Kugwirizana Kochititsa Chidwi Pakati pa Thandizo la Padziko Lonse ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ulimi

Chithandizo chakunja chidakali chimodzi cha ziŵiya zamphamvu kwambiri zosamalira njala ya dziko lonse, umphaŵi, ndi dongosolo la chakudya. Pamene kuli kwakuti ntchito zazikulu za m'mafakitale ndi chithandizo cha chakudya chamwadzidzidzi kaŵirikaŵiri zimagwira ntchito m'manyuzipepala, mbali yaikulu ya chithandizo cha kutukuka imatsogozedwa ku mlingo wa udzu . Motsatizana ku mlingo wa dziko lonse kuyerekezera 500 miliyoni a mabanja a alimi ang'onoang'ono . Mabanja ameneŵa amakulitsa pafupifupi mahekita aŵiri pa avaredi, komabe amatulutsa pafupifupi theka la chakudya cha padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mpaka 80% ya chakudya m'madera a Asia ndi 88 - Saharan Africa. Kuchirikiza alimi ameneŵa si chinthu chofunika chokha chothandiza anthu; ndiko malonda kwa nthaŵi yaitali m’chisungiko, zachuma, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Mavuto amene anthu ochepa amayang'anizana nawo ndi aakulu. Ochepetsa njira zothandizira, zipangizo zamakono, mautumiki a zachuma, ndi misika yodalirika imachepa kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwa nthaka, kusoŵa kwa madzi, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo kumagwirizanitsa mavuto ameneŵa. Maprogramu othandiza anthu akunja akapangidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, amathandiza maulalowa mwa kukhazikitsa maluso, zipangizo, ndi kuchirikiza ndalama zimene zimathandiza anthu aang'ono kuswa njira za ulimi ndi kupita ku malo opindulitsa, opindulitsa, ndi ntchito zothandiza.

Chifukwa Chake Alimi Ochepa Ali Ofunika Kuti Padziko Lonse Pakhale Zakudya Zokwanira

Kutulutsa Chakudya m’Malowo ndi Kukhazikika

Alimi ochepa ndiwo maziko a chakudya cha m'mayiko ambiri otukuka kumene. Amapanga mbewu zikuluzikulu monga chimanga, mpunga, chinangwa, mapira, ndi nyemba, zimene zimapanga maziko a chakudya kwa anthu mabiliyoni ambiri. Alimi amenewa akachuluka, misika ya m'dera lawo imakhala yabwino, mitengo ya chakudya imakhalabe yokhazikika, ndipo chuma cha kumidzi chimakula. Koma ngati anthu ochepa akulimbana ndi chilala, kubuka kwa tizilombo, kapena kusoŵa kwa ngongole .

Malinga ndi Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)[FAT:1], mafamu aang'ono ali ndi thayo la oposa 70% ya chakudya chodyedwa m'maiko ochepera opezedwa. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti kutulutsa kwawo kukhale kuchepetsa kwachindunji kwa chakudya cha dziko. Chotero kulimbitsa ana aang'ono kuli njira yodyetsera, yodyetsera yochepetsera njala ndi kusoŵa kwa zakudya zokwanira pamlingo.

Ziyambukiro Zochuluka za Chuma ndi Makhalidwe Abwino

Pambuyo pa chakudya chotulutsidwa, ulimi wa anthu ochepa umachititsa ntchito, kuchirikiza moyo wakumudzi, ndi kuchepetsa umphaŵi. M'maiko ambiri osatukuka, alimi amagwiritsira ntchito 50-80% ya antchito, ndipo anthu aang'ono amapanga unyinji wa antchitowo. Pamene alimi apeza ndalama zambiri, amawononga ndalama za kumaloko_ameneko, maphunziro, chisamaliro cha zaumoyo, ndi katundu amene amalimbitsa madera onse. Akazi, amene amapanga pafupifupi theka la alimi aang'ono m’madera ena, kaŵirikaŵiri amawonjezera ndalama zawo m'zakudya kwa banja ndi maphunziro a ana, kutulutsa mapindu oyendera limodzi.

Chithandizo chachilendo chimene anthu aang'ono amalimbana nacho chotero chimatulutsa mafuno amene amapyola kwambiri zokolola. Chimamanga likulu la anthu, chimachepetsa zitsenderezo za kusamukira kumidzi, ndi kuthandizira ku kukhazikika kwa ndale zadziko mwakuthetsa chimodzi cha zochititsa zazikulu za nkhondo: chakudya ndi kusoŵa kwa chuma.

