Chiyambi: Maziko a Chilungamo m’Sosayiti

Kusungidwa kwa malamulo kuli maziko a chitaganya chilichonse chogwira ntchito. Ntchito yawo imakhudza kwambiri kudalirana kwa anthu, kuteteza nzika, ndi kuchirikiza malamulo. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza za ntchito yake yotsatizana ndi malamulo amakono, kufotokoza mizu yake yakale, kuyang'anira zitokoso zake, kuyang'anira mavuto ake, ndi kugogomezera kufunika kwa maphunziro, luso la zopangapangapanga, ndi mgwirizano wa anthu. Mwakumvetsetsa maluso ameneŵa, tingayamikire bwino lomwe ntchito yokhudza malamulo amakono, kupenda ntchito zake zazikulu, kuyang'anira mavuto ake, ndi kukulitsa kufunika kwa maphunziro, luso la zopanga zinthu zamakono, ndi kugwirizana ndi chitaganya.

Mfundo Yogwirizana ndi Zimene Chilamulo Chinali Kuchitika

Kuyambika kwa malamulo olinganizidwa kunafika kumbuyo zaka zikwi zambiri, ndi madongosolo oloŵera kukwaniritsa zosoŵa za anthu omawonjezereka ndi kusintha kwa kakhalidwe ka anthu. Njira zoyambirira kaŵirikaŵiri zinali zamwamwaŵi ndi za kumaloko, koma kufunika kwa kusungitsa malamulo ndi luso kunaonekera bwino pamene zitaganya zinakula.

Chiyambi Chakale ndi Chaka Chapakati

Ku Babulo wakale, pafupifupi 1754 BCE, Malamulo a Hammurabi anakhazikitsa malamulo olembedwa ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa kuti awasungitse. Malamulo ameneŵa "polisi" anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi atumiki achifumu kuposa akuluakulu amakono olondera. Mofananamo, ku Roma wakale, vigiles [1] adatumikira monga magulu ankhondo a moto ndi alonda usiku, pamene adortees a m’tauni anagwira ntchito monga mphamvu ya jampriti yosunga mtendere mumzinda. Mkati mwa nyengo yapakati ku England, dongosolo la "tithing" linkafunikira magulu khumi apolisi, avokite pambuyo pake kuyendera njira ya tchalitchi chapando, yosadalira pa anthu a m'deralo.

Kuyamba kwa Chipani cha Masiku Ano

Zaka za zana la 19 zinasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu. Mu 1829, Bwana Robert Peel anakhazikitsa Metropolitan Police ku London, kukhazikitsa gulu la polisi lamakono, laukatswiri, ndi lopatsidwa ndalama zambiri. Malamulo a Peel anagogomezera kuletsa upandu, kugwirizana kwa anthu, ndi lingaliro lakuti apolisi ndi anthu ndi apolisi. Kachilomboka kanafalikira mofulumira ku United States ndi mayiko ena. Matauni a ku America monga New York ndi Boston anapanga magulu awoawo a boma, ngakhale kuti makampani oyambirirawa anali osokoneza upandu, ndi kusumika maganizo kwambiri pa kuyang'anira anthu osamukira m’dziko kuposa kuletsa upandu. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 2020 zinabweretsa masinthidwe owonjezereka ndi kuchepetsa ndi maphunziro oyenera, koma nthaŵi zina anapanganso magulu a boma pakati pa mabwanawo ndi pakati pa anthu.

Masiku ano mabungwe oonetsetsa kuti malamulo akugwira ntchito akupitirizabe kusintha, chifukwa cha zimene aphunzira m’mbiri, mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, ndiponso luso la zopangapanga.

Ntchito ya Chilamulo

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo amakono amakwaniritsa mpambo waukulu wa mathayo amene amawonjezerapo kutsendereza oswa malamulo.

Kuteteza Upandu ndi Kulephera Kuugwira

Kuletsa upandu usanachitike ndi cholinga chachikulu cha maluso a apolisi ambiri. Oyang'anira malo onse oonekera (monga ngati galimoto ndi mapazi olondera m'madera ochititsa upandu) ndi ntchito zobisa. Mapologalamu apolisi a m'deralo amagogomezera vuto lothetsa ndi kumanga ubale ndi anthu kuti adziwe ndi kuthetsa zochititsa zazikulu za upandu monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chiwawa chapanyumba, kapena mikangano ya m'dera. Oyendera malo apamwamba, ndi mabizinesi onse amathandiza kuletsa. Maprogramu a umboni onga kuletsa nkhondo ndi kumanga mapepala otentha aonetsa kuti akuthandiza kuchepetsa chiwawa cha mfuti ndi kuphwanya malamulo oyendera mankhwala.

