Kuzindikira kapangidwe ka boma nkofunika kwa aliyense amene akufuna kukhala ndi phande mokhutiritsa m'moyo wa anthu. United States amagwira ntchito pansi pa dongosolo la boma, limene limatanthauza mphamvu kugawidwa pakati pa boma la dziko ndi maboma a boma. Maboma a dziko, nawonso, amapeza ulamuliro wawo ku maboma. Nkhaniyi imapereka kusweka kwatsatanetsatane kwa mlingo uliwonse wa boma, ntchito zawo, boma, ndi malo akuno ndi kugwirizana kwawo popereka mautumiki, kukhazikitsa malamulo, ndi kutsimikizira ubwino wa anthu. Komabe, mathayo awo enieni kaŵirikaŵiri amayendera limodzi, ndipo ingathe kukhala yovuta. Nkhaniyi imapereka kusweka kwatsatanetsatane kwa mlingo uliwonse wa boma, ntchito zawo zosiyana, ndi mmene amagwirizanirana nanu kutumikira.

Kodi Boma Limatsogolera Pati?

M'maiko ambiri a demokrase okhala ndi dongosolo la boma, boma lalinganizidwa kukhala milingo itatu yaikulu: boma, boma, ndi malo akwawo. Mlingo uliwonse uli ndi mathayo ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, zofotokozedwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi malamulo a boma kapena chikalata cholamulira chofanana. Lamulo la U. U.S. limatchula maulamuliro a boma, pamene kuli kwakuti Kukonzanso kwa Tenth kumasunga maulamuliro ena onse ku maboma. Maboma, kuphatikizapo mizinda, ndi matauni, amapangidwa ndi maboma ndi maulamuliro a boma ndi kuyendetsa ntchito kwake pansi pa lamulo la boma. Kumvetsa malamulo apamwamba ameneŵa kumathandiza nzika kudziŵa mlingo umene ungagwirizanitse nkhani zina za boma, pamene kulibe mabowo amene amasamukira kudzikoko.

  • Boma la Boma la Boma [[FLT: 1] – Akugwira chitetezo cha dziko, malamulo achilendo, malonda a pakati pa mayiko, ndi ndalama.
  • Boma la Boma la m'Chigawo [1] – Amayang'anira maphunziro, zoyendera, thanzi la anthu, ndi chiweruzo cha upandu m'malire ake.
  • Boma la Kumaloko – Limapereka mautumiki achindunji monga apolisi, moto, ukhondo, malo, ndi sukulu zakumaloko.

Boma la Federal

Boma la boma ndilo mlingo wapamwamba koposa wa boma m'dzikolo. Lili ndi thayo la nkhani za dziko ndi malamulo zimene zimakhudza mtundu wonse. Boma la boma liri ndi nthambi zitatu: bwanamkubwa, geni, ndi judge . Kulekanitsidwa kwa maulamuliro, limodzi ndi macheke ndi makalipi, kumaletsa nthambi iliyonse kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri. Boma la boma limayang'aniranso gulu lalikulu la boma . . . . . .Ilo limapereka malamulo ndi kukhazikitsa mautumiki onga Social Security, ezachitetezo, ndi kutetezera malo a dziko.

Nthambi Yotsogolera

Nthambi yapamwambayi ikutsogozedwa ndi Pulezidenti, yemwe amatumikira monga mkulu wa boma ndiponso mkulu wa boma. Pulezidenti amakhazikitsa malamulo, amalamula magulu ankhondo, amayendetsa malamulo a mayiko ena, ndipo amayang'anira ntchito za boma. Nthambi imeneyi imaphatikizapo madipatimenti 15 akuluakulu a boma, monga Dipatimenti ya za Ulozansi, Dipatimenti ya Zamaphunziro, ndi Department of Health and Human Services. Kuwonjezera apo, mabungwe odziimira okha monga bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ndi National Aeronautricics and Space (NASA) lipoti la Prezidenti ya kukhazikitsa malamulo, amene amanyamula mphamvu ya lamulo koma angalatsiridwe ndi Nyumba ya malamulo kapena kumenyedwa ndi makhoti.

