Kumvetsetsa Mbali ya Madipatimenti a Boma m’Chitukuko cha Ana ndi Chitetezo

Ubwino wa ana ndi chitetezo zimapanga malo a chitaganya chachifundo ndi chosatekeseka. Chaka chilichonse, ana mamiliyoni ambiri ku United States amakumana ndi madongosolo a zaumoyo wa ana a boma, ndi ana oposa 600,000 otsimikiziridwa monga minkhole ya kuchitiridwa nkhanza kapena kunyalanyazidwa mu 2022, mogwirizana ndi chidziŵitso cha Ana a Bureau . Madipatimenti a boma odzipereka ku ubwino wa ana ndiwo mabungwe akuluakulu a boma ochitidwa ntchito yosamalira, kutsimikizira kutetezeredwa, kusungitsa kusungidwa kwachikhalire, kulera mabanja. Mabungwe ameneŵa samagwira ntchito m'maulendo a malamulo, malamulo, mabungwe, ndi mautumiki a zaluso amene akuyesetsa kutetezera anthu osoŵa. Kudziŵa ntchito yawo onse, kuteteza mabanja, kuteteza mabanja, ndi kuchirikiza anthu odziŵa bwino za malamulo a anthu, ndi osamalira bwino a anthu, ndi osamalira bwino za ana.

Mawu akuti “dipatimenti ya boma” m'nkhani ino amalozera ku bungwe la boma loyang'anira ntchito zaumoyo wa ana, lomwe kaŵirikaŵiri limatchedwa Department of Social Services, Department of Children and Families, kapena chinthu china chofanana. Mabungwe ameneŵa amayang'anira maprogramu osiyanasiyana olamulidwa ndi boma ndi boma, kuphatikizapo mautumiki otetezera ana (CPS), chisamaliro cha ana, chisamaliro, kulera, ndi kusamalirana ndi ziwalo za banja. Kucholoŵa ntchito zawo kumachokera ku ntchito ziŵiri zotetezera ana pamene kuli kofunikira ndi kulimbitsa mabanja nthaŵi zina pamene kuli kotheka. Kulinganiza zolinga zimenezi kumafuna antchito aluso, chuma chokwanira, ndi kumvetsetsa zinthu zimene zimachititsa kuti ana achitidwe. Nkhaniyi imapenda zolinga, ntchito, zivutoko, ndi malangizo a m’tsogolo a madipatimenti othandizira ana, kukonza mamenti odziŵa bwino kuti athere bwino zinthu ndi kuwonjezera njira za njira za kayendetsekedwe kayende kayende kayende kayendedwe ka.

Nkhani za M’mbiri ndi Chisinthiko cha Chitukuko cha Boma

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo wa ana amakono sanatuluke kamodzi. Maziko awo anayambira kumakhoti a ana a zaka za zana la 20, pamene mabungwe oyambirira otetezera ana anapangidwa poona kukula kwa kuchitiridwa nkhanza ndi kunyalanyazidwa. Mabungwe apadera 1909 White House Conference on Children ana anakhazikitsa bwalo la boma la kakhalidwe ka ana, lotsogolera ku kulengedwa kwa bungwe la Children’s Bureaument mu 1912. Pazaka zotsatirazi, amakhazikitsa njira zotetezera ana zolinganizidwa pang'onopang'ono, koma linali njira ya Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) mu 1974 imene inalamula boma lililonse kukhala ndi njira yochitira ndi kuyankha malipotidwe a ana ochitiridwa nkhanza. CAPTA inafunanso kuti akha akha akhazikitse njira zotetezera ndi kunyalanyaza malamulo.

Ma 1980 ndi 1990 adawona masinthidwe aakulu, kuphatikizapo Chikalata cha Kulera Ana ndi Child Welfare Act ya 1980, chimene chinagogomezera “zoyesayesa zoyenerera” za kuletsa kuchotsedwa ndi kubwezeretsa mabanja, ndi Kulera ndi Kutetezeredwa kwa Mabanja (ASA) mu 1997, zimene zinayambitsa nthaŵi yopanga kutetezereka kwa ana ndi kusumika pa kuchepetsa kusungika kwa madipatimenti a boma, kufunikira kuti iwo alinganize chisungiko, kulinganiza, kulinganiza bwino, ndi ubwino wake. M’zaka za zana la 21 C. Kusumika maganizo ku kuletsa, kukonza kwa mabiziro, ndi kuchepetsa kusiyanitsa kwa mafuko m'dongosolo la ana. Lerolino, madipatimenti akupitiriza kulinganiza kuyang'anira, ndi kusintha kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kawo kathandiza kachitidwe ka ka ka kachitidwe ka ka ka ka kakhalidwe ka ka ka kakhalidwe ka ka kakhalidwe ka ka kakhalidwe ka ka ka kakhalidwe ka ka ka ka kakhalidwe kawo.

