Mmene Bwanamkubwa Amathandizira Kuti Mukhalebe Otetezeka ndi Athanzi

Kumvetsa Mbali ya Bwanamkubwa M’zachitetezo ndi Thanzi

Bwanamkubwa amatumikira monga akuluakulu a maboma awo, akukhala ndi ulamuliro ndi udindo waukulu poteteza thanzi ndi chitetezo cha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri okhala m’dzikolo. Olamulira amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri posamalira anthu onse m’madera onse. Kuyang’anira kwawo boma kumawathandiza kugwirizanitsa zochita zovuta za anthu, kukonza njira zothandizira anthu odwala, kugaŵira zinthu zofunikira, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti anthu apeze ntchito zimene amafunikira kuti ayende bwino.

Monga mabwana a boma, akazembe ali ndi udindo wogwiritsa ntchito malamulo a boma ndi kuyang'anira ntchito ya nthambi ya boma. Lamulo limeneli laukulu limakhudza zinthu zonse kuyambira pa kuyang'anira madipatimenti a zaumoyo mpaka kugwirizanitsa ndi akuluakulu a boma panthaŵi ya mavuto. Monga atsogoleri a boma, akazembe akupita patsogolo ndi kulondola malamulo atsopano ndi maprogramu atsopano ndi okonzedwanso a ziwiya, pakati pawo pali malamulo a akuluakulu a boma, ndi malamulo a boma ndi mapulogalamu a boma. Kudzera mwa njira zimenezi, akazembe, maulamuliro angasonkhetse thanzi ndi chitetezo cha maboma awo, kupanga zosankha zimene zingakhudzetse chilichonse kuchokera ku kuletsa matenda kuchitika mwamsanga.

Ukulu wa mphamvu ya kayendetsedwe ka boma umasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku boma ndi dziko, lopangidwa ndi malamulo, malamulo, ndi zochitika za m'mbiri. Komabe, m'mayiko onse, akazembe amasunga udindo waukulu wokhudza thanzi la anthu ndi chitetezo chimene chimawapangitsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri paubwino wa anthu. Kumvetsa mmene akazembe amachitira ntchito zimenezi kumathandiza kuzindikira madongosolo ovuta a boma ndi njira zimene utsogoleri wapamwamba kwambiri amatembenuzira nzika za moyo weniweni.

Ulamuliro wa Bwanamkubwa pa Zaumoyo wa Anthu Onse

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma ndiwo maziko a njira zaumoyo za anthu ku United States, ndipo akazembe amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'gulu lawo ndi ntchito. Mabungwe a zaumoyo a boma amalinganizidwa m'gulu limodzi mwa machitsanzo aŵiri: monga bungwe lodziimira lokha lokhala ndi udindo kwa kazembe kapena Board of Health kapena monga mbali ya chipambano chachikulu. Gulu limeneli limaika olamulira pamalo auyang'aniro ndi chisonkhezero pa mabungwe oyang’anira ndi kutetezera thanzi la anthu onse.

Kusankha Akuluakulu A za Umoyo

Imodzi ya njira zapadera kwambiri zopangira thanzi la anthu ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro awo oika. Maboma adakali odzipereka posankha mamembala onse aŵiri a mabungwe ndi SHOs, kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha abusa pakati pa SHOS ndi opanga zosankha zazikulu. State Health Offance (SHO) imatumikira monga mkulu wa bungwe la zaumoyo ndipo imakhala ndi thayo la mautumiki a zaumoyo a tsiku ndi tsiku limodzi limodzi limodzi ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa malamulo. Kukhazikitsa malamulo (87.2%) ndi kusungitsa akuluakulu osankhidwa ouzidwa za nkhani zaumoyo (97.9%) ndi ntchito zina zofunika zimene zimachitidwa ndi SHOs.

Mwa kusankha anthu oyenerera kuti atsogolere madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma, akazembe angatsimikizire kuti thanzi la anthu liyenera kukhala lofunika kwambiri mogwirizana ndi zolinga zazikulu za boma. Mapangano ameneŵa ali ndi zotsatirapo za nthaŵi yaitali, pamene akuluakulu a zaumoyo amapanga zosankha zofufuza matenda, maprogramu a zaumoyo, chitetezo cha zaumoyo, ndi kugawidwa kwa zinthu zochepa. Unansi pakati pa kazembe ndi nduna ya zaumoyo ndi nduna ya boma ukhoza kukhudza modabwitsa kwambiri mmene boma lingachitire ndi mavuto onse aumoyo ndi mavuto odabwitsa.

Kulamulira Mabajeti ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Maboma ali ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu pa thanzi la anthu mwa kulamulira kwawo ndalama za boma. Malamulo amavomereza bajeti ya boma ya zaumoyo, kukhazikitsa malamulo a zaumoyo wa anthu onse, kukhazikitsa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zaumoyo, ndi kukhazikitsa misonkho yothandizira anthu. Komabe, olamulira amakhazikitsa bajeti yoyamba ndipo angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo kukonza mapulogalamu omaliza.

Adindo a zachuma ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma. Adindo a zachuma: Kutsimikizira kuti pali zinthu zokwanira (za boma, zachuma, za anthu, zaluso, ndi zinthu zina) kuti achite ntchito zofunika kwambiri zaumoyo. Olamulira ayenera kulinganiza zofunikira pa zinthu za boma zopereŵera pamene akutsimikizira kuti njira zaumoyo za anthu zikukhalabe zolimba kwambiri kuti zitetezere anthu. Zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizapo kusankha kovuta pankhani za ndalama zoperekedwa kuti atetezere, maprogramu a chithandizo, kupita patsogolo kwa zoyendetsera ntchito za m'dziko, ndi kutukuka kwa antchito.

