kwa mfundo zapamwamba angapambane bwino mu November.

Zitsanzo Zakale za Chisonkhezero Chachikulu pa Zosankha Zawo

Malamulo a Democratic Prime (Malamulo a Chimola) ndi Kugwa kwa Chipani cha Anthu a ku 1968

Chisankho cha pulezidenti mu 1968 chimakhala chimodzi cha zitsanzo zowonekera bwino za mmene chipwirikiti chachikulu chingapangire chigamulo cha chisankho. Pulezidenti Lyndon B. Johnson anayang'anizana ndi chitokoso champhamvu chotsutsa nkhondo kuchokera kwa Senator Eugene McCarthy ndi Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Pambuyo pa Johnson kuleka mpikisano, prigalamu inakhala nkhondo pakati pa Kennedy, McCArty, ndi Pulezidenti Hubertphrey (adapanda kupikisana m'malamulo koma anadalira pa gulu la mkati mwa ). Kuphana kwa Kennedy mu June 1968 adasiya gulu la chipwirikiti. Democratic National Convention ku Chicago adadziŵika ndi chigawa chachiwawa ndi gulu logawa kwambiri. Hum adapambana kulephera kuchepetsa kupambana koma anagonjetsa mpikisano wa gulu lankhondo.

Maboma Olamulira Mwachidemokrase a 2008: Ayamba Kuthandiza Anthu Kuphunzira za Chikhalidwe Chatsopano

Mu 2008, Democratic ya Barack Obama ndi Hillary Clinton inali imodzi ya mapulaneti opikisana kwambiri ndi otchuka kwambiri m'mbiri. Ofuna kubatizidwa anawononga zolemba ndi kutumiza mapepala a ovota atsopano mamiliyoni ambiri. Chilakiko cha Obama ku Iowa caucuses ndi mphamvu yake yolimba m’nyengo yoyamba inamlola kumanga nyumba za udzu zoopsa kwambiri. Iye anaimanso monga wosintha zinthu, zimene zinagwirizana ndi gulu la achinyamata a ku Africa, ndi a ku Africa. Mgwirizano umenewu unapita ku voti yaikulu, kumene Obama anagonjetsa John McCain. Njira yoyamba imene siinasankhidwa kuti akhale ndi namine koma inapanganso chivomerezo ndi kutchuka mu November.

Chisankho cha mu 2016: Upandu Uli mbali Zonse ziŵiri

Chisankho cha 2016 chimasonyeza mmene maprigalamu angapangire oyembekezera kukhala ogwirizana kumbali zonse ziŵiri. Kumbali ya Republican, Donald Trump anagwiritsira ntchito malo oyamba okulira okhulupirika a ovota amene ananyalanyazidwa ndi gululo. Kachitidwe kake kankhanza ndi malo apamwamba zinachonderera gululi, ndipo adapambana pambuyo pa kugonjetsa munda wa anthu ambiri amwambo wa Republican . Pamene poyamba anapatsidwa mpata wochepa wa kupambana pa chisankho, mkupiti wake waukulu unamanga gulu limene linasintha mwamphamvu m'mabwalo ankhondo, kuphatikizapo Pennsylvaniaunia, Michigan, ndi Halons. Kumbali ya Democracratic , Aglary Clinton anayang'anizana ndi chitokoso ku Bernie Sanders, amene anatulutsa chitokosokoso chachikulu ngakhale kuti iye anataya chivomenti chachikulu. Ddemocracracracratic Florida inathandiza kutulutsa chivoti cha chivoti cha chivoti cha chivoti cha chivoti cha chiwiri chachikulu.

Zitokoso ndi Kusuliza Zosankha Zawo Zoyambirira

Ngakhale kuti masankho aakuluwo ndi ofunika kwambiri, anthu ambiri amatsutsa kwambiri zimene anthu amachita posankha anthu, chifukwa chakuti pamakhala zinthu zina zimene anthu ambiri amalakwitsa posankha, zingachititse kuti anthu asakhale ndi mtima wa demokalase.

