Chiyambi: Kukwera kwa Malo Ogwirira Ntchito a Copango ndi Osintha Zinthu

Pa zaka khumi zapitazi, ntchito ndi malo atsopano asintha kuchokera ku malo ena ogwirira ntchito mmalo a ntchito. Malo osinthasintha ameneŵa, tsopano ali ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a malonda, ogula, antchito akutali, ndi mabizinesi aang'ono. Mliri wa CHOVID [1] unawonjezera kusintha kumeneku mwa kupanga ntchito yachibadwa ndi ya ziwiri, ndipo antchito ambiri tsopano amafuna kuti anthu azikhala ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito amene akupereka. Malinga ndi lipoti [[FLT: 0], STATIstasta , chiŵerengero cha malo ogwirira ntchito ochepera 2,000 padziko lonse lapansi chinakula kuchokera pa anthu ochepera pa 35,000 mu 2013 kufika pa 205,000, ndipo kukwera kwa nyengoyo.

Pamene kuli kwakuti kugula malonda kuli kwamphamvu, malamulo a boma ndi a kumaloko amachita mbali yaikulu mofananamo m'kusankha kumene mipando imeneyi ingayendere. Popanda malamulo ochirikiza, zisonkhezero za ndalama, ndi kulinganiza kwadala, malo ogwirira ntchito akuvutikira kumanga, kugwira ntchito mosakondera, kapena kufikira anthu amene akufunikira kwambiri. Nkhani ino ikupenda njira zenizeni zimene akuluakulu a boma, mabungwe opititsa patsogolo chuma, ndi atsogoleri a chitaganya amagwiritsira ntchito kukonza ntchito zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza zinthu zatsopano, ndi chifukwa chake malamulo ameneŵa ali ofunikira kwambiri kwa mayiko a m’dziko.

Ochirikiza Ndalama: Kuchepetsa Zopinga Kuti Ziloŵe

Njati ndalama zoyambira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndizo zina za zopinga zazikulu kwa oyendetsa malo ozungulira. Ndalama zowonongedwa za Lpease, kupanga mitengo, mipando, zipangizo zamakono, ndi zipangizo zoyendera zosatha zingawonjezere mwamsanga. Boma ndi maboma a m'maderawo apanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za ndalama kuti achepetse mavutowa ndi kulimbikitsa kupangidwa kwa malo m’mizinda ndi m'madera omwe sanasungidwe bwino.

Msonkho ndi Kunyozedwa

Maboma ambiri amapereka ngongole za msonkho makamaka kwa makampani amene amakhazikitsa malo ochezera, makamaka m'madera odziŵika bwino kapena madera ovutika ndi chuma. Mwachitsanzo, programu ya New York STAUP NY imapereka msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho ndi ngongole za ndalama za makampani atsopano kapena kuwonjezera mabizinesi amene amagwira ntchito m'malo atsopano, kuphatikizapo mayunivesite. Mofananamo, Texas Economic Development Act amalola makampani a boma kupereka msonkho kaamba ka zitukuko zazikulu za ntchito zimene zimaphatikizapo zigawo zogwira ntchito.

Maboma a m'maderawo angachepetsenso msonkho mwachindunji. Matauni monga Austin ndi Denver atengera “kugawa msonkho waubwenzi . Kupima malo ogwirira ntchito pamlingo wotsika kuposa mareki a ofesi amwambo. Magawo ameneŵa athandiza oyendetsa ntchito kukhala okhoza kugula ndalama za kukhala ndi kampani, zimene zimakopanso anthu osiyanasiyana ogwiritsa ntchito.

Zopereka ndi Mabwinja

Malo operekera ndalama ndi chipangizo china champhamvu. Bungwe la Economic Development Administration (DEA) lathandiza ntchito zingapo zothandizira ntchito kupyolera mwa ntchito yake Kumanga pa pulogalamu ya Kupima [1]. Mwachitsanzo, Boma la Michigan linagwiritsira ntchito ndalama za EDA kuyambitsa “Comphare Work MI”, imene inagaŵira ndalama zoposa madola mamiliyoni aŵiri kumidzi kuti itsegule kapena kufutulira maofesi ena. Olandira lipoti la kuwonjezeka kwa 40% m'makampani aang'ono akwawo mkati mwa zaka ziŵiri.

