Chiyambi

Ufulu wa ukwati wakhala chigamulo chapadera kwambiri pa nkhondo ya ufulu wachibadwidwe, komabe kwa okalamba okwatira omwe ali ndi ziŵalo zofanana, malo alamulo adakali odzaza ndi mavuto amene achichepere sangayamikire mokwanira. Pamene kuli kwakuti anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti nkhondoyo inatha ndi Khoti Lalikulu la U.S. la 2015 kuyang'anizana ndi [[FL:0] Obergefefev v. Hodges [[FLD:1] [],], LGBTQ+sh , ambiri a amene anakhala ndi moyo zaka makumi ambiri za chiletso, kuukira kwa apolisi, ndi kukondera kwa bungwe kumene kumapitirizabe ngakhale pambuyo pa ukwati wodziŵika movomerezeka. Malamulo ameneŵa saali chabe ovutitsa; iwo amayambukira mwachindunji zaumoyo, kusungidwa kwa anthu, kupatsidwa ulemu, ndi kuyang'anirana kwapadera kwapadera kwa akulu, ndi kuyang'anira mavuto a m'malamulo.

Mbiri ya Ufulu wa Maukwati wa Anthu Okwatirana Ofanana

Kukakamiza anthu kuti agwirizane mu United States sikunayambe ndi lamulo. Khoti Lalikulu la Hawaii linalephera . Linatuluka zaka makumi ambiri la asswasitismus, mabwalo amilandu, ndi kusintha kwa maganizo a anthu. Pasadakhale zaka za 1990, ukwati wa udzudzu umodzimodziwo unkaoneka ngati wosatheka kuumbidwa ndi U.S.. Linalo la Hawaikulu la khoti mu Baehr v. Lewin [FLT] ndi amene anali woyamba kutchula kuti kukana malegi a ukwati a anthu aŵiri a mtundu unzake. Kulamulirako kungaswe lamulolo: Nyumba za Malamulo anapatutsa Chilamulo (DO) mu 1996, chimene chinafotokoza kuti munthu mmodzi asiye kuvomereza ndi kuvomereza zifuno zachimo zachimo zachikulu.

Boma linayamba kumayambiriro kwa 2000. Massachusetts anakhala boma loyamba kulembetsa ukwati wawo wa kugonana mu 2004, kutsatiridwa ndi ena angapo m’zaka khumi zotsatira. Komabe ntchito yoyamikira inachititsa kuti okwatirana aŵiri ovomerezedwa mwalamulo asakhale ndi maudindo onse a boma ngati anasamukira ku boma limene silinavomereze ukwati wawo. Zimenezi zinali zovulaza makamaka kwa okwatirana omwe nthaŵi zambiri amachoka pantchito kuti apeze malo otentha kapena ndalama zochepa za moyo. Pamene Khoti lalikulu la U.S linakantha Gawo 3 la DOMA mu [[FLT:] United States v. Windss , pomalizira pake, zigamu za boma zinapangapo monga zopereka zopereka za opulumuka za Social Security ndi kusamukira kwawo. Malamulo onse odziŵika kale, zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zaka zambiri zaudindo a boma la zachitukukirapo, koma zinakhala zitadziŵika kale kwambiri. [15]

Chiphunzitso cha tsankholi chikuchitikabe masiku ano. Anthu ambiri okalamba, makamaka amene ali ndi chuma chochepa kapena amene amakhala kumidzi, alibebe zikalata zalamulo zimene zimateteza mabanja osiyana. Malamulo a “lamulo wamba a ” sapezeka kaŵirikaŵiri kwa amuna ndi akazi okhaokha chifukwa chakuti anali osakwatiwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kuchuluka kwa ufulu wokwatira ndi chiyambi cha ulendo walamulo wa anthu achikulire.

