Chiyambi: Ntchito ya Mapacco Ogwirizana m’Zosankha za ku United States

Nonngavec Action Committee (PACs) ndi mphamvu yosiyana pa za ndawala za ndawala. Mosiyana ndi pa Cs . Imene imagwirizana mwalamulo ndi bungwe la boma, mgwirizano wa antchito, makampani, kapena gulu la anthu. N’chifukwa chakuti iwo alibe kholo, ayenera kunyamula katundu wokwanira wotsatira ndi bungwe la Federal Evolution Commission (FC). Ndalama zonse zokwezedwa ndi zowonongedwa zimaperekedwa ndi anthu onse ndi kupereka ndalamazo kwa boma, zipani za ndale zadziko, kapena ma PACITC. Chifukwa chakuti iwo alibe bungwe la makolo, ayenera kunyamula katundu wokwanira wogwirizana ndi malamulo a Federalist EC (FC). Ndalama iliyonse yokwezedwa ndi yowonongedwa imaperekedwa kuti afotokoze mwatsatanetsatane, zopereka, ndi zoletsa zolimba kwa oyendera limodzi. Nkhaniyi imapereka chilolezo chodalirika kwa otsogolera osakhala ndi ogwirizana ndi PCCC CC.

Kumvetsetsa Maprinsipulo Osagwirizanitsidwa

Zimene Baibulo Limanena pa Nkhani ya Malamulo

PACI GAWO SC yosalumikizidwa imafotokozedwa pansi pa Federal EFumction Campaign Act (FACA) monga PAC iriyonse imene siikhazikitsidwa, kuperekedwa, kapena kuchilikizidwa ndi ndalama ndi gulu la antchito, gulu la antchito, mayanjano a malonda, kapena thumba lake lopatulidwa. FEC imasankha ma PAC osapanga projekiti monga mabungwe odziimira okha amene ayenera kulembetsa ngati makomiti andale angopitirira chitsekerero cha $1000 m'zopereka kapena ndalama. Mosiyana ndi Super PACs . . Imene ingakweze ndalama zopanda malire kuchokera ku makampani ndi anthu pazokhapass amaperekedwa ndi kugawiridwa ndi ku malire ndipo ingapereke mwachindunji kwa ofunsira.

Yerekezerani ndi Mapachi Amtundu Unzake

Nkothandiza kusiyanitsa ma PAC osakhala ogwirizanitsidwa ndi . PAC (kaŵirikaŵiri amatchedwa “ndalama yogaŵana”) amalamulidwa ndi wochirikiza ndipo angangopempha zopereka kuchokera ku kalasi loletsedwalo (m., mabwana kapena mamembala). Osakhala 769 olumikizidwa, angapemphe munthu aliyense kapena munthu wosayenerera, pomvera $5,000 pachaka. Opambana PAC (m’makomiti a ndalama zokwanira [1]) ali ongoikidwa ndi makomiti osagwirizana ndi 769, koma sangathe kupereka mwachindunji kwa ofunsira kapena ogwirizana. Osakhala ogwirizanawo ali obisika m'nkhani ino, makomiti ocheperapo, ndi ogwirizana onse aŵiri.

Chifukwa Chake Magulu Amasankha Malo Osakhala Ogwirizana

Magulu amene amapanga ma PAC osalumikizidwa ndi 76 kaŵirikaŵiri amachita motero kuti asunge ufulu wawo ku gulu lochirikiza, kupeŵa kumangidwa ndi ziletso za kampani kapena za antchito, kapena kuimira gulu la anthu amene sagwirizana bwino ndi gulu limodzi la anthu. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo nkhani za APAC, PC, ndi atsogoleri a PC a boma ofunsira (ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina amachitidwa mogwirizana ndi ndawala ya wofunsirayo ndi malamulo owonjezereka). Kukhoza kukweza ndalama kwa anthu onse ndi kuchirikiza mwachindunji kupangitsa anthu oyembekezera kugwirizanitsa PACITC chida chosinthasinthasintha ndi cha ndale zadziko.