Kufufuza za Upandu

Pamene upandu uchitika, kusungidwa kwa lamulo kumakhala ndi thayo la kuchititsa kufufuza kosamalitsa ndi kosakondera. Akatswiri a upandu amasonkhanitsa umboni weniweni, ofunsidwa ndi mboni, kusanthula chidziŵitso cha makompyuta, ndi kugwirizana ndi malaboratori ofufuza. Njira za kufufuza zakhala zocholoŵana, kupenda DNA, kujambula matelefoni, ndi luso la kuzindikira nkhope. Komabe, ntchito yofufuza imafunikiranso maluso amphamvu kuti ipeze kugwirizana ndi anthu osokonezeka maganizo ndi mboni zokayikitsa.

Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi ndi Chitetezo cha Anthu Onse

Apolisi kaŵirikaŵiri ndiwo oyamba kuchitapo kanthu pa ngozi zapamsewu zamtundu uliwonse . Kuyambira pa ngozi zapamsewu ndi masoka achilengedwe kufikira kukuba ndi zida ndi kusokonezeka kwa m'nyumba. Amapereka chithandizo cha mwamsanga, malo otetezeka, ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi mautumiki ena angozi monga madipatimenti ozimitsa moto ndi othandizira osoŵa chithandizo. Kupezeka kwa makampani 24 /7 kumeneku ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu onse. M'madera ambiri, akuluakulu a boma amathandizanso anthu amene akuvutika maganizo, kufuna maphunziro apadera kuti apeze chithandizo cha matenda popanda kukakamiza.

Kukakamiza Magalimoto ndi Chitetezo cha Msewu

Kusungitsa malamulo a pamsewu kuli mbali yaikulu ya ntchito yapolisi ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Oyang’anira akakamiza kuti pakhale malamulo a liŵiro, malamulo a DUI, zofunika za malo okhala, ndi malamulo ena ochepetsera ngozi ndi ngozi. Kuima kwa magalimoto kumathandizanso kuletsa zida zoletsedwa, mankhwala, ndi anthu ofuna. Kusungitsa kwa magalimoto kumaletsa kudalirana ndi anthu, popeza kuti njira zosungitsa zingathe kuwononga maunansi a anthu.

Kuthandizana ndi Kukhulupirirana

Kuposa kusungidwa kwa lamulo, kutomerana kwamphamvu nkofunika. Oyang'anira anansi, maprogramu a sukulu onga D.A.R. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education , ndi zochitika za m'chitaganya. Amapanga kugwirizana ndi kulimbikitsa kugwirizana mwa kukhala owoneka ndi ofikirika. Kudalira kuli ndalama ya polishi ya polisi [1] pamene akuluakulu a anthu okhulupirira ali achilungamo ndi aulemu, ali othekera kwambiri kusimba milandu, kutumikira monga mboni, ndi kutsata malamulo ololedwa. Kupereka ndalama zambiri za ntchito yopanga [[FLT: 0] .

Mavuto Amene Chilamulo Chamakono Chimakumana Nawo

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo amagwira ntchito m’malo odzaza ndi zitokoso zotopetsa zimene zingadodometse kukhoza kwawo kuchirikiza chilungamo mogwira mtima.

Kulephera Kukhulupirirana ndi Anthu Ena

Zochitika zazikulu za apolisi zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kubwezera, ndi kusamvera zawononga chidaliro m'midzi yambiri, makamaka pakati pa anthu a mitundu. Kufufuza kwa 2020 Pew Research Center kunapeza kuti pafupifupi theka la Aamereka asonyeza chidaliro mwa apolisi kuti achitire mafuko onse mofanana. Kukonzanso chikhulupiriro kumafuna kuonekera, kuŵerengera mosasintha, ndi kusintha kwatanthauzo. Makina a m'thupi, mabungwe a oyang'anira a boma, ndi njira zoyambirira zothandizira ogwirira ntchito pa maofisaki ndizo ziŵiro zambiri zimene zimagwiritsira ntchito kubwezeretsa kuyenera kwa .

Kulephera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Ndiponso Mavuto Okhudza Ndalama

Madipatimenti ambiri a apolisi amayang'anizana ndi ndalama zambiri, kupereŵera kwa antchito, ndi zipangizo zachikale. Mabungwe ang'onoang'ono amayesayesa kwambiri kupereka maphunziro ndi luso lofunikira kuthetsera upandu wamakono. Mafoni a "kulonga apolisi" achititsa kusamutsidwa kwenikweni kwa ndalama ku mautumiki a anthu, kuyambitsa kusagwirizana pakati pa ochirikiza kuvomereza kosiyana kwa mavuto ndi awo amene amatsutsa lamulo lamwambo. Kulinganiza bajeti ndi kusunga chisungiko kwa anthu kuli chitokosokoso cha ndale zadziko ndi ntchito.

