Nthambi Zitatu za ku America Zimapirira

Kugwirizana kwa nthambi za boma, akuluakulu a boma, ndi achiweruzo a United States kumapanga maziko a moyo wa ndale zadziko za America. Unansi umenewu, kugwirizana kwa mgwirizano wadala ndi nkhondo zosapeŵeka, umalongosola mmene malamulo amapangidwira, mmene malamulo amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndi mmene malamulo amamasulira. Kwa wophunzira aliyense wa boma kapena nzika yoikiziridwa, kuzindikira mphamvu imeneyi n’kofunika. Opanga malamulo a malamulowo anapanga njira yochitira zinthu osati yochitira bwino, koma yolinganizidwira kuti apeze malo apamwamba, ndi kumene palibe bungwe limodzi limene lingalamulire. Nkhaniyi imapereka kupenda kokwanira kwa kugwirizana ndi kutsutsana kwa manthambi, imasunga kulinganizika kwa mphamvu, ndipo imalimbikitsa kuyendetsa ntchito kwa democracy.

Kumvetsetsa Nthambi Zitatu za Boma

Maziko a boma la United States ali ndi maulamuliro olekanitsa bwino maulamuliro kunthambi zitatu zosiyana. Magawo ameneŵa, ofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mu Nkhani zitatu zoyambirira za Lamulo, amaika ntchito zapadera ku nthambi iliyonse pamene kuli kwakuti ntchito yothandizana imakhala yoyang’anira limodzi.

  • Branch (Inchulani Yoyamba): [FTLT:1] Apatsidwa mlandu wa kupanga mtundu wotchedwa ’ malamulo, Congress ndi chigwirizano cha magomere chopangidwa ndi Nyumba ya Oimira ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Nyumba, ndi kuimira kozikidwa pa chiŵerengero cha boma, imayambitsa ndalama za ndalama ndi kukhala ndi mphamvu ya kusaphunzira. Nyumba, yokhala ndi ziimiro zofanana za boma lililonse, kutsimikizira kuikidwa kwa pulezidenti ndi kugwirizanitsa mapangano. Imapangano onse, inde, ndi kutumiza malamulo akuti zonse kuchokera ku chitetezero cha dziko ku zithandizo ku njira zaumoyo.
  • Nthambi ya Accutive (Article II): Yotsogozedwa ndi Pulezidenti, amene akutumikira monga mkulu wa boma ndi Mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo, nthambi ya mkulu ndi imene ili ndi thayo la kukhazikitsa ndi kutsogolera lamulo la boma. Pulezidenti amayang'anira bungwe lalikulu la boma, amayang'anira malamulo a akuluakulu, ndi kuchita malamulo achilendo. Pulezidenti ndi Kampani ndi Kabinala amachirikiza Pulezidenti pochita ntchito zimenezi.
  • Branch Yopereka Chiyeso (Article III): Ikugwira ntchito mwa kumasulira malamulo ndi Malamulo, nthambi yachiweruzo ikupanga Bwalo Lapamwamba ndi makhoti a boma ochepera okhazikitsidwa ndi Congress. Oweruza a Federal amaikidwa kaamba ka moyo, kutsimikizira kudziimira pa chitsenderezo cha ndale zadziko. Oweruza amagamula milandu pa lamulo la boma ndipo ali ndi ulamuliro womalizira pa mafunso a lamulo kupyolera pa mphamvu ya kupenda kwachiweruzo, lamulo lokhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu m'nkhani yotchuka Marbury v. Magnome .

Nthambi iliyonse, ngakhale kuti ili ndi ntchito zake zazikulu, imadalira enawo kuti ikwaniritse zolinga zake, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu azidalirana.

Ntchito Yothandiza Pakati pa Nthambi

Utsogoleri wogwira ntchito si wochitika mwapadera. Zochitika zazikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya ku America ̬ kuchokera ku New Accounting mpaka ku malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe mpaka ku kusungitsa ndalama za boma ku kampani ya zachuma ya dziko lonse yotchedwa ̬ yakhala ikufuna kugwirizana kwakukulu m'nthambi. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumayambika mwa njira zokhazikitsidwa za malamulo ndi kukambirana kosakhala kwalamulo.

