Kumvetsa Tsiku Losankha N’kofunika

Masiku a chisankho ali oposa kwambiri zikwangwani zauyang'aniro pa kalendala; iwo ali ozikidwa ku umphumphu, kupezeka, ndi kuyenerera kwa ntchito za demokrase. Nthaŵi ya chisankho ingasonkhezere amene amavota, mmene makampani amayendetsedwa, ndipo ngakhale nkhani ziti zimene zimalamulira nkhani zapoyera. Kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi nzika zoikizidwa, kumvetsetsa utokoma wa malamulo, miyambo ya mbiri yakale, ndi zopinga zopindulitsa zimene zimapanga madongosolo a democracy zimene zimagwira ntchito. Chitsogozochi chimafufuza kugamula kwa mademo a mademo osankhidwa pa dziko lonse, boma, ndi milingo ya kumaloko, zimapenda zinthu zimene zimasonkhezera zosankha zimenezi, ndi kugogomezera zotsatirapo zenizeni za mapulani a dziko.

Zisankho za Dziko: Malamulo Osasintha ndi Malamulo a Malamulo

Masankho adziko amalamulidwa ndi malamulo a dziko kapena malamulo apakati a masankho, amene amakhazikitsa deti loikidwiratu kapena windo lofotokozera lopangira masankho. Malingaliro a malamulo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amasonyeza kufanana kwa zochitika za m'mbiri, kulolera kwa ndale zadziko, ndi kufunika kwa masankho.

United States: Lachiŵiri Loyamba Pambuyo pa Lolemba Loyamba

Ku United States, masankho a boma achitidwa pa Lachiwiri loyamba pambuyo pa Lolemba loyamba mu November. Deti limeneli linavomerezedwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo mu 1845 ndipo silinasinthe kuyambira. Chigamulo cha November cha kuyambira ku chitaganya cha alimi kumene afunikira kumaliza kututa asanapite kukafufuza malo. Lachiŵiri linasankhidwa kuti lisasokoneze kulambira kwa Sande ndi kulola tsiku lathunthu la ulendo, popeza kuti ambiri osankhidwa anakhala kutali ndi mipando ya dzikolo. Komabe, Lachitatu kaŵirikaŵiri linali tsiku la msika, chotero Lachiŵiri linapereka kulolera kwabwino. Nkhani imeneyi ya mbiri ikupitirizabe mosasamala kanthu za masinthidwe aakulu m'zoyendera ndi ntchito. Pansi pa nyanja ya Abresetiss Vo (OCAV) Active Act (UV) zison'itikizo zinatumizidwa ndi asilikali ankhondo kwa masiku 45 osatsa malonda.

Madongosolo Ena a Dziko: Madeti Okhazikika

Mayiko ambiri amasankha masiku oikika a chisankho kuti atsimikizire kuti chisankho chidzakhala chotsimikizirika ndi kuchepetsa upandu wa kuponderezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, India amachita masankho a boma pa zaka zisanu zilizonse, koma masiku enieni amakhazikitsidwa ndi bungwe la Ecommotion Commission mkati mwa windolo. United Kingdom, poyerekezera, ikumagwiritsiridwa ntchito kukhala ndi madongosolo amene nduna yaikulu ingatchule chisankho pa nthaŵi iriyonse mkati mwa zaka zisanu, koma boma limakhala ndi malamulo a boma 2011 (akhalanso mu 2022) kukhazikitsa mwachidule ndandanda yoikidwiratu ya zaka zisanu kuti akhazikitse kuyang'anira. Canada alinso ndi madeti a masana a chisankho cha chisankho cha dziko lonse (zaka zinayi zilizonse pa Lolemba lachitatu mu October), ngakhale kuti bwanamnimalo akusunga mphamvu ya kusunthanga pansi pa mikhalidwe ina. Bungwe la Australia limafuna kuti likhale ndi tsiku loyambirira kukonzanso.

Ziletso za Malamulo ndi Malamulo

Malamulo a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amakhazikitsa utali wa nthaŵi yapadera ya madeti a chisankho ndi mitu ya boma, imene imakhazikitsa kutsogolo kwa masiku a chisankho. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo a U.S. amalamula kuti pulezidenti atumikire zaka zinayi, ndipo masankho amachitidwa zaka zinayi zilizonse patsiku lokhazikitsidwa. Maiko ambiri amafunanso kuti pakhale zisankho m'nyengo yakutiyakuti pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa nyumba ya malamulo, monga 60 kapena 90. Malamulo olondetsa alamulo amaletsa wopereka chisankho aliyense kuchedwa kapena kuchititsa chisankho. M'mayiko onga Germany, Federal Constigation Council Court yalamulira pa malamulo a masiku a chisankho, amatsimikizira kuti ayenera kuperekedwa ndi chidziŵitso chokwanira ndi kugwirizana ndi malamulo a democracy.

