Mmene Anthu Amagwiritsira Ntchito Mantha Polimbana ndi Otsutsa Opikisana ndi Andale

Mmene Anthu Amagwiritsira Ntchito Mantha Polimbana ndi Otsutsa Opikisana ndi Andale

Kufufuza kopotoka kumaimira chimodzi cha ziŵiya zonyenga kwambiri m'ndale zamakono. Mosiyana ndi kufufuza kwa malingaliro ovomerezeka kumene kumakopa malingaliro a anthu, kukakamiza kufufuza kwalinganizidwira kusonkhezera ovota ndi ofufuza osawona, kaŵirikaŵiri onama, chidziŵitso chokhala ngati chiganizo cha funso. Sali zida zofufuzira. Kumvetsetsa mmene zimagwira ntchito, chifukwa chake n’zothandiza, ndipo chimene chingachitidwe kuti athetsere malingalirowo nkofunika kwa wosankha aliyense amene akufuna kupanga zosankha zodziwitsa pa bokosi la bolot.

Nkhani ino ikupereka kusanthula kokulira kwa kufufuza kokakamiza: mbiri yawo, maluso a maganizo amene amagwiritsira ntchito, malire alamulo ndi makhalidwe amene amayesa, ndi chiyambukiro chenicheni cha dziko chimene amakhala nacho pa masankho. Podzafika mapeto, mudzakhala wokonzekeretsedwa bwinopo kuona kupenda kokakamiza ndi kutetezera chiweruzo chanu kuchokera ku zochita zachiphamaso zimenezi.

Kodi Tsoka Lopotoza Anthu N’lotani Kwenikweni?

Kufufuza kokakamiza ndiko njira imene woimba telefoni (kaŵirikaŵiri) amafunsa mafunso angapo amene kwenikweni ali olinganizidwira kusonkhezera lingaliro la wotsutsayo, osati kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso. Mafunsowo ali ndi ndemanga zotsutsa kapena zosokeretsa ponena za wobatizidwa, zotchulidwa m’njira yongoyerekezera kapena yopeka. Mwachitsanzo: “Ngati mudziŵa kuti Candiate Smith wafufuzidwa chifukwa cha ziphuphu, kodi zimenezo zingakuchititseni kukhala wosathekera kwambiri kumvotera?

Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Legitimate, mosiyana, amagwiritsira ntchito mawu osaloŵerera, zitsanzo zongoyerekezera, ndi njira zoonekera. Mafunso anapangidwa kuyesa kuyerekezera malingaliro popanda kuwasonkhezera. Kufufuza kwa makampani kungasokoneze dala lingaliro limeneli. Woitanayo anganene kuti ndi wochokera ku kampani yovomerezeka yofufuza kapena yunivesite, koma cholinga chenicheni ndicho kuipitsa wotsutsana naye. Malinga ndi American Association for Public Opinion Research (APOR), kufufuza kosonkhezera ndiko “kuyesa kapena kusintha lingaliro la woyankha pansi pa kupenda kovomerezeka. Mafotokozedwe ameneŵa ndi ofunika kwambiri kusiyanitsa kusanthula kwa kufufuza kwa pa kufufuza kwachidziwonetse.

Mbiri ndi Zitsanzo Zochititsa Chidwi

Kufufuza kochitidwa kwakhalako kwa zaka makumi ambiri, koma kugwiritsira ntchito kwake kwawonjezereka ndi kukwera kwa matelefoni otsika ndi ochitidwa mwa injini. Chimodzi cha zitsanzo zoyambirira zoipitsitsa chinachitika pa 2000 Republican pulezidenti wamkulu. Voters ku South Carolina analandira maina ofunsa, “Kodi mungakhale mothekera kwambiri kuvotera John McCain ngati munadziŵa kuti anabala mwana wakuda wakuda?” Funsolo linaika mchenjeze wankhanza ndi wonama ponena za mwana wamkazi wolandiridwa wa McCain kuchokera ku Bangladesh. Mafoniwo anapezeka ku kampani yogwirira ntchito George W.