Kulinganiza Malamulo ndi Utsogoleri: Injini Yopanga Malamulo

Unansi pakati pa Congress ndi Pulezidenti ndi mbali yooneka kwambiri ya kugwirizana pakati pa anthu. Kungokhazikitsa lamulo la boma kumangofuna kuti nthambi zonse ziwiri ziloŵe nawo.

  • Agenda Setting yokhala ndi malamulo: Pamene kuli kwakuti ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo yokha imene ingayambitse ndi kutumiza ndalama, Pulezidenti amasonkhezera kwambiri pa mandandanda a malamulo. Boma la pachaka la bungwe la Union limalongosola malamulo a boma, kupereka chizindikiro kwa Congress kuti lamulo limene White House akuyembekezera kuyang'anizana ndi. Madenti ndi antchito awo amagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi utsogoleri wa bungwe la olinganiza malamulo ogwirizana ndi maprogramu a mabwana a kayendetsedwe.
  • Federal Baul Victive: Pulezidenti amatumiza chigamulo chatsatanetsatane cha bajeti ku Congress chaka chilichonse, akumafotokoza zolingaliridwa kuwonongera mabungwe a boma. Congress samangovomereza lingaliro limeneli; ilo limakhala ndi kumvetsera, makambitsirano, ndi kukambirana za chigamulo chomaliza cha bajeti ndi ndalama zothandizira kugwirizanitsa. Mchitidwe wa kukhazikitsanso bajeti, umene umalola lamulo logwirizana ndi unyinji wosavuta wa malamulowo m'Banga, uli chiŵiya champhamvu kaamba ka mgwirizano ̬ ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri, mkangano waukulu.
  • Kutsimikizira kwa Mapangano: Pulezidenti amatchula anthu kaamba ka malo aakulu, kuphatikizapo alembi a Kabibit, oweruza a boma, ndi akazembe. Malamulo ameneŵa amafuna "umboni ndi chivomerezo" cha Nyumba ya Malamulo, njira imene imaphatikizapo kumvetsera kwa makomiti ndi voti yathunthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti kaŵirikaŵiri malo a mkangano, njira yotsimikizira ndiyo njira yaikulu ya Konsoli kuumba nthambi ya nduna ndi jadiary.
  • Ofesi ndi malamulo Achilendo: Pulezidenti akukambirana mapangano ndi mitundu ina, koma mapangano ameneŵa amakhala ogwirizana kokha pambuyo pa mavoti aŵiri atatu a Nyumba ya Malamulo kuwagwirizanitsa. Chifuniro chimenechi chimakakamiza nthambi ya mkulu kukhazikitsa chigwirizano chachikulu mu Nyumba ya Malamulo asanapereke dziko ku mathayo a maiko onse. Posachedwapa, mapresidenti atembenukira kwambiri ku mapangano apamwamba, amene safuna kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo ikhale ndi kukhazikitsa, kutsendereza chitsutso chimenechi.

Kusintha Malamulo pa Nkhani ya Chiweruzo ndi Malamulo: Kuwononga Chilamulo

Makhoti sayambitsa malamulo, koma matanthauzo awo a malamulo amasinthanso zinthu zimene zimapanga malamulo a m’tsogolo.

  • Judicial Review monga Guiding Force: Pamene Khoti Lalikulu ligamula lamulo monga losagwirizana ndi boma, limatumiza chizindikiro chomveka ku Congress. Khoti limapereka mafotokozedwe alamulo akuti Congress ayenera kulemekeza. Zimenezi zingatsogolere kugwirizanitsa monga malamulo atsopano a Congress amene amapanga malamulo a khotilo pamene likulondolabe malamulo oyambirira. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo poti khotilo linazetsa zigamu za malamulo ofunika za ufulu wa Vong Rights Act mu County v. Bauter [FLD:3] , Commongressssssssssss akambirana ndi njira yatsopano yoyang'anira malamulo.
  • Response yovomerezeka ku Zigamulo za Oweruza: Congress imagwirizana ndi khoti mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amagwirizanitsa kapena kumveketsa malamulo poyankha zigamulo za khoti. Ngati khoti lopereka apilo likutsutsa malamulo otsutsana pa nkhani, Nyumba ya Malamulo ingapereke lamulo limene limathetsa mfundo zosadziwika bwino m'dziko lonselo. Kuwonjezera apo, Congress ili ndi mphamvu, kudzera mwa malamulo wamba, kuwongolera malamulo a makhoti a boma ndi kukhazikitsa nambala yachiweruzo pa Khoti Lapamwamba, ngakhale kuti mphamvu zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwawo ndi ndale.