Zilakolako Zapadera za Malamulo Zoyang’anizana ndi Okwatirana Okhala Ogonana Amodzimodziwo

Ngakhale kuti ukwati wa kugonana wofananawo tsopano uli wovomerezeka m'dziko lonselo, okalamba akupitiriza kukumana ndi zopinga zimene anzawo achichepere sangakhale nazo. Zopinga zimenezi zazikidwa pa kudutsana kwa msinkhu, chikondi, ndi mbiri yaitali ya kupatulidwa kwa lamulo. Pansipa pali mavuto ovuta kwambiri.

Chisungiko cha Anthu ndi Mapindu a Opulumuka

Chimodzi cha zitetezero zachuma kwambiri kwa achikulire okwatira ndi zachisungiko za anthu okalamba. Pansi pa Social Security Act , wotsala angalandire 100 peresenti ya phindu la mnzake wakufayo. Kwa okalamba asudzulana, ngakhale kuli tero, nthaŵi ya ukwati wawo ikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri mapindu ameneŵa. Ngati okwatirana ochedwa m'moyo chifukwa chakuti satha kukwatira mwamsanga. [$] chifukwa chakuti satha kukwatira zaka khumi zofunikira kaamba ka mapindu ena akale. Owopsa, Ochirikiza Uyang'aniro wa Zachitetezo poyamba anakana kuchuluka kwa opulumuka [[FLD:] Osati pambuyo pake [FLD:] chifukwa cha mafotokozedwe a DO-FLD] masiku ano.

Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za okwatirana omwe anakhala pamodzi kuyambira m'ma 1970 koma anakwatirana mwalamulo mu 2015. Ngati wina wa mu ukwati anamwalira mu 2016, mnzake wotsalayo anganene kuti wopulumukayo angapeze mapindu ozikidwa pa ukwatiwo, koma ndalamazo zingaŵerengedwe kugwiritsa ntchito zaka makumi ambiri pambuyo pa 2015, kunyalanyaza zaka zoperekedwa. Social Security Administration yapanga kupita patsogolo m’kuzindikira malamulo a boma, koma kuyendetsa dongosololo kumakhala kovuta kwa achikulire amene sangakhale ndi mwayi wopeza chithandizo chalamulo. Malinga ndi [[FLT:] Mlandu wa ufulu wa anthu [[FLT:], okalamba ambiri otereŵa sakudziŵa ngakhale kuti angakhale ndi mwaŵi wa kupindula zimenezi, makamaka ngati adauzidwa kale kuti anali okhoza. [FL:]

Kulinganiza Malo ndi Ufulu wa Choloŵa

Ukwati umapatsa ufulu wodzifunira wa choloŵa pansi pa malamulo a kusabereka . Ngati munthu amafa popanda chiwembu, mkazi kapena mwamuna wawo amaloŵa m'malo ochuluka a malowo. Kwa okalamba amene sanathe kukwatira mpaka posachedwapa, zikalata zokonza za malo monga zikalata, zokhulupirirana, ndi mphamvu za loya wamkulu n’zofunika kwambiri. Komabe achikulire ambiri sanakhale ndi mapepala ameneŵa chifukwa chakuti sanalembetsedwe m'malamulo a ukwati, kapena chifukwa chakuti sangathe kulipira loya. Ngakhale pambuyo pa [[FLT: 0] [OLT]bergegwe , okwatirana ena amakhulupirira molakwa kuti pokhala mu unansi wautali wochitidwa. Zimenezi zili zowopsa m'mabanja, makamaka m’mabanja ogwirizana ndi anthu amene ali ndi moyo wofanana.