MAPAC OSOŴETSEDWA

Zofunika Kulembetsa

FEC imalamula kuti gulu lililonse lizikweza kapena kuwonongetsa ndalama zoposa madola 1,000 chaka chimodzi kuti lisonkhezere chisankho cha boma likhale komiti ya ndale zadziko m’masiku 10 a msonkhano umenewo. Kulembetsa kumaphatikizapo kukonza FEC For 1. Chigawo cha Bungwe (chimodzi cha [1] chimene chiyenera kuphatikizapo dzina la komiti, adiresi, wosunga mafashoni, ndi mawu a cholinga. Komitiyo iyeneranso kukhazikitsa bungwe losungira ndalama zonse. Kulephera kulembetsa mwamsanga kungatuluke m'malamulo, kuphatikizapo mafailo ndi ma a aphidial.

Zomwe Zingapangitse Kuti Tizigwira Ntchito Ina

Nonmbɛcs yolumikizidwa ingagwiritsiridwe ntchito mlingo wa $5,000 pachaka kuchokera kwa munthu aliyense, kugwirizana, kapena ndalama zina zosagwirizana ndi ntchito. Korpoat ndi ndalama za antchito zimaletsedwa motsimikizirika . Ndalama zochokera ku akhawunti ya PAC (zochokera ku magwero ololedwa). Zopereka ziyenera kukhala “zolemera,” zimene zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kaamba ka kuchirikiza kwachindunji kapena zowonongedwa zaumwini. PaC ayeneranso kutsimikizira kuti palibe zopereka zopangidwa m’dzina la munthu wina (zopereka za udzu) ndi kuti zonse ziri U. nzika zachikhalire (mapabuliki za khadi). FEC imagaŵira chitsogozo chatsatanetsatane pa“ zoyesayesa zapadera zopereka za kutsimikizira ku elliglic; kaamba ka zopereka, mali oyenera, ndi mbiri ya PC, ndi ntchito, makalata, ndi ntchito.

Kusunga ndi Kusimba Mathayo

Paplace yogwirizanitsidwa ndi SERC imafunidwa kusunga zolembedwa zolondola za zopereka zonse zolandiridwa ndi zowonongedwa zonse zopangidwa, kuphatikizapo mainfo, malisiti, ndi macheke ochotsedwa. Zolembedwa zonse ziyenera kusungidwa kwa zaka zosachepera zitatu. Malipoti ndi FEC amachitika ndi ndandanda yogwirizana ndi ndandanda ya masankho. Kuchuluka kwa ndandanda ya kuchuluka kwa ma DEVC kumachitidwa kasanu ndi kasanu ndi kamodzi (April 15, July 15, October 15, October 15, ndi January 31) kwa makomiti amene sakugwira ntchito pansi pa ndandanda ya mwezi ndi mwezi. Kuwonjezerapo, komiti iliyonse imene imapanga kapena kulandira zopereka zopereka zoposa $500,000 m'chaka chimodzi, kapena zimene zikufunikira kuwonjezera zikalata zowonjezereka.

Kudziimira pachabe ndi Malamulo a Kulankhulana

Non ­ C yolumikizidwa tsopano imachita ndalama zodziimira , ndipo ma CD owonongedwa pa kulankhulana kumene kumachirikiza kapena kutsutsana ndi wobatizidwa wa boma, popanda kugwirizana kulikonse ndi pulogalamu ya wobatizidwayo. Zowonongedwa za independent ziyenera kuperekedwa ku FEC m’maola 24 ngati zimagaŵidwa $100,000 kapena kuposapo kutsogolo kwa chinthu chachikulu, ndipo ngati mkati mwa maola 24 zimapangitsa kuchirikiza ndalama zokwanira $000 kapena zoposa pa milungu yomalizira isanapange chisankho. Bungwelo likufunanso kutumiza dislair CDlairs pa kulankhulana kulikonse kwa onse kumene kuli ndi ndalama zapo. Dzina la PAC, mawu akuti kulankhulana sikuyenera kuwonekera bwino ndi munthu aliyense. Malonda amene amayenera kuphatikizaponso ndemanga yoposa $10,000 yowonjezera pa mapulogalamu asanu.