  • Avoti ali odzipereka ndi Osati Oimira : Masankho aakulu nthaŵi zonse amakhala ndi wovota wotsika, kaŵirikaŵiri pafupifupi 10-30% wa ovota m'nyengo zapakati. Osankhawo amasankha kukhala oikizidwa kwambiri pandale, achikulire, ndi opambanitsa kuposa a pagulu lachikatikati. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti kagulu kakang'ono, kosaimira kaguluka kamakhala ndi ufulu wosankha. Maphunziro a Pew Research Center apeza kuti nthaŵi zambiri kampani yaikulu ya chivoti ndiyo yogawa ndi yapadera kuposa osankhidwa, imene ingachititse kusakhala ndi anthu omvera amene sasonyeza chipani chachikulu kapena mtundu.
  • Kuloŵerera kwa Ndalama ndi Zikondwerero zapadera: Ndemanga zachidule zingawonongeke monga mpikisano wa masankho, makamaka mipando yapamwamba ya pulogalamu. Opereka ndalama kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa opereka chuma, makomiti a ndale zadziko, ndi magulu odzifunira. Kubwera kwa ndalama kungakulitse mawu a olemera pa ndalama za osankhidwa wamba. Otsutsa amanena kuti opatawo amene amapata malo ogwirira ntchito chifukwa cha kuchirikiza ndalama angawonedwe kwa operekawo, osati kwa makampani awo. Kupereka ndalama kwa ndawala mkunja m'mafakitale kungaletsenso otsutsa mwamphamvu amene alibe ndalama zopereka ndalama.
  • Kusintha ndi Chiyambi cha Extremism: Masinthidwe aakulu a masankho angathandizire kugaŵana kwa ndale zadziko. Chifukwa chakuti ma primenti kaŵirikaŵiri amagamulidwa ndi ochirikiza ndi ojambula maganizo, oyembekezera amaikidwa kukhala ndi zigamulo zolimba kuti apambane. "kukakamiza kwachilamuliro" kumeneku kungapangitse magawa kuchoka pakati, kupanga kulolerana m'boma ndi masankhoti a anthu ambiri. Kufufuza kwina kumalingalira kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa maluwa olondola mwachindunji kuchiyambiyambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, pamene kuli kolinganizidwira kuchotsa mosadziŵa kukwera kwa makampani otsogolera amene adasankhapo oyenerera.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kampani Yolimbana ndi Unyinji Waumwini: Upandu ungakhale woipa kwambiri, makamaka ofuna kulowa pa chipani chimodzi kuukirana kuti apeze ovota amodzimodzi. Kuukira kumeneku kungapereke zipolopolo kwa gulu lotsutsana m'chosankha. Kuukira ndi mawu ogaŵanitsa kuchokera ku primeary kungachotsenso ovota, makamaka awo amene anachirikiza wopambanayo ndi kuopa kutsata wopambanayo.

Kusintha ndi Njira Zina Zosinthira M’dongosolo Latsopano

Cholinga cha kusintha kumeneku n’chakuti ana azidzalamulira malo osiyanasiyana, asakhale ndi anthu ambiri ogwirizana ndi dziko lawo, ndiponso kuti anthu ena azipambana pa masankho.

