Chiyambi: Ntchito Yovuta Yolimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga

Kulimbana ndi uchigaŵenga wamakono kumafuna kugwirizana kosalekeza m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana, ukatswiri, ndi chuma. Magulu olimbana ndi uchigaŵenga ayamba kukhala njira yoyamba yopezera mgwirizano umenewu. Mwa kugwirizanitsa anthu a luntha, osungidwa ndi osungika ankhondo, ndi mabungwe a zachitetezo, mphamvu zimenezi zimatheketsa kuti anthu azichita mogwirizana pa zinthu zovuta zimene palibe bungwe limodzi loti lingazichite. Kufunika kwawo kwakula kwambiri kuyambira pa nkhondo 9 / 11.

Kodi Magulu Ofuna Kuloŵerera Antchito za Uchigaŵenga Nchiyani?

Magulu olimbana ndi uchigaŵenga ndi ogwirizana, mabungwe osiyanasiyana amene amaphatikiza maluso a boma, boma, malo, ndiponso nthaŵi zina mayiko kuti ateteze, kusokoneza, ndi kuchitapo kanthu ku ntchito zauchigaŵenga. Mosiyana ndi zigaŵenga zogwiritsa ntchito, maguluwa amagwira ntchito mogwirizana, njira zoyendetsera zinthu, ndiponso kuphatikiza nzeru.

Mbiri Yakale ndi Chisinthiko

Lingaliro la kugwirizana pakati pa anthu a m'mizinda ya New York City ndi madera ena aakulu. Madokotala oyambirirawa anabweretsa FBI, apolisi akomweko, ndi oweruza a boma kuti afufuze magulu a zigaŵenga. Komabe, kuukira kwa pa September 11, 2001, kunavumbula kusiyana kwakukulu kwa chidziŵitso ndi kugwirizana pakati pa mabungwe. Zotsatira zake zinaphatikizapo kupangidwa kwa Department of Homeland Security (DHS) mu 2002 ndi Ofesi ya bungwe la National Intellige (DN) mu 2004 ndi Office ya bungwe la National Intelligence (DN) mu 2004.

Kapangidwe Kake ndi Mamembala

Gulu lankhondo logwirizana lanthaŵi zonse limaphatikizapo oimira:

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) [1] – imatsogolera JTFs zapanyumba ndi kufufuza kwa uchigaŵenga.
  • Desikishoni ya Homeland Security (DHS) - imaphatikizapo Kusamuka ndi Custom Enicement (ICE), Customs and Bournet Protection (CBP), Transportation Administration (TSA), ndi Cybersecurity and Infractive Security Agency (CISA).
  • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)[[FL:1] – imathandizira nzeru zachilendo, makamaka ziwopsezo zochokera ku maiko akunja.
  • National Counter ugandal Center (NCTC) [1] [1] – imapereka mapendedwe ogwirizana ndi chiwopsezo.
  • Ifemu ya UFUTS (DOD) [1] - imaphatikizapo zinthu zochokera ku lamulo lapadera la U.S. (USSOCOM) ndi Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).
  • Bureau of Alcohol, Fodya, Firemormars ndi Frossives (ATF) [1] – ukatswiri m'mabomba ndi mfuti.
  • Tsinja ndi kusungitsa lamulo kwa kumaloko – kutsutsa nzeru ndi yankho la chitaganya.
  • Oweruza a Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo (DOJ) [1] – kutsimikizira machitidwe ndi umboni walamulo.

Antchito angakhale akanthaŵi kaamba ka ntchito zinazake kapena zosatha, monga ngati ma JTF 104 a FBI okhala kutsidya lina la United States.