Akuluakulu a zandalama amapanga zipatala, zipatala, mapulogalamu a katemera, mapulogalamu a matenda, ndi kukonzekera zamwadzidzidzi. Ndalama zokwanira zimathandiza madipatimenti a zaumoyo kusamalira mautumiki ofunika, kuchitapo kanthu pa kubuka kwa matenda, kufufuza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kuwongolera thanzi la anthu.

Kusamalira Zamsanga ndi Kulabadira Ngozi

Mwinamwake palibe thayo lakuyendetsa zinthu lokhala ndi zotsatirapo za moyo kapena imfa yofulumira kuposa kuyang'anira ngozi. Monga momwe akuluakulu a boma, akazembe ali ndi thayo la kutsimikizira boma lawo ndi masoka a mtundu uliwonse ndi ukulu wake. Udindo umenewu umaphatikizapo kukonzekera, kuyankha, kuchira, ndi kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zosiyanasiyana zimene zingachitike.

Kulengeza Maboma a Zadzidzidzi

Ngakhale kuti njira za malamulo zimasiyana, maboma onse amapatsa kazembeyo ulamuliro wolengeza mtundu umodzi kapena yambiri ya zinthu zamwadzidzidzi, kuphatikizapo ngozi yadzidzidzi kapena matenda odzidzimutsa. Zikalata zimenezi sizili chabe zizindikiro zophiphiritsira. Zimathandiza kuti mphamvu zangozi zikhale zothandiza kuti zinthu ziyende bwino mwamsanga komanso mogwirizana pakachitika mavuto.

Chilengezo cha kazembe wa ngozi kaŵirikaŵiri ndicho chinthu choyamba m'kuchitika tsoka pamene chikusonkhezera maopaleshoni angozi a boma ndi njira zotetezera zamwadzidzidzi kwa anthu. Pamene kazembe apereka chilengezo chamwadzidzidzi, chimayambitsa njira zosiyanasiyana panthaŵi imodzi: mabungwe a boma amasintha njira ya kachitidwe ka ngozi, mapangano a kuthandizana ndi mayiko ena amakhalapo, zopinga zopinga zingawongoledwe kwakanthaŵi, ndipo boma limakhala loyenerera chithandizo cha boma.

Panthaŵi ya ngozi yodziŵika, kazembe ali ndi mphamvu zapadera, kuphatikizapo ulamuliro wa kuimitsa malamulo a Boma, kutengapo aloya, kutenga katundu, kuthaŵa mwachindunji, ndi kuvomereza ndalama zangozi. Mphamvu zazikulu zimenezi, ngakhale kuti zimadalira njira zosiyanasiyana zalamulo ndi zoyang’anira, zimatheketsa akazembe kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pamene njira za boma zanthaŵi zonse zidzakhala zochedwa kwambiri kutetezera anthu onse.

Kulimbikitsa Anthu Ochita Zosiyanasiyana

Kuyankha mwamsanga kumafuna kugwirizana kwamphamvu pakati pa mabungwe ambiri a boma ndi a m’deralo, aliyense ali ndi luso lapadera ndi udindo. Pakachitika ngozi, Kazembeyo amachitanso mbali yaikulu polankhula ndi anthu panthaŵi ya ngozi, kupereka malangizo ndi kukhazikitsa bata ndi dongosolo la anthu. Olamulira amatumikira monga ulamuliro waukulu wokhazikitsa malamulo, kutsimikizira kuti ntchito zomangira moto, madipatimenti a zachipatala, madipatimenti a za za zaumoyo, ndi mabungwe ena akugwira ntchito pamodzi bwino.

Maulamuliro angozi, amene nthaŵi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chilengezo cha boma cha ngozi kapena tsoka, amapereka njira zothandizira kuti awonjezere luso, kugwirizana, ndi kugwirizana m'mayiko ndi mabungwe akwawo. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumapitirira malire a boma komanso kupitirira mphamvu ya boma. Olamulira akakumana ndi mavuto, angapemphe thandizo kuchokera ku mayiko apafupi kudzera mwa mabungwe a boma kapena kupempha boma kuti lipereke zikalata zowonjezera ndi kuchirikiza.

Pamene magulu a National Guard sakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma, akazembe ndiwo akazembe ndi akuluakulu a asilikali a boma okhala ndi udindo woteteza nzika za boma. Oyang’anira a National akutanthauza chinthu chapadera chimene akazembe angapereke kuti apereke chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi, kupereka antchito, zipangizo, ndi kuchirikiza pa masoka achilengedwe, kusokonezeka kwa anthu, kapena kuukira kwa anthu. Kulimbana kumeneku, kuphatikizapo zida za boma zoyendetsera ngozi, kumapatsa akazembe ziwiro zamphamvu zotetezera anthu panthaŵi ya mavuto.

Kukonzekera Zinthu Zoopsa

Komabe akazembe ayenera kukhala okonzekera zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku . .tornad, mafunde, magalimoto, moto wa magetsi, ndi zinthu zangozi zotayika , monga ngati kuwonongeka kwa masoka pamlingo wa mliri wa CHOVID-19, Mphepo Katrina, kapena zigaŵenga 11 zoukira. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamwadzidzidzi zimene akazembe ayenera kukonzekera. Ayenera kutsimikizira kuti maboma awo asunge maluso awo ochitira zinthu zamwambo pamene akukonzekeranso kulephera kwanthaŵi zonse, zochitika zazikulu zimene zingagonjetse machitidwe anthaŵi zonse.

Kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi kumaphatikizapo kukonzekera kosalekeza, kuphunzitsidwa, ndi kupangidwa kwa zipangizo. Maboma amayang'anira ntchito yolinganiza za ngozi, kutsimikizira kuti antchito odziwitsa alandira maphunziro oyenera, kusungitsa miyulu ya zinthu zofunikira, ndi kuchititsa zinthu kuti ayese mphamvu zotha kuyankha. Ntchito zimenezi, ngakhale kuti sizioneka bwino kuposa njira zothandizira pangozi, zimakhala zofunika pamene maso achitika.

Akuluakulu a boma amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m’kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi ndipo angathandize kuchititsa zinthu mwamsanga zikachitika mwadzidzidzi. Komabe, malamulo amene amagwira ntchito mwachipambano panthaŵi yatsoka angapangitse zopinga pa nthaŵi ya ngozi, kuchedwetsa yankho la panthaŵi yake. Pozindikira vuto limeneli, maboma ambiri apatsa olamulira ulamuliro wa kusintha malamulo ndi malamulo panthaŵi ya ngozi, zimene zimapangitsa kuti athe kusintha ndi kulabadira zinthu.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Malamulo a Zaumoyo ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zinthu Zabwino

Pambuyo pa kuyankha mwamsanga, akazembe amakonza thanzi la anthu mwa kupitiriza ntchito zawo ndi kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo. Kuti akwaniritse ntchito imeneyi yaumoyo wa anthu onse, madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ntchito zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyendetsera malamulo: Kutsogolera ndi kuthandiza kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amateteza, kulimbikitsa ndi kuwongolera thanzi la anthu potsimikizira kuti bungweli ndi mbali zake zikhale zogwirizana ndi malamulo ndi malamulo (amalo, boma, ndi boma) zimene zimatsatira.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Malamulo a Olamulira a Thanzi la Anthu Onse

Malamulo a boma amaimira chida champhamvu chimene abwanamkubwa angagwiritse ntchito popititsa patsogolo zolinga zaumoyo wa anthu popanda kudikira kuti boma lichitepo kanthu.

Akuluakulu a boma amagwiritsa ntchito malangizo a akuluakulu a boma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maboma agwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a zaumoyo potumiza mabungwe a boma, kukhazikitsa mphamvu zothandizira anthu kuti apeze njira zowatetezera ku matenda, ndiponso kusintha malamulo othandizira kusamala za matenda.

Malamulo ndi Udindo

Pamene kuli kwakuti maofisala a boma amapereka maluso a mwamsanga, kuwongolera kwaumoyo wa anthu kaŵirikaŵiri kumafuna masinthidwe a boma. Maboma amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'dongosolo la malamulo mwa kukhazikitsa mafaindi, kuchirikiza kudutsa kwawo, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo zaveto kupanga malamulo omaliza. Mu 85% ya maboma, SHO inaloledwa kupereka bajeti ndi malamulo apamwamba kwa kazembe ndi kalamulo kwa boma, pamene kuli kwakuti ochepera theka la boma SHOS loyang'anira madipatimenti a zaumoyo a m'dziko. Unansi umenewu pakati pa akazembembe ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo a boma umathandiza kupereka mapangano otsimikizira zaumboni amene a zaumoyo wa anthu odziŵika.

Akuluakulu a boma angagwiritse ntchito likulu lawo la ndale ndiponso mapulogalamu awo a zaumoyo kuti athandize anthu kukhazikitsa malamulo a zaumoyo, kuphunzitsa anthu nkhani za thanzi, ndiponso kukambirana ndi okonza malamulo kuti apeze ndalama zofunikira kulipira ndalama zofunikira.

Mabwalo a malamulo a boma amapereka mwayi wosamalira nkhani zosiyanasiyana zokhudza thanzi ndi chitetezo, kuyambira pa malamulo oteteza zachilengedwe, kuteteza zachilengedwe, kuteteza anthu ndi kuteteza matenda.

Ntchito Zoteteza Matenda ndi Zolimbikitsa Thanzi

Maboma amayang’anira ndiponso kuchirikiza maprogramu ambiri oletsa matenda ndi kulimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino m’mayiko awo onse, ndipo njira zimenezi zimasamalira matenda opatsirana ndi okhalitsa, amene amayambitsa mavuto ndi kulimbikitsa makhalidwe oteteza thanzi la anthu.

Kampeni Yopereka Katemera ndi Youmitsa

Maprogramu a katemera amaimira chimodzi cha ziyambukiro zaumoyo wa anthu zokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo akazembe amachita mbali yaikulu m'kutsimikizira chipambano chawo. Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma, oyendetsa ntchito pansi pa kuyang'anira, amayang'anira maprogramu a katemera amene amatetezera ana ndi achikulire ku matenda okhoza kupeŵedwa. Maprogramu ameneŵa amaphatikizapo kutumiza mankhwala a katemera, kuwagaŵira kwa opereka chithandizo, kusunga umphumphu wosalimba, kutsata ziŵerengero za katemera, ndi kuphunzitsa anthu za mapindu a katemera.