Nthambi Yolamulira Malamulo

Nthambi ya lamulo, yodziŵika monga Nyumba ya Malamulo, ili ndi thayo la kupanga malamulo. Nyumbayo ili ndi zipinda ziŵiri: Nyumba ya Oimira ndi Nyumba ya Nyumba. Nyumbayo ili ndi mamembala 435, ndipo imaimira anthu a boma. Nyumbayo ili ndi mamembala 100, aŵiri ochokera m'boma lililonse. Nyumba imakhala ndi mphamvu ya kachikwama kokhala ndi ndalama zambiri (iyang'anira ndalama za boma, misonkho, ndi kukongola. Ilinso ndi ulamuliro wa kulengeza nkhondo, kampani ya boma, ndi kutsimikizira mapangano a pulezidenti. Nyumba iliyonse ili ndi ntchito yapadera: Nyumba imayambitsa mapangano a ndalama, pamene kuli kwakuti Nyumba imakhazikitsa mapangano ndi kukhazikitsa. Anthu angalankhula ndi oimira oimira maweruzi awo pa mawebusaiti onga [FL:0] Cregn. [FFF1]

Nthambi Yoweruza

Nthambi yachiweruzo imamasulira malamulo ndi kutsimikizira kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Ilo ndilo dongosolo la makhoti, ndi Khoti Lapamwambalo lili ndi khoti lapamwamba koposa m'dziko. Khoti la boma limaphatikizapo makhoti 94 a zigawo (makhoti a milandu), 13 makhoti a zikalata, ndi Bwalo Lapamwamba. Oweruza a Federal amaikidwa kaamba ka moyo ndi Pulezidenti ndipo amatsimikiziridwa ndi Khoti. Khoti Lapamwamba lili ndi mphamvu ya kupenda kwachiweruzo, kutanthauza kuti lingalengeze malamulo osagwirizana ndi malamulo a boma. Nthambizi zimenezi zimathetsa mikangano yokhudza lamulo, mapangano, ndi malamulo a malamulo, ndi malamulo a m'lamulo, ndipo limateteza ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha monga [[FLD:] Brown v. Board of Education of Exption [FFFD:] ndi [FFD]. [2]

Boma

Maboma akugwira ntchito pansi pa malamulo awoawo ndipo ali ndi ulamuliro wa kukhazikitsa malamulo olunjika ku madera awo. Iwo amachita nkhani zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo maphunziro, zoyendera, chitetezo cha anthu, ndi kusamalira thanzi. Maboma ndi maulamuliro odziimira, kutanthauza kuti sapatsidwa mphamvu ku boma. Boma lililonse lili ndi mapangidwe akeake a zigawo zitatu, kutsanzira chitsanzo cha boma. Maboma alinso ndi mphamvu yopanga ndi kulamulira maboma a dziko lapansi kudzera mwa malamulo awo ndi malamulo.

Malamulo a Boma

Boma lililonse lili ndi bungwe la malamulo ake, lomwe kwenikweni ndi bungwe la bimadral (kusiyapo Nebraska, limene lili ndi nyumba ya malamulo ya boma yopanda munthu wa m'dziko), limene limapanga malamulo. Opanga malamulo a boma amaimira zikondwerero za anthu awo ndi kugwira ntchito pa malamulo amene amayambukira mwachindunji anthu awo. Iwo amasamalira nkhani zonga ma bajeti a boma, ndalama za sukulu, ndi malamulo aupandu. Malamulo a boma alinso ndi mphamvu ya kugonjetsa gawo la ovage, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi unyinji wa matatu. Anthu angapereke lamulo la boma kupyolera ku mawebusaiti a boma kapena mabungwe onga Comyunity of State State [Flisttures [1].

Boma Loyang’anira

Nthambi ya boma pa mlingo wa boma imatsogozedwa ndi Bwanamkubwa, amene amakhazikitsa malamulo a boma ndi kuyang'anira ulamuliro wa boma. Maboma ambiri ali ndi mphamvu zosankha akuluakulu monga Lieutanant Officer ndi Attoney General, zimene zingayambitse njira ya macheke ndi kulinganiza pakati pa nthambi ya akuluakulu. Akuluakulu amachita mbali yaikulu m'kuyankha tsoka ndi kutukuka kwa zachuma m'maiko awo.

Makhoti a Boma

Makhoti a boma amasamalira milandu yalamulo pansi pa lamulo la boma. Iwo amachita zinthu modziimira pa mlandu wa boma ndipo amatsimikizira kuti chilungamo chiperekedwe pamlingo wa boma. Makhoti a boma kwenikweni amaphatikizapo makhoti amilandu (kaŵirikaŵiri otchedwa khoti lalikulu kapena bwalo lachigawo), makhoti apakati, ndi bwalo lamilandu lalikulu. Makhoti a boma amamva milandu yambiri ya milandu, kuphatikizapo milandu ya upandu, milandu ya m’banja, mapangano, ndi milandu ya boma. Oweruza amasankhidwa kapena kuikidwa mogwirizana ndi boma. Makhoti a boma angaikidwe ku U.

