Malo a zachuma (IP) n’ngosapeŵeka pa nkhani iliyonse yosonkhezeredwa ndi kukonza zinthu zatsopano, luso, ndi mtengo wa zinthu. Kuchokera ku nkhondo zopanga ndi luso lodula makompyuta kuzindikiritsa mikangano ya makampani a makampani ndi zolembedwa zachinsinsi pa ntchito zoyambirira, mikangano imeneyi imakhudza pafupifupi makampani onse. Pamene kukambirana ndi kutumiza ma apulaneti kungathetse mikangano yambiri popanda kuloŵetsedwa m'makhoti, maziko amphamvu a kuletsa kuukira boma ndi ofunika kwambiri. Nkhaniyi imathandiza kuti mabungwe azikhala osagwirizana. Chivomendecho chisamvako za malamulo alamulo, ndi kukhazikitsa zigamu za IP ndi kusunga umphumphu wa zinthu zatsopano. Nkhaniyi imathandiza kuti ntchito za anthu a pa chikhalidwe zikhale zosagwirizana.

Kumvetsetsa Kugaŵidwa kwa Chiŵeniŵeni m’Malo a Zinthu Apamwamba

Chilolezo chachiŵeniŵeni chimatanthauza njira yalamulo imene amapanga chigamulo chausilikali kapena juli . imathetsa mikangano pakati pa zigamulo zaumwini ponena za ufulu wawo, zoikidwiratu, kapena zopinga. M'bwalo la IP, mikangano imeneyi ingaphatikizepo zinenezo za kuphwanya, mafunso onena za kutsimikizirika kapena kuvomerezedwa kwa oyenera kapena chizindikiro, mikangano ya kukhala ndi mwini ndi wopanga zinthu, kapena kuswa mapangano achinsinsi ophimba zinsinsinsi za malonda. Mosiyana ndi milandu ya upandu, imene imabwera ndi boma ndipo ingatuluke ndi kulipira kapena kumangidwa, kufunsa kwa anthu ovulazidwa, kulamula kuti asiye kuphwanya malamulo, ndi kumasulira zoyenera zalamulo.

Kusiyana kwa Zigaŵenga m’Chilamulo cha IP

Kuphwanya malamulo kwa IP [1] Kuchepa kwambiri, monga ngati kupeka malamulo dala kapena kupeka zizindikiro zachinyengo. Komabe, kutsutsana kwakukulu kwa IP n’kwachibadwa. Muyezo wa chiwembu ndi umboni wosonyeza kuti zinthu zina zachitikadi (posachedwa), umene ndi wotsika kuposa malamulo osatsutsika. Kuletsa kwa boma kumapatsanso makhoti ambiri a mankhwala ogwirizana ndi mavuto a anthu: ziwonongeko za ndalama (zochitika, ndalama zotayika, kapena zotsatsa ndalama zachifumu), kulamula (kusoŵa kapena kusakhala kwachikhalire), ndipo m’nkhani zina kuphwanya malamulo kulipira kapena kulipira kwa oweruza milandu. Zimenezi zimachititsanso kuti makhoti aperekedwe a anthu kaamba ka ntchito yapamwamba ya zanzeru.

Masainikoshoni a Jurisional Frames ndi Makhoti a IP Opangidwa Mwapadera

Mu United States, milandu yopanga ndi yosankhika imagwera pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma, pamene chizindikiro ndi mikangano yachinsinsi ya malonda zingaperekedwe m'khoti la boma kapena la boma, malinga ndi zimene ananena. Mayiko ambiri akhazikitsa makhoti a IP apadera kapena magawano a makhoti a khoti a khoti lawo a kuweruza kuti asamalire ku luso la zopangapanga za milandu imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, United Kingdom’s Intectorive Inprisectiveal Compuntation Court (IC) imapereka chikalata cha ndalama zoyendera, pamene khoti la U. Apyringle ya Federal Frial Counting ikumva zikalata zonse zolozera. Mabungwe ameneŵa apadera abweretsa luso la zaukatswiri ndi zopanga makampani a IP. M'dziko Lonjezengo (WPO) limaperekanso mautumiki aumboni a zaumboni a zamwambo wa protectic . [FUd]