Kucholoŵana kwa Upandu Wamakono

Upandu wayambika kutali kwambiri kuposa milandu ya misewu. Cybercrime [1] [1] Kuphatikizapo mawotchi, kuba, kudyerera ana, ndi kunyenga kwa pa Intaneti . Kumayambitsa chiwopsezo chimene kaŵirikaŵiri chimaposa maulamuliro a kumaloko. Kusungitsa malamulo kuyenera kugwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma monga FBI ndi anthu a mitundu yonse kulimbana ndi madongosolo otsogolawa. Kuwonjezera apo, kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kugulitsa anthu, ndi kulinganiza upandu kumafuna maaungwe apadera ndi kugwirizana kwa nzeru. Mliri wa opio wachititsa kuvuta kwambiri apolisi kuchirikiza malamulo aŵiriwo ndi kugwirizana ndi anthu kuti agwirizanitse zithandizo.

Thanzi la Maganizo ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu

Mbali yaikulu ya kukumana ndi apolisi imaphatikizapo anthu amene ali ndi mavuto a maganizo. Popanda maphunziro abwino, mikhalidwe imeneyi ingakule, nthaŵi zina mwatsoka. Kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, ngakhale ngati kuli koyenera, kungawononge chikhulupiriro cha anthu. Kusamala kwa apolisi ndi kuchotsa ndalama ndi vuto lalikulu. Madipatimenti ambiri tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito magulu oloŵerera olimbana ndi mavuto (CIT) ndi zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi zimene akuluakulu aŵiri ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo.

Kuŵerengera ndi Kuyang’anira

Malamulo otsimikizira kuti malamulo asungidwa ndi oyenera kuchitidwa mkati ndi kunja ndi ofunika kutsimikizira kuti malamulo ali ololedwa ndi olungama. Kudandaula kwa kusamvera, kukakamiza, kapena tsankho kuyenera kufufuzidwa bwino. Kusoŵa kwa miyezo ya dziko ya khalidwe la apolisi ndi zolemba kumapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kuyesa kupita patsogolo. Makampani akugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira zochenjezera anthu [ poyamba kuti adindo a mbendera okhala ndi njira zodandaulitsira kapena zogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zoyendera mphamvu, ndipo akufalitsa mayeso opangira kuwala.

Kufunika kwa Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro

Kuphunzitsa koyambirira ndi chiyambi chabe; kupita patsogolo kwaukatswiri kuli kofunika kuti muyendetse bwino zinthu mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa malamulo, maluso atsopano, ndi ziyembekezo za anthu.

Kuloŵererapo kwa Mavuto ndi Kuchepetsa Umphaŵi

Kuphunzitsa kuchepetsa upandu kumaphunzitsa apolisi njira zochepetsera kuthekera kwa kukumana ndi chiwawa. Maluso amaphatikizapo kulankhulana, kuleza mtima, nthaŵi yotalikirana, ndi kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda a maganizo. International of Masters of Police [1] imachirikiza malamulo achitsanzo pa kuchepetsa upandu. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti kuphunzira koteroko kungachepetse kuvulala kwa onse aŵiri apolisi ndi nzika.

Kugwirizana kwa Chikhalidwe cha Anthu

Kuphunzitsa mapulinsipulo apolisi kumathandiza akuluakulu kumvetsetsa kufunika kwa kumanga, kuthetsa mavuto, ndi kuchitira anthu onse ulemu. Kuphunzitsa chikhalidwe kumaphunzitsa akuluakulu a madera osiyanasiyana amene amatumikira, kuphatikizapo mafuko, ndi LGBTQ + + chiŵerengero cha anthu. Maphunziro ameneŵa angachepetse tsankho losadziŵa ndi kuwongolera kugwirizana. Masukulu ena tsopano akuphatikizapo maphunziro ochititsa zochitika zimene zimayerekezera ndi kukumana ndi oseŵera osiyanasiyana.

Kukonzanso Mwalamulo ndi Kupanga Chosankha

Malamulo okhudza kufunafuna ndi kulanda, kumanga, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndi kupatsana mlandu nthaŵi zonse kudzera m'zigamulo za khoti ndi malamulo. Maofesala ayenera kulandira masinthidwe alamulo anthaŵi zonse kuti apeŵe kuswa malamulo alamulo kumene kungatsogolere ku milandu ndi kupondereza umboni. Maphunziro a Ethics amalimbitsa makhalidwe a umphumphu, kuona mtima, ndi utumiki, kuthandiza nduna zoyendera malo a mayeso pamene malamulo samveka bwino. National Institute of Justice [ imapereka ziwiro pa ndandanda ndi miyezo ya malamulo yogwirizana ndi umboni.