Boma Lakumaloko

Maboma apafupi kwambiri ndi anthu. Amaphatikizapo matauni, matauni, matauni, ndi zigawo zapadera (monga magawo a sukulu ndi maulamuliro a madzi). Maboma a m’dziko amapangidwa ndi ulamuliro wa boma. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopereka ntchito zofunika ndi kukonzanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri za m'dziko. Maboma a m’deralo amasiyana kwambiri m’dziko ndi boma.

Mitundu ya Boma Lakumeneko

Malo ndi aakulu kwambiri m'mayiko, akugawa magawo. Matauni ndi matauni (amene ali ndi mabungwe awo olamulira) ndi madera apadera akupereka ntchito zapadera, monga kuteteza moto, malaibulale, kapena madzi, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amadutsa malire a makampani. National Association of Coualies [1] Aunt [1] Amapereka chidziŵitso chosonyeza kuti pali mapulaneti ndi zigawo zoposa 3,000 mu United States, limodzi ndi bungwe lake losankhidwa kapena bungwe.

Mabungwe a Malo ndi Ajuwero

Mabungwe a kumaloko kapena mabungwe amasankhidwa kuti alamulire mizinda ndi matauni. Iwo amapanga zosankha pa nkhani za kumaloko zonga kumanga, chisungiko chapoyera, ndi mautumiki a anthu. Malamulo a boma a m'deralo angasiyane: mu council , bungwe lilemba nduna yaukatswiri yosamalira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Nyumba ya tauni ndi mayerereredwe a anthu ndi kugamula kuti atengemo mbali mwachindunji m'chosankha cha kumaloko.

Ntchito Zapamudzi Zinaperekedwa

Maboma a m’derali amathandiza anthu ambiri ndipo zimenezi zimakhudza moyo wawo weniweni wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

  • Maphunziro a ku yunivesite [1] – madera a Sukulu amayang'anira sukulu za K-12, zolipiriridwa ndi misonkho ya malo akwawo ndi chithandizo cha boma.
  • Zoyendera za magetsi [[FLT :1] – Buses, sitima zapansi panthaka, ndi masitima a sitima zopepuka zoyendetsedwa ndi akuluakulu a mzinda kapena chigawo.
  • Mautumiki a kuchuluka – Madipatimenti a Apolisi, madipatimenti a moto, ndi mautumiki a zachipatala amwadzidzidzi (EMS).
  • Mapark ndi zosangulutsa [1] – mapaki apoyera, malo a anthu, ndi maprogramu a zosangulutsa.
  • [[FL:0] Factrast [[FLT :1] – madzi ndi zinyalala, kukonza misewu, ndi kusonkhanitsa zinyalala.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi nthaka [1] – kukonzanso nyumba ndi kukonza nthaka.

Kuthandizana Pakati pa Boma

Ngakhale kuti chigawo chilichonse cha boma chili ndi udindo wake, iwo amathandizana kukambirana nkhani zovuta zimene zimafunika kuyendera limodzi. Kugwirizana kumeneku, komwe kumatchedwa kugwirizana kwa boma, kukhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ndalama za boma, malamulo a boma, ndi njira zothandizira. Kugwirizana kwa boma ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti ziyendere bwino, makamaka pa nthawi ya ngozi kapena pa ntchito zazikulu.

Kupereka Ndalama ndi Ansembe

Boma la boma limapereka chithandizo cha ndalama ku boma ndi maboma a kumalo mwa ndalama ndi kusamutsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama za boma za boma za chigawo chachikulu cha boma la Medicaid, ndipo zimapereka ndalama za misewu, maphunziro, ndi kutetezeka kwa anthu. Izi zingakhale zoperekazo [[FLT:] zovomerezeka] [ [pa] (kukwaniritsa cholinga chenicheni) kapena zopereka mphatso [[FT:3] (kulolera kulolera kusinthika kowonjezereka). M’chaka cha 2023, boma limapereka chiwonkhozero cha maiko ndi ndalama zokwana madola 1 biliyoni. Kuthandiza ndi madongosolo a dongosolo lolinganizidwa ndi dongosolo lolinganizidwa lolinganizidwa ndi lamulo la United States Acts Afture.

