Chisankho chachikulu mu United States si njira imodzi yokha yopezera zinthu zonse. M’malo mwake, ndi ntchito yotsatizana ya malamulo a boma ndi mafomu amene amasankha mmene zipani zandale zimasankhira osankhidwa pa chisankho. Kovotenti, kuzindikira kusiyana kumeneku nkofunika kuti agwiritsire ntchito bwino ufulu wawo. Kwa aphunzitsi ndi ofufuza zandale, kusiyanasiyana kwa mafashoni aakulu kumapereka malo otchuka a maphunziro a mmene madongosolo osandutsa zinthu amachitira mbali, chisonkhezero cha gulu, ndipo pomalizira pake, kuimira. Nkhaniyi imapereka mapulogalamu apamwamba a masankho, kuyang'anira ma a makampani, masinthidwe, ndi kujambula mapulogalamu a dongosolo lililonse.

Kubwereza Zolinganiza Zoyambirira za Kusankha

Masankho aakulu amatumikira monga njira yosankha mwa mkati ya zipani za ndale zadziko kusankha ma nominees awo. Pamene kuli kwakuti lingalirolo nlomveka, kuphako kumasiyanasiyana. Magulu atatu aakulu ndi ma Primerince , [[FLT:]] yotsegulira yoyambirira], [[FLT] yotsegulira maluwa], ndi [[FLT:] ndi] yotsekera kapena yotsegulira pang'ono]. M’magawo ameneŵa, amanena kuti angaperekenso kusintha kwapadera monga mabotolo, pamwamba-ŵiri, kapena malo otsegulira m'mapepala. Chisonkhetso chapaderacho, chikhoza kutembenuza, ndi kutsutsa, ndi kugawa kwa kagulu kofala kwa chikalata. Chikalata chaposachedwapa cha ku . [Frametics]

Malo Otsekeredwa

Mu yotsekedwa kwambiri , osankha okha amene ali ziŵalo zolembetsedwa za chipani cha ndale zadziko angavote m'chosankha chachikulu cha chipani chimenecho. Dongosolo limeneli lalinganizidwira kutsimikizira kuti oyembekezera amasankhidwa ndi odzipereka a zipani zokhulupirika, kuletsa ziŵalo za magulu otsutsa kusonkhezera kusokonezeka kwa mawu. Ochirikiza amanena kuti ma Primetics amatetezera umphumphu ndi kulimbikitsa kutengamo mbali kwatanthauzo kwa ziŵalo zoikiridwa. Osuliza amatsutsa kuti iwo amatsutsa votisankhi ndi odzipereka kwambiri, popeza kuti wosankhidwa wamkuluyo amakopedwa kwambiri.

Maboma okhala ndi mabanki otsekeredwa

Maboma otsatiraŵa amatsekera mbali zazikulu za chipembedzo chimodzi (mikhalidwe ina imalola mbali zina kusankha malamulo awo):

  • Alabama – Voters ziyenera kulengeza kuti gulu la chipembedzo lilembetsa kuti likhale ndi phande m'chipani chachikulu.
  • [[NT.0] DARAWER – Masewero a matriprime kwa mbali zazikulu zonse ziŵiri; palibe kuvota kololedwa.
  • Florida [1] – Imodzi ya magawo aakulu otsekedwa; mamembala a chipani cholembetsedwa okha ndiwo angavote m'choyambirira cha gulu lawo.
  • Kenticky – Vald primries; boma limalolanso osankha osagwirizana kusintha kulembetsa kufikira pamapeto kuti akhale ndi phande.
  • Louisiana [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] Pamene kuli kwakuti Louisiana akugwiritsira ntchito “chinthu chachikulu” ku maofesi a boma ndi a kumaloko (onse oyembekezera pa pepala limodzi, pamwamba pa ziŵiri), mapringitala a pulezidenti amatsekedwa ngati mapwando asankha kalembedwe kameneko.
  • Mississippi [1] - Voters ziyenera kusankha chipani polembetsa; kokha maziko a chipani chimenecho ndiwo amafikirika.
  • New Hampshire [1] New Hampshire [1] ... ... ... "Oyamba m'dziko"; boma limalola osalengeza ovota kusankha chipani pa tsiku la chisankho, kupanga kachitidwe kake kukhala kofikirika. Komabe, mamembala a chipani cholembetsedwa ayenera kumamatira ku chipani chawo.
  • [[FLT :0] North Carolina [1] – Boma limalola ovota a pa pa pa pakiti kusankha chisankho, koma mamembala a chipani cholembetsa angangovotera m'chigawo chawo chachikulu. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti chikhale chotsekedwa kamodzi.
  • Oklama – Pakati pa zoletsa zazikulu; masure otsekedwa kwa zigawo zonse ziŵiri zazikulu, ndi Libetarian Party imagwiritsiranso ntchito njira yotsekereza.
  • Kummwera kwa Carolina [1] – Kutsegulira ma Primries (Mafuko angasankhe pepala losankhira), koma mapwando angasankhe kuwatseka.
  • [[FLT: 0] Famiese [[FLT :1] – Otsekeredwa kaamba ka pulezidenti primial; maprim a boma amatsegula kamodzi (osankha chisankho).
  • Utah [FLT :1] - chipani cha Republican chigwiritsira ntchito mfundo yaikulu yotsekedwa, pamene kuli kwakuti Democrat amalola ovota osasankha kutengamo mbali.