Maboma ndi Kusankha Malamulo: Malamulo Olembedwa

M’madongosolo a boma, maboma kapena zigawo kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi ulamuliro waukulu pa masiku awo a chisankho, kutsogolera ku malo osiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Kusankha kwa Boma la United States

Boma lililonse la United States limakhazikitsa masiku akeake kaamba ka masankho aakulu, masankho a boma, ndi masankho apadera. Mwachitsanzo, masiku ameneŵa amasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, New Hampshire imasunga maziko ake a pulezidenti mu January kapena February, pamene California inasuntha yoyamba kufika pa March 2024 kuti iwonjezere chisonkhezero chake. Mayiko ena, monga Texas, achita masankho aakulu mu March kaamba ka mipikisano yonse iŵiri ya boma ndi ya boma, pamene ena, monga Louisiana, amagwiritsira ntchito njira yapadera "jungle" mu November. Kusiyanako kunganenedwe ndi malamulo a malamulo a malamulo, kachitidwe kakale, ndi kuŵerengera kwa ndale. Nthaŵi zina mapangano a boma amasintha mapangano kuti afunsikire mafuko ena kapena kuti agwirizane ndi mitundu ina kapena kuti agwirizane ndi malamulo a boma, kuzoloŵera kodziŵika monga "umbikiana.

Kusankha Chigawo cha Canada

Deti lililonse la Canada limakhazikitsa masiku akeake a chisankho, ngakhale kuti ambiri atengera malamulo amakono a chisankho ofanana ndi chitsanzo cha boma. Mwachitsanzo, Ontario imachita zisankho zaka zinayi zilizonse pa Lachinayi loyamba la June, pamene British Columbia imagwiritsira ntchito deti loikika la Loŵeruka lachitatu mu October. Komabe, mofanana ndi dongosolo la boma, masankho a boma angatchedwe mwamsanga pansi pa mikhalidwe ina yake, monga ngati kusanthula kwa kusadalirana. Msanganizo wa masiku okhazikika ndi osinthika umatanthauza kuti masankhoti a chigawo nthaŵi zina angagwirizane ndi masankho a boma, koma kaŵirikaŵiri satero.

Zosankha Zapadera Pansi pa Boma

Masankho apadera odzapereka malo m'malamulo a boma kapena maofesi a boma amatchedwa ndi kazembe kapena bungwe la chisankho. Nthaŵi ya masankho ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri imaperekedwa ndi malamulo a nthaŵi za polisi, koma ikhoza kuchitika panthaŵi iliyonse ya chaka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mpando wa boma wa senate ukhala wopanda, kazembe angakhazikitse chisankho chapadera pakati pa masiku 30 ndi 90. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku kutsika kwa masankhoti amene amasonkhezeredwa kwambiri ndi zoyesayesa za projekiti. Maphunziro asonyeza kuti masankho apadera kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi ocheperapo otenga mbali m’kawolo kuposa masankho olinganizidwa, kukweza nkhani ya democratic .

Zosankha Zakumaloko: Makhalidwe Osinthasintha Koposa

Chisankho cha kumaloko, kuphatikizapo cha mabungwe a mzinda, makomiti a sukulu, makhonsati a zigawo, ndi zigawo zapadera, nzondandalitsidwa ndi malamulo a boma kapena malamulo a kuyendetsa zinthu. Zimenezi zimapanga kusiyana kwakukulu ngakhale m'dziko limodzi. Nthaŵi ya masankho a kumaloko ikhoza kuyambukira kwambiri wovota ndi kupangidwa kwa boma la kumaloko.

Ulamuliro wa Boma la Kumeneko ndi Ulamuliro wa Panyumba

Maboma ambiri amapatsa "loyamo" ku mizinda ndi magawo, kuwalola kukhazikitsa masiku awoawo a masankho malinga ngati agwirizana ndi zitsogozo za boma. Mwachitsanzo, ku New York, matauni ena amachita masankho mu November, pamene kuli kwakuti ena amagwiritsira ntchito March kapena May. ku California, magawo ambiri a sukulu amachita masankho tsiku limodzi monga magawo a boma mu June, koma ena amasankha masiku a kupuma kwa nsalu. Kusintha kumeneku kungakhale kopindulitsa kwa anthu amene akufuna kukambirana nkhani za dzikolo mosiyana ndi zandale za dzikolo, koma kumapanganso mtolo kwa ovoti apitirize kuyang'anira masiku ambiri a masankhoti chaka chonse.