Makampani Oona za Malamulo ndi Mamembala a Boma

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo wa ana akugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta a boma, malamulo a boma, zigamulo za khoti, ndi malamulo a bungwe. Pamlingo wa boma, CAPTA amapereka mafotokozedwe a kuchitiridwa nkhanza kwa ana ndi kunyalanyazidwa ndipo amafuna kuti maboma akhale ndi njira yoperekera lipoti. The Thit IV-E yopereka chisamaliro ndi maprogramu a kulera ana, mbali ya Social Security Act, imachirikiza mautumiki a zaufulu a ana ndi kuika zofunika pa kulinganiza kwa ana, kupenda, ndi kusungitsa ana. The Indian ChildWelture Act (ICA) imakhazikitsa malamulo apadera a ana a ku Indard America. Kuwonjezerapo, Fostering Confitions to Survement and Ad Regations Act imaphatikizapo makonzedwe a za kusamalira zachuma, zamaphunziro, ndi zaumoyo.

Boma lililonse lilinso ndi malamulo ake otetezera ana amene amalongosola zimene zimachititsa nkhanza, kunyalanyaza, kapena kudalirana, ndipo amene amalamulidwa kupereka ziwopsezo. Atolankhani otchuka "ofanana ndi aphunzitsi, madokotala, ndi akuluakulu a lamulo . Ndi lamulo lofunikira kusimba kukayikira kulikonse kwa kuchitiridwa nkhanza kwa ana kwa boma kwaulere, kapena mautumiki otetezera ana. Madipatimenti a boma amalamulidwa mwalamulo kutetezera ana onse, kupenda, ndi kuyankha malipoti ameneŵa mkati mwa nthaŵi yotchulidwa, kaŵirikaŵiri pakati pa 24 ndi 72 pa maola a kudalira pa kulemera. Malamulo alamulo amalamuliranso kuchotsedwa kwa ana m'nyumba zawo, kumene kumafuna lamulo kapena kuikidwa kwamwaŵiro wamwaŵiro wodalira pa ngozi. Malamulo ameneŵa amalinganizidwira kutetezera ana ndi ufulu wa makolo, kutsimikizira kuti ayang’anira ndi kuyang’anira.

Ntchito ya m’Dipatimenti ya Boma ya Chitukuko cha Ana

Kumvetsa bwino mbali iliyonse ya ntchito yathu kumasonyeza kuti ntchitoyi ndi yovuta komanso yocholowana.

Mautumiki Oteteza Ana (CPS) ndi Kufufuza

Ntchito yowoneka kwambiri ya dipatimenti ya zaumoyo wa ana iri kufufuza malipoti a kuchitiridwa nkhanza ndi kunyalanyazidwa. Pamene lipoti lakulandira, wogwira ntchito yophunzitsidwa CPS ayenera kupenda chisungiko cha mwamsanga cha mwana, kugamula ngati kuchitidwa nkhanza kunachitika, ndi kusankha kuti ndizo ziti zimene zikufunika. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kufunsa mwana, makolo, ndi ziŵalo zina za m’banja, limodzinso ndi kukambirana ndi kuyang'anira ana, monga aphunzitsi ndi madokotala. Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso chokwanira kuti atsimikizire m'nthaŵi yokhwima yolimba kwambiri [1] , malinga ndi malamulo. Ngati lipotilo lingakhale lodziŵikanso (lo l'adiadiadi"), dipatimentiyo ingapereke mautumiki odzifunira, kutsegula nkhani yoyang’anira, kapena kupempha mlandu wochita kuloŵerera.

