Matauni ali ndi mlandu wa 70% ya mpweya wotentha wa dziko lonse, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zapakati pa kulephera kwa nyengo. Mabwana a mizinda ndi akuluakulu a makampani a boma ali ndi malo apadera oletsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, kutsegulira mpata pakati pa malamulo apamwamba ndi kusintha kwa zinthu. Njira zimene anapanga ziyenera kugwirizanitsa sayansi ya malo okhala, kumanga matauni, chuma cha anthu, ndi mgwirizano wa chitaganya.

Kusintha Magulu a Magulu a Anthu a M’matauni

Kawirikawiri njira imodzi yoyendera ndi yoposa zonse mumzinda, yoyendera galimoto zaumwini ndi njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito malo. Kuchepetsa mpweya kuchokera ku mbali imeneyi kumafuna kusintha kuchoka ku galimoto imodzi yokha kupita ku njira zaluso, zogawana, ndi zogwira ntchito. Mabwana a mizinda akutumiza malamulo othandizira kukonzanso mmene anthu amayendera m’mizinda.

Kufutukula Malo Otumizira Anthu Mabuku

Ulendo wapamwamba, njira yodalirika yoperekera katundu ndi yodalirika ndi magwero a mzinda waung'ono uliwonse woyendera magalimoto. Mafashoni a m'basi yoyenda mofulumira (BRT) amapereka njira yothandiza yoperekera zinthu zothamanga popanda kuwonongetsa njanji ya pansi panthambi. Misewu ya mabasi yopatulidwa, kutula ndalama za pakitchini, ndi kukwera mlingo wodalirika kungasuntha zikwi zambiri za anthu pa ola limodzi, kupikisana ndi sitima yamagetsi. Kuchepetsa sitima za basi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri, kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera ndi kuyendetsa ntchito ndi kutulutsa mchira wa sitima. Mizinda kuphatikizapo Shenzhenchen ndi Santiago yasonyeza kuti zoyendera zonse zoyendera ndi zoyera ndi zoyera ndi zoyera, zopereka mpweya ndi misewu yabata.

Kuika ndalama za Rail kukukhalabe kofunika kwambiri pa makosi aakulu. Kuwonjezera masiteshoni a sitima zapansi kapena njanji zopepuka zimatsegulira kupita patsogolo kwa njira zoyendera, kuika pa nyumba ndi ntchito ku masiteshoni. Mamanejala a mzinda angagwiritse ntchito ndalama, kumene mapindu a katundu amene akukwera pafupi ndi malo oimikapo atsopano amathandiza kupezera ndalama zothandizira. Kukonza mandandanda ndi ndalama zoyendera m'mabungwe a madera oyendera amawonjezanso kuchepetsa kukwera kwa magalimoto, njira yolimbikitsa yochoka ku magalimoto.

Kupititsa Patsogolo Zoyendera Zachangu

Kuyenda ndi kukwera njinga kumachititsa utsi wa ziwiya ndi kupereka njira zaumoyo za anthu. Kupanga njira zotetezeka zoyendera anthu oyenda pansi ndi oyenda pa njinga ndi ntchito yaikulu. Kuteteza ngalawa, kusiyanitsa ndi magalimoto ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, kwasonyezedwa kuti kukuwonjezera kwambiri. Matauni onga Paris ndi Copenhagen awononga kwambiri njira za njinga zopitirizabe zimene zimatheketsa nzika kudutsa mzinda wonse popanda galimoto.

Kusintha kwa magalimoto nkofunika mofanana. Kuchepetsa liŵiro la galimoto kufika pa 20 kapena 30 pa ola pa misewu ya m'mudzi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ngozi ndi kupangitsa kuyenda bwino. Malo osinthira amodzi, kufupikitsa mitunda, ndi njira zokulirapo zimaitana anthu kusankha kuyenda pa maulendo afupi. Fakitale ya magetsi Factblot , Family , kutsegula misewu kuchokera ku galimoto ndi kuisinthanso misewu ya moyo wa anthu, kuchepetsa mavolyumu a galimoto ndi kutulutsa mpweya wogwirizana pakati pa madera ozindikiridwa bwino.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zofunika pa Ntchito

Ngakhale kuti pali njira zabwino kwambiri zoyendera ndi njinga, mizinda iyenera kuyang'anira kufunika kwa ulendo wa galimoto. Kuyendetsa galimoto, monga momwe kunagwiritsidwira ku London, Stockholm, ndi Singapore, kumalamula oyendetsa galimoto kuloŵa m'madera odzaza ndi anthu ambiri m’maola apamwamba. Chizindikiro chosavuta chimenechi chachepetsa mavoliyumu a magalimoto ndi 20-30% ndi kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya, pamene kuli kwakuti ndalama zimene zingabwezeretsedwe kuwongolera kayendedwe.