Mlandu wina wapamwamba unachitika pa chisankho cha 2008. Makampani ofufuza analandira mayeso okakamiza kuti Barack Obama anali Msilamu amene anakana kunena Chilolezo cha Allegiance ndi kuti mkazi wake Michelle anagwiritsira ntchito mawu akuti “White” m’nkhani ya tchalitchi. Palibe chinenezo chimodzi chomwe chinali choona, koma kufufuza kokakamizako kunathandiza kukhazikitsa nkhani zabodza zimene zinapitirizabe m'masankho.

M'chaka cha 2016, kufufuza kokakamiza kunayang'aniridwa ndi Hillary Clinton ndi mafunso ponena za ma email ake, Benghazi, ndi thanzi, kaŵirikaŵiri zonena zosatsutsidwa. Mkupiti wa Donald Trump unaloŵetsedwanso m’kukakamiza kufunsira otsutsa onga Ted Cruz ndi Marco Rubio mkati mwa mapulatifomu. Posachedwapa, kukakamiza kufufuza kwagwiritsiridwa ntchito m'mafuko a kumaloko, masankho, ndipo ngakhale mpikisano wa zamalamulo, ndi kuyang’anira pang’ono kwambiri oulutsa nkhani.

Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti kukakamiza anthu kuchita kafukufuku si njira yosiyana kwambiri ndi imeneyi, ndipo zimenezi ndi mbali yaikulu ya ndawala zamakono zoipa zimene anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndiponso magulu ambiri a anthu a mbali zitatu.

Mmene Kupotoza Kumagwira Ntchito: Njira Zogwirira Ntchito

Kufufuza kokakamiza kumadalira pa njira zingapo zomvetsera bwino.

Kuumba Koipa

Chinsinsi cha kufufuza kulikonse kuli kutsutsana ndi kuipidwa. Funso limayamba ndi mfundo imene imawononga munthu amene akuifuna: “Kodi mungavote kuti atenge X ngati mukudziŵa kuti anasankha kukweza misonkho? Ngakhale ngati yankho la “ayi,” mbewu ya kukayikira yabzalidwa. Kungoona chinenezocho kumapangitsa kuti munthu wovotayo apeze nzeru kwambiri pamene apanga chosankha. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chodziŵika cha kuvomereza kwa

Kubisa Kapena Kunama

Kufufuza kokakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chosadziŵika bwino, chimene chimapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuyang'ana. Angalozere ku “mbiri” yakuti wobatizidwa “angakhale adachita chisembwere. Ena amagwiritsira ntchito mabodza . Mkati mwa nyengo za 2010, kukakamiza kufufuza m'maiko angapo kunanena monama kuti oyembekezera kufa kwa democratic adachirikiza“ malo a imfa" kapena anafuna kudulako. Kunyenga kunali kuyambitsa vuto la malingaliro.

Ena amakakamiza kufunsa “manyazi kufunsa njira ya dala, pamene woimba telefoniyo amadziyesa kukhala wamanyazi ponena za kudzutsa nkhaniyo. “Ndikupepesa kuti ndifunse funsoli, koma kodi kungakuvutitseni kudziŵa kuti Candidete Jones ali ndi mbiri yaupandu? ”? Kuzengedwa kwachizembera kumeneku kumapangitsa chinenezocho kuwoneka kukhala chomveka kwambiri chifukwa chakuti woitanayo akuwoneka kukhala wosatenga mbali m’gulu lotsutsa mfundo zosakondweretsa.