Pa chigawocho, ndalama zothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito fiberōoptic, mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kapena kulembedwa bwino kungasinthe kwambiri. Mudzi wa Portland, Oregon, umapereka “Mpando wa Malo Okhala" umene umapereka ndalama zokwana madola 1000,000 kuti atembenuze malonda opanda kanthu kukhala malo a chigawo ndi opanga. Kuthandiza koteroko kumachepetsa ngozi kwa eni nyumba ndi okonza zinthu, kumalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malowo m’malo mwa kumanganso.

Malo Osungiramo Nyama ndi Malipiro a Kukonza Zinthu

Mabungwe ena a boma amene amathandizirana ndi mabungwe a zachuma (CDF Is) kupereka ngongole zotsika kwambiri kaamba ka kukonza malo ogwirira ntchito. California Infrapublicare and Economic Development Bank (IBank) imayang'anira thumba la lokongola limene lathandizira maofesi antchito ku Fresno, Stockton, ndi San Bernardo. Ndalama zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi malamulo ochepekera, kulola malo atsopano kumangako ziwalo zisanafune kuyendetsa ndalama.

Kuyendayenda ndi Kuloŵa M’dziko Kumagwiritsira Ntchito Malamulo: Kusintha

Malamulo a mwambo wa malo amalekanitsa malonda, maindasitale, ndi malo ogona, zimene zingaletse kumene malo ogwirira ntchito angagwire ntchito mwalamulo. Malo ambiri amafuna kuphatikizana kwa ofesi, masitolo, ndi malo a maindasitale kuti apeze ntchito zosiyanasiyana zonga ngati misonkhano, kukonza, kapena kudyera. Malamulo amakono m'derali ngofunika kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zomera Zosinthasintha

Kutsogolo mizinda yoganiza bwino yasintha malamulo a malo kuti alole “kugwira ntchito monga ntchito yololedwa” m'madera ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Los Angeles inakonzanso malamulo ake ogwirizana mu 2019 kuti igawane malo ogwirira ntchito pansi pa “kusanguluka kwa makampani” m'madera ena ndi“ ofesi” mwa ena, kuchotsa kufunika kwa zilolezo zokwera mtengo.

Mizinda yaing’ono monga Mismoda , Montana, yatengera “malamulo ogwirizana ndi mfundo za m'malamulo a Chingelezi omwe amayang'ana kumanga mapulani ndi ziyambukiro m’malo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri malo osungiramo zinthu. Kusintha kumeneku kumachititsa malo ogwirira ntchito kulowa m'masitolo, masitolo akale, ndiponso ngakhale m’zipinda zapansi panthaka, malinga ngati akumana ndi phokoso, kuimika, ndi miyezo ya chitetezo. Malamulo a Missofera anathandiza kuyambitsa “Missova Coplaque Hub, yomwe tsopano ili ndi mamembala oposa 200.

Zofunika za Kukonza Manja ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Malo ena ofala oimika ndi opangidwa ndi nyumba za maofesi. Malo ogwirira ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri amathandizira oyenda, oyendetsa njinga, ndi ogwiritsira ntchito apaulendo, ndipo amafuna malo ochepa oimikapo pa maofesi a mbali zinayi. Matauni ena, monga Seattle ndi Minneapolis, ayambitsa ziŵerengero zochepetseka za kuimika magalimoto a maofesi a maofesi. Ku Seattle’s Pierre Square , chitukuko chatsopano chogwira ntchito chinaloledwa kukhazikitsa malo oimikapo 0.5 pa sikweya 1.5 .5 /5 / kuonetsa kufupi kwa njanji za .

Malamulo otembenuzidwa a kukonza zinthu amayenderananso bwino ndi ntchito. Mwakupangitsa malo apafupi ndi malo oyendera, maboma amachepetsa galimoto pamsewu ndi kupanga malo ochezera kukhala ofikirika kwa antchito owonjezereka. 2022 kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Urban Land Institute anapeza kuti malo ogwirira ntchito okhala pakati pa theka la malo oimitsira ntchito anali ndi milingo yapamwamba ya mamesewera 30% a anthu oloŵa m’malo.

Malo Ofeŵa Olola Kupita Kumwamba ndi Malo Okhalako Zipangizo Zochepa

Kuti ayese kufunafuna ndi kubwezeretsa malo osungiramo katundu, maboma ena akumapanga mapepala achidule oyendera. Mzinda wa “Pop û Up Coplaing" woyendetsa ndege analola eni ake a katundu kubwereka malo opanda kanthu kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kwa oyendetsa mitsinje ololedwa. Programuyo inapambana kwambiri kwakuti inakhala yokhalitsa, ndi malo 20 tsopano ogwirira ntchito pansi pa chitsanzo. Malamulo otero ochepetsa malire a ogulitsa zinthu ndi kutumiza moyo wawo m'makoriji olimbana ndi malonda.