Malo otsika opangitsira katundu (LEZs) amaletsa magalimoto oipitsa kwambiri kuchokera ku malo a mzinda. Malo ameneŵa amafulumira kutembenukira ku magalimoto oyeretsa ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrogen dioxide ndi zinthu zina. Malamulo a paki amagwiranso ntchito: kuchotsa zofunika zoimika pagalimoto zocheperapo kuti pakhale zitukuko zatsopano, kuchepetsa mitengo ya kuimika kwa galimoto, ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo oimika galimoto omwe amalepheretsa zonse kukhala ndi galimoto. Mabwa a mzinda angamange malamulo ameneŵa kupanga njira yosavuta kupanga zosankha zapamwamba.

Kusokoneza Malo Omangapo

Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomangamanga pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira malo, malamulo omanga nyumba, ndiponso njira zothandizira kuti zinthu ziyende bwino.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zopangira Mphamvu za Network

Nyumba zatsopano zomangidwa lerolino zidzakhala zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito mu 2050. Kuzilola kuti zipange mphamvu za magetsi za nyukiliya ndi zothekera ndi zanzeru. Mizinda yopita patsogolo ikulandira malamulo amene amapangitsa kutentha, kumangidwa kwa mphepo, mawindo okongola atatu, ndi kutentha kuti zikhale bwino. Nyumba za Passs zimapereka njira yolimba, yochepetsera kutentha ndi kuzizira ndi katundu poyerekezera ndi 80-90% pomanga malo ofala.

Kaboni, kutulutsa zinthu zopangidwa ndi kunyamula zinthu zomangira, ndi mbali ina. Malamulo a kumaloko amene amafuna kulengeza zinthu zachilengedwe ndi konkire ndi chitsulo, kapena kuti athandize kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhala ndi magalimoto otsika monga matabwa aakulu, angasinthe msika. Mizinda ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kugula zinthu zoyeretsera ntchito, kuphatikizapo nyumba za mizinda, malaibulale, ndi ntchito za nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa.

Kuthandiza Kupeza Mphamvu Zokwanira

Chitokoso chachikulu chiri m'kuchotsa sitolo yomwe ilipo. Kumanga nyumba kaamba ka magetsi kumafuna likulu la magetsi limene eni ake angasowe, ngakhale ngati kusunga ndalama kwanthaŵi yaitali kuli kokongola. Mamanejala a mizinda akukonza zipangizo zatsopano za ndalama kuti agonjetse chopinga chimenechi. Propective Assessce Energy (PACE) [PALT:1] maprogramu alola eni malo kupeza mawongowo kupyolera mwa kupenda kwa ndalama zawo za msonkho, kufalitsa mtengowo ndi katunduyo kwa zaka makumi aŵiri.

Maluso a ntchito amaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa mabanki obiriŵira amene amapereka ngongole zochepera kaamba ka kuyendetsa bwino ndi kutumiza magetsi, ndi kupereka chithandizo chaluso kuthandiza kudziŵikitsa ndi kukwaniritsa ntchito zomangira. Kupanga ntchito kogwirizana ndi maprogramu ameneŵa kumatsimikizira kuti omanga akumaphunzitsidwa kuika makina otenthetsa, zomangira za mphepo, ndi makina opangidwa mocholoŵana. Matauni okongola akukhazikitsa mitu yoyenerera kaamba ka kumanga stock, kulinganiza kubweretsa nyumba zonse ku muyezo wapamwamba wa kuyendetsa bwino podzafika 2040 kapena 2050.

Kusamalira Mphamvu Zamagetsi Zam’mzinda Mochenjera

Zipangizo zamakono zimathandiza kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zizigwira ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ounikira anthu ndi ma LED komanso zipangizo zoyendetsera zinthu kumachepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 50-70% ndipo zimatha kudzilipirira mwa kusunga zinthu.

Pamlingo waukulu, mabwana a mizinda akutumiza ma froctt amene amalinganiza mbadwo womangika ndi ntchito yomanga. Ngati aphatikiza ndi magetsi ogwiritsa ntchito nthaŵi, makompyuta ochenjera angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu m'nthaŵi za kukonzanso, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mlingo wa madzi ndi kutsitsa mpweya. Matauni angawonjezerenso katundu wawo wa makampani kuti akonzenso mphamvu kapena kutenga nawo mbali pofuna mapulogalamu oyankha, kugulitsa mphamvu kubwereranso kwa woyendetsa grip.