Kugwirizana kwa Oyang’anira ndi Oweruza: Kukakamiza ndi Kumasulira

Nthambi za akuluakulu ndi zachiweruzo zilinso ndi unansi wogwirizana, makamaka m'kusungitsa malamulo a khoti. Mabungwe a Federal, motsogozedwa ndi Pulezidenti, ali ndi thayo la kugwiritsa ntchito zigamulo za khoti. Ngati nthambi ya mkuluyo siifuna kukakamiza zigamulo, malamulo achiweruzo angakhale opanda pake. Kudalira kumeneku kumalimbitsa lamulo la jaji ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma amene ali ndi chichirikizo chokwanira kwa anthu ndi andale kuti agwiritsiridwe ntchito.

Kukangana Pakati pa Nthambi

Kulimbana si chizindikiro cha kusweka kwa dongosolo; ndi mbali yozikidwa pa malamulo. Mafrears anamvetsetsa kuti mphamvu yamphamvu ndi yowopsa, ndipo anapanga maulamuliro otsagana bwino lomwe kuyambitsa kutsutsana. Kukangana kumeneku, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina kumatsogolera ku kutseguka kwa malo, kumakhala kupenda kosamalitsa kwa ochenjera.

Wolamulira Wolamulira ndi Wokakamiza Wotsatira Malamulo

Magwero osatha a mkangano ndiwo chinenezo cha akuluakulu a boma ochenjerera. Mabishopu, oyang’anizana ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo yochedwa kusuntha, angakakamize malire a ulamuliro wawo kukwaniritsa zolinga za lamulo.

  • Ixecutive Orders and Metranda : Malamulo auyang'aniro amaperekedwa ndi Pulezidenti kuyang'anira ntchito za boma la boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti iwo ali ndi mphamvu ya lamulo, iwo sali malamulo ndipo angagwetsedwe ndi pulezidenti wotsatira kapena kumenyedwa ndi makhoti ngati apitirira ulamuliro wa boma kapena malamulo alamulo. Malamulo a boma, onga aja a kusamutsitsa kapena a chilengedwe, kaŵirikaŵiri amatsutsa zitokosokosozo zalamulo ndi zoyesayesa za bungwe lalamulo kutsekereza ndalama za kuyendetsa ntchito kwawo.
  • National Emergency Declarations:[FLT: 1] Lamulo la National Emerdiations Act likupatsa pulezidenti mphamvu zautali kuchitapo kanthu popanda kugamula pambuyo pake pa tsoka lolengezedwa. Osuliza amanena kuti ma prezidenti agwiritsira ntchito ulamuliro umenewu kutsekereza Nyumba za Malamulo pa nkhani monga ndalama zoperekedwa kumalipiro amaliro kapena ziletso. Nyumba ya Malamulo ingapereke chigamulo cha kuthetsa ngozi ya dziko, koma kuchita tero moyenerera kufunikira kuletsa anthu ochuluka ogaŵanika, chitsutso chachikulu m'boma logawanika.
  • Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mphamvu ya Veto:[[FT:1] Prezidenti ndi chiŵiya chachindunji ndi champhamvu chotsekereza malamulo. Congress ingachotse kokha ndi unyinji wa matatu aŵiri okha m'zipinda zonse ziŵiri, chochitika chosawoneka. Chiwopsezo cha selo lomwelo chiri chiŵiya champhamvu, kaŵirikaŵiri kupangitsa Congress kukonzanso ngongole asanafikire desiki ya Pulezidenti. Zimenezi zimapanga nsonga yowonekera bwino ya nkhondo pamene malamulo a kayendetsedwe ka ka kayendetsedwe ka ka ka ka ka kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kawo kawo kawonjezedwa mwachindunji ndi gulu la opanga malamulo.