Chinenero cha Malingaliro

Mawu onga [[FLT: 0] corpect , n’ngoopsa, , [[FLT:] ndi] fumbata ndi sulipiringizo], , [[FLT]]] ] ['i] kukwiyitsa ndalama zolandiridwa ndi oloŵa m’manja] n’zofala. Mafunso amachitidwa mwaluso kudzutsa mantha, mkwiyo, kapena kunyansidwa kumene kuli kogwirizana ndi malingaliro. Kufufuza kungafunse, “kukwiyitsani kukwiyitsa ndalama zolandiridwa ndi olandira kwa oloŵa ntchito polimbana ndi mavotiwo? Kudzisanthula kwa kulakwako kuwona kuti kuli kulondola.

Funso la “Kuchuluka Koŵiri”

Njira ina yofala ndiyo kufunsa mafunso aŵiri, omwe amaphatikiza nkhani ziŵiri zosiyana kukhala chosankha chimodzi. Mwachitsanzo: “Kodi mumachirikiza makonzedwe a Green okweza misonkho ya katundu ndi kuchepetsa ndalama za apolisi? Wovota amene amatsutsa msonkho amawonjezera ndalama angamve mbali yachiŵiri ndi kukana kotheratu, ngakhale kuti mawuwo ali onama kapena opotoka. Funsolo limasintha yankho mwa kuwonjezera nkhani ziŵiri zosiyana.

“ Brush moto” Kuitana ndi Volyumu

Kufufuza kopotoletsa kaŵirikaŵiri kumachitika mu “mkupiti wa moto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Makina Othandiza Anthu Kuganiza: Chifukwa Chake Amawasonkhezera Kuipitsa Zinthu

Ngakhale kuti anthu amasinthasintha zinthu motsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo, anthu ambiri amafufuza zinthu motsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo.

Kungomva Zochita

Chiyambukiro cha kuwonedwa chabe chimasonyeza kuti anthu amakulitsa kukonda zinthu zimene amaonera mobwerezabwereza. Pamene kufufuza kokakamiza kubwereza mawu oipa kambirimbiri [1] ngakhale ngati wovotayo akana zimenezo n’kukhala wozoloŵereka kwambiri ndipo wokhulupirira kwambiri. Nchifukwa chake kuumiriza zilembo zofufuzira kaŵirikaŵiri kumafunsa funso limodzimodzilo m’njira zosiyanasiyana kapena kutsatira ndi “Kodi muli wotsimikiza?” kugogomezera uthengawo.

Chiyambukiro Chachowonadi Chonyenga

Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti mawu obwerezabwereza ali othekera kuonedwa kukhala owona, mosasamala kanthu za kulondola kwawo kwenikweni. Kufufuza kwa makampani kumagwiritsira ntchito ichi mwa kutsutsa kotsutsana kopambanitsa kwakuti ovota angamvenso kuchokera ku magwero ena. Kubwerezabwereza, limodzi ndi ulamuliro wowonekera wa “kunenera,” kungapange chinyengo champhamvu cha chowonadi.

Kupanga ndi Kukhoma

Mmene funso limapangidwira kwenikweni kuumba yankho. Mwa kuimika funso ndi lingaliro loipa, wovotayo amakakamiza wovotayo kulingalira za wopikisanayo m’lingaliro loipa limenelo. Ngakhale ngati wovotayo sakugwirizana ndi mfundoyo, kuyesayesa kwamaganizo kofunikira kutsutsa kungachititse kukayikira kokhalako. Zimenezi zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri makamaka ndi osankha ochepa amene alibe lingaliro lamphamvu lokhala ndi moyo.

Kulimbana ndi Moto ndi Kulimbana Nawo

Mokondweretsa, kuyesa kuchotsa mabodza kumbuyo kungachititse mabodza ena kulephera. Chiyambukiro cha moto [[FLT: 0] chimafotokoza mmene anthu angakhomerere kwambiri m'zikhulupiriro zonama pamene aperekedwa ndi chidziŵitso chowongolera. Zimenezi zimapanga kufufuza kochenjera kwambiri: pamene chinenezo chonyenga chaikidwa, ngakhale zowongolera zowona mtima zingakulitse chivulazo.