Kukongola kwa Malo Okhala ndi Malo Oonetsera M’kati mwa IP

Kutsutsa kwa anthu wamba ponena za chuma cha anthu ophunzira kumapitirizabe m'masitepe angapo osiyanasiyana, iriyonse yolinganizidwira kulinganiza nkhanizo, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyesa umboni, ndipo potsirizira pake kuthetseratu mkanganowo. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo olondola akusiyana ndi ulamuliro, kakonzedwe kake kamakhalabe kogwirizana kwambiri ndi malamulo wamba ndi malamulo a boma. Kumvetsetsa mbali zimenezi kumathandiza eni ake a ufulu ndi okhoza kupenda ndalama, ngozi, ndi mwaŵi wapadera wophatikizidwa.

Kupeka ndi Kutsogolera: Kuwongolera Mikangano

Mlandu umayamba pamene gulu la anthu lodzinenera kukhala lotsutsa kapena lofuna chilengezo cha zoyenera kapena kudandaula ndi khoti loyenerera. Kudandaulako kuyenera kukhazikitsa maziko alamulo a mlanduwo, zindikirani IP kumanja pa nkhani (m’chitsanzo, nambala yachilolezo, kulembetsa, kapena ntchito yolembedwa mwalamulo), ndipo machitidwe osonyeza kutsutsa kapena khalidwe lina lolakwika. Wozengedwayo kenaka amapanga yankho, kuyankha mlandu uliwonse ndi kukweza zitetezero zilizonse, monga zopanda pake, zopanda pake, kugwiritsira ntchito bwino, kapena zolembedwa zolungama. Mlaikirwayo angaperekenso makalata otsutsa otsutsa kapena otsutsa otsutsa kapena otsutsa.

Kupeza ndi Kusinthana Umboni

Kufufuza kuli mbali yaikulu ya nthaŵi ndi yokwera mtengo ya kukwaniritsa pangano lachiŵeniŵeni m'nkhani za IP. Mbali iliyonse ingapemphe mapepala, mafunso ofunsa, kuvomereza, ndi kutsatizana kwa mboni. M'nkhani zotsimikizirika, kusinthana kwa mapepala a luso ndi malembo, malongosoledwe, ndi mabukhu ofufuzira. Kutulukira kwa makompyuta (kubisa) kwakhala kofunika kwambiri, pamene magulu ayenera kutulutsa ma email, mauthenga amwamsanga, ndi njira zina za magetsi zimene zingavumbule umboni wa kuswa kapena kudziŵa IP kulondola. Nthaŵi zambiri zofunsira ndi zopimira kutulukira ndi kulinganiza. Chida chachikulu cha kumvetsera ndi “Marcman mu U. . . proclueugning, kumene khoti la kumasulira mawu a bwalo lamilandu lamilandu la kulongosola mfundo za kuwona kwa lamulo la kuwona kwa kuwona kwa kulakwa kwa IP. [FU.]

Zotsatirapo Zapatsogolo: Kuchepetsa Nkhanizo

Asanayeze, zipani zambiri zopanga madeti olinganizidwa kuthetsera mikangano ina kapena yonse popanda kufunika kwa kumvetsera kokwanira. Kuyendera kwa chiweruzo chachidule nkofunika kwambiri: ngati khotilo limagamula kuti palibe mkangano weniweni ponena za chenicheni chilichonse chakuthupi, woweruza anganene kuti mlandu uli ngati lamulo, kutha kwenikweni. Zochitika zina zofala za mayeso zimaphatikizapo kunyalanyaza chifukwa cha kulephera kuvomereza mawu, kusamutsira malo, njira zochotsera umboni waluso (Ntchito za m'makhoti za dziko la U.S.), ndi kutsata kwa limine kuchepetsa umboni wotsimikizirika. Luso lapamwamba la kulephera kulephera kwa zinthu pa kalambula bwalo la pulogalamu.

Kuzengedwa Mlandu ndi Kuweruzidwa

Ngati mlanduwo upitiriza kuzenga mlandu, mamembalawo amapereka umboni wawo ndi zigamulo zalamulo ku mlandu wa benchi kapena juli. Nthawi zambiri milandu ya IP imaphatikizapo umboni waluso pa kumangidwa, kutsutsidwa, kuwonongeka, ndi mkhalidwe wa luso lisanakhale. Kuzenga mlanduko kungayambire masiku angapo mpaka milungu ingapo, kudalira pa kuvuta kwake. Pamapetopo, khoti limatsutsa chigamulo chimene chingaphatikizepo kuphwanya kapena kulephera, kuyenerera kwa IP, ndi kukonza kwake.