Ubwenzi Waukulu: Kusonkhezera Kuyambukirana

Maboma safunikira kuyang'anira malo ogwirira ntchito a coplagration mwachindunji, n’ngothandiza kwambiri monga opanga. Mayanjano a anthu onse (PPP) amaphatikiza zinthu za anthu (dziko, ndalama zopereka, kuchepetsa msonkho) ndi ukatswiri (ntchito, mapulani, madongosolo a chitaganya) kupanga malo atsopano ochirikiza.

Madera Osinthasintha a Universityāffial

Malo ambiri ogwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri amachokera ku mayunivesite ofufuza. Cambridge Innovation Center (CIC) ku Massachusetts adagwirizana ndi MIT ndi Mzinda wa Cambridge kupanga malabola ogwirira ntchito a biotech. Mzindawu unapanga mafakitale opangira mavarandi ndi mafakitale, pamene yunivesite inapereka maatomu ndi mapaipi a matale. Lerolino, CIC’S Kendall Squareareach nyumba zoposa 1,500.

Chifaniziro chofananacho chapezeka ku Chattanooga , Tennessee, kumene Mzinda wa Enprise , PPP yokhudza mzinda, Yunivesite ya Tennessee ku Chattanooga, ndi oikitsa ndalama zachinsinsi . [1] Malo apakati akupereka malo a coplaney yogwirira ntchito, alangizi, ndi malo ochezera a mzinda. Kuyambira potsegulira mu 2015, athandiza kuyambitsa mapulatimenti 200 ndi kupanga ntchito, malinga ndi chigawo cha Chatcator Committen .

Kumanga Malo a Kumidzi Kupyola Mappo

Mayanjano a anthu onse sangokhala m'matauni okha. Kumidzi ya Vermont, “Mantchito a ku Vermont a Antchito” a bomali anapanga PPP ndi Vermont Community Foundation ndi wogwira ntchito wa kumaloko kutsegula “Kugwira ntchito pa Mtsinje” mu Mtsinje wa White River Juniction. Boma linapereka $500,000 kuti akonze zinthu, ndipo olemba ntchito akugwira ntchito tsiku [1] Tsopano maofesiwo akutumikira antchito akutali kuchokera ku dera la Kumtunda kwa Chigwa, ambiri a amene poyamba anatumiza ku Boston kwa maola aŵiri.

Zomwe Zikuthandiza

PPP zokhala ndi makampani ambiri kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizapo zikalata zochitira ntchito: ngongole za msonkho kapena ndalama zothandizira anthu zimene zimawonjezereka pamene malo ogwirira ntchito akuyang'anizana ndi ntchito kapena zikondwerero za anthu osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa “Compare Baltimore Fund ya Baltimore” umafuna ogwiritsira ntchito kuti apeze pafupifupi 30% a anthu ochepa ndi akazi odziikitsa kuti asungebe ndalama. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti anthu achirikiza mwachindunji kufalikira ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa chuma.

Kuphunzitsa Anthu Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri: Kupita Pamwamba

Malamulo amene amathandiza malo ogwirira ntchito a cŏ amakhala othandiza kwambiri pochita ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimene zimathandiza anthu amalonda ndi antchito kupambana. Maboma amagwiritsira ntchito malo antchito pamodzi monga maziko operekera ntchito, kupereka uphungu wa zamalonda, ndi maprogramu atsopano.

Ogwira Ntchito m’Malo Ogwirira Ntchito

Mayiko ambiri amagwirizanitsa malo ang'onoang'ono opangira malonda (SBDC) ndi SCORE kulangiza ku maofesi a ntchito. Mzinda wa Austin “Austin Technology Incubitor,” umakhala m'malo a tauni othandizira ntchito, amaika zipatala zaulere, mipikisano yaulere, ndi malo ochezera ndi ogulitsa malonda. Otengamo mbali akopa ndalama zoposa $5 biliyoni kuwonjezera ndalama.

Mofananamo, Kansas Department of Commerce “Entreneur ku Residence” malo antchito m'dziko lonselo. Oyambitsa ameneŵa achidziŵitso akupereka kwa mamembala atsopano, kuwathandiza kuyendetsa malonda, kupanga zinthu, ndi kufunsira. Kutumiza zinthu kwa dipatimenti kumasonyeza kuti ziŵalo zimene zimaloŵa m'bizinesiyo zili ndi 45% ya kuthekerabe kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa zaka ziŵiri.