Kufutukula Kaboni Wachilengedwe ndi Zakudya Zaudongo

Kukonza zachilengedwe m’maluŵa a m’tauni kumathandiza kwambiri: kuchepetsa madzi a mkuntho, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa zisumbu za m’tauni, ndi kuwongolera moyo. Mabwana a mizinda akugwirizanitsa njira za chilengedwe zimenezi kumbali zonse za kulinganiza mzinda.

Nkhalango Zabwino Kwambiri za M’matauni

Mitengo ya mu Urban ndi yolimba kwambiri, yolandira pamene ikubisa nyumba ndi masitepe. Kuika ziphiri zolimba za denga, zonga ngati 30% ya mitengo pa 2030 pa 2030 , kumapereka lamulo lomveka kwa dipatimenti ya mapaki. Kufikira malo ameneŵa kumafuna kusintha kuchoka pa kuyang'ana mitengo kukhala yokongola kwambiri kuti ionedwe ngati malo ofunika kwambiri. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kudalira ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito polima ndi kukonza mitengo, kuteteza mitengo yokhwima yomwe ilipo panthaŵi ya nyengo ya m’tsogolo, ndi kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana imene idzakula bwino m’nyengo ya nyengo ya .

Kuikidwa kwa mitengo kuli ndi ntchito yaikulu. Kuyamba kubzala m'madera otsika ndi denga, kumene kaŵirikaŵiri kuli ndi anthu ochepa opeza ndalama, kumasamalira zosamalira malo okhala pamene kuli kuwonjezera phindu la kuzizira. Nyumba zowononga zimachepetsa mwachindunji kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku chigawo cha mphamvu. Mtengo umodzi wokhwima ukhoza kutenga makilogalamu oposa 48 pachaka, kupangitsa nkhalango kukhala chimodzi mwa zipangizo zochepetsera carbon kutsika.

Madenga Obiriwira ndi Malo Ozizira

Malo osungirapo zinthu amaimira malo aakulu, osatentha amene angasinthidwe kukhala zamoyo. matsindwi audzu, ophimbidwa ndi zomera ndi kumera, amakoka madzi a mkuntho, kuteteza nyumba, ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chisumbu. Toronto ndi Singapore akhazikitsa madenga obiriŵira pa kumanga kwatsopano, ndipo mizinda yambiri imapatsa mabomba apamwamba kapena misonkho kuti iitsende. Madenga obiriŵira angachepetse kutentha kwa denga ndi 3040 digirisi yobiriŵiro la mdima poyerekezera ndi matsindwi a mdima.

[[FLT :0] Matsindwi a kholitsi, amene amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zounikira kwambiri, ndi njira yothandiza kuchepetsa kutentha ndi mtengo wotsika ndi kukonza. Kukonzanso malamulo omangapo nyumba kuti afune madenga oziziritsa pa nyumba za malonda ndi lamulo lolunjika lomwe limatha kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochepetsedwa. Mabwana a mzinda angafunenso zipangizo zounikira misewu ndi malo oimikapo galimoto, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi ndi kulimbikitsa oyenda pansi pa msewu.

Mapaki Ogwira Ntchito Zambiri ndi Malo Osavuta Kuwagwiritsa Ntchito

Mapaki aakulu amagwira ntchito monga "mapaki a mzinda," kupereka malo a carbon secreat ndi odzisangalatsa. Komabe, kuloŵerera kwapang'ono, monga mapaki a m’thumba ndi ziwiya za bioswales, nkosavuta kumanga madera a mizinda yothinana. Kusandutsa malo oimika pansi kapena malo opanda kanthu kukhala madera obiriŵira kumapereka mapindu ambiri: kutunga madzi otentha, kupanga malo osungira mungu, ndi kusonkhanitsa malo amene amalimbitsa mgwirizano wa chitaganya.

Mapaipi oyenda pansi amalola madzi a mvula kuloŵa ndi kusefa, mmalo mothira m’madongosolo ochotsa madzi onyansa amene angasefukira m’mikuntho yamphamvu. Zimenezi zimachepetsa mphamvu yofunikira ya kuchiritsa madzi ndi kuletsa zimbudzi kutuluka m’mitsinje. Mabwana a m’mizinda angafune malo osavuta kuima m’malo oimika ndi m’makwalala oyendamo ndi kuchepetsako kusefukira kwa madzi, kuchepetsa ngozi pamene akuchirikiza kayendedwe ka madzi a kumaloko.