Zosankha Zolimba: Njira Yopezera Njira Yapamwamba

Kuti athetse kutsika ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, maulamuliro ambiri a kumaloko agwirizanitsa masankho awo ndi madeti a boma kapena a chisankho. Ochirikiza akutsutsa kuti kukhazikitsa kuwonjezera kugawana kwa ovota chifukwa chakuti nzika zambiri zakhala zikusonkhezeredwa kuvota pa tsiku la chisankho chofala. Mwachitsanzo, pamene zigawo zina za sukulu za California zinasuntha masankho awo kuchoka pa zaka zapadera kukafika ngakhale zaka zoŵerengeka, kubwerera kuŵirikiza kaŵiri. Komabe, otsutsa amawona kuti bungwe la bungwelo lingazingire nkhani za kumaloko pansi pa kutchuka kwa mafuko, kuchititsa voti kunyalanyaza dala mapwando a m'mafuko kuti asunge masankho awo osakhala aungwe ndi osamala za anthu.

Madera Apadera ndi Kufuula Zonena

Malo ambiri apadera amaphatikizapo zigawo, monga ngati ma pulatifomu a madzi, malaibulale, kapena maulamuliro a zaulendo. Mabungwe ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amachita masankho pa ndandanda yawo, nthaŵi zina popanda chidziŵitso cha anthu chochepa. Oimba nyimbo angapeze kuti ayang'anizana ndi chilolezo cha udzudzu wa chigawo kapena bungwe la pa koleji la pa Lachiŵiri mu April, popanda mitundu ina yowakokera ku zofufuza. Kugawa kwa madeti a voti kukhoza kutsende ndi kusiya zosankha zofunika m’manja mwa a kagulu kakang'ono, kaŵiri kabwino, kaŵiri kaŵiri ka pulogalamu ya osankhidwa.

Zinthu Zimene Zimakhudza Zosankha Zotsatira za Tsiku

Kumvetsa mfundo zimenezi kumathandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chake masiku a masankho amasiyanasiyana kwambiri padziko lonse.

Zochitika ndi Miyambo Yoyambirira

Madeti ambiri a masankho amachokera ku mwambo. Tsiku la November la U.S. ndilo chitsanzo chachikulu, koma pali njira zofananazo kwina. Ku Sweden, masankho amachitidwa pa Sande lachiŵiri mu September, mwambo wa kumbuyo kwa zaka za zana la 20. Ku Japan, masankho adziko amachitidwa pamapeto a mlungu kuti awonjezere kusudzulidwa, kusiyapo chitsanzo cha m'masabata. Malamulo ameneŵa satha kusintha ngakhale pamene mfundo zoyambirira sizikugwiranso ntchito. Zoyesayesa kusamutsira U.S. Tsiku la Kusintha kwa tchuti kumapeto kwa mlungu kapena kupanga holide ya dziko lonse kukhala yosungidwa mobwerezabwereza m'malamulo, chifukwa cha tsiku lomwe lilipo.

Zofunika za Malamulo ndi Zotsatira Zakufa

Ziyeneretso za malamulo ndi malamulo zimakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima. Mwachitsanzo, maboma ambiri a ku United States amafuna kuti pakhale chisankho chachikulu patatsala masiku 30 kuti chisankho cha onse chipereke nthaŵi ya kukonzekera ndi kuvota kumayiko ena. Mofananamo, lamulo la boma limafuna kuti mavoti a m’dzikolo asamutsidwe ku mayiko akunja kwa ofufuza ndi deti lina, limene limalamula kuti lipereke masankhoti awo asanafike poyambirira. M'mayiko onga Kenya, malamulo a boma amafuna kuti masankhoti achitidwe mkati mwa masiku 90 a kutha kwa nyumba ya malamulo, ndipo bungwe la osankhidwa a boma limakhazikitsa tsiku lenileni la pa windolo. Mavuto alamulo angasinthenso madeti; makhoti nthaŵi zina amabweza masankhoti chifukwa cha kukonzanso mikangano kapena masoka achilengedwe.