Chiyambukiro pa Zosankha ndi Zopanga

Umboni wosonyeza kuti kufunsira kokakamiza n’kothandiza kwambiri n’kosiyana, koma opanga kampani ambiri amakhulupirira kuti amagwira ntchito.

Kufufuza kokakamiza kulinso ndi chiyambukiro chokulira pa malo odziŵira. Kupangitsa kusuliza kwa anthu ndi kusakhulupirira. Ofufuza okakamiza angakhale osakhoza kuyankha mayeso ovomerezeka, kuchepetsa mtundu wa kufufuza. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti kukakamiza kufufuza kumasintha anthu ofufuza, iwo angawonjeze kulinganizika m’madera ampikisano.

Ndiponso, kufufuza kokakamiza kungaumbe mmene oyembekezera kuchitidwa ndi ofalitsa nkhani. Ngati kufufuza kokakamiza kufalitsa mphekesera zabodza, atolankhani angakakamizike “kufufuza mwaluso”, kuchititsa kufalitsidwa kwa mawu oipitsa kwambiri. Wofuna kubatizidwayo amakakamizidwa kuyankha bodza, kusintha kayendedwe ka nkhani kukhala kutetezera khalidwe lawo mmalo mwa kukambitsirana za lamulo.

Kuwononga Kusintha Kwake

Ngakhale ngati kufufuza kokakamiza kunavumbulidwa pambuyo pake, kuwonongeka kwa mbiri ya wofuna kubatizidwayo kungakhale kokhalitsa. Mu 2000, John McKain sanathe kugwedeza “mwana wakuda wotsala [1] kugwiritsa ntchito polemba, ngakhale atapambana. Zonamazo zinapitirizabe kuzungulira pa Intaneti ndi m'mikupiti yongolira. Mu 2004, kukakamiza kufufuza ku West Virginia ndi mayiko ena kunapereka lingaliro lakuti John Kerry adanama ponena za utumiki wake wa ku Vietnam, kudyetsa gulu la Swift Board Veteran kaamba ka choonadi chokambirana zimene zinamchititsa nkhondo yake.

Kuipitsa mbiri ya anthu kumakulitsidwa chifukwa chakuti nthaŵi zambiri ofufuza okakamiza amakakamiza ofufuza asanaponye mavoti awo a chisankho (pa tsiku la chisankho) kapena pa nthaŵi yovota. Wovotayo alibe nthaŵi yokwanira yofufuza zimene akunena, ndipo kukumbukira kuitanirako kungachititse kuti asankhe zochita.

Nkhaŵa ndi Malamulo

Malinga ndi lingaliro la makhalidwe abwino, kukakamiza kufufuzidwa kumatsutsidwa pafupifupi kulikonse ndi mabungwe ofufuza aukatswiri. AAPOR yapereka zitsogozo zomveka: “Kufufuza koyenera sikuli kuyesayesa kusonkhezera malingaliro a anthu. [1] Gululo limalimbikitsa kuti lipereke malamulo amene amafuna kuvumbulidwa kwa bungwe lopereka ndalama zopangira kafukufuku, kotero kuti ovotawo angapende magwero ake. Komabe, lamulo nlodetsedwa.

Malo a Malamulo

Malamulo a boma saletsa mwachindunji kuchititsa anthu kufufuza, koma maboma ambiri ayesapo kukhazikitsa malamulo ake.

• California ifuna kuti kufufuza kulikonse kwa ndale zadziko kotayitsa $500 kulembetsedwe ndi Mlembi wa Boma ndipo kuyenera kuphatikizapo kubisa kuti kulipidwe ndani.
• Florida [FLT :1] ndi [FLT :2] Minnesota [1] Malamulo ofuna kukakamiza ofunsira kutchula wothandizira ngati kusanthulako kukambitsirana mbiri ya wofunsirayo.
• New Hampshire [1] ili ndi lamulo limene limaletsa “kusanthula kwachinsinsi ” monga momwe limafotokozera lamulo limene limafuna kuvumbulidwa kwa bungwe lopereka chiitano ndi kuletsa kugwiritsira ntchito chinenero cholinganizidwa ku“ kuvutitsa, kuvutitsa, kapena kunyenga.