Bwanamkubwa amagulitsa ndalama za akatemera, amakhazikitsa malamulo otetezera katemera pamalo oyamba, ndipo angagwiritsire ntchito malo awo oyenera kulimbikitsa katemera wa anthu. Pakabuka matenda kapena pamene katemera watsopano ayamba, akazembe angakonze zinthu kuti akonzetse kutumiza ndi kutumiza ndalama zambiri. Mliri wa Covid unasonyeza kufunika kwakukulu kwa utsogoleri wa katemera pogaŵira mankhwala, ndi olamulira kupanga zosankha zazikulu za kuyambitsa, kugaŵira, ndi kutumiza mauthenga kwa anthu onse.

Kuyamba Kupewa Matenda Osatha

Matenda osachiritsika monga matenda a mtima, shuga, ndi kansa ali zinthu zikuluzikulu zimene zimachititsa imfa ndi kupunduka ku United States. Maboma amadziŵa kuti kuwongolera thanzi la nzika sikokha kofunika kuti zikhale ndi moyo wopindulitsa, komanso kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zosamalira thanzi ndi kulinganiza bwino ndalama; chifukwa cha zimenezi, mayiko akutsogolera njira zambiri zothandizira anthu kuti apeze chithandizo cha mankhwala.

Makonzedwe otetezera matenda osatha a boma angaphatikizepo maprogramu oletsa fodya, chakudya ndi ntchito zathupi, maprogramu oletsa matenda a kansa, maseŵero openda kansa, ndi zoyesayesa zotetezera nthenda ya mtima. Olamulira asonkhezera maprogramu ameneŵa mwa kupereka ndalama, njira zochitira zinthu, ndi ndawala zodziŵitsa anthu zimene zimalimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino.

Kuteteza matenda aakulu kumachepetsa ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito, kumathandizanso kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Kuletsa Matenda Osatha Kuwathetsa

Malo a zaumoyo a anthu onse amaphatikizapo (1) kutsimikizira kuti pali njira zokwanira zothandizira anthu kuchipatala, (2) kulimbikitsa anthu okhala ndi thanzi labwino ndiponso makhalidwe abwino, (3) kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana, (4) kuteteza matenda owononga zachilengedwe, (5) kukonzekera ndi kuchitapo kanthu pakagwa mavuto, ndiponso (6) kuteteza thanzi. Kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana kumafuna njira zodalirika zowayang’anira, mphamvu zotha kuyambitsa mwamsanga, ndiponso njira zothandiza kwambiri.

Akuluakulu amathandiza kuletsa matenda opatsirana mwa kupereka ndalama zothandizira kuyang’anira madongosolo a matenda, mphamvu ya malabotale, kufufuza za matenda, ndi kuukira kwa magulu oukira. Pamene matenda abuka, akazembe angalengeze zamwadzidzidzi zimene zingatheketse anthu kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga, kuphatikizapo akuluakulu odzipatula, zofunika zofunikira, ndi kutumiza zinthu.

Maziko ochirikizira matenda opatsirana amakwaniritsa zolinga ziŵiri: kusamala ndi ziwopsezo za nthaŵi zonse za matenda onga fuluwenza ndi matenda ochititsidwa ndi chakudya pamenenso kuli maziko ochiritsira kubuka kwa matenda opatsirana ndi zochitika za uchigaŵenga wa tizilombo.

Malamulo a Zaumoyo ndi Zachitetezo

Ngozi za malo okhala zimadzetsa ngozi zazikulu ku umoyo wa anthu, ndipo akazembe ali ndi thayo la kutetezera nzika ku ngozi zimenezi. Madipatimenti a zaumoyo 14 alinso bungwe lalikulu la malo okhala m’boma lawo; khumi ndi asanu ndi mmodzi ndiwo bungwe la zaumoyo; ndipo 11 ndiwo bungwe la boma la Medicaid. Ngakhale m'mayiko kumene chitetezo cha malo okhala chimaloŵa pansi pa mabungwe osiyana, olamulira amalinganiza ntchito zaumoyo ndi kutsimikizira kuti chisamaliro chaumoyo cha anthu onse chidziŵitse malamulo a za malo okhala.

Mpweya ndi Madzi Zimateteza

Mpweya woyera ndi madzi akumwa abwino zikuimira zofunika zazikulu za thanzi la anthu. Bwanamkubwa amayang’anira mabungwe a boma amene amayang’anira kuyang’anira kutentha kwa mpweya, kutulutsa mpweya, kutetezera madzi akumwa, ndi kutetezera madzi ku ku kuipitsa. mabungwe ameneŵa amapanga ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amachepetsa kuipitsa, kuchitapo kanthu pa zochitika zoipitsa, ndi kugwirira ntchito kuletsa ngozi za umoyo wa anthu.

Pamene mavuto a zaumoyo achitika .. monga ngati kumwa madzi oipitsa, kufulumira kwa mphepo, kapena kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala a poizoni, ayenera kulinganiza njira zotetezera thanzi la anthu. Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo kutulutsa mankhwala a zaumoyo, kupereka madzi ena, kuthaŵa kwa anthu okhudzidwa, kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo amwamsanga operekedwa ku chiwopsezocho.

Akuluakulu a boma amakhudzanso moyo wa anthu pa nthawi yaitali kudzera m'malamulo amene amachepetsa kuipitsa, kulimbikitsa mphamvu zoyera, kuteteza zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Malamulo ameneŵa angakhudze kwambiri matenda a m’madzi, matenda otengera kutentha, ndi zotsatira zina zaumoyo zimene zili zokhala ngati nthano.