Kusintha ngakhale mkati mwa “otsekedwa” akunena kuti kumasonyeza kusiyanitsa kwa malamulo aakulu. Mwachitsanzo, New Hampshire imalola osasankhidwa kukhala ndi phande, kupangitsa icho kukhala chotsekedwa kaŵiri mosasamala kanthu za kutsekedwa. Oimba ayenera kupenda malamulo a boma awo otsimikizirika m'dongosolo la masankho, monga momwe malamulo a zipani angasinthire.

Kutsegulira Malo Otseguka

Otsegulira magawo amalola wovota aliyense wovomerezeka kugawana m'chisankho chachikulu cha chipani chilichonse cha ndale zadziko, popanda kufuna kuti wovotayo akhale chiŵalo cha chipani chimenecho. Olandira pepala lokhala ndi ofunsira onse ndipo ayenera kusankha mpikisano wa chipani chimodzi kuti chivote (chosankha nchachinsinsi). Dongosolo limeneli limalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwambiri ndi kulola ovota odziimira okha kukhala ndi liwu m’kasupe m’ka m'gululo. Komabe, otsutsa akuchenjeza kuti chingathe kutheketsa “rai" – njira kumene osankha kuphana kuti avomere mpikisano wochepa m'gulu lotsutsana. Mwachitsanzo, mu 202010n Democracracratic, munali nkhaŵa yokhudza za ku Democratic Republics Republicss ku Democratic.

Malo Okhala ndi Malo Otseguka

Maboma otsatiraŵa amagwira ntchito yotsegulira zigamulo za boma ndi zisankho za boma (maboma oyambirira angakhale ndi malamulo osiyana):

  • Alaska[[FLT ] – Igwiritsira ntchito njira yaikulu yapamwamba-chinayi (imene i''kayikitsa) kuyambira mu 2022, koma kalelo inali yotseguka pang'ono. Kwa mapulanitala, mapwando amagwiritsirabe ntchito malamulo awoawo.
  • California [FLT :1] – Operate ndi njira yaikulu yapamwamba - iŵiri kumene oyembekezera onse amawonekera pa chipani chimodzi, mosasamala kanthu za chipani. Ofufuza angavotere aliyense; opanga mavoti aŵiri otchuka ku chisankho, mosasamala kanthu za kugwirizana kwa gulu.
  • Colado [1] [1] -Otsegulira chisankho cha boma ndi cha kumaloko; ovota amasankha chisankho cha pa kagulu pa mavoti. Primential primmary imatsekedwa kamodzi (osankha osankhidwawo angatengemo mbali).
  • Illinois – Voters amasankha maphwando otseguka; palibe chilengezo cha ziŵalo za chipani chofunikira.
  • Indiana [1] -Open : "Opy] ; ovota ayenera kusankha chisankho cha pakiti koma safunikira kulembetsa ndi chipani chimenecho.
  • Iowa – Otsegulira mawu oyambirira; ovota amalengeza chipani pa caucus kapena poyambirira (kwa pulezidenti, dongosolo la caucus limagwira ntchito).
  • Maryland [1] – Boma liri ndi lotsekedwa kwenikweni kaamba ka ovota a chipani olembetsedwa, koma ovota osavala angasankhe chisankho cha pa kagulu patsiku la chisankho, kupangitsa icho kutseguka bwino lomwe kwa iwo. Komabe, mamembala a chipani cholembetsedwa sakhoza kudutsa.
  • Massachusetts – Itumikira monga dongosolo lotseguka pang'ono: ovota osavala angavote m'chigawo chachikulu chilichonse, koma mamembala a chipani cholembetsa ayenera kuvota m'gulu lawo.
  • Michigan – Otsegulira yambirira; ovota amasankha chisankho cha pakiti popanda kulengeza kuti ali nawo.
  • Missouri [1] [1] -Open product; ovota amasankha chisankho cha pa pa pa pa pa pa kaseti.
  • New Jersey [1] – Valedi yaikulu ya ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa; osankha osasankha angasankhe chisankho patsiku la chisankho, kuchipangitsa icho kukhala cha kamodzi.
  • New Mexico [[FLT :1] – Semi-open: Osankha osavala angasankhe chisankho cha paphwando; mamembala a chipani cholembetsedwa sangasinthe.
  • North Dakota [1] -Palibe chisankho; pamalo ovota, ovota amafunsidwa kuti ndi chigawo chiti chimene akufuna kuvota, kuchitsegulira.
  • Ohio [1] [1] - Voters amasankha chipani chotchedwa bollat; palibe chikalata cholembedwa chimene chingafunike, ngakhale kuti ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa zimangosankha pa chipani chawo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chivomezi [1] – Chotsekedwa kwambiri kaamba ka chisankho cha pulezidenti (mabungwe okhazikitsa malamulo), koma mapringi a boma ngotseguka.
  • South Dakota [1] -Otsegulira kwakukulu kaamba ka chisankho cha boma ndi cha kumaloko; pulezidenti primrial amatsekedwa kamodzi.
  • Texts -Open ... . ovota amasankha chipani chachikulu kuti avote pa malo osankhira. Boma silimalembetsa ovota ndi chipani.
  • Virginia [1] – Vula mfundo yoyamba; palibe chipani cholembetsa chofunikira.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Madongosolo aŵiri aakulu ku California ndi Washington akhala nkhani za maphunziro ofunika kwambiri. Malinga ndi lipoti lochitidwa ndi Brennan Center ya Chilungamo , madongosolo ameneŵa awonjezera kusankha wovota komanso anadzutsa nkhaŵa za kuimira zipani zochepa ndi kuthekera kwa opita kukalowa pagulu limodzi kuyang'anizana ndi masankho onse.