Malo Omanga Zolembalemba ndi Makompyuta ←

Kuti malo ogwira ntchito akhaledi a injini yoyendetsera chuma, ayenera kuphunzitsa maluso a makompyuta, makampani, ndi malonda. “TechCreat” programu ya Ohio imalipira makampani $2,000 pa antchito onse kaamba ka maphunziro a umisiri wamakono wovomerezedwa, ndipo olemba ntchito angapo a ku Columbus ndi Cleveland akhala ophunzitsa oyenerera. Zimenezi zimapangitsa mamembala [1] makamaka amene anachokera ku gombe lotsikalo .

Malaibulale amagwirizananso ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ochitira ma shopu ochitirako zinthu. Ku Nashville, dongosolo la laibulale ya onse limachirikiza mwezi ndi mwezi “Madaigal Toolkit for Entrepreneur ". Magawo pa “Nashville Coplace . Imalongosola nkhani kuchokera ku kusatsa malonda a manyuzi a mayanjano kufikira ku chisungiko. Opezeka awonjezeka kuchokera pa 20 kufika pa 100 otengamo mbali pa gamenti iriyonse m'zaka ziŵiri.

Kugwirizanitsa Coą Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kupeza Malo Otakata

Intaneti yodalirika ndi moyo wa munthu aliyense wogwira ntchito. Kuzindikira zimenezi, maboma ambiri aphatikiza malo ogwirira ntchito m'makonzedwe awo ofutukuka. “Uyang'anira wa Udindo wa Ogwira Ntchito wa Maine akupatsa malo ogwirira ntchito amene amavomereza kukhala aulere wapoyera Wiàfifi a madera ozungulira. Mofananamo, “Maricale Texas [1] imayambitsa njira zogwirizanitsa intaneti ndi malo antchito m'makampani okhala ndi anthu osakwanira 50,000. Kubwerera, imagaŵira malo pa pafupifupi maola 20 pa mlungu a kulowa kwa pa kompyuta ya onse, kugawa kwa makompyuta ogaŵa makompyuta a anthu otumikira otumikira.

Kupima Mmene Zimakhudzira: Kupima Kayendedwe ka Zinthu

Kuti atsimikizire kuti malamulo agwira bwino ntchito, maboma afunikira kuyendera limodzi. Maboma ambiri atsatira mfundo zomveka zoyendera madera amene anthu amalandira ndalama zothandizira anthu. Zisonyezero zodziwika bwino za ntchito

  • Chiŵerengero cha mabizinesi atsopano opangidwa [ ndi mamembala mkati mwa nyengo yodziŵika.
  • Kulenga kwa Job [[FLT :] m'makampani a ziŵalo, okhala ndi kusweka kwa malipiro ndi nthaŵi yokwanira ndi malo a nthaŵi zokwanira zokwanira.
  • Ziŵerengero za kuchuluka [1]: percenta ya ziŵalo zimene zili akazi, anthu a mitundu, ozoloŵera, kapena otsika.
  • Kukumbukira [1]: mtengo wa mapangano ndi malonda otsekedwa mwa zigwirizanitso zopangidwa pa thambo.
  • Mwezi wopulumuka wa makampani a ziŵalo imodzi, atatu, ndi asanu.

Kufufuza kokwanira kochitidwa ndi International City/Liferey Management Association (ICMA) [1] Kupenda malo 22 ogwira ntchito ochirikizidwa kupyolera mwa maprogramu a zachuma akumaloko ndi kupeza kuti, pa avareji, ndalama iliyonse ya anthu inapereka $3.40 m'makampani atsopano a msonkho m'zaka zisanu. Ndiponso, malo okhala m'malo a pansi pa nthaka anali ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu koposa, chifukwa chakuti anakopa kudziko ndi kuchepetsa mitengo ya malonda.