Kulingalira za Ndale ndi Kulinganiza Kwabwino

Opanga masankho ndi zipani za ndale zadziko nthaŵi zina amayesa kusintha masiku a chisankho kuti apindule. M'madongosolo a nyumba za malamulo, gulu lolamulira lingatchule chisankho panthaŵi imene akutsogolera masankho, njira yodziŵika monga "kuikapo nthaŵi ya chisankho" . M'maboma asintha masiku oyambirira kuti asinthe nthaŵi yokhudza nthaŵi ya kuyendetsa ntchito ya pulezidenti, njira yodziŵika monga "kusenza dalansi". Maiko ena achititsa masukulu awo poyamba kuti apeze chisonkhezero chowonjezereka, kutsogolera ku chiyambukiro chimene chimasindikiza kalenda yaikulu. Otsutsa atsutsa kuti kukwera kwa detimenti kungachotseretu makampani ambiri chifukwa chakuti makampaniwo sagwirizana bwino ndi maiko oyambirira.

Kulemba ndi Kulamulira

Kupanga masankho kumafuna masankho apadera: ma blobster osindikiza, kusunga malo ofunsira, kukonza ofufuza, ndi kutsimikizira kuti makina ovota akugwira ntchito. Akuluakulu a chisankho amafunikira nthaŵi yokwanira kumaliza ntchito zimenezi, zimene zimakhudza pamene masankho angalinganizidwe. Mwachitsanzo, chigawo chimene chimagwiritsira ntchito mapepala osindikizira chingafunikire milungu ingapo kuti chisindikize ndi kugaŵira mavoti, pamene kuli kwakuti malo a m'dzikolo angafune masiku okha. Masoka achilengedwe, monga ngati mphepo zamkuntho ku Florida kapena ku Midwaster, angaumirize kusintha tsiku langozi. Mliri wa CHOVAD inachititsa mapangano ambiri kusintha masankhoti a masankhoti kuti alolere mapepala opanga makompyuta ndi kuvota opanga makompyuta owonjezereka ndi masiku oyambirira.

Kusintha ndi Kufikirika

Cholinga cha kulimbikitsa ovota kukhala ndi mbali m'chofunika kwambiri pokhazikitsa madeti a masankho. Mayiko amene amachita masankho pa masabata kapena kupanga Tsiku la Chisankho kukhala ndi tchuthi chapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya amachita masankho pa Sande, zotsatirapo zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimaposa 70-80 peresenti, poyerekezera ndi 60 peresenti ya magawo a pulezidenti a U.S. ndi magawo otsika kwambiri pa masabata apakati. Ku United States, mayiko ena asamukira ku ku kuvota kwa maposi (m, Colorado, Oredo, Orevia, Washington, Tah), kumene kumachotsadi kusoŵa tsiku limodzi la chisankhoti chimodzi ndipo kulola kuti abwerere pa mavoti awo oyenerera. Mayi ena awonjezera nyengo za kuvota, zimene zingapangidwe bwino kwambiri. Mabomawa asintha "kusintha bwino la voti, osati tsiku limodzi logalamu.

Kufufuza za Kusintha kwa Nyengo Yosankha

Sunday - yenda ya Australia

Australia imachita chisankho pa Loŵeruka, ndipo kuvota nkokakamiza. Kuphatikiza tsiku la mlungu ndi kutengamo mbali kokakamiza kutuluka m'kukwera kwambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri pafupifupi 90 peresenti kapena kuposa. Deti loikidwiratu (Loŵeruka lomalizira mu May la Nyumba ya Oimira, ngakhale kuti boma lingasankhe deti mkati mwa windo) limapereka kutsimikizira. Chitsanzo chimenechi chasonyezedwa kukhala chizindikiro cha pepala la maiko ena ofuna kuwonjezera kugawana, ngakhale kuti kuvota kokakamiza kuli kotsutsana.

Zosankha Zambiri za ku India

India, demokalase yaikulu koposa padziko lonse, imachita masankho ake kwa milungu ingapo, kaŵirikaŵiri opitirira mwezi. Bungwe la Ecomtion Commust limasankha magawo kuti lithe kuyang'anira mavuto a zachitetezo, monga kutumiza asilikali a zachitetezo ndi kukhazikitsa malo ofufuza m'madera akutali. Mbali iliyonse ili ndi deti lake lomwe lakhazikitsidwa, ndipo nyengo yonse ya chisankho imakonzedwa mosamala kutsimikizira kuti gulu lolamulira silili ndi mphamvu pa zotsatira zake zozikidwa pa zotulukapo zoyambirira. Njira imeneyi ndi yopendera malo apadera kulingana ndi kukula ndi kusiyana kwa dziko.