Semi- Otseka ndi Semi Otsegula

Semi-cription imalola ovota kukhala ndi phande m'chiyambi cha gulu la ndale zadziko, pamene kuli kwakuti ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa zili zoikiziridwa ku mpikisano wawoyawo. Dongosolo limeneli limalinganiza kufunika kwa zoloŵetsedwa za maphwando ndi chikhumbo cha kuphatikiza mawu aumwini. [[FLT]] SM-openstrations n’zofanana, koma kusiyana kwakukulu nchakuti ovota safunikira kulengeza kugwirizana nawo pambali iliyonse.

Maboma ndi Semi - Orivers Otsekeredwa

  • Arizona [FL:1] – Osankha osakaniza angasankhe chipani chovomerezeka; ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa zingangosankha m'choyambirira cha chipani chawo.
  • Florida [1] -----, yotsekedwa kwa ziŵalo zolembetsedwa, koma magawo angalole ovota osavomerezedwa kukhala ndi phande; zipani za Republican ndi Democracy ku Florida zonse ziŵiri zasankha kusunga ma Primerive.
  • New Hampshire [FLT :1] – Unafifilfifine (“kusalengeza”) ovota angasankhe chipani chovomerezeka; ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa sizingasinthe magawo patsiku la chisankho.
  • New York – Otsekeredwa kwenikweni kwa ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa; osankha osasankha angasinthe kulembetsa kwa chipani chisanaperekedwe ndandanda ya nthaŵi ya kutengamo mbali.
  • [[FLT :0] Kummwera kwa Carolina [1] -Opy , (Osankha pepala) , koma boma silimalembetsa ovota ndi chipani, choncho palibe njira yokakamiza dongosolo lotsekedwa.

Maboma ndi Semi- Open Pribitors

  • Idaho – Voters zingasankhe chisankho cha pa pakiti pamalo oonera popanda kulengeza kuti ali nawo.
  • New Mexico – Osankha osasiyana angasankhe chipani chotchedwa bolot; mamembala a chipani olembetsedwa sangawoloke.
  • South Dakota [FLT] – ya starmiteries ya boma, ovota amasankha chisankho cha pa pa pa paphwando; kwa pulezidenti primpory, dongosololo limatsekedwa kamodzi.

Madongosolo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amasokoneza ovota, makamaka pamene maboma onga New Hampshire nthaŵi zina amaikidwa m'magulu ngati otsekedwa mosasamala kanthu za kusaloledwa kuvota. Onpartisan [[FLT: 0] Ballotia [1] [[FLT: 1] akupereka kusweka kwatsatanetsatane kwa mtundu waukulu wa boma lililonse, umene uli magwero abwino kwambiri kwa awo ofuna kumvekera bwino.