Makina Othandiza Anthu Achilendo Amene Amapezeka ndi Anthu Ang’ono

Njira Yopitira Mbewu, Zopanga Mafakitale, ndi Zogwiritsa Ntchito

Imodzi ya njira zachindunji kwambiri zothandizira anthu aang'ono kuwonjezera pa kukwera kwa mbewu ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu , matenda, ndi mitundu yapamwamba yopatsirana. Magulu onga [FLT: 0] AGRA (Indes ya Chisinthiko cha Green mu Afirika) ndi International Maize and Eleactive Reconficience Center (CIMMT) akugaŵira mbewu zowongoleredwa pafupi ndi thanzi la nthaka monga mafilimita. Zolemba zimenezi zingawonjeze kaŵiri kapena katatu pa ziwirikiti zazing'ono, kupatsa alimi ndalama zogulitsa monga chakudya.

Mwachitsanzo, programu yochirikizidwa ndi USAID ku Ethiopia inagaŵira mitundu ya chimanga chokhala ndi chilala kwa anthu ocheperapo 200,000. Alimi amene anatengera mbewu zimenezi anasimba kuti zikuwonjezeka ndi 30-50% poyerekezera ndi mitundu ya mwambo, ngakhale panthaŵi yautsi. Kuloŵerera koteroko kumafunikira kusungidwa kwa ndalama chifukwa chakuti kukonzanso mbewu kumafunika kusinthidwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi ndipo kuyenera kuphunzitsidwa za njira zabwino zobzala.

Kuphunzira Njira Zothandiza Kuti Nyengo Isamathe

Maprogramu a chithandizo chakunja amagogomezera kwambiri maphunziro ndi mautumiki owonjezera. Mmalo mwa kungopereka zinthu zothandizira, chithandizo chogwira mtima chimaphunzitsa anthu aang'ono mmene angagwiritsire ntchito bwino zinthuzo ndi m’njira zosungika zachilengedwe. Nkhani zimaphatikizapo ulimi wotetezera (mphini, kubzala), kuyang'anira tizilombo (IPM), kututa madzi, kuthirira, kuthirira, kudyetsa, ndi kuzungulira kwa mbewu.

Kuphunzitsa kumachitika kaŵirikaŵiri kudzera mu “sukulu zapamwamba” kapena zionetsero kumene anthu aang'ono amaphunzira mwa kuchita. Kufufuza kuchokera ku CGIAR (kale gulu lofufuza zaulimi pa International Agriculturation Research) kumasonyeza kuti maphunziro otere angapangitse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunikira ndi kuchepetsa kuwononga malo okhala. Njira zimenezi zimakulitsanso kulimba kwa nyengo pamene nyengo ikuwonjezereka.

Mabungwe Oteteza Maselo, ndi Ainshuwalansi

Kusoŵa kwa likulu kuli chopinga chosatha kwa anthu aang'ono. Sangagule mbewu, feteleza, kapena zipangizo zothirira, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri sakhoza kupeza ngongole zapabanki chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa kulinganiza. Thandizo lakunja limathandiza makampani a tizilombo tochepa, ongongoletsa ndalama zogwirizana ndi ulimi. Ndalama za m'matauni ndi makampani obwereketsa ndalama (VSL) ndi ntchito ina yofala, kumene magulu a a alimi amasunga ndalama ndi kubwereketsana ndalama pamtengo wochepa.

Maprogramu a zaulimi athandiza kufutukula ngongole kwa anthu aang'ono oposa 5 miliyoni m'chigawo cha Saharan Africa. Inshuwalansi ya m'malangizo . Kumene malipiro amayambitsidwa ndi makompyuta a nyengo mmalo mwa kufufuza kwa m'munda kwatsimikiziranso . Kutetezera alimi ku chilala chachikulu kapena kutayikiridwa kwa madzi, kuwalimbikitsa kuikiza m'mathiro apamwamba, owonjezereka.