Kufufuza sikumangofuna kudziŵa choonadi; kumafunanso kupenda ngozi ya mtsogolo. Antchito amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopanga zosankha zolinganizidwa ndi njira zoonera zinthu kuti atsogolere kuweruza kwawo. M'mayiko ambiri, ntchito ya CPS imasiyana ndi yopitiriza kuyang'anira, yokhala ndi mabungwe apadera ogwiritsira ntchito, kufufuza, ndi kupenda. [[FLT: 0] [NTLLL Information Gateway] ndi malangizo omveka bwino pa njira yoyankhizira, kugogomezera kufunika kwa chitetezo cha mwamsanga ndi kugwirizana ndi mabanja. Ngakhale kuti pali njira zabwino, kufufuza kungakhale kotsutsana, ndi antchito angayang'anene ndi mbali zambiri, kuphatikizapo kufunika kwa kutetezera ana pamene akulemekeza banja.

Kusamalira Nyama ndi Chisamaliro cha Kinship

Pamene ana sangathe kukhala m'nyumba zawo, madipatimenti a boma ali ndi thayo la kuwaika m'malo osungirako ana. Chisamaliro cha Fester chimaphatikizapo kuika mwana wokhala ndi banja lolera lokhala ndi laibulale, wachibale kapena wachibale, nyumba, kapena malo operekera chithandizo. Cholinga ndicho kupereka malo abwino, okhazikika pamene dipatimenti ikugwira ntchito kulinga ku ku kugwirizanitsa banja lakubala kapena makonzedwe ena achikhalire. Pafupifupi 2022, ana 3900,000 anali m'chisamaliro ku United States, ndi pafupifupi 43% okhala ndi mabanja olera osagwirizana, 32% ndi achibale (chisamaliro chachigwirizano), ndi otsala m'masamaliro kapena malo ena.

Madipatimenti a boma ayenera kusonkhanitsa, kutumiza, ndi laisensi makolo olera, makompyuta, ndi kutsimikizira kuti ana alandire mautumiki a zamankhwala oyenera, maphunziro, ndi a zamaganizo. Malamulo a Federal amafuna kuti kulinganiza ndi kupenda kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kuchitidwe kutsimikizire kupita patsogolo kwa ku kukhazikika. Kugwirizanitsa kwa Ana ndi mabanja (ACF]) (ACF) yoyang'anira ndalama zothandizira, zimene zimapereka ndalama zothandizira kusamalira ndi ndalama zoyendetsera. Maboma a Kinshishishishi apeza chisamaliro chomawonjezereka chifukwa chakuti amasunga kugwirizana kwa ana ndi banja ndi chikhalidwe, kaŵirikaŵiri kutsogolera ku zotulukapo zabwino. Komabe, osamalira ena angayang'anizana ndi mavuto achuma ndi kusoŵa kochitidwa mwachangu kusiya kuwathandiza. Tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito njira za banja lachinduna ndi kupeza njira zodziŵira.

Ntchito Yolera Ana

Ngati sikutheka kugwirizanitsanso zinthu. Nthaŵi zambiri chifukwa cha kutayikiridwa kwa ufulu wa makolo, kapena chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa ana. Madipatimenti a boma amafuna kuti ana azikhala ndi makolo olera. Kulera ana a makolo olera kumayendetsedwa ndi malamulo a boma ndi boma, ndi cholinga chofuna kukwaniritsa mwamsanga. ASFA amalamula kuti alembe chikalata chopempha kuchotsa ufulu wa makolo (TPR) ngati mwana wakhala akusamalira ana kwa miyezi 15 mwa miyezi 22, pokhapokha ngati atsatira malamulo ena. Pambuyo pake TPR, dipatimenti imagwira ntchito yogwirizana ndi banja lovomerezedwa ndi kulera ana, zimene zingakhale zochirikiza banja, wachibale, kapena banja lolera lopeza.