Kukhudza Kuloŵa M’gulu la Zopangapanga

Makonzedwe a chisankho chachikulu ali ndi ziyambukiro zokhoza kufalikira pa wovota ndi kutomera. Maphunziro a manyuzipepala a sayansi amasonyeza nthaŵi zonse kuti maprim atsegule kukafika kwapamwamba poyerekezera ndi maprime otsekedwa, makamaka pakati pa ovota adziimira. Mwachitsanzo, 2020 yosanthula ndi MIT] MIT Lab [1] Inapeza kuti ndi ma Primencess adakhala ndi avalirapo 5-7 peresenti yapamwamba m'mizere yapakati pa maprote. Komabe, ma Primetics otseka amapangitsa kuti pakhale osagwirizana kwambiri ndi gulu, zimene zingatsogolera ku masankhoti a chigawo chachigawo chachigawo.

Mfundo ina yofunika ndi maphunziro a ovota. M'maboma ongosankha, ovota ayenera kudziŵa nthaŵi zolembetsera ndi malamulo a gulu. Vuto limeneli lingakhudze kwambiri achinyamata ovota, ovota ang'onoang'ono, ndi anthu a mitundu yochepera. Mosiyana ndi maboma otseguka, amafeŵetsa njira yosankha, kulola kutengamo mbali pasadakhale. Komabe otsutsa amatsutsa kuti kutsegula malo ovomerezeka kumachepetsa phindu la anthu a pa pa pa chipani ndipo kungachititse kusankha kosadziŵika bwino, popeza kuti ovotawo sangakhale osankhidwa m'gulu limene amavotapo.

Kukwera kwa mapringiriti a shopu yopanda ma piratis (m’mzere, California Washington , Alaska) ndi chikhoterero chaposachedwapa chimene chikufuna kuwonjezera mpikisano ndi oyembekezera athanzi. Pansi pa madongosolo ameneŵa, oyembekezera kubatizidwa onse amagwiritsira ntchito pepala limodzi, ndi aŵiriwo (kapena anayi, ku Alaska) kupita patsogolo. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amachepetsa mphamvu ya kuyang'anira zipata ndi kulimbikitsa ofunsira kusanthula owonjezereka. Komabe, asulizidwanso chifukwa chotseka gawo lachitatu ndi opita ku chisankho cha onse.

Kusintha ndi Mikhalidwe Zaposachedwapa

Masinthidwe aakulu a masankho ndiwo mbali yokangalika ya ntchito ya lamulo m'dziko lonselo. Mu 2020, ovota a Alaska ovomerezedwa Ballot Mageti 2, amene analoŵa mmalo mwa zipani zamwambo ndi kuvota koyambirira ndi kotchuka kwachinayi m'chosankha chachikulu. Mofananamo, Nevada pulogalamu yosankha inapitirira 2022 kuti ikhale ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa chisanu, ngakhale kuti iyang'anizana ndi mavuto a lamulo. Mayiko ena, monga Missouri ndi South Dakota, alingalira zopita ku tchulira kuti asunge kuchokera ku mapulogalamu otsetsa, koma zoyesayesazo zinakhala zotsalira zaka zaposachedwapa.

Masinthidwe ameneŵa amasonyeza chikhumbo chomakulakula cha anthu kaamba ka masankho odzipatula ndi ampikisano. Malinga ndi kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Center Research , ziyanjano zambiri zovotera zimalola odziimira kukhala ndi phande m'mapulasitala. Komabe zikondwerero zogaŵa kaŵirikaŵiri zimakana masinthidwe oterowo, kuwopa kutayikiridwa ulamuliro pa njira yopangitsira. Monga momwe malo andale amapitirizira kusinthika, mafomu aakulu adzakhalabe mutu wosuliza wosuliza wotsutsa ndi opanga malamulo mofanana.

Kumaliza

Kusiyanasiyana kwa masankho aakulu m'dziko lonse la United States kumasonyeza mwambo wa boma ndi mkangano wopitirizabe wonena za mmene angasankhire bwino kwambiri chipani. Ngati boma limagwiritsira ntchito malamulo otsekedwa, otseguka, otseguka, kapena aŵiri apamwamba ali ndi zotsatira zenizeni za wovota, mphamvu ya chipani, ndi zojambula za ofunsira amene amaonekera pa chisankho cha boma. Zoters ziyenera kutenga nthaŵi kuti amvetsetse malamulo a boma lawo, [1] motsegulidwa, ndi kuti asinthe chipani chawo ndi kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chipani chawo. Magulu a aphunzitsi ndi mabungwe a boma atha kuchita mbali yaikulu pouza anthu za kusiyana kumeneku, kulimbikitsa kukwaniritsa malamulo ndi kutchuka. Pamene kusintha kwakukulu kukupitirizabe kuchititsa kukambirana, ndi kutsimikizira kuti adziŵikiridwa bwino, ndi kutsimikizira kuti adziŵikizidwa bwino.