Chiyambi: Chifukwa Chake Boma Limakhazikitsa Zinthu Zofunika

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amavutika kuzindikira kuti ndi boma liti limene limachititsa ntchitoyi. Kusokonezeka kumeneku kumachititsa kuti anthu azikhumudwa akafuna kuthetsa mavuto monga kusokonezeka kwa misewu, kuchedwa kwa msonkho, kapena lamulo latsopano lokhudza mabizinesi.

Kuzindikira milingo itatu yaikulu ya boma mu United States ̬ phederal, boma, ndi malo akwawo̬ sikuli chabe phunziro la boma. Ndi chiŵiya chothandiza pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuchirikiza kusintha, ndi kuchititsa akuluakulu a boma kukhala ndi mlandu. Chitsogozo chokulirachi chimachepetsa mathayo osiyanasiyana a mlingo uliwonse, chimalongosola mmene amagwirira ntchito pamodzi, ndi kupereka zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko kukuthandizani kuona dongosololo likugwira ntchito.

Boma: Mphamvu Zimene Zimalamulira Dzikoli

Boma la boma, lokhala ku Washington, D.C., limakhala ndi ulamuliro pa nkhani zimene zimakhudza dziko lonse. Maulamuliro ake amaŵerengedwa m'Malamulo a U.S. ndipo amaphatikizapo madera amene kuli kofunika kugwirizana kwa mtundu. Boma la bomalo limagawidwa kukhala nthambi zitatu ̬legisiti (Chonage) (Prezidenti ndi mabungwe a boma), ndi (makhoti a boma) & 8812; limakhala ndi maudindo ake.

Kuteteza Dziko ndi Kuletsa Kudziko Lina

Kuteteza dziko ku ziwopsezo za kunja ndi udindo waukulu wa boma. Dipatimenti ya Zotetezera imayang'anira magulu ankhondo, kuphatikizapo asilikali, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, ndi Space Force . Boma la boma liyang'aniranso kugwirizana kwa maiko a kunja kupyolera mwa Dipatimenti ya Boma, kukambirana mapangano, ndi kuimira zikondwerero za United States m’mabungwe a mitundu yonse monga United Nations ndi NATO. Ndi boma la boma lokha limene lingayambitse nkhondo, kusungitsa nkhondo, ndi kukhazikitsa mapangano ndi mayiko ena.

Malamulo a Entenet ndi Entestate

Boma la boma limalamulira ndalama za dziko kudzera mu Federal Reserve System . Limakhazikitsa chiwongola dzanja, mabanki, ndi kuyendetsa kukwera kwa mitengo kwa zinthu. Commerce Claus wa Communist imapereka mphamvu yolamulira malonda pakati pa maboma, amene amayambukira zonse kuyambira pa miyezo ya chitetezo cha malonda ndi malamulo a galimoto. Mabungwe a Federal Trade Commission ndi Secureties ndi Exchange Commission ayang'anira ntchito zamalonda ndi misika ya za za zachuma kutetezera ogula ndi ogulitsa zinthu.

Kusamuka Kwachilengedwe

Malamulo a boma amalamulira amene angaloŵe mu United States, utali umene angakhalepo, ndi njira ya kukhala nzika ya United States ndi ma Service a ku Immigger iyang'anira mafashoni a ma visa, makhadi obiriŵira, ndi madzoma achilengedwe. Customs and Bourn Protection a madoko a kuloŵa, pamene Immigration ndi Custom Erthocracy imakakamiza malamulo a kusamukira m'dziko. United States ndi madera sangapange malamulo awoawo odzipangira, ngakhale kuti angagwirizane kapena kulephera kuthandiza ntchito yosungitsa anthu a boma.

Makhoti Oweruza ndi Chiweruzo

Chigamulo cha boma chisamalire milandu yokhudza malamulo a boma, malamulo a boma, mikangano pakati pa maboma, ndi nkhani zimene boma la United States lili ndi chipani. Khoti Lalikulu ndilo khoti lalikulu kwambiri m’dziko ndipo lili ndi chigamulo pa mafunso a lamulo. Makhoti a boma ndi makhoti a khoti a boma amaweruza milandu ya upandu wa boma, kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu, ndi kulephera kulipira ndalama. Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo, yotsogozedwa ndi Attorney General, imaweruza milandu ya boma ndipo imaimira boma pankhani za lamulo.