Mpando wina wocholoŵana umaphatikizapo malamulo a boma a msonkho. Pamene kuli kwakuti msonkho wa malo wa boma umagwira ntchito kwa onse amene ali ndi moyo popanda malire, maiko ena samalinganizabe kotheratu okwatirana a kugonana kaamba ka zifuno za msonkho, makamaka ngati okwatiranawo ali m'dziko lina ndipo pambuyo pake anasamuka. Ndiponso, okalamba ambiri okalambawo ali ndi katundu mmodzi koma samakhala ndi mafomu aulemu kapena mamenti owonjezera. Mnzawo amene anawonjezeredwa ku makalata a nyumba pambuyo pa ukwati angayang'ane ndi mavuto a kulipira ndalama zimene okwatirana a sumuukwati sakumana nawo kaŵirikaŵiri. Akatswiri a zamalamulo amavomereza mwamphamvu kuti okalambawo apeze mapulani a malo oyenera kugawira, koma ndalama zotsala ndi zosowa za LGTQ + + - odziŵa ntchito zalamulo m'malo ena amapanga malo osakhoza kulephera. [FLF:] [FFF: [F] [FF] [F] [AGY] [Activessssssss] ndi ma provicessssssstion, koma akulu akunja a LGeneagesad , [

Kupanga Chosankha ndi Chithandizo cha Zamankhwala

Pamene mnzanu wa muukwati alephera, ukwati umatsimikizira kuti mnzakeyo ali ndi ulamuliro walamulo wa kuchiritsa. Komabe, okalamba okalamba amene sanakwatirane asanakumane ndi vuto la zamankhwala angapeze kuti atsekedwa m’chipinda cha chipatala kapena osakhoza kupeza chidziŵitso cha zaumoyo. Ngakhale pambuyo pa Obergefell , osamalira thanzi ena akhala osafulumira kukonza malamulo awo ndi maphunziro. Nkhani za mabwenzi amodzi osakhala a m’banja omwe amakana kuchezedwa kapena kufunsidwa kaamba ka “chiŵalo cha banja [1] kuti apange zosankha zimavutitsa maganizo, makamaka m'malo osamalira aumoyo kwa nthaŵi yaitali m'malo osunga mwambo.

Njira ndi yakuti okwatirana onsewo apereke malangizo otsatizana ndi moyo wokhalitsa wa loya wa zaumoyo . Koma achikulire ambiri sanachite zimenezo. Kufufuza kwa National Council on Aging kwapeza kuti LGBT+ achikulire sayenera kukhala ndi zikalata zimenezi poyerekezera ndi anzawo a m'zaka zapachibale. Kuphatikizapo kusadalirana m'dongosolo la zamankhwala (loyambitsidwa m'mbuyomu) ndi kusoŵeka kwa ufulu walamulo ukwati usanapange mpata woopsa. Kudzitetezera okha, okwatirana sayenera kudalira pa chikalata cha ukwati. Ayenera kutchula dzina lachinduna monga akatswiri a zaumoyo. [[FLLF:]

Kusamalira Tsankho la Kusamalira Nyumba ndi Akulu

Okwatirana okalamba amayang'anizana ndi vuto lapadera pofunafuna malo osungirako okalamba, osamalira okalamba, kapena anthu opuma pantchito. Chikalata cha Fair Howards chimaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wa kugonana ndi tchuni cha mwamuna, koma kusungitsa sikuli kogwirizana. Malo ambiri samagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pa LGBTQ + kuikidwa, ndipo nzika zimene “zinazo zinatuluka pambuyo pake m'moyo kapena zimene sizikuwonekera bwino zingakakamizidwe kubwereranso ku malo osungirako zinthu. Opatsirako anthu okalamba, makamaka, kaŵirikaŵiri zimayang'anizana ndi chidani m'malo osungiramo amuna ndi akazi.

Kufufuza kwa 2019 kochitidwa ndi National Senior Citizens Law Center kunapeza kuti pafupifupi theka la LGBTQ anaopa tsankho m'nthaŵi yaitali, ndipo pafupifupi 20% adaona zimenezi. Madandaulo amaphatikizapo antchito ogwiritsira ntchito maina olakwika, kulekanitsa okwatirana m'zipinda zosiyana kapena malo, ndipo ngakhale kutukwana. Machiritso alamulo omwe alipo pansi pa Serboa Act ndi Nursing Home Reform Act ali ndi malire ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amafuna kudandaula kumene kungatenge zaka zambiri kuti athetse. Mizinda ina ndi maboma aperekabe mapangano amphamvu, koma lamulo la boma likusoŵabe zomveka, makonzedwe a LGBT+ akulu. [FLLD:] Lambda akupereka ndalama zalamulo kaamba ka kulimbana ndi tsankho la akulu.