Phunziro la Case: “Ntchito Yokonzanso” Yoyamba ya Pittsburgh

Njira ya Pittsburgh yokonzeranso mizinda imapereka chitsanzo champhamvu cha malamulo ogwirizana. Mzindawu, mogwirizana ndi Allegheny Conference ndi maziko angapo achinsinsi, unakhazikitsa “Ntchito Yokonzanso”. Imapereka ndalama zophatikizana, pansi pa promarket, ndi chithandizo cha zomangamanga malo okhala m'nyumba zakale za maindasitale. Lamulolo limaphatikizapo “kupindula kwa bungwe la“ kulinganiza kuyanjana ndi malo osungirako 20% a ziwalo za nzika zapafupi za zitsogozo zokhala pa 50% ya ndalama zotchire. M'zaka zake zinayi zoyambirira, ntchito za ku Innova imathandiza nyumba zitatu zazikulu zogwirira ntchito. Nyumbayi pamodzi, zimene zimakopa mapulogalamu oposa 300 ndipo zachita malonda oposa madola 200 miliyoni m'likulu. Msika wa malonda watsika pa 28%, malinga ndi Whotton Townburgh.

Mavuto Amene Tikukumana Nawo M’tsogolo

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zinayenda bwino, boma ndi malamulo a m’madera ena akumeneko amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu. Nkhani ya kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito idakali yovuta: kuchuluka kwa malo olemera, ogwirira ntchito m’tauni, pamene kuli kwakuti madera a m’midzi ndi a m’midzi sawasunga. Okonza malamulo ayenera kupanga mapulogalamu otsatizana ndi malamulo oyenera, monga kugwedeza ndalama kapena madera ena.

Kusungika ndi vuto lina. Makampani a ntchito ndi aakulu ndipo ali pangozi ya mavuto a zachuma. Pamene mamembala atsika [1] monga momwe anachitira m'nyengo ya 2020 yotsekedwa kwa anthu ambiri angavutike kupitirizabe kutsegula. Kuchepetsa zimenezi, mizinda ina ikuphatikizapo “zikalata zopitira kumbuyo” popereka mapangano amene amalola olemba ntchito kuchepetsako kapena kusintha mapulogalamu a m'deralo pamene mavuto akuchitika.

Kubuka kwa ma projekiti opangidwa ndi ma projekiti kumachititsanso anthu kukayikira kuti pangafunike madesiki a ntchito aatali kwambiri komanso malo ochitirako ntchito. Policis amene amalimbikitsa anthu ooneka ngati osinthasinthasintha (m’chitsanzo, tsiku lotha, kutentha kwambiri), ndi maluwa oyamba kupangidwa, akhoza kukhala opirira kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, kuphatikiza ana, malo okongola, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito kunja, zingachititse malo okongola kwambiri ogwirira ntchito kwa anthu ambiri.

Chomalizira, kugwirizana kwa boma nkofunika. Lamulo la ntchito limene limagwira ntchito m'likulu la boma lingalephere m'tauni yaing'ono. Maboma angapereke malamulo achitsanzo ndi malangizo abwino koposa oyendetsera ntchito, pamene maboma akusunga kusinthika kwawo. Limodzi la Mabungwe a Madera [1] Limodzi a maofesi a boma afalitsa chipangizo chimene makampani ambiri agwiritsira ntchito monga poyambira, kuphimba zonse kuchokera ku matepitente a masuntchala kufikira ku mapangano a maofesi a boma.

Mapeto ake: Uchimo Wothandiza Kutukuka kwa Zinthu Zachilengedwe

Boma ndi malamulo a kumaloko si ongotheketsa malo antchito ndi atsopano . Zisonkhezero za ndalama zochepetsa mtengo woyambira ndi kukopa ogwiritsira ntchito kuti apereke makampani. Kusinthasintha kwa zinthu kumatsegulidwa m'manyumba ndi kugwirizanitsa coplaquing kumadera osiyanasiyana. Mayanjano a anthu a paokha amagwirizanitsa zolinga za anthu ndi chipambano chaumwini, kupanga malo omwe onse aŵiri amasungidwa ndi ntchito. Ndipo maphunziro ndi mapulogalamu a zipangizo amasintha madongosolo a zinthu za m'mbali zonse kukhala makompyuta aluso [1] [1]

Umboni uli wowonekera: pamene maboma apanga molingalira bwino zinthu zachilengedwe zogwira ntchito, iwo amawona kubwerera kwabwino kwa mabizinesi owonjezereka , kutsika kwa malo a malonda, ndalama za msonkho wowonjezereka, ndi likulu la anthu. Pamene mkhalidwe wa ntchito ukupitirizabe kusinthika, mizinda ndi kunena kuti kulinganiza mokangalika malo awo ogwirira ntchito kupyolera mwaluso, malamulo osasintha adzakhala malo abwino kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo chuma. Mtsogolo mwa ntchito n’ngosinthika, ndi chitaganya cha tauni [1] ndipo malamulo abwino ndiwo amatheketsa kutero.