Kutetezedwa kwa Malo Okhala ndi Amalonda

Makampani monga Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) anakhazikitsa miyezo ya dziko kaamba ka mpweya ndi madzi, kutaya zinyalala zaupandu, ndi chisungiko cha makemikolo. Consumer Product Safety Commission ikukumbukira zinthu zowopsa, ndipo Food and Drug Administration imatsimikizira kuti mankhwala, chakudya, ndi ziŵiya zamankhwala ziri zotetezereka. Miyezo ya boma imeneyi imapereka malire amene maboma angapitirire koma sangafooke.

Boma: Bungwe Lolamulira:

Limodzi mwa maboma 50wo limagwira ntchito boma lake lomwe lilibe maulamuliro operekedwa ku boma la boma. Maboma apangidwa mofananamo ku dongosolo la boma, lokhala ndi kazembe, kazembe wa boma (kaŵirikaŵiri Bimeral), ndi dongosolo la khoti. Malamulo a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka zoyenera ndi chitetezo chowonjezereka kuposa Lamulo la U.S.

Maphunziro ndi Sukulu Zapoyera

Maphunziro ndi udindo wa boma. Boma lililonse limakhazikitsa mfundo za maphunziro, limakhazikitsa zofunikira, ndipo limayang'anira zikalata za mphunzitsi. Madipatimenti a maphunziro amagaŵira ndalama ku magawo a sukulu akwawo, kukhazikitsa mayeso, ndi kutsatiridwa ndi malamulo a maphunziro monga Everse Students Reseed Act. Pamene makomiti a sukulu a m'dzikolo amayang'anira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, boma limapereka ulamuliro wotheratu pa dongosolo la maphunziro a anthu onse.

Zoyendera Ndiponso Zinthu Zowonongeka

Maboma amayang'anira misewu, maulalo, mabwalo a ndege, ndi madongosolo a zaulendo m'malire awo. Madipatimenti a boma a mapulani a zoyendera ndi makampani opereka ndalama za misewu, amasunga misewu ya m'mayiko omwe amadutsa m'boma, ndiponso amagwirizanitsa ndi mabungwe a boma pa zoyendera zazikulu. Maboma amatumizanso laisensi za oyendetsa galimoto, magalimoto olembetsa, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a pamsewu kudzera mwa apolisi ndi mabungwe oyendera misewu.

Mautumiki a Zaumoyo wa Anthu Onse ndi Othandiza Anthu

Maboma amayang'anira madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma amene amayang'anira kubuka kwa matenda, malesitilanti, ndi maprogramu a katemera. Amayendetsa Medicaid, programu ya boma ya inshuwalansi ya thanzi ya anthu olandira ndalama zochepa, ndi kuyendetsa maprogramu onga a Children’s Health Inshuwalance Program (CHIP). Mabungwe a ntchito za za boma amathandiza chakudya (SNAP), chithandizo cha ndalama (TANF), mautumiki a za ana, ndi maprogramu ochirikiza chithandizo.

Chilungamo Chaupandu ndi Lamulo la Boma

Malamulo a boma amakhazikitsa malamulo aupandu amene amagwira ntchito m’malire awo, kuchotsa milandu ya m’magalimoto ndi milandu yowopsa. Makhoti a boma amasamalira milandu yambiri ya upandu, kuphatikizapo kuba, kuukira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi kupha. Oyang’anira apolisi alondera m’misewu, kuyang’anira milandu, ndi kupereka chichirikizo kwa osungitsa malamulo a m'dzikolo.

Kupereka Msonkho ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama

Mayiko ali ndi mphamvu yopereka msonkho kuti apeze ndalama zoyendetsera mapulogalamu awo. Maboma ambiri amakhoma misonkho, misonkho, ndi misonkho ya makampani.

Boma Lakumene Tikukhala: Kumene Boma Limakhala ndi Moyo Watsiku ndi Tsiku

Local governments—counties, cities, towns, villages, and special districts—are the level of government most Americans interact with regularly. They are created by state governments and exercise powers delegated by the state. While their structure varies widely, local governments share common responsibilities that directly affect residents' quality of life.