Komabe, kukakamiza kochuluka kumachitidwa ndi APAC kapena magulu odziimira okha amene amagwira ntchito m'madera a mayeso. Oimba alendo anganene kuti ndi ochokera ku “gulu lofufuzanso” popanda kuvumbula wochirikiza weniweniyo. Zochita zokakamiza n’zosoŵa, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri chilango n’chochepa pochiyerekezera ndi mtengo wa kuyendetsa mkupiti.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) imalamulira maoda ofufuza, koma kufufuza kokakamiza kumene kumagwira ntchito oimba alendo sikumaletsedwa. Ngakhale kufunsira kochitidwa ndi opangidwa kwa galimoto kungakhale kololedwa ngati agwirizana ndi TCPA (Chilamulo cha Telephone Consumer Protection Act) malamulo .

Kusintha kwa Maindasitale

Makampani ofufuza achitapo kanthu mwa kulimbikitsa njira zoonekera bwino ndiponso zabwino kwambiri. Mabungwe a AAPOR Transparection amafuna kuti mabungwe aulule njira zawo, kuphatikizapo amene anapereka ndalama zofufuzira pulogalamuyo komanso mmene inayendetsera. Mabungwe ofufuza zinthu kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo mawu monga akuti “Ichi ndi kufufuza kwenikweni kwa [dzina lakunja] ndipo mayankho anu adzakhala chinsinsi. Ngati foniyo siiphatikizapo kuonekera bwino kwa munthu, ndi mbendera yofiira.

Bungwe la American Association of Political Concensers (AAPC) lili ndi malamulo oletsa kufalitsa nkhani zabodza modziwa.

Mmene Mungadziŵire ndi Kutsutsa Mavuto Opotoka

Kumvetsa zimene anthu amafufuza n’kofunika kwambiri kuti agonjetse zolinga za anthu amenewa, ndi njira zochitira zinthu monga kuvota, atolankhani, ndi makampani.

Zopanga

• Musamakhulupirire kufufuza kulikonse kumene kumayamba ndi funso lolemera. Ngati funsolo liphatikizapo kupeka kapena zinenezo zongoyerekezera, mwachionekere ndi kufufuza kokakamiza.
• Funsani woitanayo kaamba ka tsatanetsatane. Ndani amene akutsogoza kusanthulako? Ndani amene akukuchirikiza? Wofufuza wovomerezedwa adzapereka chidziŵitso chomveka. Wochititsa foniyo kaŵirikaŵiri adzapatuka kapena kuthaŵa.
• Musayankhe mafunso. Munganene kuti, “Sindili ndi phande m'kufufuza kumene kumagwiritsira ntchito mafunso olakwika," ndi kupachika.
• tchuliro chakukayikira [[FLT :1] ku komiti ya chisankho kapena loya wamkulu wa boma lanu. Mayiko ena ali ndi majeremusi otentha ochitira lipoti mayeso okakamiza.
• Chezani mawebusaiti ofufuza choonadi ofanana ndi FactCkeck org kapena Politifact ngati mukumva chinenezo chodabwitsa ponena za wofuna kuloŵa. Kaŵirikaŵiri, mawu ozokotawo adachotsedwa kale.

Kwa Atolankhani ndi Ofufuza Zenizeni

Mabungwe oulutsira nkhani ayenera kukhala atcheru kuti apereke lipoti la mafoni achilendo. Ovota akanena za malo amene achokera ndi kuvumbula kuyesayesa kwawo. Ofufuza ayenera kuyang'anira zonena za kufunsira ndi kulimba mofanana ndi kusatsa malonda a mkupiti. Mfungulo njakuti peŵeni kubwereza mawu onamawo popanda mawu apatsogolo; mmalo mwake, simbani za njirayo.