Kusintha kwa Mphamvu Zosintha Mofulumira

Ngakhale kuti mizinda siitha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya magetsi, imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri chifukwa cha mapangano ogula zinthu, kulola, ndiponso ntchito za m’boma.

Kuchiritsa Magetsinso

Maboma a mizinda ndi ogula magetsi ambiri, akuyendetsa zinthu zonse kuyambira pa magetsi a m’khwalala mpaka m'mafakitale osungira madzi. Mwa kuloŵa m'nyengo yaitali PPchase Acts (S) mizinda ingatseke mitengo ya magetsi yosasintha kwambiri, yowonjezera mitengo ya magetsi yomayambanso. Mapiri amathandiza kuti matauni apindule ndi ntchito zomangidwanso zokhala kunja kwa malire awo, kuchirikiza kusintha kwa dziko lonse ngakhale ngati magetsi akuchepa.

Maprogramu a Community Chon Agcovation (CCA) amatheketsa mizinda kupezera magetsi anthu onse okhalamo ndi mabizinesi omwe ali m'dziko lawo. Matauni ndi mabwinja 30 ku California atsatira maprogramu a CCA, kupezera zinthu zofunikira zowonjezereka kuposa zopereka za magetsi zopanda ntchito, kaŵirikaŵiri pamlingo wa mpikisano. Chitsanzo chimenechi chimapangitsa mabwana a m'mizinda kulamulira mwachindunji ukulu wa magetsi a kumaloko, kutheketsa kupita patsogolo mofulumira ku prope 100% yokonzedwanso.

Kufalitsa ndi Kusunga Zinthu m’Mibadwo Yochuluka

Rooftop soar imalola anthu ndi mabizinesi kupanga magetsi awoawo oyera, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa ma gript ndi kutsitsa ndalama. Mabwana a mizinda angafulumizitse kulera ana mwa kulola mapulogalamu a dzuŵa olola kuikidwa ndi dzuŵa, kupereka maprogramu ogula amene amachepetsa mtengo, ndi kupereka msonkho wa zinthu kaamba ka zipangizo za dzuŵa. Kugwirizanitsa dzuŵa ndi kusungidwa kwa ma bhetri kukulitsa mphamvu, kulola nyumba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa ma projekiti ndi kusunga zerasi owonjezereka kaamba ka kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mkati mwa maola amadzulo.

Mabwana a mizinda angadziŵe poyera malo kapena ufulu wa ndege wa ntchito za dzuŵa m’chitaganya, akumatsimikizira kuti mapindu a mphamvu zokhalanso zopezedwa ndi anthu onse okhala m’mudzimo mosasamala kanthu za nyumba.

Malo Otetezera ndi Ntchito Zausilikali Zofunika Kwambiri

Masipala, kuphatikizapo mabasi, magalimoto a zinyalala, makampani apolisi, ndi magalimoto oyendera antchito, ali pansi pa kuyang'anira mwachindunji kwa manijala wa mzinda. Kutumiza zombo zimenezi ku magalimoto amagetsi kuchepetsa kuipitsa mpweya kwa kumaloko, kuchepetsa mtengo wa mafuta, ndi kukhazikitsa utsogoleri ku chitaganya. Kulinganiza zimenezi kumafuna kuyendetsa zinthu mwamsanga pa malo osungira zinthu, kuphunzitsidwa kwa antchito osamalira, ndi kugwirizanitsa magetsi kutsimikizira kuti magetsi alipo.

Kupyola magalimoto, mabwana a mzinda angawotcheze makompyuta otenthetsa magetsi. Kuloŵa mmalo mwa gasi ndi makina otenthetsa magetsi m'nyumba za onse, malo osanguluka, ndi nyumba za boma kumapereka ndalama zosungidwa kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi kuchotsapo kutentha kwa madzi. Kuletsa kulumikizana kwa mpweya wachilengedwe m'mapangidwe atsopano kumakhazikitsa njira yowonekera bwino ya msika, kusonyeza kuti nyengo ya nyumba za mafuta a pansi panthaka ikutha.

Malamulo Othandiza Kupeza Zinthu, Ndalama, ndi Maulamuliro a M’chitaganya

Njira zamakono zimapindulitsa kokha ngati zichirikizidwa ndi kuyendetsa kwa mawu, ndalama zokwanira, ndi kuchirikiza chitaganya. Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kuyendetsa zopinga za ndale zadziko ndi zachuma pamene akusumika maganizo pa zinthu za nyengo yaitali.