Madipatimenti a boma amayang'anira njira ya maphunziro a panyumba olera, kupereka chithandizo cha ana olera (kaŵirikaŵiri kupyolera mwa Thet IV-E), ndi kupereka mautumiki a pambuyo popereka chithandizo chochirikiza mabanja. Ana ambiri otengedwa ku chisamaliro cha olera ali ndi zosoŵa zapadera, kuphatikizapo okalamba, magulu a abale, kapena mavuto a malingaliro, choncho ndalama zothandiza kuthandiza mabanja kukwaniritsa zosoŵazo. Kulera ana kumachitidwa mopambanitsa ndi boma, ndipo maboma ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima ya chithandizo cha kulera ana. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, asumikanso maganizo pa kuchepetsa malire a kulera ana a LBTQ ndi mabanja a anthu achikulire omwe ali osakwatira, pamene akutsimikizira kuti mabanja onse ali otetezedwa kwambiri. [FLD:]

Chithandizo cha Banja ndi Mautumiki Ochiteteza

Ntchito yofunika koma yosawoneka kwambiri ya madipatimenti a zaumoyo wa ana ndi makonzedwe a banja ndi mautumiki otetezera oletsa kusungidwa. Mautumiki ameneŵa amayambira pa kuloŵerera kwa nthaŵi ya mavuto ndi kuyang'anira milandu yaitali ndipo amaphatikizapo maphunziro aukholo, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa mankhwala, kupereka uphungu wa zaumoyo, ziwawa zapanyumba, ndi chithandizo cha ndalama pa zosoŵa zazikulu. M'mayiko ambiri, mautumiki ameneŵa amaperekedwa mwa kuyang'a ntchito za boma zothandizira anthu otengedwa ndi dipatimenti ya boma. Chiphunzitso cha “kuyankha kwanthaŵi yaitali" kapena“ kuyankha kosavuta kwa " kwavomerezedwa ndi maboma ambiri, kulola milandu yocheperapo kuti alandire mautumiki popanda kufufuza koyenera, kuchitapo kanthu kena, mwaufulu ndi kuchepetsa dongosolo la CPS.

Maprogramu ochezera panyumba, monga Healthy Families America ndi Nourth-fanneship, alinso ogwirizana ndi ubwino wa ana. Madipatimenti a boma angapereke kapena kugwirizana ndi maprogramu ameneŵa kuthandiza mabanja a risk lipoti la kuchitiridwa nkhanza lisanachitike. Kufufuza kwasonyeza kuti mautumiki osungidwa bwino a banja angachepetse kuchotsedwa ndi kuwongolera chisungiko cha ana pamene asamalira zochititsa zazikulu za kuzunzidwa, zonga umphaŵi, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa kwa makolo, ndi kusoŵa kwa thandizo la anthu. Komabe, kupambana kwa maprogramu ameneŵa kumadalira pa ndalama zokwanira ndi kutsimikizira umboni wodalirika. [FLT:] [FLT:] A CRIC] AKS . [FLTIC] AK]

Kufufuza Kochitidwa Mwatsatanetsatane

Ngati lipoti la kuchitiridwa nkhanza kwa ana laperekedwa ku boma, dipatimenti iyenera choyamba kugamulapo ngati lipotilo likuyang'anizana ndi mafotokozedwe alamulo a nkhanza kapena kunyalanyaza ndi kaya likhale logwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa bungwelo. Ngati lipotilo livomerezedwa, limapatsidwa mlingo woyamba: (ngozi yamphamvu yofunikira pa maola 24), yokwera (mu masiku 72), kapena yoyenerera (mu 5-10). Wantchito wogaŵiridwayo amafufuza, zimene zikuphatikizapo:

  • Kufufuza chinsinsi cha chitetezo chakuthupi: [[FT:1] kusanthula ngati mwanayo ali pangozi ya mwamsanga ndi ngati pali machitidwe alionse otetezera (m., kuchotsa, kulinganiza chitetezo) nkofunika.
  • Kufunsa banja ndi ulendo wapanyumba: [[FL:1] Kulankhula ndi osamala, kuyang’anira malo a panyumba, ndi kupenda zofunika zazikulu zonga chakudya, pogona, ndi uyang’aniro.
  • Kufunsa mwana: Kufunsa mwanayo kwapambali, koyenerera msinkhu, kaŵirikaŵiri m'malo auchete onga ngati malo a ana ogonana ndi ena a milandu ya kugonana.
  • Zolankhulana ndi: Kulankhula ndi atolankhani, achibale, anansi, kapena akatswiri ena amene ali ndi chidziŵitso choyenerera.
  • Kupima kwa maganizo: [[FL:1] Ngati zivulazo kapena kupsinjika maganizo zikukayikiridwa, kulinganiza mayeso apadera.
  • [1] [1] Kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chopimira ngozi poyerekezera ngati angachitire nkhanza m’tsogolo.
  • Kutsimikizira: kumaliza kaya lipotilo “likutsimikiziridwa” (lochirikizidwa ndi umboni wodalirika) kapena“ losakhazikitsidwa.