  • Malamulo Apamwamba - Aŵiri ndi Apamwamba: Monga momwe kwatchulidwira, ma primmal aŵiri amalola oyembekezera onse kuthamanga pa chilolezo chimodzi, ndi omaliza aŵiri opita patsogolo mosasamala kanthu za gulu. Dongosololi latengedwa ku California ndi Washington. Ochirikiza amatsutsa kuti ofunsirawo ayenera kufunsira kwa osankhidwa, osati kokha a gulu lokhulupirika. Otsutsa amadandaula kuti litsogolera kwa oyembekezera aŵiri kuchokera ku gulu limodzi loyang'anizana nalo, kutsekera bwino mapwando aang'ono. Kusinthana, pamwamba-chinayi kumene kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ku Alaska, magawo aŵiri ndi mavoti apamwamba osankhidwa m'kawolo.
  • Ngati wobatizidwa wachotsedwa- Choice Voting mu Primes: Maiko ena amagwiritsira ntchito kusanthula koikidwa ndi chisankho chachikulu, kulola ovota kukhazikitsa oyembekezera m’njira yosankha. Ngati palibe wofunsira amene alandira unyinji, wosankha womalizira wa malo amachotsedwa ndipo mavoti awo amachotsedwa kufikira munthu wina atafika kwa unyinji. RCV angalimbikitse oyembekezera kukulitsa migwirizano ndi kuchepetsa ndawala yotsutsa, monga momwe oyembekezera angafunira mavoti achiŵiri a mpikisano kwa opikisana.
  • Atsegula Oparta ndi Nonpartisan Princial: Kutsegulira ovota odziimira okha kungachepetsenso njirayo. M'maboma okhala ndi mapulogalamu otsegulidwa, oyembekezera ayenera kukopa omvetsera ambiri, kuphatikizapo odziimira, omwe angawakoketse iwo ku chigawo. Osintha zinthu ena ochirikiza osakhala a partistan, kumene ofunsira onse amandandandalikidwa popanda mapepala a gulu, kuwonjezera kuchepetsa kupo kupo.
  • Kuchuluka kwa Primary Voter Turnout : Zoyesayesa zowonjezera m'mabande zimaphatikizapo kutumiza masiku oyambirira kuti awonjezere kuwoneka, kulola kulembetsa kwa tsiku limodzi, ndi kuchititsa makalata m'malo mwa kuvota kwa pa Intaneti. Pamene anthu ambiri asankha, osankhira amakhala oimira kwambiri, ndipo opangitsawo amawonekera kwambiri kukhala okwanira m’gululo mmalo mwa kuchititsa kutchuka.
  • Kusintha kwa Ndalama: Kuchepetsa ntchito ya ndalama m'mapulaneti [1] Kupyolera mwa ndawala zoyendetsedwa kapena zofunika kwambiri zoperekedwa poyera kapena kuvumbula zinthu zofunikira kuwona mtima kungachepetse chisonkhezero cha anthu olemera ndi zikondwerero zapadera. Ena amalingalira njira zazing'ono zoyendera zimene zimawonjezera mawu a anthu wamba ovota.

Kumaliza: Chisonkhezero Chopitirizabe cha Apandu pa Chisankho Chachisawawa

Chisankho chachikulu si njira yoyambirira; iwo ali mphamvu yotsimikizirika kuumba oyembekezera, mapangano, ndi malo alamulo amene amalongosola masankho a anthu onse. Kuyambira pa kupita patsogolo kwa chipambano chochepa mu Iowa mpaka kuima kwa maganizo kokakamizidwa ndi munda wodzaza ndi anthu, mbali iliyonse ya njira zoyambirira imasintha kuti ikhudze amene apambana mu November. Nkhani ya mu 1968, 2008, ndi 2016 imasonyeza kuti ma prime angapange maziko a chilakiko kapena kuswa gulu losakonzeka. Pamene United States ikupitirizabe kulimbana ndi nkhani za kukwera chigawo, kuvomereza, ndi kuimira, kuzindikira chisonkhezero cha masankhoti aakulu pa masankhoti aakulu a masankhoti imakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense wofuna kupita ku malo kapena kuphunzitsa dongosolo la ndale zadziko la America.

Aphunzitsi angagwiritsire ntchito chidziŵitso chimenechi kuthandiza ophunzira kuwona kupyola pa mitu yankhani ya chisankho ndi kuzindikira kuti mpikisano weniweni kaŵirikaŵiri umayamba miyezi ingapo kumbuyoko, m’mapulaneti. Mwa kusanthula njira, zitsanzo za mbiri yakale, ndi masinthidwe olingaliridwa, timapeza chithunzi chomvekera bwino cha mmene zosankha zopangidwa m’masinthidwe oyambika omwe timayang’anizana nawo mu November. Mtsogolo mwa democracy ya Amereka zingadalire pa mmene timasankhira masankhoti ameneŵa a pa wailesi ya wailesi.