Malamulo Oletsa Kutsatira Malamulo

Kudziperekera kwa Mkulu wa Gulu la Odzipereka Kapena Uphungu wa Malamulo

Polingalira kucholoŵana ndi kusintha kobwerezabwereza kwa malamulo a FEC, PC iriyonse yosagwirizanitsidwa iyenera kukhala ndi woyang'anira wa mkati kapena unansi ndi loya wa zachuma. Mapangano ambiri a PAC ndi makampani ovomereza otchuka amene amasamalira kutsata, antchito a sitima, ndi kupereka masinthidwe enieni a kusintha kwa masinthidwe. Kugonjera kwa akatswiri kuli kotsika kwambiri kuposa malipiro othekera kapena ndalama zalamulo zoponderezedwa ndi kuswa. Zochita za DEFC kaŵirikaŵiri zimatchula kulephera kupereka ndandanda ya chuma kapena kulembedwa monga kuswa kwakukulu kwa kuyang'anira kodzipereka.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta Otsegulira Zinthu

Kulemba mwa manja zopereka, makamaka kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri opereka, kuli ndi vuto hiprone ndi nthaŵi . Mapulogalamu angapo a pulogalamu amakonzedwa mwachindunji kuti agwirizane ndi PAC: amaŵerengera okha malire a zopereka kwa wopereka aliyense, kupanga malipo a FEC. Madongosolo ogwirizana ndi zinthu zofunikira kuyang'anira ndalama amalolanso kuti osunga chuma ndi antchito aŵerenge ndalama panthaŵi yeniyeni ndi kusunga zolembera za chaka chimodzi zofunikira. . FEC 's e23 programme imapereka malangizo a mmene angalinganizire mafaelo a magetsi, koma mapulogalamu opangidwira a PAC amachepetsa upandu wa kukonza zinthu zimene zikuchedwa kujambula.

Anawaphunzitsa Kusamalira ndi Kudzipereka pa Malamulo

Nonngave C ogwirizanitsidwa kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa mlingo wa 76as ogwira ntchito, omanga odziimira, kapena antchito odzifunira kaamba ka kulinganiza ndi zochitika. Nkofunika kupereka zophunzirira zolembedwa ndi kufupikitsa pa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi pa malamulo: chimene chimapanga kupempha, mmene angatsimikizire woperekayo / kutsendereza, chiletso pa zopereka za kampani, ndi chiletso cha kugwirizanitsa. Madongosolo a kusungitsa malamulo ayenera kulembedwa, ndipo antchito onse ayenera kudziŵa amene angakumane ngati pabuka funso lachimvero. Mkhalidwe wa kuwonekera bwino ndi kuchenjera umathandiza kupeŵa kuvomereza kuswa kochitidwa monga kulandira kuyang'anira kampani kapena kulephera kuphatikizapo kuletsa kuyendetsa makampani oulutsira nkhani za mayanja.

Muzilankhulana Momasuka ndi FEC

Ngati mukukayikira za ntchito inayake . monga ngati kusonkhanitsa ndalama zothandizira munthu amene akufuna kubatizidwa, kapena kukambirana kumene kungaoneke ngati kogwirizana ndi [1] MAPAC ayenera kufunafuna malingaliro otsutsa. FEC imatsutsa malingaliro amwambo (AO) amene amapereka malangizo odalirika pa zochita zolingaliridwa. Kupempha kuti O ndi njira yovomerezeka, koma imapereka umboni wovomerezeka wa zochita za PACIC. Kuwonjezerapo, maloya ambiri a FEC ndi a a wailesi ali ofunitsitsa kuyankha mafunso amwayi; kukhazikitsa unansi waukatswiri ndi lipoti la Discoveration Division Division kungapereke mayankho a nkhani zazing'ono.