Kukopana ndi Mabanja Okhala ndi Mabanja Ofanana

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto amenewa, bungwe logwirizana lochirikiza malamulo, mabungwe a boma, ndi mabungwe a boma akuyesetsa kuchepetsa ufulu wa anthu muukwati ndi kukhala olingana. Maphunziro ndi chinthu champhamvu kwambiri. Okwatirana ambiri okalamba sadziwa kuti ndi chitetezo chotani kapena kuti angapeze bwanji ufulu wochita zimenezi. M’munsimu muli ntchito zofunika kwambiri zothandizira anthu kukhala ndi ufulu wokwatira kapena kukwatirana ndi munthu mmodzi.

Mabungwe a Udindo wa Dziko Lonse

Magulu onga Lambda yalamulo, , [[FLT]] ACLU LGB+ Ufulu Woyenera , ndi Mapangano a Immust [Ufulu] agwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza malo, provonio bhono , ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka [[FLT:] [FLT]]] [FLT]]

Kuwonjezerapo, Kuphatikizapo masinthidwe a malamulo, malangizo a Medicare REP, ndi kusweka kwa ufulu wa boma. Nyumba yapakati ndi nyumba ya chuma pa Ukalamba [[FLT:] yapanganso zipangizo zapadera za mabanja a extensial pa LGBT Aging [1]. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo masinthidwe a mapepala alamulo, malangizo a zothandizira akulu pa Intaneti, ndi kusweka kwa ufulu wa boma. Nyumba yapakati ndi nyumba ya chuma ndiyo Likulu la Malo pa LGBTT Aging [FL:5], zimene zimapereka mapulogalamu amwalo a akulu osamalira malo ozungulira malo ozungulira.

Chithandizo cha Malamulo ndi Zopangapanga za Pro Bono

Kufikira ku uphungu walamulo wokhoza kuli chopinga chachikulu. Okwatirana okalamba ambiri a chisembwere amakhala ndi ndalama zoikika ndipo sangathe kulipira loya waumwini kuti alembe zikalata kapena kuyang'anira zimene akufuna. Maboma ambiri ali ndi LGBTQ+ zipatala zalamulo, kaŵirikaŵiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masukulu a malamulo kapena makampani. Mwachitsanzo, LGBTQ+ + Wamkulu Law Project [[FL:1] [P] Project project [F:1] mu New York [Malamulo] amapatsa malo aulereaaakulu. Malamulo a Nationalirder Guior [F:3] ali ndi komiti yosumikidwa pa LGBTQ+ zoyenera zalamulo zimene zingagwirizanitse ndi malo oimira malo oimira anthu akuluakulu. Okalamba ayeneranso kuderalo, ndi chithandizo chalamulo.

Chithandizo Chozikidwa pa Anthu

Pambuyo pa chithandizo chalamulo, malo a chitaganya ndi malo aakulu akugaŵira mowonjezereka LGBTQ+-kawonekedwe. M’mizinda yambiri, muli “LGBTQ+ magulu a anthu apamwamba . amene alinso ndi masupareji alamulo. Mawebusaiti a Webbinari ndi mafalishoni achititsa kuti zinthu zimenezi zikhale zopezeka kwambiri m'miliri ndi kupitirira. Sarvices ndi Advocacy ya GLBT Lucrence (UFLT)