Kupeza Malonda ndi Kuona Ndalama Kukhala Zamtengo Wapatali

Ngakhale pamene anthu ochepa atulutsa zotsala zambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi mavuto akugulitsa iko mopindulitsa. misewu yoipa, kusoŵa malo osungiramo zinthu, ndi odyerera akutanthauza kuti alimi amalandira ndalama zochepa chabe za mtengo womalizira wa malonda. chithandizo cha maiko akunja chimatchula mipeni imeneyi mwa kuchirikiza kumanga misewu ya m’midzi, makampani osungira zinthu, ndi makampani opanga zinthu zimene zimatulutsa zinthu ndi kukambirana ndi mawu abwinopo.

Makina a zamalonda a magetsi odziŵitsa za malonda (m'jere, mitengo ya mafoni am'manja) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za ulimi zawonjezekanso chifukwa cha chithandizo cha oyendetsa ndege obwerera kumbuyo. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la World Food Programme la “Fod Farm ku Marked Alliance” limagwirizanitsa anthu aang'ono ndi ogula amwambo, amalangiza bwino, ndi kupereka njira zosungira katundu zimene zimachepetsa katundu kuchokera pa 30% kufika pa 5%.

Maprogramu Enieni a Dziko ndi Chiyambukiro Chawo Choyelekezera

AGRA – Kagulu Kadziko Komwe Kasintha Zinthu Zaulimi

Chiyambire 2006, AGRA yakhala ikuthandiza mayiko 18 a mu Africa kusintha ulimi wa anthu ochepa kuchoka pa zinthu zina n'kukhala zamalonda. Ntchito yake imaphatikizapo kukulitsa mitundu ya mbewu zodyedwa kwambiri, kulangiza owonjezera, kuthandizira kupanga feteleza, ndi kulimbikitsa malo. Malinga ndi lipoti la chaka ndi chaka la AGRA, kuloŵerera kwake kwafika pa 30 miliyoni ya mabanja alimi ndipo kunathandiza kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwa 60 peresenti ya mbewu za chimanga m’madera ena ogwirira ntchito limodzi.

Otsutsa amanena kuti kugogomezera kwa AGRA mbewu zopangidwa ndi feteleza kungapangitse kudalirana ndi malo okhala. Mwakutero, gulu lasintha njira zogwirizanitsira nthaka ndi njira zothandizira kubereka. Komabe, nkhaniyi ikusonyeza mmene chithandizo chachilendo chingapitire patsogolo kwambiri pa luso lotsimikiziridwa ndi [1] ndi mmene kuyendetsa zinthu kuyenera kukhalira koyenerera kuti muthe kuthana ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka.

Pulogalamu Yapadera ya FAO Yosamalira Zakudya

FAO yakhala ikuyendetsa programme ya Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) kwa zaka makumi ambiri, kupatsa alimi ochepa m'mayiko oposa 100 thandizo la zomangamanga, zothandizira, ndi zamalonda. Programmeyi imagogomezera kulinganiza: anthu akumeneko amatchula mabotolo ndi njira zothandizira. Ku Bangladesh, maprojekiti a SPFS anaphunzitsa anthu aang'ono kulima ndiwo zamasamba m’nyengo ya mvula pogwiritsa ntchito mabedi owonjezera manda ndi madzi osefukira, kuwonjezera kuwonjezereka kwa madenderesi ndi kuwonjezera chakudya cha m’nyumba.

Kupima SPFS kumasonyeza phindu losasintha pakati pa mabanja okhala ndi phande 30-50%, limodzi ndi mitundu ya zakudya (makamaka ya Vitamin A ndi iron). Ndalama za programu pa nyumba iliyonse nzabwino kwambiri [1] Nthaŵi zambiri pa $200 [1] kuipangitsa kukhala njira yothandiza kwambiri.

Dyetsani Tsogolo Lanu – Zimene Boma la ku United States Lidzachite Kuyamba Padziko Lonse

Boma la United States Limadyetsa Zamtsogolo ndi limodzi la maprogramu aakulu koposa othandizira ulimi, ogwirira ntchito m'maiko 12. Kusintha kwake kumagwirizanitsa kutukuka kwa ulimi ndi chakudya, kulingana kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi, ndi kulimba kwa nyengo. Pakati pa 2010 ndi 2020, Kudyetsa Tsogolo kunachitika kuti lafika mabanja ang’ono oposa 23 miliyoni, kuchepetsa umphaŵi ndi 28% m’madera omwe amaukiridwa, ndi kuwonjezera ndalama mwa avareji ya $150 pachaka.