Mavuto Amene Mapazi Osagwirizana Ali Nawo

Kuthetsa Malamulo a Malingaliro ndi Zosankha Zogaŵidwa

FEC ndi bungwe la zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi, bipartisani lomwe kaŵirikaŵiri limafafaniza malamulo aakulu ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo. Malamulo oyendetsera malamulo ameneŵa amatanthauza kuti malamulo angasinthe mwa kutsata lamulo, zigamulo za khoti, ndi kusintha kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi. Mapulani ayenera kuyang'anira osati chabe zochita za FEC komanso milandu ya boma imene imamasuliranso bungwe la Federal Ecompution Act. Mwachitsanzo, kumasulira kwaposachedwapa kwasintha tanthauzo la “kutsata kwa " ndi kukula kwa madilaymer kaamba ka kusatsa malonda kwa magetsi. Kusunga kwamakono kumafuna kulengeza FORC, kuŵerenga milandu yosungitsa, ndi kupezeka pa misonkhano yochitidwa ndi magulu a makampani ogwirizana a ku America a Lobby kapena bungwe la Free Speance.

Zomwe Zimawawonongera Kwambiri

FEC ingapereke chilango cha anthu cha $10,000 kapena kuposapo chifukwa cha kudziŵa ndi kuswa dala. Zolakwa zofala zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa ndalama zoperekedwa, kulandira zopereka za kampani kapena za maiko ena, kulephera kulemba malipoti panthaŵi yake, ndi kutumiza malipoti onama a zinthu zakuthupi. Ngakhale zolakwa zopanda ntchito zingayambitse kuŵerengera ndi pangano la pangano la PC lofuna kupereka malamulo abwino ndi owongolera. Olakwa akusonyezanso za Dipatimenti ya Chiweruzo kaamba ka mlandu waupandu. Zolembedwa zolakwika zingawonongenso mbiri ya PaC ndi opereka ndi ogwirizana, kupanga chiwonjezo chovuta kwambiri kukonza ndalama zamtsogolo.

Kusanthula kwa Anthu Onse ndi Kuwona Bwino

Nonngavec ogwirizanitsidwa ndi ma PC amagwira ntchito mowonekera kwambiri: malipoti awo a zopereka ndi zowonongedwa alipo poyera pa webusaiti ya FEC . Atolankhani, magulu olondera, ndi adani nthaŵi zonse amafufuza mapepala ameneŵa kuti aone mafashoni achilendo, kuthekera kwa kugwirizanitsa, kapena magwero osadziŵika. Chopereka chimodzi chokayikitsa . Chopereka chachikulu kuchokera ku gulu limene limaoneka kukhala gulu la zidutswa za nyukiliya . Kuchepetsa upandu umenewu, PC iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito yowonjezereka pa zopereka zazikulu, kuphatikizapo kutsimikizira magwero a zopereka zopimira ku kampani (imene kaŵirikaŵiri imaletsedwa) ndi kukana ndalama kuchokera ku makampani opalamula kapena makampani opatulira anthu.

Kukhazikitsa Malamulo ndi Malo a Okalamba

Imodzi ya malo owopsa kwambiri kwa osamutsidwa ndi PNG ndiyo chiletso cha kulinganiza ndalama zowonongedwa ndi wobatizidwa aliyense, ndawala, kapena chipani cha ndale zadziko. FEC imamasulira kugwirizana mwa “kukhutira, kutsogolera, ndi kulinganiza” miyezo: ngati kulankhulana kwapangidwa pa pempho kapena kuganiziridwa kwa wofunsira, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu kapena chidziŵitso choperekedwa ndi wofunsira, ndipo imaperekedwa pafupi ndi kusankhidwa, mwachiwonekere imachitidwa monga chopereka cha mu 1761, nkhani ya kuchepetsa malire. Ngakhale macheza amwaŵi ndi antchito a mkupiti angawoloke . Njira yotetezeredwa kwambiri ndiyo kusunga makhomalo odzitetezera pakati pa zowonongedwa za PC ndi ofunsira kapena olankhulana ndi ofunsira awo. Anthu ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito njira zimene zimafuna kuti adziperekere okha.