Programu za Kutetezereka kwa Chakudya ndi Kupimidwa

Matenda obwera ndi chakudya amayambukira anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a ku America chaka chilichonse, kupanga chisungiko cha chakudya kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu onse. Madipatimenti a zaumoyo, oyang’anira zakudya, ofufuza zachitetezo cha chakudya, openda kubuka kwa matenda ochititsidwa ndi chakudya, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a zachitetezo cha chakudya.

Akuluakulu a boma amathandiza pa ntchito yoteteza chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwanira, antchito oyenerera, ndiponso njira zoyendetsera ntchito zothandiza kuti anthu asamavutike ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya.

Thanzi ndi Chitetezo

Maupandu a kuntchito ali mbali ina yofunika ya nkhaŵa ya thanzi la anthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti miyezo ya OSSA imapereka maziko kaamba ka chisungiko cha ntchito, maboma ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito chisungiko cha ntchito yawo ndi maprogramu a zaumoyo pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma. maprogramu a boma ameneŵa amayang’anira ntchito, kufufuza ngozi, kusungitsa miyezo ya chisungiko, ndi kupereka mautumiki othandiza kusungitsa mikhalidwe ya kagwiridwe ka ntchito.

Maboma amathandiza anthu kugwira ntchito zaumoyo komanso kuteteza anthu posankha makomiti oyang’anira, kuika bajeti pa ntchito, ndiponso kuthandiza anthu otetezeka kuntchito. Maprogramu a zaumoyo amphamvu amachepetsa kuwonongeka ndi matenda kuntchito, kuteteza antchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zimene antchito amalandira ndi kulephera kugwira ntchito.

Kupeza Thanzi ndi Kutsimikiziridwa

Kuganizira kuti anthu okhala m’deralo ali ndi mautumiki a zaumoyo abwino kuli udindo waukulu wa zaumoyo. Bungwe la NGA's Center for Best Practics limathandiza maofesi a akazembe posamalira mavuto a zaumoyo a anthu onse, kupititsa patsogolo ndi kukonza bwino khalidwe la anthu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndi kupeza njira zothandizira anthu odwala. Olamulira amalimbikitsa njira zaumoyo ndi ubwino wa madongosolo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo njira za kuyendetsa ntchito zaumoyo, kupititsa patsogolo kwa antchito, kulera ana, ndi kuyang’anira bwino.

Addicaid Programu

Mdicaid ndi pulogalamu yaikulu ya inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo m’mayiko ambiri, yopereka mapepala a ana olandira ndalama zochepa, akazi oyembekezera, anthu okalamba, ndi anthu olumala. Maboma amapanga zosankha zowopsya ponena za kulephera kwa Medicaid eligigial, mapindu ophikira, malipiro, ndi maprogramu. Zosankha zimenezi zimakhudza mwachindunji anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ndipo zimaŵerengera mbali yaikulu ya bajeti ya boma.

Mabwana angafutukule kapena kupanga makampani a Medicaid, kugwiritsa ntchito makina atsopano operekera katundu, kukambirana ndi boma la boma la okonza mapulogalamu okonza zinthu, ndi kukonzanso zinthu zokonza zinthu kuti zikhale zabwino polamulira ndalama. Pulogalamu ya Medicaid imathandiza kwambiri anthu ovutika, ndiponso utsogoleri wa bungwe loyang’anira ntchito yosamalira thanzi la anthu amawononga kwambiri thanzi lawo.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ntchito Yosamalira Thanzi

Kuti achirikize akazembe, bungwe la NGA Health Team limapereka chidziŵitso, kufufuza, kupenda malamulo, chithandizo cha zopangapanga, ntchito zapadera, ndi chuma kwa akazembe ndi antchito awo pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zaumoyo kuphatikizapo: zaumoyo wa anthu onse, matenda osatha ndi opatsirana, matenda akumidzi, ntchito zaumoyo, kulipira ndi kukambirana, matenda, kuchuluka kwa thanzi, kuchuluka kwa thanzi la amayi ndi ana. Kusoŵa kwa ntchito zaumoyo kuli chitokosokoso, makamaka kumidzi ndi kumadera osatetezereka.

Akuluakulu a ntchito amathetsa mavuto a zaumoyo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro a zachipatala ndiponso kulipira ngongole. Kuthandiza akatswiri a zachipatala kuti azichita ntchito yothandiza anthu odwala komanso kuwathandiza kuti azitha kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kusamalira Thanzi ndi Kusamalira Bwino

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a boma amalola odwala kusamalidwa bwino ndiponso amayang’anira zipatala, zipatala, ndi zipatala zina kuti akwaniritse miyezo yosafunika kwambiri ndiponso yoteteza.

Akuluakulu a boma amalimbikitsa anthu kusamalira thanzi mwa kuwayang’anira ndi mabungwe okonza, kuchirikiza njira zowongolera zinthu, ndi kuchitapo kanthu pamene zinthu zachipatala zalephera.

Mautumiki Osokoneza Umoyo ndi Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mantha

Umoyo wamaganizo ndi mankhwala amawononga anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a ku America, kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu kwa anthu, mabanja, ndi anthu a m’madera ena. Kulimba kwa thupi ndi maganizo n’kogwirizana kwambiri, ndipo zonse ziŵiri n’zofunika kuti anthu akhale ndi moyo wathanzi ndiponso wopindulitsa kwambiri. Bwanamkubwa amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri potsimikizira kuti anthu okhala m’deralo ali ndi mautumiki a zaumoyo ndipo akuti amathandiza kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala.