Kuletsa Kuweruza: Nkhani Yovuta Kuikumbukira

Nthaŵi zambiri mikangano imabuka chifukwa cha mbali yoyenera ya achiweruzo. Mawu akuti "kutsatira lamulo" ndi "kuletsa kwa lamulo" amafotokoza nthanthi zotsutsana ponena za mmene oweruza ayenera kumasulira lamulo.

  • [[FLT: 0] Zosankha za Pamtunda ndi Chiwonjezeko cha Anthu: Zigamulo za Bwalo Lapamwamba pa nkhani zogaŵanitsa kwambiri̬ monga kuchotsa mimba ( Roe v. Wade, Madobs v. Jackson & #817; Gulu la Zaumoyo ), kuvomereza, kapena kuchirikiza zinenezo ( kugwetsa , ndalama za United. FOR[FFFLT:] [12]) .[22] . &82; kaŵirikaŵiri amayambitsa mkangano ndi ma nthambi a bungwe la za boma. Pamene lamulo lochepetsa lamulo, lingaperekeze mlandu waukulu, kapena kuwonjezera chigamulo cha chigamu cha chigamu cha chigawawa cha chigawa cha mlandu, kapena kuwonjezera chigawa.
  • Malire Opasa Omwe Akhoza Kuchitidwa pa Mabwalo: Congress iri ndi ziŵiya zalamulo zopitirizira kutsutsa chiweruzo. Ikhoza kupereka ziyeso za lamulo kugwetsa chigamulo cha Khoti, ngakhale kuti njira ya ratifiction ili yovuta kwambiri. Kongress ingapangitse malamulo atsopano amene amapereka njira yalamulo yosiyana ku chonulirapo chimodzi, kutseka chigamulo chachiweruzo. Mphamvu ya kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa khoti Lapamwamba ndi makhoti ang’ono ndi ena, osagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri, fufuzani mphamvu yachiweruzo.

Kulimbana kwa Lamulo: Mphamvu ya Kugula ndi Kufufuza

Pamapeto pa mikangano ya malamulo, nthambi ya malamulo imagwiritsira ntchito zida zazikulu ziŵiri m’kulimbana kwake ndi mkulu wa boma: mphamvu ya chikwamacho ndi mphamvu ya kufufuza.

Nyumba ya malamulo imayang'anira ndalama zonse za boma. Ikhoza kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama za nthambi kuti ipereke ndalama, ichepetse, kapena kutsekereza zonse. Pulezidenti angapemphe ndalama kuti apereke pulogalamu yatsopano, koma ngati Congress akakana, malo othandizira. Mofananamo, Congress amayang'anira milandu ndi kufufuza zochita za nthambi. Zikalata zolembedwa ndi umboni ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri zothandizira oyang'anira, koma iwonso angakhale malo a nkhondo zazikulu, monga momwe zimawonera m'nkhondo za mwaŵi wauyang'aniro ndi kukana kugwirizana.

Kufufuza za Kulinganiza ndi Kukangana

Kupenda zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko kumasonyeza kuti pali kugwirizana ndi kusamvana kwakukulu.

Afford Care Act (ACA): Phunziro m’Maumboni Omwe Ayesedwa

Kudutsa ndi kupulumuka kwa Affordal Care Act mu 2010 ndi kalasi lapamwamba pa zonse ziŵiri kugwirizana ndi kulimbana kofulumira. Lamulo linali chiyambukiro cha kugwirizana kwamphamvu pakati pa Pulezidenti Barack Obama ndi Democratic Congress . Pambuyo pa chaka cha kukambirana kwakukulu ndi kutsutsana, lamulolo linapatsira zipinda zonse ziŵiri popanda kuchilikiza Republican m'Nyumba kapena m'Banga. Malamulo ameneŵa anali a ntchito yotchuka.