Njira Zabwino Kwambiri Zochitira Kampani ya Patali −

Kuchitira Zinthu Pamodzi Nthaŵi Zonse

Pafupifupi kamodzi pa zinayi, wosunga ndalama ayenera kupenda zopereka zonse ndi ndalama zopimira ku FEC. Mayeso a mkati apeza zolakwa asanaperekedwe ku FEC, kuchepetsa chiwopsezo. Nkhani zoŵerengera zimaphatikizapo ngati ndalama za komitiyo zaikidwa bwino, kaya malipoti a ndalama za mwiniwake asungidwa mkati mwa maola 24, ndipo kaya ngati zopereka zonse zoposa $200 zili ndi wolemba ntchitoyo kapena kutumiza chidziŵitso chofunikira.

Konzani Kabuku Kolembedwa

Pa C iriyonse yosakhala yolumikizidwa iyenera kusunga bukhu la malangizo lovomerezeka logwirizana ndi ntchito zake. Bukulo liyenera kukwaniritsa kulembetsa, malire a zopereka, magwero oletsedwa, zofunikira za kuulula, njira za kudziimira, malamulo oletsa kulinganiza zinthu, ndi malamulo olembedwa. Liyenera kupendedwa chaka chilichonse ndi kukonzedwa pamene FEC ifalitsa malamulo atsopano kapena malingaliro a anthu. Antchito onse ndi odzipereka ofunika ayenera kuvomereza kuti iwo aŵerenga ndi kumvetsetsa bukhulo.

Gwiritsani Ntchito Authority ya Banki Yodzipereka

FEC imafuna kuti malisiti onse ndi kuchotsa zinthu zikhalepo kudzera m'chikalata chimodzi choikidwa. Kuphatikiza ndalama za PAC ndi maakaunti a munthu kapena a bizinesi ndi kuswa lamulo. PC ayenera kutsegula kope lofufuza pa bungwe losungidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo pa ntchito ya ndale zadziko. Makhadi onse a ngongole ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhani ya PC ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhani imeneyi ndipo akakhala pa malire a ndalama zomwe akupereka.

Kupenda Boma ndi Malamulo a M’dzikolo

Ma PAC amene amagwira ntchito m'mayiko ambiri ayeneranso kuyang'anira boma ndi malamulo a zandalama za dziko, amene kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi kulembetsa kwawo, kusimba, ndi kuchepetsa kwa zopereka. Pamene kuli kwakuti FEC imalamulira masankho a boma, boma pareve PPAC (monga zopereka za boma zofunsira malamulo) amaikidwa ndi mabungwe a boma. Malamulo ambiri amafuna kuti boma lapadera lilembetse. Malamulo a FEC sachotsa malamulo a boma, chotero PC ayenera kutsata malamulo aŵiri a malamulo a boma. Maprogramu a pulogalamu amene amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa malamulo ambiri amavomerezedwa mwamphamvu.

Kumaliza

Non ­ Cs amayang'anizana ndi malo okakamiza operekera malamulo, koma pokhala ndi maziko oyenera ndi chitsimikiziro cha kugonjera, angagwire ntchito bwino mkati mwa malamulo. FEC imapereka zinthu zambiri . kuphatikizapo malangizo, ma e_philifilifil-s, ndi malingaliro othandizira. Atsogoleri a PaC ayenera kuona kugonjera monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri, osati chongoganizira. Mwakuika ndalama m’chitsogozo cha akatswiri, kujambula bwino, ndi maphunziro opitirizabe a antchito, POPa PACIP. Opanda kugwirizanitsa ndi projekiti, amapeŵa zilango zokwera mtengo, amasunga chikhulupiriro, ndi kusunga kudziimira kokhala ndi mawu amphamvu m’masankho.

Kaamba ka chitsogozo chowonjezereka chodalirika, funsani pawebusaiti yalamulo ya FEC , ŵerengani malamulo anthaŵi ino] pansi pa FELT , kapena kupenda nkhani zosungitsa [[FLT] FULT] FOLT [[FLT:] ] FULT] ] . Mabuku ovomerezeka amapezekanso kuchokera ku makampani a malamulo monga [FLT:] Civington & Burling’s Creatrys Creatry, [[FLT:] , pomalizira pake, [FLT:]] , [FLT]