Ku yunivesite ya Ghana, kumene programu inapititsa patsogolo mitundu ya cowpea ndi dothi, limodzi ndi luso losungira zinthu pambuyo potuta. Anthu ochepa amene anatengera njira zimenezi anaona zokolola zawo zikutsika kuchokera pa 20% mpaka pa 5%, ndipo malonda awo anawonjezeka ndi 40%. Kuyesayesa kwawo kunachirikizanso magulu a ndalama zimene akazi anasunga kuti alimi azigula malo awo ndi kulipira ntchito paokha.

Mavuto Amene Amakhalapo Nthawi Zonse Ndiponso Chifukwa Chake Maprogramu Ena Sakuchitika

Kupereka Zosoŵa ndi Kubisika Kwachidule

Chimodzi cha zopinga zazikulu kwambiri ku chipambano cha kumaiko ena kwa anthu aang'ono ndicho kanthaŵi kochepa, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kodalira pa ntchito ya ndalama zambiri. Kawirikawiri ndalama zoperekedwa kwa zaka zambiri zimaloŵedwa mmalo ndi zinthu zatsopano zofunika, kusiyira alimi osapitiriza. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya zaka zisanu imene imaphunzitsa alimi zaulimi kukonza bwino zinthu zatsopano, koma ntchito ina yoyamba pambuyo pake kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina.

Akatswiri opanga zinthu zamakono afuna kuti ndalama zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaŵi yaitali .10 mpaka 15 zaka , kuti zigwirizane ndi nthaŵi imene imafunika kuti asinthe kwambiri ntchito zaulimi. Lipoti la 2021 kuchokera ku CD linanena kuti 15 peresenti yokha ya ntchito zaulimi ndiyo inali yothandiza pantchito zaka zoposa zisanu, chiŵerengero chimene chikufunika kukwera mofulumira.

Kulephera Kusintha Zandale ndi Ziphuphu

Maprogramu a chithandizo cha anthu ochepa kwambiri amagwira ntchito m'mayiko ena ofooka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kusagwirizana kumasokoneza zopereka, kuwononga nyumba zamakono, ndi malo olima. M'mayiko monga South Sudan, Yemen, ndi chigawo cha Sahel, chithandizo chakunja chiyenera kuperekedwa kudzera m'njira zangozi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti pakhale kusatukuka kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwa ulimi. Ziphuphu zimasokonezanso zinthu [1] mbewu ndi feteleza zimene alimi angagulitse m'misika yakuda kapena kugulitsidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma a m'dzikolo.

Kuti achepetse ngozi zimenezi, opereka ndalama amagwiritsira ntchito njira za “cash-plus”: kutumiza ndalama kwa alimi ndi maphunziro ndi makampani a malonda. Zimenezi zimachepetsa mipata ya ziphuphu (chifukwa chakuti ndalama zimene anthu akufuna kugula zimafika kwa ozilandira kudzera m'mafoni) ndipo zimapatsa alimi ufulu wosankha zinthu zawo.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo Kukuopsa

Ngakhale maprogramu okongola, oyendetsedwa bwino akulimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Chilala chochuluka ndi choopsa, madzi osefukira, ndi mafiti akuwononga mbewu ndi kugwetsa nthaka. Matenda ndi matenda zikufalikira m'madera atsopano. Anthu aang'ono, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amalima malo osungiramo mvula okhala ndi zopinga zochepa, ndi amene ali osavuta kuwonongeka kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha kumaiko akunja chimatsatira kutsatsa malonda a mitundu ya nyengo, njira zochenjezera mwamsanga, ndi ndalama zothandizira pa ngozi. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zaulimi n’kochepa kwambiri . Nthano ya ndalama zothandizira ulimi ndi yochepa kwambiri. World Bank imayerekezera kuti mayiko omatukuka amafunikira ndalama zokwana madola 70 biliyoni pachaka kuti asinthe nyengo, pamene kuthamanga kwamakono kuli kosakwana madola mabiliyoni 1.

Kudziwa Zomwe Zidzachitike M’tsogolo

Kugwirizana kwa Ndalama ndi Magulu Ampatuko Aumwini

Kuti athetse mpata wa ndalama, mabungwe opititsa patsogolo zinthu akufufuza ndalama zogwirizana . Kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha ndalama zothandizira ku makampani a zaulimi a anthu ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zothandizira zamalonda zoyendetsedwa ndi USAID zingalole banki ya zamalonda kuthandizira alimi pamlingo wa chiwongola dzanja. Madongosolo otero angawonjezere mphamvu ya ndalama za chithandizo chilichonse pamene akumanga misika yodzigulira ngongole.