Phindu Lakugwirizana

Kugaŵana Nzeru ndi Kugawana

Ubwino wina waukulu wa kugwirizanitsa ntchito ndi kutha kugwirizanitsa nzeru ndi zinthu zambiri. Zigaŵenga kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zimene zimaonekera ngati kuti n’zoopsa podzipatula , kugula feteleza, kuyendera malo a nkhondo, kukonza malo a pa Intaneti. Kufufuza kwapadera kungaphonye . Mwakufufuza chidziŵitso cha nzeru za dziko lachilendo la KH, kufufuza kwa FBI kwa m'banja, kuyang'anira malire a DHS ndi kujambula kwa mabwinja, ndi mayeso a a apolisi, kukonza chithunzi choonekera bwino. National Counterbactic Center ikhoza kujambula chithunzi cha [FLT:] CCC [FLT:] [12.1] kuyang'anira ntchito za bungwe la Boma, kuopseza zinthu zimene zimapanga tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kupeza Zinthu Zokwanira Ndiponso Kugwira Ntchito Bwino

Magulu oletsa uchigaŵenga amawonjezera ndalama. Ntchito yachinsinsi, kufufuza kwa pa Intaneti, ndi kuchirikiza kwa ziŵiya zachinsinsi zimafunikira maluso apadera ndi zipangizo zamtengo wapatali. Kuika bajeti ndi antchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kumachepetsa kujambula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama za okhometsa msonkho. Mwachitsanzo, asilikali angapereke mphamvu zothandizira kuyendetsa ndege ndi zopimira, pamene FBI imathandizira ulamuliro walamulo wa mafoni a m'nyumba.

Nthaŵi Zofulumira Kuyankha M’mikhalidwe Yovuta

Pamene chigaŵenga chichitika . "kaya wowombera mfuti, kuphulitsa mabomba, kapena kuukira kwa pa Intaneti / maola oyambirira n’zovuta. Magulu ankhondo asanayambe ntchito, udindo, ndi malamulo olankhulana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti agwirizane pa mphindi zochepa. Mu 2015 San Bernardo, kuukira FBI, FBI yogwidwa ndi JTF yotengedwa ndi gulu la SWAT ndi DHS, kufunafuna ndi kutsimikizira umboni sikunawone ndi ntchito za machenjera. Post-incident, ntchito yomweyi imagwirizanitsa anthu ovutika, oyendetsa nkhani, ndi ofufuza aluso.

Kugwirizana kwa Malamulo ndi Kusokonezedwa

Zigawenga zikuopseza kwambiri dziko lonse. Ku Germany, ntchito imene imayamba ndi munthu woyang’anira dzikolo, imaphatikizapo foni ku United States, ndipo imatha kumangidwa ku Kenya, imafunika kukonza bwinobwino malamulo ndi mapangano a mayiko. Magulu auchigawenga amaphatikizapo otsogolera milandu ndi akuluakulu a bungwe logwirizanitsa anthu amene amaonetsetsa kuti umboni wa m’khoti ukhale wosatsutsika, kuti anthu anzeru akugwirizana (monga ngati Anu Maso Ogwirizana) a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo kuti ntchito yobisa ikugwirizana ndi malamulo a mayiko. Malamulowa amateteza kuti pasakhale ndi maupandu kapena kukangana.

Mavuto Oyang’anizana ndi Timu Logwirizana

Ngakhale kuti pali umboni wosonyeza kuti magulu a anthu olimbana ndi uchigawenga akugwira ntchito bwino, palinso mavuto ena amene amafunika kuti apange njira zothandizira kuti anthu azigwirizana.

Nkhondo za ku Turkey

Makampani akhala akuteteza za ulamuliro wawo, bajeti, ndi chidziŵitso. Mwachitsanzo, FBI ndi CIA, zili ndi kupikisana kolembedwa bwino komwe kungalepheretse kugawana chidziŵitso. Atsogoleri a ntchito ayenera kuyendetsa zinthu zofunika zopikisana ndi kugonjetsa kulephera kwa mabungwe. Maluso achibadwa monga National Countintelligce and Security Center ndi malangizo a luntha a anthu onse , koma kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumakhala kochedwa. Ofesi ya Boma 2019 I. Office ya Boma inapeza kuti 40% ya JTFF idakali ndi lipoti la kuchedwa polandira nzeru kuchokera ku mabungwe ena.