Maboma ambiri amatsogoleranso “kufufuza kwa banja” kapena“ kuyankha kosiyanasiyana kwa antchito kwa nkhani zotsika, kumene cholinga chake n’chokhudza kulowa m’mautumiki m’malo mwa kufufuza kwachikhalidwe. Njira imeneyi yagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukumana kwamphamvu kwa banja ndi kubwereranso kwa kuchitiridwa nkhanza m'madera ena. Ngakhale kuli kwakuti pali njira ina, wantchito ayenera kulemba zonse pa mlandu, zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m’khoti. Kufufuzako ndiko mbali yovutitsa kwambiri kwa mabanja, ndipo antchito amaphunzitsidwa kukhala ozindikira ndi odziŵa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu. Komabe zoona nzakuti antchito ambiri amanyamula milandu yapamwamba yoposa nkhani 12-15 pa munthu aliyense, zimene zingawachititse kupsa ndi kupsa ndi kubwerera m’tsogolo, zimene zingasokoneze kufufuzako. [FF:] pa yunivesite ya Chican: [FF]

Kugwirizana ndi Malamulo ndi Mabungwe a M’chitaganya

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo wa ana a boma sangakwaniritse ntchito yawo okha. Kuzunza ana kaŵirikaŵiri kuli upandu, ndipo mabungwe osungitsa malamulo ali ofunika kupenda nkhani za kuchitiridwa nkhanza yakuthupi, kuchitiridwa nkhanza, ndi kunyalanyazidwa zimene zimatulukapo kuvulaza. Maboma ambiri ali ndi malamulo ogwirizana a pamene CPS ndi apolisi ayankha pamodzi, makamaka m'nkhani zovulaza kwambiri kapena khalidwe laupandu. Magulu ambiri olanga ana (MDTS) omwe amaphatikizapo CPS, malamulo, ozenga ozenga milandu, akatswiri a zaumoyo, ndi ochirikiza mikhole ali oyenerera m'madera ambiri. Magulu ameneŵa amakumana nthaŵi zonse kuti ayesetse kufufuza, kugaŵana chidziŵitso, ndi kutsimikizira kuti achepetseko kupweteka kwa ana.

Masukulu ali mayanjano ena ovuta. Chifukwa chakuti aphunzitsi ndi antchito asukulu amachita ndi ana tsiku ndi tsiku, iwo ali oyamba kuzindikira zizindikiro za kuchitiridwa nkhanza kapena kunyalanyazidwa. Maboma ambiri a sukulu ali ndi malamulo ochitira lipoti ku boma ndi kugwirizanika ndi CPS pamene mwana ali pangozi. Madipatimenti a boma amagwiranso ntchito ndi njira zaumoyo zodziŵira ana obadwa ndi zinthu (zonga kugwiritsira ntchito opiyoid), zimene zimafunidwa mwamsanga. Mabungwe a boma achiwawa (kuphatikizapo malo ochitira chiwawa a m'nyumba, malo ochitirapo zachiwawa, mabanki a chakudya, ndi maprogramumboni a nyumba zimene zimathandiza mabanja. Nthaŵi zambiri madipatimenti ameneŵa amathandizira kuti apereke ntchito zawo zachindunji, luso lawo ndi kugwirizana kwawo. Mabungwe ogwirizana a ntchito zaufulu a SACC, kapena njira zothandizira chidziŵitso cha ana, ndi mapulogalamu a SACIS, makamaka pamene zikukhala ndi ziganizo zachilendo. Komabe, pamene zikukhala ndi zikalata zothandiza kwambiri. [Fognel.]

Mavuto Oyang’anizana ndi Madipatimenti a Boma Oona za Chitukuko cha Ana

Ngakhale kuti pali mbali yaikulu, madipatimenti a zaumoyo wa ana amayang’anizana ndi mavuto osatha ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri othetsa nzeru.