Komabe, nkhondo inabuka nthaŵi yomweyo. Maboma ambiri ndi zipani za anthu zinakhazikitsa zitokoso za lamulo, zikumanena kuti chigamulo cha munthu ndi kuwonjezera Medicaid zinali zosagwirizana ndi malamulo. Mlandu, National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius . (202) (202), , inafika ku Supreme Court. Pa chigamulo, Khotilo linachirikiza lamulo la munthu aliyense payekha monga msonkho koma linakanthana ndi kufutukula kwa lamulo la Medicaid. Chigamuchi chinakakamiza kuyankha kogwirizana kuchokera ku Congresssionsion ndi mayiko, monga momwe zina zina zinasankhira kuwonjezera, kuyambitsa dongosolo la ntchito. ACAGAGAGA imasonyeza mmene kugwirizanitsa malamulo a boma, kumbuyo kotsogolera ku nkhondo ya za ndale ya za boma ndi kumbuyo kwa malamulo. [Fogneon, Convition: "F] ndi kukambirana ndi kutsutsana kwa malamulo.

Kupitiriza: Kulimbana Kotheratu kwa Malamulo

Kuvomereza kuli ngati kusemphana kwakukulu kwa lamulo pakati pa nthambi za malamulo ndi akuluakulu a boma. Ndi njira ya ndale, osati yaupandu, yolinganizidwira kuchotsa Prezidenti kaamba ka "kulingalira, chiphuphu, kapena maupandu ena aakulu ndi olakwa. Kachitidweko kakusonyeza kugaŵikana kwa mphamvu mkati mwa Congress iko.

  • Investigation ndi Vote:[[FLT :1] Nyumba ya Oimira, kupyolera mwa Komiti ya Judia, imafufuza zinenezo zotsutsana ndi Pulezidenti. Ngati unyinji wa anthu avomereza nkhani za kusavomereza, Pulezidenti amachitidwa mwalamulo. Sitepe limeneli nlogwirizana ndi mlandu.
  • Kuweruza ndi Kuweruza: Pamenepo Nyumba ya Malamulo ikupanga mlandu, ndi ziŵalo za Nyumba zikuchita monga ozenga mlandu ndi Woweruza Wamkulu wa Bwalo Lapamwamba. Osankha aŵiri a nyumba ya Malamulo afunikira kumanga ndi kuchotsa Pulezidenti ku ofesi.

Malamulo a Pulezidenti Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, ndi Donald Trump (tini) amasonyeza kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa njira imeneyi paunansi pakati pa mapangano. Mlandu uliwonse unali ndi magaŵano aakulu a ogaŵa, mkangano wonena za chimene chimapanga mlandu wosayenera, ndi mafunso aakulu onena za malire a ulamuliro. Palibe pulezidenti amene anachotsedwapo ndi Khoti, koma njirayo imasintha kwambiri dziko landale ndipo ingatseke ulamuliro wa pulezidenti.

Chiŵerengero cha Anthu 2020 ndi Ulamuliro Waukulu

Mkangano wophatikizapo kufunsa unzika pa 2020 Census umapereka chitsanzo chaposachedwapa cha nkhondo yamitundu yambiri. Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda, pansi pa ulamuliro wa Trump, inapereka lingaliro lowonjezera funso. Osuliza anatsutsa kuti ukaletsa kutengamo mbali kosafuna ndi kutulutsa ziŵerengero zosalondola, kuswa lamulo la Malamulo kaamba ka "Kuloŵa m'Aunyinji" wa anthu.

Maboma angapo ndi magulu a akulu a boma anaimbidwa mlandu, kutsogolera ku mlandu wa Khoti Lalikulu, Gawo la Commerce v. New York [1] (2017). Khoti linatsekerezatu funso la unzika, kugamula kuti mafotokozedwe a boma anali a pasadakhale. nthambi ya mkulu wa bungwelo inakakamizika kunyalanyaza gawo lake. Nkhani imeneyi ikusonyeza mmene jaji ya ja imaonera ntchito yapamwamba imene imakhala yozikidwa pa kukambitsirana kolakwika, ngakhale m’madera a kuyang'anira kwamwambo. Imasonyezanso mmene makampani a boma, monga mbali ya nthambi, ayenera kugwirira ntchito m'malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi mabwalo a khoti.