Chidziŵitso Chotchedwa Silos ndi Zopinga

Ngakhale ngati mabungwe afuna kuthandizana, madongosolo apadera angalepheretse kugwirizana. Malipoti a Law Enforcement Concective (LES), pamene nzeru ya CIA ndi Top Secre/SCI yokhala ndi mabakwa. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti azikhala ndi mphamvu zothandizirana kuti afotokoze zinthu zina. Kuchuluka kwa makampani a malamulo (JICS, SIPRNet, FBI’S STINEL) kumayambitsa zopinga zamakono. Zoyesayesa zamakono, monga ODI’I IS IS ISce Information Invity (IE), cholinga chopanga nsalu. Kuchuluka kwa makompyuta amodzi ofufuza (JIC, SIPRNET, STINET)

Zikhalidwe za Gulu Zosiyana ndi Zochita Zosiyanasiyana

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo akugwira ntchito pansi pa woweruza wa milandu . Amasonkhanitsa umboni wa mlandu ndi kugwira ntchito motsatira malamulo okhwima a upandu. Mabungwe aluso amaika zinthu zosonkhanitsidwa ndi kusanthula, kaŵirikaŵiri mololera kwambiri. Magulu ankhondo amayang'ana pa liŵiro, kupha, ndi kukwaniritsa ntchito. Kusiyana kumeneku kungatsogolere ku zinthu zofunika, nthaŵi, ndi maupandu ovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, JTF angafune kuchedwetsa kumangidwa kuti apeze nzeru zambiri, pamene asilikali akufuna kuchepetsa mwamsanga chinthu chofunika. Ntchito yopindulitsa yopanga maphunziro, kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, ndi maprogramumboni ogwirizanitsa anthu kuti adalire.

Kuwamasula Mwalamulo ndi Kwachiŵeniŵeni

Magulu oletsa upandu m’boma ayenera kugwirizana ndi Demetrime yachinayi, Foreign Intelligance Act (FASA), ndi Attorney Guidelines ya ntchito za FBI. Kuphatikizana kwa zinthu kungayambitse nkhaŵa za “khoma” pakati pa luntha ndi malamulo, zimene zinachotsedwa patapita 9 / 11 koma zikukhalabe m'madera ofunika. Ochirikiza ufulu wa anthu amatsutsa kuti ntchito zingachititse kuyang'anira anthu osalakwa, makamaka m'midzi ya Asilamu ndi America. Olamulira zachinsinsi ndi bungwe la Libertes Oversity, ndi mabungwe amathandiza kuchepetsa ngozi zimenezi, koma kupitirizabe.

Zitsanzo Zenizeni za Magulu a Ntchito Olimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga

Asilikali Ogwirizana a FBI Agwira Ntchito ya Uchigaŵenga (JTTF)

A bungwe la JTTF ndilo maziko a ugandaganda wa dziko la United States. JTF aliyense akuphatikizapo antchito a FBI, DHS, boma ndi apolisi akomweko, ndipo nthaŵi zina oweruza a boma. Pali 104 JTTFFs m'dziko lonselo, ndi mamembala oposa 4,000. Iwo akhala othandiza m'nkhani zambiri zapamwamba, kuphatikizapo kusokonezedwa kwa malo a pansi panthaka a 2009 mu mzinda wa New York City, kumangidwa kwa “Boston Marathon bombarker . Kugwira ntchito yogwirizana ndi boma, ndi kuchotsa maselo ankhanza. JTFS ikuchita ntchito pansi pa “chigamu la olamulira . Faelo la “Generacy .