Kulephera Kupeza Zosowa za Ndalama ndi Zinthu Zofunika

Ubwino wa ana umachepetsedwa nthaŵi zonse. Kuthandiza ana kumachitidwa makamaka kudzera pa Thetter IV-E, imene ili ufulu wosamalira ana olera ana ndi kuthandiza ana ena koma siikwaniritsa ntchito zonse. Maboma ayenera kukwaniritsa zotsalazo, ndipo panthaŵi ya mavuto a zachuma, bajeti za kutetezera ndi kuchirikiza banja zimadulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri. Zimenezi zimatsogolera ku kuchuluka kwa antchito onyamula katundu, maphunziro osakwanira, ndi mautumiki opereŵera a mabanja. Maboma ambiri ayang'anizana ndi mlandu wa kulephera kwa kakhalidwe ka ana awo, kozikidwa pa zopimira. [[FLT: 0]] Mabungwe a Revens nthaŵi zonse]

Kuchuluka kwa Matenda ndi Kusintha kwa Makampani

Antchito a katemera kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi maupandu 20-30 kapena kuposapo, kuposa muyezo wovomerezedwa wa 12-15. Malonda aakulu amachepetsa nthaŵi imene antchito angawononge ndi mabanja, kulepheretsa kupanga zosankha, ndi kuwonjezera kupsinjika maganizo. Kusintha kwa antchito a CPS kungafike 30% chaka chilichonse m'mayiko ena, kuchititsa kusoŵa kwa ukatswiri ndi kusakhazikika kwa mabanja. Maboma ayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo, kukhululukira, ndi kuwongolera kuyang'anira, koma vutolo likupitirizabe.

Kusiyana Mafuko ndi Mafuko

Chikalata chosonyeza kuti ana a Black ndi Eni America amaperekedwa mopambanitsa m'madongosolo a zaumoyo wa ana. Iwo ali othekera kwambiri kuchitiridwa lipoti, kufufuzidwa, ndi kuchotsedwa m’nyumba zawo, ndipo samakhala othekera kulandira mautumiki amene amatetezera mabanja awo. Makhalidwe amenewa amasonyeza kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa anthu, kuphatikizapo umphaŵi, ufuko, ndi tsankho posimba ndi kupanga zosankha. Maboma ali pansi pa chitsenderezo chowonjezereka cha kuchepetsa maluso, monga kuphunzitsidwa kwatsankhu, kuyanjana kwa anthu, ndi mautumiki ovomereza mwambo.

Zosoŵa za Banja Zocholoŵana

Mabanja ambiri ophatikizidwa m'kulimbana ndi ubwino wa ana, nkhani zomakula: zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, matenda a maganizo, chiwawa cha mnzawo wapathengo, kusakhazikika kwa nyumba, ndi umphaŵi wopambanitsa. Mavuto ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amafunikira nthaŵi yaitali, mautumiki ogwirizana amene moyo wa ana wokha sungathe kuperekedwa. Mliri wa opioid wawonjezera kwambiri chiŵerengero cha ana amene akuloŵa m’kusamalira ana chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito kwa makolo, kutsendereza madongosolo amene anali kale olemetsa. Kulimbana ndi thanzi ndi madongosolo a kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kabwino nkovuta koma kaŵirikaŵiri kumasokonezedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kupeza ndi kuchirikiza ndi kuchirikiza ziŵiro.

Kufufuza Kwapoyera ndi Kwalamulo

Mwana akamwalira kapena kuvulala kwambiri pamene akuyang'aniridwa ndi dipatimenti ya zaumoyo wa ana ya boma, bungwelo limayang'anitsitsa kwambiri anthu ndi milandu. Kufalitsa nkhani kungasonkhezere njira ndi njira zochitira zinthu, nthaŵi zina kuchititsa kuwongolera (m’chitsanzo, kuchotsa) kapena kutetezera kwambiri. Kulinganiza kufunika kwa kutetezera ana pamene akulemekeza ufulu wa banja kuli kusagwirizana. Madipatimenti a boma ayenera kuyang'anira bwino pamene akusumika maganizo pa zochita zozikidwa pa umboni.