Kufunika Kosatha kwa Kusamala

Kusuntha ndi kutulutsa kosalekeza pakati pa nthambi zitatuzo sikuli chophophonya chimene chiyenera kuchotsedwa koma mbali yoyenera kumvedwa ndi kutetezeredwa. Dongosolo la macheke ndi mamiyeso lalinganizidwe kukhala lolinganizidwira kukhala lochedwa, ladala, ndi lotsutsa kusintha kwakukulu. Zimenezi zingakhale zokhumudwitsa m'nyengo yofuna kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira, koma limatumikira chifuno chovuta: limaletsa nthambi iliyonse kuti isasunge mphamvu yosaletsedwa.

  • Zisungiro za Malamulo: Prezidenti aswa malamulo; Congress amaika mavoti okwanira; Prezidenti amaika oweruza; Nyumba ya Malamulo imatsimikizira; oweruza amatsimikizira malamulo kaamba ka malamulo a lamulo; Mabungwe angapereke kukonzanso zigamulo zachiweruzo. Maulamuliro ogwirizana ameneŵa amapanga dongosolo la kudalirana ndi kuŵerengerana.
  • Chigwirizano cha Mantha osankhidwa monga: [FLT :1] Choyang'anira chachikulu pa nthambi zonse zitatu ndicho chisankho cha ku Amereka. Voters amasankha Pulezidenti ndi ziŵalo za Congress. Lingaliro la anthu, ngakhale kuti si mmodzi wa nthambizo, amakakamiza akuluakulu a boma osankhidwa. Nzika yokangalika imachita nawo ntchito yokhudzana ndi oimira, ndi kugawana ndi opereka nkhani yapoyera imene imachititsa dongosolo la malamulo a dziko. Chidziŵitso chodziŵikitsa chimene chimafuna kuti manthambi onse adziyang'anira motsimikizirika motsutsana ndi mphamvu zachinyengo.
  • Kulimbana ndi Kulinganiza: Kulamulira kwa nyengo ino kumayang'anizana ndi mavuto atsopano pa kulinganiza kumeneku. Kukwera kwa malamulo a akuluakulu, kuwonjezereka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito kwa Relibulister mu Nyumba ya Malamulo, kukhazikitsa zitsimikizo zachiweruzo, ndi kukula kwa boma kumachititsa zonse zosokoneza kupatutsa maulamuliro. Kumvetsetsa mphamvu zimenezi n’kofunika kwa aliyense wofuna kukhala nzika yoikizidwa ndi yogwira ntchito. [[FLT:] U.S. boma limapereka kupendedwa kwa maziko a nyumba zimenezi, pamene kuli kozama kuchokera ku malo onga [FL:] .[FLT] .[5]

Kumaliza: Anthu Amakhala ndi Maganizo Osagwirizana

Kugwirizana kwa nthambi za boma sikuli lingaliro lachilendo lokhazikitsidwa ku mabuku ophunzirira. Ndilo njira ya moyo, yopuma, ndi kugwirizana zimene zimachitidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ku Washington, D.C., ndi m'makhoti m'dziko lonselo. Kukonza makhoti kumathandiza boma kusamalira mavuto a dziko lonse, kuyambira pa mavuto azachuma mpaka zangozi za anthu onse mpaka pa zofunika za moyo. Kulimbana, pamene kuli kwakuti kaŵirikaŵiri kumawononga ndi kuganiziridwa ndi ndale zadziko, kumakhala kutsutsana kofunika kwambiri kumene kumatetezera ufulu wa munthu ndi kuletsa nthambi iliyonse kulamulira ena.

Kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi, kumvetsa zimenezi si luso lamaphunziro. Ndi mfungulo yomvetsa mmene kupikisana kwa ndale zadziko kumachitikira, chifukwa chake njira zina zalamulo zimapambana pamene ena akulephera, ndi mmene malamulo amasungidwira m'chitaganya chosiyana ndi chogaŵanika. Nzeru za dongosolo la America sizili m'mphamvu yake, koma m'kulimba kwake. Kuphatikizana kwa malamulo, mkulu, ndi nthambi zachiweruzo kumatsimikizira kuti mphamvu zikhalabe zogaŵanika, zoŵerengedwa, zoikidwiratu, ndi kugonjera ku chisonkhezero chokhazikika cha Malamulo ndi nzika yoikizira. Kufufuza kozama kwa zolinga za oyambitsa, [[FLT:] Kopesha ya National Archives of the Constitution [FLD [FLD]]