Bungwe Lolimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga (NCTC)

NTCC inapangidwa mu 2004 ndipo imagwira ntchito monga bungwe lalikulu la boma logwirizanitsa ndi kupenda nzeru zonse zokhudza uchigaŵenga. Imachititsa mapendedwe oyenera, kuyendera zigaŵenga, ndi kukonza malo osungiramo zinthu za upandu (Tedribist Identifities Datasmart Environment (TIDE). NCTCC siiyendetsa ntchito koma imapatsa bungwe lililonse loona za ntchito. Akatswiri ake amatengedwa ku CIA, FBI, DHS, ndi kukonzanso za asilikali. Ntchito ya bungweli ndi “kutsogolera mtundu kuti uyesetse kulimbana ndi uchigawenga panyumba ndi kumaiko ena.

Mphamvu Zapadziko Lonse Zogwira Ntchito: Maso Asanu ndi Kutali

Chigwirizano cha pakati pa anthu chimakhudzana ndi mayiko a United States. Gulu la maso asanu (U.S., UK, Canada, Australia , New Zealand) lagwirizana ndi magulu ogwira ntchito auchigaŵenga. Asilikali a Bidateral ntchito, monga ngati U.S. Pakistan Counter Pronotic Prophecy Dialogion kapena U.S. Saudioct Task Force on Terrorism , lothandiza kuti ntchito zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Magulu a ntchito osiyanasiyana m'madera onga Sahel (G5 Sahel Joy Force ya ku Africa (Magalamu a Paunt Task – Horn of Africa) amasonyeza kuti chisonyeze chifanizo cha dziko lonse cha Krorisiko.

Zipangizo Zothandiza Kugwira Ntchito

Magulu amakono a ntchito amadalira luso lapamwamba kuti apange chidziŵitso chochuluka chopangidwa mwa kufufuza. Zida zofunika zimaphatikizapo:

  • Maplatifomu ophatikizapo -madongosolo onga National Fusion Center Network amagwirizanitsa JTF ku boma ndi malo ophatikiza, kupereka chithunzi chofanana chogwirira ntchito.
  • Anuct specials (OSIN) anthisitics – mphamvu za ntchito zimayang'anira wailesi ndi makompyuta, utoto wakuda, ndi ma apps obisa mauthenga pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga Dataminer ndi pulogalamu yapadera.
  • Luntha la kuzindikira ndi luntha – Khristu la Homeland Edval Stault Technology (HART) ndi FBI's Generation Identification (NGI) imalola mphamvu za ntchito kudziŵikitsa mwamsanga zonyumwiridwa kupyolera m'madansi, kuzindikira nkhope, ndi kupima diso.
  • [[FLT : 0] Luntha ndi mamakina opanga kuphunzira [1] [1] -Al imagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri kutulukira njira za maulendo, malonda a zachuma, ndi njira zolankhulirana zimene zingasonyeze kulinganiza kwa uchigaŵenga. DHS’S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Komabe, luso la zopangapanga limayambitsanso mavuto monga kukondera zinthu zina, kusokoneza zinthu zachinsinsi, ndiponso kutha kwa adani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolembedwa mwaluso.

Mafakitale Opanga Mafaelo Ovomerezeka ndi Oyang’anira

Magulu a boma olimbana ndi uchigaŵenga amagwira ntchito m’malo ovuta kwambiri a boma.

  • Act ya USA PATRIOT (2001) – mphamvu zolamulira zofutukulidwa ndi kuchepetsa chidziŵitso pakati pa luntha ndi kusungitsa lamulo.
  • Foreral Information Survant Act (2015) – zikalata zogwirizana ndi uchigawenga wogaŵana zinthu zokhudzana ndi boma, boma, ndi mabungwe ena.
  • Act ya Nzeru ya ku Foreign Surveillance (FASA) [1] - imalamulira kuyang'ana kwa pa magetsi ndi kufunafuna nzeru zachilendo, kufunikiritsa chilolezo cha khoti kaamba ka kuukira “anthu a U.S..”
  • Attorney Guidenes – chaza makhomo a kuyambitsa kufufuza, ntchito zachinsinsi, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito odziŵitsa achinsinsi.