Kugonjetsa Zopinga Zogwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama

Kuika ndalama kudziko kaŵirikaŵiri kumafuna malikulu oyandikira, koma kumapanga zomangira zaudzu zogwira ntchito kwa nthaŵi yaitali. kumapereka njira yakuti mizinda ikweze likulu la ntchito za nyengo, kukopa oikizira amene amaika malo okhala patsogolo. Kudzera ku Climate Stand Standard imapereka kudalirika ndi kupezeka ku thafa la likulu.

Mayanjano a anthu onse (PPP) amalola mizinda kukhala ndi ukatswiri wothandiza ndi ndalama za ntchito zazikulu zonga madongosolo a mphamvu za chigawo kapena makampani amagetsi ogula magetsi. Kusintha kwa ntchito kumatheketsa kuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi kulipira kuchokera ku zosungidwa zotulukapo, kuchotsa kufunika kwa malikulu a m'mudzi. Mabwana a mizinda amene ali odziŵa bwino kulinganiza zida zatsopano zimenezi za ndalama angafulumitse madongosolo awo a nyengo ngakhale pa ndalama zoyendetsera.

Kukhazikitsa ndi Kulamulira kaamba ka Zigamulo Zozikidwa pa Sayansi

Kachitidwe ka nyengo kamafuna zolinga zokhoza kupitirizidwa. Zonulirapo za Science Sed Centres (SBTI) zimapereka maziko a mizinda kukhazikitsa ziŵiya zochepetsera zoyendera zogwirizana ndi Chikalata cha Paris, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dziko lonse kufika ku 1.5 degree Celsius. Zonulirapo zimenezi ziyenera kuphimba osati ntchito zachindunji za boma komanso kutulutsa kwa anthu onse kuphatikizapo zoyendera, nyumba, ndi zotayitsa.

Gasi wotentha wanthaŵi zonse (GHG) ndi wofunika kwambiri kuti apeze kupita patsogolo. Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kukhazikitsa njira yapakati ya chidziŵitso yoyang'anira ntchito ya magetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, ndi kutayitsa zinthu. Kusimba mowonetsera, kupyola mapulatifomu monga Pangano la General for Climate and Energy [FLT ,], amamanga kuŵerengera mlandu ndi kulola mizinda kugawana machita abwino. Kukhazikitsa zifunkha (m. g. 50% poma 2030) kumapanga kufulumira ndi kulola njira ya kuwongolera ngati kupita patsogolo.

Kusintha Kwabwino Koposa

Malamulo a nyengo ayenera kukonzedwa kuti athandize anthu onse, makamaka amene avutika ndi kuipitsa ndi kusachitidwa zosankha. Kusintha kosasintha kumatsimikizira kuti anthu opeza ndalama zochepa alandira malo oyamba opitira ku kuwongolera, kubzala mitengo, kukonzanso mphamvu, ndi ntchito zobiriŵira. Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kukhazikitsa malo okonzera malo okonzera nyengo, kulembedwa ntchito kuchokera kumadera amene akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuipitsa.

Maprogramu okonza zinthu zomanga mafakitale opangira mafakitale obiriwira amapanga njira zokhalira ndi ntchito zokhazikika, zolipirira bwino anthu a m’deralo. Maprogramu a ntchito zapasadaulo zapasadakhale poika dzuŵa, kukonza magetsi, ndi nkhalango za m’matauni zingasokoneze antchito ochokera m'madera osungirako zachilengedwe. Kutsimikizira kuti kusintha kwa chuma chapamwamba kulinso kusintha kwa chuma chapamwamba ndi ponse paŵiri ndilo ndandanda ya makhalidwe abwino ndi njira yopangira chichirikizo cholimba cha ndale kuti zichirikize madera.

Kumaliza: Njira ya Oyang’anira Matauni

Makina oyendera bwino a kukonzanso magetsi opangira magetsi, mizinda ikhoza kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mpweya komanso kupangitsa kuti anthu okhala m’mizinda azikhala ndi moyo wabwino. Njira zimene zatchulidwa panozi sizikungothandiza kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyi.

Ntchito ya manijala wa mzinda yasintha ndi ya mkulu wa ofesala wamkulu wopirira, amene ali ndi thayo la kuyendetsa zinthu zocholoŵana ndi kuyendetsa zochitika zazitali. Kupambana kumafuna kugwirizanitsa zolinga za nyengo ndi ntchito zonse za boma la boma, kuyambira ntchito za anthu onse kufikira ku chitukuko cha chitaganya. Mwa atsogoleri amphamvu, oukira, ndi mabwana a mizinda, mabwana a mzinda angatsogolere ku tsogolo la mizinda yotukuka, yotsika.