Maboma, Maboma, ndi Madera Apadera

Maboma amathandizira kwambiri madera akumidzi ndi opanda ntchito, kuphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa msonkho wa katundu, kusunga (kubadwa, imfa, maukwati, ntchito za katundu), ndi kuyang'anira makhoti ndi mandende. Mabungwe a SS̬ mizinda ndi matauni ̬ mautumiki othandizira anthu, monga ngati apolisi ndi ozimitsa moto, madzi ndi zinyalala, zosonkhanitsidwa, ndi mapaki. Magawo apadera, mofanana ndi madera a sukulu, madera a madzi, ndi zigawo zotetezera moto, amaperekera mautumiki apadera m'madera ofotokozera nthaka.

Kusamala Anthu Onse ndi Mautumiki a Zamsanga

Maboma apolisi amene amathandiza pa madipatimenti apolisi omwe amalandira mafoni, malo olondera, ndi kufufuza milandu mogwirizana ndi mphamvu zawo. Madipatimenti a moto amagwira ntchito moto, zachipatala, ndi zinthu zowononga zinthu. Mautumiki a zachipatala a EMS amapereka zoyendera za ambulansi ndi chisamaliro cha anthu asanafike. Oyang'anira zamwadzidzidzi amagwirizanitsa zochita za ngozi zachilengedwe, zadzidzidzi, ndi zochitika zazikulu.

Ordinance ndi Zoning

Mizinda ndi mabungwe a boma akhazikitsa malamulo a kumaloko amene amasamalira zosoŵa za anthu zachindunji, zonga ngati phokoso, malamulo a zifuyo, malamulo omanga, ndi kugawa kwa malonda. Malamulo opanga malo amagawa kukhala madera (otchuka, amalonda, a maindasitale, alimi) ndi kuyang'anira zimene zingamangidwe kumene. Mabungwe olinganiza a kupenda zifuno za chitukuko, kukhazikitsa zilolezo, ndi kutsimikizira kuti kumanga kwatsopano kufikitsa ku chisungiko ndi miyezo yochirikiza ufulu.

Ntchito Zothandiza Anthu

Maboma a m’derali amasamalira misewu, njira, magetsi a m’misewu, magalimoto, ndi nyumba za anthu.

Mabungwe a Maphunziro a Kumeneko ndi Sukulu

Sukulu za boma zimalamulidwa ndi makomiti osankhidwa a m'dziko amene amalemba ntchito oyang’anira sukulu, kuvomereza bajeti, kukhazikitsa maphunziro m’zitsogozo za boma, ndi kuyang'anira malo a sukulu. Mabungwe a sukulu a levy amakhoma misonkho ya katundu (kumene boma limalola) kuchirikiza maphunziro a kumaloko. Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma amakhazikitsa miyezo yokulirapo, makomiti a sukulu a kumaloko amapanga zosankha ponena za ogwira ntchito, kutseka sukulu, ndi zinthu zofunika zamaphunziro zimene zimayambukira mwachindunji ophunzira ndi mabanja.

Mmene Magulu Atatu a Boma Akugwirira Ntchito Pamodzi

Nthawi zambiri, anthu a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana amachitira limodzi zinthu mogwirizana, kumathandizana komanso nthawi zina kusemphana maganizo.

Kupereka Malipiro a Mitsinje ndi Programu za Zopereka

Boma la boma limasonkhanitsa ndalama zambiri za msonkho ndi kugawira ndalama ku maboma ndi madera kudzera mwa ndalama. Malo a boma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifuno zapadera, monga kumanga m'misewu yaikulu kapena maprogramu a zaumoyo wa anthu, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amakumana ndi mikhalidwe. Block imapereka ndalama zosintha kwambiri ponena za mmene amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama m'malo aakulu. Maboma a boma amalandiranso ndalama za boma kaamba ka sukulu, zidutswa, ndi mautumiki a anthu, zowonjezeredwa ndi misonkhozo ya katundu wa kumaloko ndi misonkho ya malonda.

Kusunga Lamulo Kupyola Maudindo

Malamulo a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa maboma a boma ndi a kumaloko kuti agwiritsiridwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Ceador Air Act imakhazikitsa miyezo ya dziko ya mpweya, koma mabungwe a boma a malo ozungulira amapanga makonzedwe a kukwaniritsa miyezo imeneyo ndi kuisunga kumaloko. Affordcable Care Act inakhazikitsa dongosolo la boma la inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo, koma boma limayang'anira makampani awo a inshuwalansi ndi maprogramu a Medicaid. Chitsanzo chimenechi chimapereka zonulirapo za dzikolo pamene chikukhudza mikhalidwe ya kumaloko.