Boma Limayesa Anthu ndi Kuwayesa

Mayiko angalamulire kuti maboma apereke mautumiki ena kapena kutsatira miyezo ina yake. Mwachitsanzo, boma lingafunikire magawo onse kuti lipereke malaibulale a boma kapena kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a zomangamanga ofanana. Mayiko angachotsenso malamulo akwawo ndi cholinga cha lamulo la boma losiyana ndi lamulo la kumaloko. Nthaŵi zambiri kulandidwa kwa boma kumabuka m’madera monga ngati kuletsa mfuti, malamulo a malo, ndi malipiro ochepa, kumene maboma amachepetsa mphamvu ya mizinda yokhazikitsa malamulo awo. Kulimbana kwa boma ndi ulamuliro wa kumaloko ndi mbali yaikulu ya ulamuliro wa boma.

Kuyamba Kugwirizana ndi Kulabadira Kofulumira

Milingo itatu yonseyo ya boma imagwirizana pa nkhani zowopsya zonga ngati chivomerezo cha tsoka, thanzi la anthu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chuma. Patsoka lachilengedwe monga mphepo yamkuntho, boma la boma (via FEMA) likugwirizana ndi mabungwe oyang'anira zangozi ndi opereka chithandizo choyamba. Mavuto aumoyo, monga ngati mliri wa CHOVID-19, amaphatikizapo chitsogozo cha boma (kuchokera ku CDC), ndawala ya boma, ndi malo oyesera a kumaloko. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zimafuna kulankhulana, kugawana, ndi kudalirana. Seady.

Kumvetsa Maboma N’kofunika Kwambiri

Kumvetsa bwino mlingo wa boma n’kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akhale nzika yokangalika. Kumathandiza anthu kuti azichita zinthu ndi oimira awo, kulimbikitsa zofuna zawo, ndi kuyendetsa makompyuta. Mukadziwa kuti ndi steeti yanji imene imagwira ntchito inayake, mukhoza kutsogolera nkhaŵa zanu ku ofesi yapadera, kuteteza nthawi ndi kuwonjezera mwayi wanu womvedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kusimba za kusweka kwa misewu, mukhoza kukumana ndi apolisi; ngati muli ndi pulogalamu ya boma, mukhoza kukambirana ndi woimira wanu. Chidziŵitsochi chingakuthandizeninso kusanthula bwino kwambiri anthu oyenera kuyang'anira ntchito zawo ndi ntchito yawo.

Kuloŵa M’gulu la Anthu Ochita Chiwawa ndi Kuphunzitsa Ana Kusukulu

Nzika zodziŵa bwino kwambiri zikhoza kuvota, kupezeka pamisonkhano yapoyera, ndi kukhala ndi phande m'kulamulira kwa kumaloko. Mwakumvetsetsa mmene milingo ya boma imagwirira ntchito pamodzi, mungadziŵitse mipata ya kusonkhezera malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, mungapereke chilolezo kwa akuluakulu a boma kuti apereke ndalama zothandizira maphunziro abwino, kapena kupereka umboni pa bungwe la mzinda lomva za kusintha kwa malo. Mabungwe ambiri amapereka malangizo a mmene angagwiritsidwire ndi boma pa mlingo uliwonse. USA.gov Erected Ofected Ofecters [ tsamba likukuthandizani kupeza chidziŵitso cha bungwe, boma, boma, ndi oimira dziko.

Kuwongolera Mgwirizano Wanu

Pamene nzika zimvetsetsa ntchito za boma lililonse, zingathandize kwambiri kukambirana ndi akuluakulu a boma kuti athetse mavuto a m'dzikolo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amene akuda nkhawa za chitetezo cha pamsewu angagwire ntchito ndi bungwe la mumzindalo kukhazikitsa mabuduza, kenaka kupempha boma kuti lipereke ndalama ku pulojekiti ya msewu wokulira. Magulu otere amafunika kudziwa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zimene zingathandize. Komanso, kudziwa bwino kugwirizana ndi boma kumathandiza anthu a boma kuti azikhala ndi udindo wawo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati sukulu zayamba kumangidwa, zingachitike chifukwa cha malamulo a boma a msonkho, kupereka ndalama, kapena kupereka ziletso za boma.

Kumaliza

Mwachidule, boma, boma, ndi malo alionse amachita mbali zofunika kwambiri potumikira anthu. Mwa kugwira ntchito pamodzi, angathetse zosoŵa zosiyanasiyana za anthu ndi kutsimikizira kuti demokrase ikugwira ntchito bwino. Dongosolo la boma linapangidwa kulinganiza mphamvu ndi kulola kuti zikhale zogwirizana kwinaku akusunga umodzi wa dziko. Komabe, limapanganso kucholoŵana ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana. Anthu amene amapatula nthaŵi kuti amvetse mmene mlingowu ukugwirira ntchito. Amayamba kuphunzira zimene zimaimira inuyo, kupezeka pa msonkhano uliwonse, ndi kukonza mawu anu.