Mautumiki Athanzi la Maganizo ndi Kulabadira Mavuto

Madongosolo a zaumoyo wa maganizo a boma amapereka mautumiki kuyambira ku kuchiritsa kwa anthu ndi kusadwala kwa maganizo. Olamulira amayang'anira madongosolo ameneŵa, kupanga zosankha ponena za ndalama, ntchito, ndi dongosolo la ntchito. Maboma ambiri apanga masinthidwe kusintha kwa zaumoyo kuchoka ku madongosolo a zamaganizo kupita ku chisamaliro cha anthu, kufunikira utsogoleri wa gulu kuti athe kusamalira kusintha kocholoŵana kumeneku.

Mavuto a maganizo amafunikira mphamvu za mwamsanga zochitirapo kanthu, ndipo akazembe amathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto monga opinga, magulu oyenda ndi ovutika, ndi othandiza zamwadzidzidzi. Mautumiki ameneŵa amathandiza kuchepetsa chithandizo cha m’makampani osamalira anthu pangozi ndipo angaletse kugonekedwa m’chipatala kosafunikira kapena kuloŵerera m’dongosolo la zauchigaŵenga.

Kuthetsa Mliri wa Opioid

Mliri wa opioid wasakaza anthu ambiri ku United States, ukumapha anthu zikwi mazana ambiri ndi kuchititsa kukwera mtengo kwa mayanjano ndi chuma. Maboma achitapo kanthu ndi njira zowonjezereka zimene zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera njira zochiritsira zochiritsira, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito mopambanitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito maprogramu ofufuza mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala, kuyesayesa kwalamulo motsutsana ndi makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi kuchirikiza kuletsa ndi kuyesayesa kwa maphunziro.

Mliri wa COVID usanayambe, maboma ambiri anagwiritsira ntchito akuluakulu a zaumoyo osoŵa amtundu ndi a zaumoyo kuti achitepo kanthu ku masoka achilengedwe, monga ngati mphepo zamkuntho, ndi kuopseza kwa anthu kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, monga TB. Maboma agwiritsiranso ntchito akuluakulu a zangozi ameneŵa kuti ayankhe mavuto a anthu omwe akupereka mavuto apadera ndi opatsirana, kuphatikizapo kuyambika kwa HIV ndi matenda a hepatitis A, komanso mliriti wamakono.

Kuyankha kogwira mtima ku vuto la opioid kumafuna kugwirizana m’mbali zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kusamala zaumoyo, chilungamo cha apandu, maphunziro, ndi mautumiki a kakhalidwe ka anthu. Akuluakulu amatumikira monga ulamuliro waukulu wogwirizanitsa, kutsimikizira kuti mabungwe osiyanasiyana ndi osungitsa malonda akugwira ntchito pamodzi pa zolinga zofanana. Utsogoleri wawo m’kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ungapulumutse miyoyo ndi kuthandiza anthu kuchira ku ziyambukiro zosakaza za kumwerekera.

Kutetezeka kwa Magalimoto ndi Kuteteza Ngozi

Maboma amachititsa anthu kufa ndi kupunduka chifukwa cha malamulo a zachitetezo cha pamsewu, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyendera bwino, kusamala anthu, ndiponso kuteteza mapulogalamu oteteza ku ngozi.

Malamulo Otetezera Motoka

Kuwombana kwa galimoto kumapha zikwi makumi ambiri a Aamereka chaka chilichonse ndi kuvulaza mamiliyoni ambiri. Maboma amathandiza kutetezereka kwa magalimoto kupyolera m’malamulo ofuna kugwiritsa ntchito lamba, kuletsa kuyendetsa galimoto mododometsedwa, kuletsa kuyendetsa galimoto kochedwetsa, kukhazikitsa oyendetsa galimoto achichepere oyendetsa galimoto, ndi kukhazikitsa liŵiro la liŵiro. Malamulo ameneŵa, kuphatikizapo zoyesayesa zosungitsa ndi maphunziro a anthu, athandizira kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa ofera m’magalimoto m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazo.

Maboma angachirikizenso chitetezo cha pamsewu pokonza njira zoyendera, pokonza bwino misewu, poika magetsi, ndiponso poika zikwangwani zowonjezera.

Maprogramu Otetezera

Kuwonjezera pa kuteteza magalimoto, akuluakulu a boma amalimbikitsa njira zopewera ngozi zimene anthu achikulire amayendera, ana ovulala, ngozi za kuntchito, ndiponso njira zopewera chiwawa.

Kuletsa kuvulaza kuli kuwonongetsa ndalama zowonongera thanzi la anthu, chifukwa kuletsa kuvulala kumapewa ndalama zambiri za mankhwala, kulephera kugwira ntchito, ndi kuvutika kwa anthu kochititsidwa ndi kuvulala koopsa. Olamulira amene amaika njira zotetezera kuvulala m’thupi angathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa thanzi la anthu ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wa zaumoyo.

Maprogramu a Zaumoyo wa Ana

Maboma amayang’anira ntchito zonse zokhudza thanzi la amayi ndi ana zimene zimathandiza kuti ana abereke, azilandira chithandizo cha ana, azilandira chithandizo cha majeremusi, amapima anthu amene akukula, ndiponso amathandizira mabanja.