Ntchito ya Sukulu ndi Anthu Pochirikiza Chitukuko cha Ana

Masukulu ali ndi malo apadera oyenera kukhala ogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi ana. Aphunzitsi, alangizi, ndi oyang'anira amacheza ndi ana kwa maola ambiri tsiku lililonse ndipo angaone kusintha kwa khalidwe, maonekedwe athupi, kapena mkhalidwe wamaganizo kumene kungasonyeze kuchitiridwa nkhanza. Malamulo operekedwa a sukulu amafuna kuti antchito apereke ziwopsezo za kuchitiridwa nkhanza kapena kunyalanyazidwa, ndipo maboma ambiri amalangiza mmene angadziŵire zizindikiro za kuvulala kopanda tanthauzo, ukhondo, kutaya mtima kopambanitsa, kapena kusintha kwa mwadzidzidzi m'ntchito ya kusukulu. Pambuyo pake, sukulu zingapereke malo otetezereka ana m'zinesi yothandizira. Malamulo a Federal tsopano amafunikira masukulu kupereka chisamaliro chochirikiza chisamaliro ndi kutsimikizira kuti ana akhalabe m’masukulu awo oleredwa popanda phindu lawo labwino. Mabungwe a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito ndi kuyendetsa ntchito yoyendera ntchito yoyendera ana.

Mabungwe a m'deralo amachitanso mbali yofunika kwambiri. Magulu odalira chikhulupiriro, magulu a achinyamata, magulu a masewera, ndi mabungwe apafupi angatumikire monga zinthu zotetezera ana mwa kupereka uyang'aniro, uphunzitsi, ndi kusamala anthu. Maprogramu ophunzitsa anthu za kuchitiridwa nkhanza, kulimbikitsa kulera ana, ndi kuchepetsa kudzipatula kwa anthu kuchepetsa kufunika kwa kuloŵerera kwa boma. Madipatimenti ambiri a boma tsopano akugwira ntchito yoletsa ana, kuchirikiza maprogramu a maphunziro a makolo ndi malo opezeramo chuma cha banja. Kupambana kwa ntchito zimenezi kumadalira pa kugwirizana kwamphamvu pakati pa dipatimenti ya boma ndi anthu akwawo. Monga momwe National Child Abuthocreat Dectic Network [FLD]

Luso la Zaluso ndi Kusintha kwa Ana

Madipatimenti a boma akugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zoyendetsera nkhani. Maboma ambiri agwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zoyendetsera nkhani, zotchedwa Comprehensive Child Welfare Information Systems (CWIS), kulowa mmalo mwa madongosolo akale a SACWIS. Madongosolo ameneŵa amalola kulondola bwino zinthu, machenjezo oyendera, ndi kugawana bwino kwambiri ndi mabungwe. Luntha lamakono ndi kuneneratu za matenda akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ena pofuna kudziŵikitsa mabanja okhala pangozi ya kuwonongeka ndi kuyang'anizana ndi zochitika zazikulu. Komabe, zida zimenezi zimakulitsa nkhaŵa za makhalidwe abwino ponena za kukondera ndi zachinsinsi, ndipo mayiko ayenera kupitirizabe. Telea yawonjezera njira zaumoyo wa ana posamalira ndi kumadera akumidzisamalira, makamaka m'madera akumidzikulu. Madongosolo a za ntchito a zapamwamba a zaumoyo ndi othandiza kuyang'anira ntchito zamakono, monga kuyang'ana, ndi kusagwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Koma osagwiritsa ntchito bwino za luso la zasayansi.

Kupima Zotulukapo ndi Kuŵerengera Mlandu

Madipatimenti a zachitetezo za ana apatsidwanso mlandu pa njira zosiyanasiyana. Boma la boma likuchititsa Child and Family Service Review (CFSR) zaka zingapo zilizonse kuti lione mmene boma lililonse likuchitira pa kutetezeka, kulolera, ndi kupindula. Maboma ayeneranso kugwirizana ndi zofuna za Retation ndi Foster Carelyly System ndi Revision System (AFCARS) ndi National Child Abuse and Leagnect Sy Sy (NCANDS), zimene zimapereka chidziŵitso cha dzikolo. Kuwonjezera apo, mayiko ambiri ali ndi mabungwe oyang'anira, monga kupenda kwa ana, mabungwe a imfa, ndi makomiti a malamulo, kuti ayang'anize ndi kuvomereza kuwongolera. Oweruza a mlanduwonso asinthasintha zinthu m'maiko osiyanasiyana, kusintha kwa ntchito, ndi kuyang'anira. Kuwonjezera kuyendetsa ntchito ya ana, kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kuchirikiza kuyendetsa ntchito ya ana, ndi kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kuwonjezera, ngakhale kuvomereza kuti, kuti, kuwonjezerabe, kuwonjezera, kuchirikiza bwino kwa ana, kuwonjezera kuwonjezera, ku