Kuyenera kwa Kuthupi ndi Maluso Aluso

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama kumafuna zambiri ndipo kungakhale koopsa. Kuphunzitsa thupi nthaŵi zonse, njira zodzitetezera, kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti, ndi kuyendetsa galimoto n’zofunika kuti apolisi atetezeke. Makampani akuphatikizapo maphunziro enieni osonyeza zinthu monga kujambula jakisoni [1] ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyendera zonga Taser ndi beambag kuti apereke mayankho osiyanasiyana.

Kuphunzitsidwa Mwapadera Zoopsa Zamakono

Monga momwe upandu umasinthikira, ndimomonso kuyenera kuphunzirira. Ofufuza afunikira maluso a pakompyuta a zauchigaŵenga, pamene kuyankha kwa uchigaŵenga kumafuna kupenda mwanzeru ndi kugwirizana. Kuphunzitsa anthu kumathandiza akuluakulu a ntchito zamalonda kuzindikira anthu amene akuvutika ndi kukulitsa milandu. Lamulo la Enictal Enictrial Centers [1] Kuphunzitsa kwa boma, boma, ndi akuluakulu a boma.

Ntchito ya Zipangizo m’Chilamulo

Luso la zopangapanga lasintha malamulo, likumapereka zida zamphamvu zothandizira kukhutiritsa, kuyendetsa zinthu, ndi kuŵerengera mlandu.

Kamera ya Thupi ndi Kuŵerengera

Makamera a thupi (BWC) tsopano ngofunika m'madipatimenti ambiri. Amapereka mbiri yolembedwa yoona ya kukumana, imene ingawongolere khalidwe la ofisala, kuchepetsa madandaulo, ndi kupereka umboni m'kufufuza. Kufufuza kumasonyeza zotulukapo zosiyanasiyana koma kaŵirikaŵiri kumasonyeza kuti ma BWC angachepetse zochitika pamene agwirizana ndi malamulo. Kusunga zinthu ndi kupezeka kwa onse pa mpambo wa anthu kumakhala nkhani za mkangano.

Kufotokoza ndi Kuneneratu za M’tsogolo

Makampani amagwiritsira ntchito zopinga zodziŵikitsa tsatanetsatane wa upandu, zopereka, ndipo ngakhale kulosera kumene upandu ungachitike (polisi yofafanizira). Zida zonga CompStat zimagaŵira mapu enieni a upandu ndi mameta a kachitidwe. Pamene kuli kwakuti zipangizo zimenezi zingawongolere chipambano, iwo amawopseza kuwonjezereka kwa kugawana ngati mbiri yakale isonyeza kusungidwa kwa lamulo. Osuliza akuchenjeza za kudalira kwambiri pa malamulo popanda kuyang'anira kwa anthu.

Njira Zolankhulirana ndi Zosokoneza

Kutumiza kwamakono kothandizidwa ndi kompyuta (CAD) ndi ma terminal a makompyuta amalola maatomu kulandira telefoni, kugwiritsa ntchito laisensi, ndi ma programu otumizira mauthenga kuchokera ku galimoto zawo. Madongosolo olankhulana opangidwa motsatirapo amatheketsa makompyuta, vidiyo, ndi zithunzi kuwonjezera kupezeka kwa anthu osalankhula.

Sayansi Yochititsa Chidwi ndi Luso Lofufuza

Asayansi atulukira bwino kwambiri makompyuta, makompyuta, ndi maso a anthu omwe atulukira bwino kwambiri luso lofufuza. Akatswiri a DNA angayese kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta a mikono poyerekezera ndi anthu amene amawaganizira. Makompyuta a pakompyuta amatha kuchotsa zinthu zochotsedwa pa Intaneti komanso pa zochitika zina zowavutitsa. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa manja pozindikira za munthu kumathandiza kuti adziwe bwino zinthu monga kudalirana, kulondola, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa zinthu.

Zida Zokhala ndi Kavumvulu Wochepa ndi Zodzitetezera

Kupyola pa mfuti, apolisi tsopano ali ndi ziŵiya zochepera zokhala ndi mphamvu zonga ngati zoyendera mphamvu (Tasir), tsabola, mfuti za beanbag, ndi ziŵiya za labala. Njira zimenezi zimapereka njira zina zakupha m'mikhalidwe ina. Kuwonjezerapo, malaya ophera mpira, makamera otchingidwa ndi zokometsera galimoto, zimathandiza apolisi kuteteza.