Kuyang’anira kwaperekedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo ya Ofesi ya Nduna, makomiti a bungwe la Communion (m’chitsanzo, House Homeland Security Committee Komiti ya Security , Seminary Service Komiti), ndi Malo Okhala ndi Chitetezo cha Chigawo Olamulira Bungwe (PCLOB). Malipoti aposachedwapa a PCLOB agogomezera kufunika kwa kuwonekera bwino kwa ntchito zamphamvu m'makampani opanga ndi kuyang'anira manyuzipepala.

Malamulo a M’tsogolo a Kugwirizana

Zinthu zimene zimachitika kuti dziko liwonongeke zimasintha n’kukhalanso:

  • Kugwirizanitsa kwakukulu kwa boma ndi mabwenzi a kumaloko – ziukiro zambiri zimakonzedwa ndi kuphedwa ndi opambanitsa okula m'midzi. Apolisi a kumaloko ali ndi kugwirizana kwapafupi kwambiri ndi madera amenewo. Kufutukula ma JTTF kuti aphatikizepo apolisi a kumaloko ndi maselo ophatikizana angathandize kutulukira mwamsanga.
  • Kuŵerenga upandu wa pa Intaneti ndi ziwopsezo za WMD [1] – Kukwera kwa ziukiro za mafashoni zotsutsana ndi zinthu zowopsa ndi kuthekera kwa kuukira kwa tizilombo kapena mankhwala kumafuna ukatswiri watsopano. Mphamvu za ntchito zikuwonjezera akatswiri a zaumoyo ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo.
  • Luntha lopanga lokhala ndi mazira lokhala ndi maluso ] – A ingathandize kutsogolera, kuneneratu njira zoukira, ndi kufukula mitu yobisika. Komabe, kutsimikizira kuti kuli chilungamo ndi kupeŵa zinthu zonama zidakali zovuta.
  • Kulimbitsa mgwirizano wa mitundu yonse - Global uchigaŵenga sumadziwa malire. U.S. Ukukulitsa mphamvu zogwirizanitsa ndi IntePOL, Europol, ndi mabungwe a m'madera kuti athandize anthu kukhala anzeru pa nthawi yeniyeni.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuyang'ana kuŵerengera ndi kudalira kwa anthu - profile iliyonse yokwera imene imathamanga (m' lekuatiso, bomba la Boston limene silinagawana ndi luntha lonse) imawononga chidaliro. Magulu ankhondo a ntchito ayenera kukhazikitsa maphunziro ndi kuchita bwino pambuyo pa Action Reviews.

Kumaliza

Magulu ankhondo olimbana ndi ugandaganda si ntchito za boma chabe. Maguluwa ndi maziko a chitetezo cha dziko m’zaka za zana la 21. Mwakugwetsa zipupa zimene zinalekanitsa nzeru, malamulo, ndi malo ankhondo, magulu ameneŵa amapanga njira ya boma yonse imene imaposa kuchuluka kwa mbali zake. Mavuto a bungwe, chikhalidwe, ndi malamulo ndi ndi enieni, koma akufotokozedwa mwa kusintha kopitirizabe ndi kugwirizanitsa. Pamene zigaŵenga zikuvuta ndi kutha kusokoneza, mphamvu za mabungwe a ntchito pamodzi idzatha kutsimikizira kuti anthu atetezeke, luso la zopanga zinthu zamakono, ndi malamulo nkofunika kutsimikizira kuti kugwirizana kwalamulo kumakhala kopindulitsa, kovomerezeka, kovomerezeka, ndi kodalirika.

Kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, funsani kwa mkulu wa FBI tsamba la kuŵerengera upandu [[FLT:] ndi Congregation Research Service pa Coogation in Counterism in Counterism [FLT :4].