Njira: Mavuto Opitirizabe ndi Kufunikira kwa Lamulo

Ngakhale kuti kulingana kwa ukwati ndi chilakiko chachikulu, sikuli kothetsera. Okwatirana okalamba a kugonana kofanana amafunikirabe malamulo oyendetsera kuti athetse mavuto amene amabwera chifukwa cha kulekana ndi mbiri yakale. Zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:

  • Mapindu otsatirika a lamulo: [[FLT: 1] Malamulo a Security ya Social Social ndi penshoni kuvomereza zaka za ukwati usanakhale kaamba ka okwatirana amodzi omwe analetsedwa mwalamulo kukwatira.
  • Kuphunzitsa kwa akulu osamalira: Chiyeneretso cha boma chakuti nyumba zosamalira okalamba ndi kuthandiza antchito a m'zipatala osamalira onse, ndi njira zosungitsira.
  • Kutsegulira kaamba ka chithandizo chalamulo: Ndalama zowonjezereka za boma ndi boma kaamba ka mautumiki alamulo othandizira kukonza malo ndi mapindu a ulendo wa LGBTQ+ akulu.
  • Kuteteza koletsa kugawana: Malamulo ku Fair House Act ndi Nursing Home Reform Act kundandalika bwino lomwe njira ya kugonana ndi mlingo wa kugonana monga magulu otetezeredwa, ndi machitidwe a zidandaulo otsatizana.
  • Ndalama zosungidwa: zopimira za boma kuwona kuchuluka ndi zosoŵa za lamulo za LGBTQ achikulire, kuphatikizapo malo aukwati, ndalama, ndi zokumana nazo.

Malamulo amenewa sangathandize okalamba okalamba okha komanso amalimbikitsa anthu onse achikulire otetezeka. Anthu a LGBTQ+ anamenyera nkhondo kuti alowe m'banja osati chifukwa cha chikalata cha ukwati, komanso chifukwa cha ufulu walamulo ndi chitetezo chimene ukwati umadzetsa. Kwa mibadwo yakale, kuchedwa kufikitsa malowo osungidwa omwe amafunika kusungidwa mwalamulo. Magulu a anthu ongofuna kumanga nawo malamulo akupitiriza kukakamiza kuti athetse mavutowa, koma anthu onse akulepherabe kusamala zinthu.

Kumaliza

Kuvomerezedwa kwa lamulo la ukwati wa kugonana ku United States kunali kupambana kwa LGBTQ+ zoyenera. Komabe kwa okalamba amene anathera nthaŵi zambiri ya moyo wawo kunja kwa chitetezo cha lamulo, lonjezo lakulingana nlosakwanira. Kuchokera kwa opulumuka a Social Security amapindula ndi kukonza malo otetezeka, okwatirana achikulire amodzimodzi amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zalamulo zimene zimafuna kuthetsera kuposa laisensi ya ukwati. Pamene anthu a zaka ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu achikulire a LBBTQ + akuwonjezeka ndi 3 miliyoni mu U.S. Pofika 202020 ndipo apeza ntchito yoŵirikiza kaŵiri popanga nkhani zimenezi. Okwatirana onse ayenera kukula ndi ulemu, kutetezeka, ndi kutchuka kwa moyo wawo wonse.

Mwa kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zipatala, kuwonjezera chithandizo chalamulo, ndi kupatsa akulu osamalira maphunziro, tingapangitse ufulu wokwatira kukhala wotetezereka mofanana kwa onse. Nkhondo ya kulingana kwa ukwati sinathe pa masitepe a Supreme Court; ikupitirizabe m’zipinda za m’chipatala, nyumba zopuma pantchito, ndi maofesi a zachitetezo m’dziko lonselo. Kuyesa kuti okalamba okalambawo ali ndi zida zalamulo zimene amafunikira sikuli chabe nkhani yowongolera kupanda chilungamo kwapambuyo pake. Kulimbana ndi kukwaniritsa lamulo lakuti chikondi ndi banja n’ko kuyenera kulemekezedwa pambali iliyonse ya moyo wawo.