Kaamba ka Mkupiti

Anthu amene amafufuzidwa pa Intaneti ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga ndiponso mwachindunji.

• Nkhani yosonyeza kukakamizako ndi kumene kuyenera kuchokera.
• Vidiyo kapena mawu otsutsa mfundo zabodzazo.
• Akufuna kuti womenyana naye aone kuti njira yake ndi yoipa.
• Pempho lakuti ovota alembere mafoni kapena kuwapereka kwa akuluakulu a boma.

Mkupiti ungagwiritsirenso ntchito wovota wake kutsutsa mfundo zonama. Ngati wovota aitanidwa ndi funso lakufufuza lokhudza “msonkho,” ndawala ingatsate ndi foni kapena wotumiza amene amawongolera nyuzipepala. Koma njira imeneyi ya chivomerezo njamtengo wapatali ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri imachedwa.

Tsogolo la Kuwononga Zinthu Panyengo ya Chiŵerengero cha Masamu

Pamene kusatsa malonda kwandale kukusintha n’kukhala kwatsopano. “Mafukufuku a Phous” ayamba kufala, monganso kutsatsa malonda a pa Intaneti otsatsa malonda osonyeza zinthu zoipa zimene anthu amanena. Mwachitsanzo, wotsatsa malonda wa Facebook angafunse kuti, “Kodi mukuvomereza kuti malamulo a Candite Johnson ndi onyanyira? Uku ndi kufufuza kochititsa chidwi kumene kumafika kwa anthu ambirimbiri amene amasankha omvetsera.

Makinawa ndi ovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito makompyutawa pofufuza zinthu. Akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo ting’onoting’ono kuti azitha kufalitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopakapaka.

Luntha lopanga lingaipitsitse vuto. Kutsekereza mawu kwa AI kungachititse mapendedwe onyenga kwambiri a mtsogolo [1] Mawu amene amamveka ngati bwenzi lodalirika kapena thanki ya nyuzi yakwanuko imene ikufunsa funso lolemera. Malamulo a makhalidwe abwino adzafunikira kukonzedwanso pamene luso la zopangapangapanga likupita patsogolo. Akatswiri ena aitanira kaamba ka chiletso cha boma pakukakamiza kusanthula, koma nkhaŵa zaufulu ndi kuvuta kulongosola kachitidweko kumapangitsa chiletso chimenecho kukhala chosatheka m’nthaŵi yapafupi.

Kumaliza

Kufufuza kokakamiza ndi njira yosagwirizana ndi yolakwika imene imafooketsa umphumphu wa demokalase ya masankho. Amagwiritsira ntchito kukondera kwa maganizo, kufalitsa nkhani zonama, ndi kuipitsa mbiri . Ngakhale kuti n’kovuta kuchotsa zonse, kusamala kuli chitetezo champhamvu. Ofufuza amene angaone zizindikiro za kukakamiza kugalukira sangakhale okhoza kusonkhezeredwa ndi iwo. Atolankhani ndi apolisi ayenera kukhalabe maso povumbula mikupiti yonyenga imeneyi.

Pomalizira pake, mankhwala okakamiza kujambula ndi osankhidwa olinganizidwa bwino amene amafuna kuonekera bwino ndi kuwona mtima kuchokera ku ndawala. Mwakumvetsetsa mmene mapendedwe amagwirira ntchito, tingatetezere bwino lomwe kupanga kwathu zosankha ndi kutsimikizira kuti masankho amagamulidwa ndi mfundo ndi makambitsirano a lamulo, osati mwa kupotoza.

[[FLT : 0] kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, onani malangizo a [FLT] pa kukakamiza kusanthula , FactCcop.org kufotokoza kwa kufufuzira , ndi kufufuza kotsatira