Kulinganiza kulera ana a anthu ndi ufulu wa anthu kumafuna malamulo amphamvu, mfundo za chitaganya, ndi uyang'aniro waufulu. Bureau ya Chilungamo Alter [[FLT: 1] imapereka ziperekero ndi zitsogozo za kukwaniritsa luso la zopangapanga.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu ndi Chiweruzo Cholinganiza

Chilungamo chogwira mtima chimafunika kugwirizana ndi anthu a m’deralo, mautumiki a zachikhalidwe, sukulu, mabizinesi, ndi mabungwe ena a boma.

Chitsanzo Chabwino cha Kakhalidwe ka Anthu

Polishi ya boma imagogomezera vuto lothetsa ndi kulinganiza bwino. Oyang'anira amakhala ozoloŵera m'madera, kupezeka pamisonkhano yakumaloko, kulangiza maseŵera a achichepere, kapena kukonza zochitika zoyeretsa. Makampani amene amapanga ntchito m'mapolisi a m'chitaganya kaŵirikaŵiri amaona kuwonjezereka kwa milandu ndi kuchepetsa mantha a upandu. Ofesi ya Community Oriented Policing Service (COFS) imapereka ndalama ndi maphunziro a ntchito zimenezi.

Kugwirizana ndi Mautumiki Othandiza Anthu

Magulu ambiri akutengera maprogramu ochititsa chidwi amene amatumiza akatswiri a zaumoyo kumbali kapena mmalo mwa akuluakulu a boma kaamba ka mafoni osakhala aupandu. Izi zimachepetsa kumangidwa kwa anthu ofunikira kuchitiridwa ndi kumasulidwa kwa apolisi kusumika maganizo pa upandu. Maprogramu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapereka njira zochiritsira mmalo mwa kutsekera milandu ya mankhwala ogodomalitsa. Chiwawa cha m'mabanja ndi apolisi kuti athandize anthu ovutika ndi olakwa.

Kudziloŵetsa m’Ntchito ndi Kuchinjiriza kwa Achichepere

Kumanga ubale ndi achinyamata n’kofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale upandu wautali. Maofesala a zachuma a pasukulu, kulangiza maprogramu monga Police Athletic Leagues, ndi mapulogalamu a maphunziro amachititsa kugwirizana kwabwino. Maprogramu amene amasumika pa kuthetsa mikangano, zoyesayesa zotsutsa, ndi kuletsa kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mankhwala angapangitse achichepere kusakhala aupandu.

Kuona Bwino ndi Kudyetsa Machenjera

Kukhulupirira kumakula pamene mabungwe akusonyeza bwino malamulo awo, chidziŵitso, ndi machitidwe olangiza. Madipatimenti ambiri a apolisi tsopano amafalitsa malipoti a chaka ndi chaka, maboard akusonyeza kuima ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, ndi kukhala ndi misonkhano m’maholo a tauni. Nzika imakhala ndi mabodipoti openda anthu, ma pulati a anthu wamba, ndi mafufuzidwe amapereka njira zothandizira anthu. Vara Institute of Justice imagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe othandizira kukonza zinthu zimene zimawonjezera chilungamo ndi kuonekera bwino.

Mapeto ake: Kuyandikira Tsogolo Labwino

Kusungitsa malamulo kuli ndi mbali yaikulu m'kulondola chilungamo. Amuna ndi akazi amene amatumikira m'maudindo ameneŵa amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu . kuyambira pa kukayikira kwa anthu ndi kulephera kwa bajeti kuwonjezeka kwa upandu wotchuka ndi kufunika kokhazikika kwa kulinganiza chisungiko ndi zoyenera. Komabe ntchito yawo idakali yofunika kwambiri. Mwakumvetsetsa kuyambika kwa mbiri yakale, ntchito zazikulu, ndi zochitika zamakono za apolisi, nzika zikhoza kuchitapo kanthu mowonjezereka ndi zoyesayesa kuwongolera dongosolo. Kupanga ndalama m’kuphunzitsa, luso la zopanga zinthu, ndi kugwirizana ndi anthu sikuli kodzifunira koma kofunika. Chikhalidwe cha anthu chachikhalidwe chokhacho chimadalira pa kusungitsa malamulo, kuyankha, kukambirana kotsegulira mavuto, ndi kugwirizana kothandiza, tingapange njira imene imachirikizadi chilungamo kwa aliyense.