Makampani a abulu akukulanso. Oyendetsa mafoni, makampani oyendera makompyuta, ndi zipangizo zojambula zithunzi za m'masatellite akuthandiza anthu monga mapu a dothi, kutulukira tizilombo, kutsimikizira kwa inshuwalansi . Kuthandiza kwa mayiko ena kukhoza kuchititsa kuti ntchito zimenezi zikhale zofunikira kwambiri, ndiyeno kusintha ku mafashoni a msika.

Kutenga Mbali m’Kulamulira ndi Kukhala Mlimi

Chikhoterero china chotsimikizirika ndicho kusintha kwa maluso a mlimi othandizira. Mmalo mwa “akatswiri ". Amalamula njira zothetsera vutolo, kufunsa anthu ndi kugwirizana kwa alimi amapatsidwa mphamvu yopanga zosankha pa zinthu, maphunziro, ndi zinthu zofunika kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri. Kutero kumawonjezera ntchito ndi kugula, kuchepetsa upandu wa kusiyidwa.

Kupambana kwa “Makonzedwe a Zakudya za Foming System ku Zambia, kochirikizidwa ndi UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, kukusonyeza mfundo imeneyi. Ofufuza anagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi anthu aang'ono kusiyanitsa zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndipo kenaka kuloŵerera kogwirizana: kuphunzitsidwa kuŵeta nkhuku m’mbali mwa programu ya munda. Projekitiyi inawona kutsika kwa ana ndi 14% m'midzi yotengamo mbali m'zaka zitatu.

Kuyenda Kwaunyamata ndi Kusokonekera kwa Makompyuta

Alimi ambiri ndi okalamba, omwe amakopa ndi kukonzekeretsa alimi achinyamata kuti apeze chakudya cha masiku ambiri. Maprogramu a chithandizo chakunja ayamba kuchititsa achinyamata kukhala ndi maphunziro a zaulimi, kulowa m'magawo aang'ono kudzera m'makampani opeputsa, ndi mautumiki a pafoni. Ku Nigeria, “Uth in Agriculture” programu, yochirikizidwa ndi African Development Bank , yopatsidwa mapale a digilamu a mbewu ndi alimi achinyamata 10,000, kuwagwirizanitsa ndi amalonda a pa Intaneti.

Kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndi mafoni akucheperachepera m’madera ena akumidzi, koma zimenezi zikusintha. Pamene kuchuluka kwa mafoni, kuphunzitsidwa kwa mafoni, kuneneratu za nyengo, ndi mautumiki a zachuma asintha n’kukhala othandiza kwambiri, ngati maprogramu othandizira akazi ndi mabanja osauka akuthandiza kuti azitha kupeza njira zoyendera.

Kumaliza – Aid Monga Kathayi, Osati Chochititsa Chidwi

Chithandizo chakunja sichingathetse mavuto onse amene alimi osalemera kwambiri angakumane nawo, ndiponso sichiyenera kuyambitsa kudalirana kwachikhalire. Maprogramu ogwira mtima kwambiri amagwira ntchito monga zosonkhezera [1] Kuthandiza likulu loyamba, chidziŵitso, ndi madongosolo amene amalola alimi kukhala odzidalira okha, otengamo mbali m'zachuma zamphamvu za m'dzikolo. Ngati achitidwa bwino, chithandizo chimachepetsa njala, chimawonjezera ndalama, ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kuti asasokonezeke m’tsogolo.

Umboni uli wowonekera bwino: Kupanga ndalama za alimi ang'onoang'ono kuli imodzi ya njira zapamwamba zopezera zoyambira Development Zolinga, makamaka Zero Interry (SDG 2) ndi No Poverty (SDG1. Kupambana kumafuna kuti andale zizisinthasintha, ndalama, ndi kudzipereka kuchititsa alimi kukhala omvera. Pamene zitsenderezo za nyengo zikuwonjezeka ndi anthu a padziko lonse akuchuluka, ntchito ya mayiko yothandiza anthu ang'onoang’ono idzakhala yaikulu. Mwa kupitiriza kuphunzira, kusintha, ndi kulinganiza ntchito zimene zikuchita, chitaganya cha padziko lonse chingathandize alimi aang'ono osunga chakudya kukhala opanga chakudya chakusungika ndi opambana onse.