Kukopa: Kufa Komaliza ndi Kupulupudza

Chigawo chimodzi ndi chimodzi chingapime chigamulo cha khoti lamilandu ku khoti lapamwamba. Zipimelo kaŵirikaŵiri zimalekezera ku mafunso a lamulo, osati chenicheni, kusiyapo ngati zopezedwa zenizeni za khoti laling'onozo zinali zolakwika. Ku United States, zikalata zachilolezo zambiri zimapita ku Khoti la Apilo la Federal , pamene kuli kwakuti chilolezo ndi zikalata zochonderera zimatsatira makhoti a dera. Kupilo kungakhale njira ya nthaŵi yaitali, koma zosankha za lamulo zofunika kwambiri, kupereka chitsogozo kaamba ka mikangano ya m’tsogolo ndi kuwongolera lamulo la IP.

Kufunika kwa Kuchepetsa Malo a Chiŵeniŵeni

Kukaniza anthu kumathandiza ntchito zambiri zimene sizingasinthidwe m'zachilengedwe cha IP. Popanda njira yodalirika yosungitsira, ufulu wokha woperekedwa kwa opanga, opanga, ndi mipukutu ingatayike mtengo wawo. Kukhoza kutsutsidwa sikuli chabe mankhwala a kuvulaza kwapapitapo.

Kulephera Kusintha Zinthu ndi Kulimbikitsa Kusintha

Makampani akakhala ndi lamulo loletsa kutengera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa ntchito zotetezeka. Ngati adziŵa kuti mwiniwake angapeze lamulo loyambirira loletsa ntchito kuswa kapena kubwezeretsa zowonongeka zambiri, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kuphatikizapo kufufuza ndi kupita patsogolo koyambirira mmalo mwa kutsata ndalama za ena. Motero kuchirikiza lamulo ndi malamulo kuchirikiza zolinga zopititsa patsogolo kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi luso la zopangapanga.

Njira Zothetsera Vutoli: Kusokonezeka Maganizo, Kuwonongeka, ndi Kusapindula

Makhoti a boma ali ndi nzeru zambiri zopangira mankhwala ogwirizana ndi mikhalidwe. Zoperekazo zoletsa zosakhalitsa ndi malamulo osatha kaŵirikaŵiri ndizo mankhwala ofunika kwambiri a eni IP chifukwa chakuti imaleka kudodometsa kopitirizabe m'njira zake. Malamulo amtundu wa zopereka amaphatikizapo [ zowonongeka zokhalapo (kutayikiridwa ndi mwini IP), kutaya phindu (pamene malonda a wogulitsayo akanakhala atabwerera kwa mwini IP), ndi [FLT:] kusoŵa kwabwino kwa ufumu [FLT:] (zimene maguluwo agwirizana ndi laisensiti). Zingaloledwe, kuwonongeka, kuwonjezera, kuwonjezera, kubwezera zolakwika.

Kukhazikitsa Lamulo la AIP Lokhala ndi Malingaliro Oyenera

Chigamulo chilichonse chofalitsidwa cha boma chimathandizira ku lamulo la IP la zopereka limene limatsogolera mayendedwe a mtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, zosankha pa kuyenera kwa kusanthula (m., [[FLT: 0]] Liceedia [] kuyesa makompyuta aŵiri ovomerezedwa ndi boma kapena kugwiritsa ntchito bwino popanga mapulogalamu (m'b., kugwiritsira ntchito kosintha kachitidwe kofufuza [FLT:] Google v. ]) kukhazikitsa zipusikirizo zimene zimayambukira mafakitale onse. Chifukwa chake kukambirana kwachiku sikungothetsa kokha mkangano wapasawanya (m. "It , imaonetsanso mfundo zomveka zimene zimachepetsa kusatsimikizirika kwa mtsogolo. [FLT:] Information Institutes Information IPFF]

Mavuto ndi Kulingalira za Kusuta Kwachiŵeniŵeni kwa IP

Ngakhale kuti pali mbali yaikulu, kuganiziridwa kwa anthu kwa mikangano ya IP kumakumana ndi mavuto aakulu amene angafooketse mphamvu yake, makamaka kwa oseŵera aang’ono ndi m’malo ozungulira malire.