Zitsogozo Zamtsogolo m’Boma la Chitukuko cha Ana

Gawo la ubwino wa ana likusintha. Pali kuzindikira kowonjezereka kuti njira yamwambo ya kutsogolo ("kusintha, kuthamanga kwa tsoka, ndi adversarial(ndi yosakwanira ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri yovulaza. Njira zamtsogolo zimaphatikizapo:

  • Madongosolo opimira: Kusintha chuma ku tsidya lina la madzi kuti athandize mabanja asanayambe kuchitiridwa nkhanza, mwa kuchezera nyumba, kuchirikiza chuma, ndi mautumiki a m'chitaganya.
  • Kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa mafuko: Kugwiritsira ntchito njira zonga kuchotsa kwakhungu, kuphunzitsa kwa tsankho, ndi njira zina za chitaganya mmalo mwa ubwino wamwambo wa ana zimene zimasungitsa ana popanda kuwachotsa.
  • Kachitidwe ka Kin-woyamba ndi banja pakati: Kutsogolera kulowa m'malo ndi achibale, kuchirikiza achibale, ndi kuphatikiza makampani a banja kupanga zosankha.
  • Trauma-ingidwa, chisamaliro chapakati chochiritsa: Kutsimikizira kuti kuyanjana kulikonse ndi ana ndi mabanja amakhudzidwa ndi kusokonezeka maganizo ndipo amachirikiza kulimba mtima ndi kuchira.
  • Kupanga ndalama za ntchito: Kuwongolera malipiro, miyezo ya kunyamula katundu, kuyang'anira, ndi kuchirikiza kwa antchito othandiza ana kuchepetsa kukwera ndi kuwongolera zotulukapo.
  • Kugwirizanitsa: Kugwirizanitsa chidziŵitso cha ubwino wa mwana ndi maphunziro, thanzi, ndi chidziŵitso cha paubwana kuti zimvetsetse ndi kutumikira ana bwino.

Malamulo monga Family First Prevention Services Act (aikidwe m'lamulo mu 2018) amaimira kusintha kwa njira yotetezera ana mwa kulola maboma kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma kaamba ka mautumiki ochirikiza umboni amene amasunga ana ndi mabanja awo. Kutsatira kudakali kupitirizabe, ndipo maboma akuyesayesa kukulitsa njira zawo zotetezera. Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kukhazikitsa dongosolo lotetezera ana limene silili khoka langozi koma njira yochirikizira kwambiri imene imathandiza mabanja onse kupambana.

Kumaliza

Madipatimenti a boma a kakhalidwe ka ana ndi chitetezo ndizo mabungwe ofunika kwambiri amene ali ndi udindo waukulu woteteza anthu ovutika kwambiri. Ntchito yawo imayamba ndi vuto la kufufuza nkhanza mpaka cholinga chawo cha nthaŵi yaitali chotsimikizira kuti mwana aliyense ali ndi nyumba yotetezeka, yokhalitsa. Pamene kuli kwakuti amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu , kusoŵa kwa ntchito, kusoŵa kwa banja, kusoŵa kwa ntchito, ndi kuyang'aniridwa kwapoyera kwa anthu. Mwakusintha mgwirizano wa anthu, machitidwe, ndi kukonzanso zinthu. Kumvetsa bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito yawo kumathandiza akatswiri, opanga malamulo, ndi nzika za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku kuchirikiza mabungwe ameneŵa. Kuteteza ana sikuli udindo wa boma. Kudzipereka ndi ntchito yothandiza kuti adzitetezere bwino. Koma kupitirizabe ndi kuyendetsa ntchitoyimbira kwa boma.