Zimene Zinachitika Pakagwa Tsoka Ndiponso Kusamalira Zinthu Mwadzidzidzi

Pamene tsoka lachilengedwe lichitika, maboma a m'dzikolo ndi amene amathandiza. Ngati tsokalo lalanda zinthu za m'deralo, boma limathandiza. Ngati chuma cha boma chatha, bwanamkubwa akupempha chilengezo cha dalaivala, kutsegula FEMA ndi antchito a boma. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuti athandize pamene akufunikira kukonza zosankha monga momwe angathere.

Mathayo Othandizana

Malo ambiri a boma amaphatikizapo mlingo wa boma. chitetezo cha malo okhala, chisungiko cha kuntchito, ndi chitetezo cha ogula kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi miyezo ya boma imene ingalimbitse. Maboma angapemphenso oletsa malamulo a boma kuyesa njira zosiyanasiyana za malamulo monga kupereka chithandizo chaumoyo kapena kusintha kwa kakhalidwe ka anthu. Makhoti onse amamasulira malamulo ndi kuthetsa mikangano pakati pa mayiko.

Zitsanzo Zenizeni za Udindo wa Boma

Kumanga Njira Yatsopano

Kumanga msewu watsopano kumaphatikizapo milingo yonse itatu ya boma. Boma la boma limapereka ndalama kudzera ku Highway Trust Fund ndi kuika zofunika zopenda malo okhala. Dipatimenti ya boma yokonza njira, kugula malo, kuyang'anira mapangano omanga, ndi kukonza misewu yotha. Maboma a m'dziko amakonzanso malo atsopano, kuyendetsa magalimoto m’misewu yolumikizana, ndipo angapereke ndalama kuti misewu ithe.

Kuvomereza Vuto la Umoyo

Pamene matenda akuyambika, madipatimenti a zaumoyo akumasankha anthu amene akudwala ndi kuwayendera. Malaboletale a boma amayesa ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito yachipatala. Bungwe la United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention limapereka ukatswiri, kuchirikiza malaboratoria, ndi ndalama. Dipatimenti ya Health ndi Human Services ingathe kutumiza mankhwala ndi antchito. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumapulumutsa moyo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyendetsera ntchito pamlingo uliwonse.

Chitetezo cha Malo Okhala

Fakitale yotulutsa zinthu zoipitsa iyenera kugwirizana ndi miyezo ya EPA ya boma ya kulimba kwa mpweya ndi madzi. Bungwe la boma loona zachilengedwe limatumiza chilolezo cha ntchito, kuyang'anira, ndi kukakamiza. Boma la kumaloko lingakhale ndi malamulo owonjezereka ponena za phokoso, fungo, kapena magalimoto. Ngati kuswa lamulo kuchitika, mlingo uliwonse wa boma ukhoza kukhazikitsa lamulo, ndipo nzika zingaperekere lipoti nkhaŵa ku dipatimenti yawo ya zaumoyo kapena kutentha kwa dziko.

Kumvetsa Mfundo za Boma N’kofunika Kwambiri kwa Nzika

Ngati misewu yanu ili ndi chiboo, kuitcha dipatimenti yothandiza anthu onse ya mumzinda wanu n’kothandiza kwambiri kuposa kufunsa woimira dziko lanu la United States.

Kuzindikira mlingo wa boma kumakupangitsaninso kukhala wosankha wogwira ntchito. Pamene mudziŵa kuti boma limalamulira njira ya maphunziro ndi maboma akumaloko kulamulira malo, mungafufuze oyembekezera mozikidwa pa ulamuliro wawo weniweni. Mukhozanso kuyang'anira zoyesayesa zanu zaukapolo pa ̬ kulemba ku bungwe la mzinda wanu ponena za lamulo la kumaloko, kukambitsirana ndi boma lanu ndi opanga malamulo a za ndalama zapamsewu, kapena kufikira ku nthumwi zanu za bungwe la boma ponena za malamulo a za zaumoyo.

Pomalizira pake, chidziŵitso chimenechi chimalimbikitsa ziyembekezo zotsimikizirika. Palibe boma lililonse limene lingathetse vuto lililonse. Zitokoso zovuta kwambiri zimafuna kuti anthu agwirizane m’mayiko onse, m’boma, ndi m’madera ena. Nzika zimene zimamvetsa kucholoŵana kumeneku, zikhale zokonzeka bwino kuti zikhale ndi phande lothandiza pa moyo wa anthu ndi kuŵerengera akuluakulu awo osankhidwawo mathayo amene kwenikweni amazilamulira.