Kuchepetsa Kufa kwa Anthu ndi Kufa kwa Anthu

Maboma akhazikitsa makomiti openda za imfa za amayi, kukonza njira zothandizira ana obereka, kuwonjezera njira zosamalira ana obadwa asanabadwe, ndiponso kuletsa matenda a zauchibale.

Kuthandiza ana oyembekezera kumathandiza kuti azitha kusamala thanzi lawo, kumathandiza mabungwe a zaumoyo, ndi mabungwe ena a m’deralo.

Mautumiki Othandiza Ana Kupeza Thanzi ndi Kupititsa Patsogolo

Maboma amathandiza ana kukhala ndi thanzi labwino powasamalira paunyamata, kuteteza thanzi lawo, ndiponso kusamalira thanzi lawo.

Maprogramu a boma amapereka katemera, kupima kukula, kutetezera kuloŵedwa ndi mtovu, kuchirikiza chakudya chopatsa thanzi mwa maprogramu onga Wic, ndi mautumiki a ana ofunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Kuikizira kwa thanzi la ana kumeneku kumapereka mapindu anthaŵi yaitali, popeza kuti ana athanzi ali othekera kwambiri kupambana m'sukulu, kupeŵa matenda aakulu, ndi kukhala achikulire ogwira ntchito.

Kuyenera ndi Kuthetsa Kusiyana Kwake

Kusiyana kwa thanzi kochititsidwa ndi fuko, fuko, ndalama, malo, ndi zinthu zina n’zovuta kwambiri zimene zimawononga thanzi la anthu ndi kuswa malamulo achilungamo ndi kukondera.

Kulankhula ndi Anthu Odziŵa Zaumoyo

Zotsatirapo za thanzi zimasonkhezeredwa ndi mikhalidwe ya kakhalidwe ndi yachuma kuphatikizapo maphunziro, ntchito, nyumba, chisungiko cha chakudya, ndi malo okhala. Olamulira amene amazindikira kugwirizana kumeneku angagwiritsire ntchito njira za kagulu kampatuko zimene zimalankhulira za kuletsa thanzi la anthu limodzi ndi njira zaumoyo.

Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo malamulo akuti kuwonjezera nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa, kuwongolera mwaŵi wa maphunziro, kuwonjezera mwaŵi wa kupeza chakudya chabwino, kupangitsa mwaŵi wachuma m’midzi yosauka, ndi kuchepetsa ngozi za malo okhala m’madera osoŵa thandizo.

Kuchepetsa Kusiyana kwa Zaumoyo m’Madera Akumidzi

Malo a kumidzi amakumana ndi mavuto apadera a zaumoyo, monga kuchepa kwa njira zothandizira anthu odwala, kutsekedwa kwa zipatala, kuchuluka kwa matenda osatha, ndiponso kuchuluka kwa anthu ofa chifukwa cha matenda otha kutha.

Akuluakulu amene amaika zinthu zofunika pa moyo wawo wa kumidzi angathandize kuti malo a m’madera akumidzi asamaone mmene anthu akukhalira ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti anthu onse azikhala ndi mwayi wopeza thanzi labwino.

Kulankhulana kwa Onse za Umoyo ndi Maphunziro

Akuluakulu a boma ndi otchuka kwambiri polankhula ndi anthu za matenda, powaphunzitsa makhalidwe abwino, ndiponso pothandiza anthu kuti azithandizana pa nkhani zaumoyo.

Kulephera Kulankhulana

Pakagwa ngozi, kazembeyo amathandizanso kwambiri polankhula ndi anthu pa nthawi ya ngozi, kupereka malangizo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino.

Maboma ayenera kulinganiza zolinga zambiri zolankhulana mkati mwa mavuto: kupereka chidziŵitso cholongosoka, kusunga chidaliro cha anthu, kupeŵa mantha, kulinganiza mauthenga m’magulu, ndi kuyankhula ndi olakwika.

Mkupiti wa Kuchirikiza Thanzi

Kuphatikiza pa kulankhulana kwa mavuto, akazembe angagwiritse ntchito pulatifomu yawo kulimbikitsa khalidwe labwino ndi kuchititsa anthu kuzindikira nkhani za thanzi.

Akuluakulu amene amamenyera ntchito zaumoyo mwaumwini angawonjezere mphamvu yawo, akumagwiritsira ntchito kuwonekera kwawo kudziŵitsa za nkhani zofunika za thanzi ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Kugwirizana kwa Boma ndi Ubwenzi Waumodzi

Maboma amathandiza kwambiri anthu kuti apeze chithandizo komanso kuti athandizena ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo m’dzikolo.

Makonzedwe a Malipiro ndi Zopereka

Mabungwe a boma amapereka ndalama zambiri zothandizira maprogramu a zaumoyo a boma, kuphatikizapo kupereka ndalama zotetezera matenda, kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi, thanzi la malo okhala, thanzi la amayi ndi ana, ndi zinthu zina zambiri zofunika. Olamulira ndi antchito awo amagwira ntchito ndi boma kuti asungitse ndalama zimenezi, kutsimikizira kuti atsatira zofunika za boma, ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya kusungitsa ndalama m’madongosolo a zaumoyo a boma.

Pamene Boma ndi chuma cha kumaloko sizili zokwanira kuchitapo kanthu pa tsoka, kazembe angapemphe thandizo la Federal ndipo ayenera kudziŵa zofunika ndi njira zofunsira thandizo limeneli.