Kukwera mtengo ndi Kupitiriza

Kupeka kwa IP kuli kokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kutulukira, mboni zaluso, ndi njira zamwambo zingaloŵere mosavuta m'madola mamiliyoni ambiri kuti apeze mlandu. Makampani aang'ono ndi opangidwa ndi ang'ono angapeze kuti n’kovuta kusungitsa ufulu wawo, ngakhale ngati kuyenera kwawo n’kolimba. Kulimbana kumeneku kungatsogolere ku zinthu zoyendetsedwa ndi chuma m’malo mwa malamulo. Zoyesayesa za kutchula za kutchula njira zochepetsera zochepetsera ufulu wa anthu, ngakhale kuti kukhoza kwawo n’kolimba. Ofesi ya U. Office ingatsogolere ndi mfundo zapamwamba za m'mabwalo apamwamba a ULTC mu UK.

Kucholoŵana kwa Umisiri ndi Mbali ya Umboni Waluso

Mkangano wa IP kaŵirikaŵiri umafuna kuti bwalo lamilandu limvetsetse bwino za sayansi, luso, kapena luso. Oweruza ndi oweruza opanda maphunziro apadera ayenera kudalira kwambiri mboni zodziŵa mawu, kutsutsa, ndi mkhalidwe wa luso lakale. Ntchito yosunga zipata za bwalo. Ntchito yoyang'anira khoti . Kupereka umboni waluso n’kodalirika ndi kofunika kwambiri. Khoti lapamwamba la U.S. chosankha chapamwamba mu [FL:] . Merrectablev Doctureuticals [[[FFF:] ndi mlandu wotsatira wapereka mlandu waukulu kwa akatswiri odziŵa bwino, koma ukuwonjezera chidutswa cha kucho. M'mbali zina, kugwiritsira ntchito [FT.FFF: FT /3]

Kukakamiza ndi Kulimbana ndi Kulimbana ndi Mlandu

Kuyenera kwa katundu kochepa kuli dera, koma kuswa malamulo kaŵirikaŵiri kumapitirira mayiko ambiri. Chiwiya chimodzi chingapangidwe m'dziko lina, kugulitsidwa m'dziko lina, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu ya pulogalamu yopangidwa ku mbali imodzi. Kugwirizana kwa nzika m'dziko limodzi sikungapereke chothetsera ntchito kumaiko akunja. Pamene kuli kwakuti mapangano onga TRIPS Augnition ndi Msonkhano wa Paris wokhazikitsa miyezo yocheperapo, njira zosungitsira zimakhala zogawidwa. Malonda . Malo / kumene mapulogalamu amasankha mlingo wabwino kwambiri ku zimene akufuna. Malo a mitundu yonse monga kuletsa ndi WIPOtion angapereke njira yogwirizana ya mikangano yamitundu yambiri, koma zimenezi zimafuna kuti anthu avomereze. [FL:]

Kulimbana Komwe Kulipo: Kugamulapo, Kulamula, ndi Kuweruza Kwaumwini

Kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kuchedwa kwa kubwezera, mikangano yambiri ya IP imathetsedwa mwa chigamulo china cha mkangano (ADR). Mediation, kumene woyang'anira wosaloŵerera amathandiza anthu kukambirana, angasunge maunansi a bizinesi ndi kupanga zothetsera zimene silingalamulire. Kusintha, kumene woyang'anira wachinsinsi amatsutsana ndi chosankha chokakamiza, amapereka malamulo, kusinthasintha, ndi kugamula mofulumira. Mafakitale ena nthaŵi zonse amaphatikizapo malamulo oletsa mapangano auve. Komabe, ADR siingakhale yoyenerera pamene gulu likufuna chigamulo chapo kapena pamene chithandizo cha mwamsanga. Chiŵeruzo ndi ADR chimapereka malamulo ogwirizana m’malo mwakuti angogwirizana; makhoti ongo ongowonjezera kapena ngakhale opereka chikalata cha nyuzipepala za .