Anthu Ambiri Amaganiza Zolakwika za Maboma

[[FLT: 0] Miscception: Boma la boma limalamulira masukulu a boma. Kwenikweni, maphunziro ali kwakukulukulu thayo la boma ndi la kumaloko. Boma la boma limapereka ndalama ndi kuika zofunika zina kupyolera mwa malamulo onga ngati The Experieved Act, koma maphunziro, mphunzitsi, ndi zosankha za ndalama za sukulu zimapangidwa ku boma ndi m'magawo akwawo.

[[FLT: 0] Misclation : Apolisi akumalo a ku madera akumilitsira malamulo onse. Kusungitsa apolisi a m'dziko ndi malamulo a kumaloko m’manja mwawo. Mabungwe a Federal onga FBI amafufuza milandu ya boma, ndipo apolisi akhazikitsa malamulo a boma pa misewu yaikulu ndi m'madera amene sangakhale ofala. Malamulo a boma angayambitse mipata ndi kutsalirana kumene kumafuna kuti mabungwe aungwe.

Misc. Bwanamkubwa amalamulira boma lonse. ndi amphamvu, koma amagawana ulamuliro ndi akuluakulu a boma amene amapanga malamulo ndi kuyendetsa ma bajeti, ndi makhoti a boma amene amamasulira malamulo. Akuluakulu ambiri a boma, monga maloya aakulu ndi alembi a boma, amasankhidwa paokha ndipo angakhale a zipani zosiyanasiyana zandale kuposa bwanamkubwa.

Zimene Mungachite Kuti Mukhale ndi Thayo Losiyanasiyana la Boma

Ku mlingo wa kumaloko: Pitani ku msonkhano wa mzinda ndi bungwe la sukulu. Lonjerani kwa meya wanu kapena bungwe la mzinda ponena za nkhani za kumaloko. Vote m'masankho a boma, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi kutsika kwa kavwolo ndi kumene voti yanu imanyamula kulemera kowonjezereka.

Pamlingo wa boma: [[FLT :1] Pezani woimira wanu ndi woimira boma. Muyeze pa milandu ya komiti pa ngongole zimene zili ndi inu. Gawanani m'nyengo zapoyera kaamba ka kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa boma. Voti m'boma kaamba ka ka kazembe, chisankho, ndi maofesi a boma.

Pa mlingo wa boma: Pezani woimira wanu ndi mamejala a United States. Kokerani ndemanga pa malamulo a boma olingaliridwa kupyolera mwa Federal Register. Kutenga mbali m'mabwalo apoyera a boma ndi maholo a tauni. Vote m'masankho a boma kaamba ka Congress ndi decure.

Kumaliza

Milingo itatu ya boma la America̬federal, boma, ndi malo akwanuko— imodzi ili ndi mathayo osiyana amene amaumba moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku m’njira zosaŵerengeka. Kuchokera ku ntchito ya boma m'chigwirizano wa dziko ndi malamulo a ndalama ku ulamuliro wa boma pa maphunziro ndi zoyendera kufikira ku kuyang'anira misewu, apolisi, ndi malo ozungulira, dongosolo la dongosolo limeneli lapampando lalinganizidwira kulinganiza umodzi wa dziko ndi ulamuliro wa dziko.

Kuzindikira udindo umenewu si kungophunzira chabe, koma kumakuthandizani kuukonzekeretsa kuti muthetse mavuto bwinobwino, kuti muthe kuvota bwino, ndiponso kuti muthandize anthu amene akukuganizirani pankhanizo.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, kufufuza ..gov's secongficing of Jehovah Office [FLT :1], pendani chidziŵitso cha boma chatsatanetsatane kupyolera mwa Conference of State Legislatures , kapena kuphunzira za nyumba za boma za kumalo kuchokera ku [[FLT:] National League of Cities . Ziŵiro zimenezi zimapatsa mozama kwambiri ntchito ndi ntchito za boma lililonse.

Kudziwa bwino za boma kungakuthandizeni kuti muzitha kuyankhapo, kuthandiza, ndiponso kuchititsa atsogoleri anu kuti aziyankha mlandu.