Kupititsidwa Pansi kwa Phwando la Dziko ku United States

Malamulo akupanga Tsiku la Chisankho kukhala tchuthi cha dziko ku United States aikidwa mobwerezabwereza m'Malamulo, makamaka monga ngati "Tsiku la Utsogoleri Wapamwamba". Ochirikiza amanena kuti tchuthi chichotsa mtolo wa kuvota pa tsiku la tsiku, makamaka chifukwa cha ndalama zochepa ndi antchito anthaŵi. Otsutsa amatsutsa kuti sichingawonjezere kwambiri kukwera, popeza kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi madeki osinthasinthasintha kapena kuvota mwamsanga. Makampani ena mwaufulu alengeza Tsiku la Chisankho kuti tsiku lolipidwa, ndipo 22 (Galu la Coluŵi ya Columbia) apanga holide ya boma m'maonekedwe ena. Komabe, palibe lamulo la boma lapangidwa kale.

Mtsogolo mwa Madeti Osankha: Zikhoterero ndi Malo

Umisiri, kusintha kwa anthu, ndi kuchuluka kwa zoletsa zovota zikusintha masinthidwe a madeti a masankho. Chikhoterero cha mavoti oyambirira ndi opanga makalata chikusintha tsiku la chisankho kukhala mwezi wa chisankho. Mayiko ena, monga Michigan ndi Ohio, atengera "noexcuse" amene sanavote, kulola wovota aliyense kuponya chisankho cha makalata patatsala milungu ingapo deti lovomerezeka. Kuvomerezedwa kwa voti yodzisankhira kuchotsanso ziletso zogwirizana ndi nthaŵi yosankha, monga momwe kuvomerezeka kwa ovota pamene agwirizana ndi makampani a boma, mosasamala kanthu za nthaŵi ya masankhoti.

Chikhoterero china chomwe chikubuka ndicho kugwiritsira ntchito kuvota kwapadera, kumene kungafunikire masinthidwe ku makalenda osankha kuti alole kukhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, Maine ndi Alaska amachita masankho awo amwambo patsiku limodzi ndi maiko ena koma ayenera kuŵerengera mavoti akugwiritsira ntchito njira yamitundu yambiri yomwe ingatenge masiku angapo, kusokoneza nthaŵi yosankha yoikika ya boma. Kuwonjezera apo, kukwera kwa kusanthula kwa pa Intaneti (kusoŵa ndi kotsutsana) kungasinthe kwambiri lingaliro la deti la chisankho, monga momwe ovota angaperekere zikalata kwa masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo kuchokera kwina kulikonse.

Kusintha kwa nyengo kukukakamizanso akuluakulu a masankho kupangitsa madongosolo awo kukhala osavuta. Mphepo, moto wolusa, ndi kutentha kwambiri zasokoneza masankho m’zaka zaposachedwapa, kuchititsa mayiko ena kugwiritsa ntchito mapulani a tsiku la ngozi amene amachititsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa tsiku la ngozi. Mwachitsanzo, mphepo ya Hurricane Sandy mu 2012, New York inalola kuti magawo ofufuzako asinthe ndi kuwonjezera maola osankha, koma tsikulo linakhazikika.

Kumaliza

Madeti a chisankho sasankha mwalamulo; amasankhidwa mosamalitsa mwa kuphatikiza malamulo alamulo, mwambo wa mbiri yakale, njira zandale, ndi zofunika. Kuyambira pa Lachiwiri loikidwiratu ku United States mpaka pa chisankho cha ku India, dongosolo lililonse limasonyeza mkhalidwe wake wa demokrase wapadera. Kuzindikira mmene masiku ameneŵa amatsimikizira kuti amathandiza nzika kuzindikira mphamvu zambiri zimene zimaumba mphamvu yawo yosankha. Pamene kupempha kuti asinthe zinthu, zifunsikire kaamba ka kusanthula, maholide, ndi kufutukula pangano la kuwonjezera kalendala yapadera. Kwa aphunzitsi, kupenda kusintha kumeneku ndi kumanga maphunziro a za kuzoloŵera ndi kujambula ndi kujambula kuti tsiku la chisankho chiyambukiro chilichonse limapereka nkhani ya mapangano, mmene akachitidwe, ndi mmene ntchito za democracyism imachitikira.

[[ML:0] Kuŵerenga ndi Kuchokera:[[ML:1]