Zomwe Zachitika Posachedwapa ndi Kuzungulira kwa Malo

Kulimbana kwa maIP kunachititsa kuti anthu asinthe n’kuyamba kusintha pa nkhani za luso la zopangapanga, zamalonda, ndiponso zauchigawenga.

Luso Lopanga ndi Kupanga IP

Madongosolo a maphunziro a AIP ndi makina amadzutsa mafunso atsopano ponena za kutulukira, kulemba, ndi kuswa. Makhoti akuyamba kulimbana ndi ngati ntchito zopangidwa ndi Al zingavomerezedwe ndi kaya kuphunzitsidwa kwa Al kukuswa. Makhotiwa adzayesa malire a malamulo a IP amene alipo ndi kufuna kuti anthu adziwitse. Zosankha zoyambirira, monga ngati U.S. Ofesi ya Comcroistration kukana kulembetsa AIN-gener popanda kulemba kwa munthu, chizindikiro chakuti makhoti adzachita mbali yaikulu m'kumasulira IP m'nyengo ya AIP.

Kusintha ndi [[FLT: 0] Licee

Chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu cha 2014 mu Chigamulo cha kuwonjezera ku KGB. CLS Bank [1], makhoti a U.S. awononga mapulogalamu ambiri ndi njira zamalonda monga zongoyerekezera. Kukayikira kumene kwachititsa kuti anthu ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za ufulu wa kulimba, ndi makhoti a boma akuswa malamulo. Federal dera ndi Supreme Court ikupitiriza kuyeretsa masitepe aŵiri Alicce, ndi kuyesa kwachiŵerengo kumakhalabe malo aakulu ochitira mapangano ofufuza milandu ameneŵa.

Kugulitsa Malonda ndi Kupha Anthu pa Intaneti

Kukula kwa ikomyunizimu ndi makompyuta a anthu kwawonjezera mipata ya kupotoza ndi kupeputsa. Makhoti ayenera kugwiritsira ntchito kupenda kwamwambo kwa kusakasakaniza kwa zinthu zatsopano, monga kusatsatsa dzina lapadera, mikangano ya malo, ndi kutsatsa malonda. Kugwirizana kwa nzika kumawonjezeranso makompyuta pansi pa FCF Covernve-Resolution Policy (UDRP) ndi njira zina zofanana, zimene zimapereka njira ya kutsatsata dzina la dzina la malo, ndi kutsatsatsa malonda a . Ziganizo zimapanga makhoti a kunja kwa makhoti a mwambo.

Kugula Zinthu ndi Kusintha kwa Zinthu

A Patrant Patrant yapast yakhala ndi milandu yolembedwa m'mbiri m'zigawo zodziŵika kaamba ka malamulo aubwenzi ndi madoko othamanga kwambiri . Chosankha cha Bwalo Lapamwamba mu TC Heartland v. Kraft Foods chimaikidwa ndi malire ku boma la kuloŵetsa kapena kumene woimbidwa mlanduyo ali ndi malo abizinesi okhazikika ndi okhazikitsidwa, kuchepetsa kugula zinthu. Chiyambukiro cha kusinthaku chikupitirizabe kusewera m'lipigi, ndi kusintha kwa anthu monga malamulo a proclatedrugation.

Kumaliza

Chilolezo cha boma chidakali maziko a kutsutsana kwa akatswiri otsutsa zinthu. Chimapereka njira yalamulo, yaumboni yoperekera ufulu wa IP, kuchititsa minkhole ya kukanidwa, ndi kulongosola malire a ufulu wa munthu. Ngakhale kuli kwakuti pali ndalama zambiri ndi kucholoŵana kwake, palibe njira ina yothandiza, mankhwala ogwirizana, ndi chitsanzo chapoyera chimene makhoti a boma amapereka. Pamene makhoti a boma akupereka ufulu wa IP ndi malonda apadziko lonse akuyambitsa mavuto atsopano, ntchito ya oweruza, jull, ndi mabungwe a akatswiri a za malamulo idzakula kwambiri. Kwa akatswiri opanga, opanga zinthu, ndi mabizinesi ofuna kuteteza katundu wawo, kuzindikira njira za boma, siziri zofunika kwenikweni kupanga zosankha zodziŵira zinthu zanzeru, zamalonda, zamalonda, ndi zokambirana za kukambirana.