Chithandizo cha Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Kumeneko

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a m’deralo amathandiza kwambiri anthu, amachitira mautumiki mwachindunji kumadera ena. Unansi pakati pa boma ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo amasiyanasiyana m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo madipatimenti ena a m’deralo amagwira ntchito monga mabungwe a boma, pamene ena ali ndi madongosolo abwino odziimira paokha.

Ngakhale kuti gulu limakhala logwirizana, akazembe amathandiza anthu popereka ndalama, powathandiza pa ntchito zaumoyo, powatsogolera, ndiponso powayang’anira.

Ntchito Zothandiza Anthu Kuti Akhale ndi Thanzi Lotetezeka

• Emperency Management Leadership: Kulengeza zamwadzidzidzi, kulinganiza zoyesayesa za kuyankha, kutumiza Alonda a National, ndi kulankhula ndi anthu pamavuto
• Uyang'aniro wa Zaumoyo: Kuika akuluakulu a zaumoyo, kukhazikitsa bajeti, ndi kutsimikizira kukhoza kwa mautumiki ofunika a zaumoyo
• programu yotetezera: Kuchirikiza mpikisano wa katemera, njira zotetezera matenda osatha, ndi zoyesayesa zoletsa matenda opatsirana
• [[NT.0] Kutetezera thanzi la munthu: Kuyang'ana mpweya ndi madzi abwino, maprogramu oyendera chakudya, ndi zochita za kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la anthu
• Kuthandiza Access Initives: Kuyang'anira maprogramu a Medicaid, kusamalira kupereŵera kwa antchito a zaumoyo, ndi kutsimikizira mautumiki a zaumoyo apamwamba
• Mautumiki a Zaumoyo a Behavior: Kupereka thanzi la maganizo ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mautumiki othandizira kusokonezeka kwa matenda, ndi njira zogwira ntchito ku miliri ya kumwerekera
• Malamulo osawononga: Kutsatira malamulo a chitetezo cha pamsewu, maprogramu otetezera ngozi, ndi miyezo ya chisungiko cha kuntchito
• Materinal ndi Child Health: Kuchepetsa imfa za amayi, kutsimikizira kuti mwana alandira chisamaliro asanabadwe, ndi kuchirikiza thanzi la mwana ndi kukula
• Kuyesayesa kwamphamvu: Kulankhula za kusiyanitsa thanzi, kuletsa zaumoyo wa anthu, ndi kutsimikizira kuti anthu akumidzi atha kupeza thanzi labwino
• Kulankhulana kwa Pansi: Magulu ophunzitsa za maupandu a thanzi, kuchirikiza makhalidwe abwino, ndi kupereka chitsogozo chomveka bwino panthaŵi ya ngozi
• Kugwirizanitsa kwa Boma: Kugwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma, kuchirikiza madipatimenti a zaumoyo akwanuko, ndi kutsutsana
• Chitukuko cha Prolity: Malamulo okhazikitsa, kupereka malamulo a akuluakulu, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ulamuliro wauyang'aniro kupititsa patsogolo zolinga zaumoyo wa anthu

Mtsogolo mwa Utsogoleri wa Zaumoyo wa Anthu Onse

Matenda opatsirana, kusintha kwa nyengo kumakhudza thanzi la munthu, kuwonongeka kwa thanzi, kuwonongera ndalama zaumoyo, ndiponso luso la zopangapanga, zonsezi zimafuna utsogoleri woyenerera ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo ogwirizana ndi umboni.

Molunjika, NGA Center ikuchirikiza akazembe ndi akuluakulu ena a boma mwa kupereka chithandizo cha zopangapanga, ndi kusonkhezera otsogolera a Bwanamkubwa kusiyanitsa njira zabwino zoperekera zoneneratu za kubuka kwa matenda opatsirana ndi kuyankha kwamphamvu. Kusumika maganizo pa kusintha ndi machitachita abwino koposa kumasonyeza chisinthiko cha njira zaumoyo za anthu onse ndi kufunika kwa olamulira kutenga zida zatsopano ndi njira zofikira.

Mliri wa Covid-19 unasonyeza kufunika kwakukulu kwa utsogoleri wa anthu a zaumoyo ndi mavuto amene abwanamkubwa amayang'anizana nawo polinganiza zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kuyang'anira zitsenderezo za ndale zadziko, ndi kupanga zosankha zovuta popanda chidziŵitso chokwanira. M'zaka 2 zoyambirira za mliriwu, akazembe ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo anagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo zamwadzidzidzi kulimbana ndi mavuto a bungwe la COVID-19. M'dziko lonse ndi m'madera ena amalimbana ndi zilengezo ndi malamulo adzidzidzi ndi zigawo zopangitsa kuthamanga kwa anthu ndi chuma kumene anafunikira kwambiri.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, akazembe adzafunikira kusungabe njira zochirikizira zaumoyo wa anthu, kukonzekera kaamba ka ziwopsezo zamtsogolo, kusamalira kusokonezeka kwa thanzi kopitirizabe, ndi kusinthira ku mavuto a zathanzi. Kupambana kudzafunikira kudzipereka kwa ndale zadziko, zipangizo zokwanira, kugwirizana kogwira mtima, ndi kupanga maumboni.

Kumanganso Anthu Okhala M’malo Mwa Utsogoleri wa Zakudya

Pomalizira pake, gawo la kazembeyo amathandiza paumoyo wa anthu ndi kuteteza osati kungoyang’anira mavuto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu. Akazembe ogwira mtima amamanga madera amene angalimbane ndi zinthu zimene zingawachititse kusokonezeka, kusintha kwa zinthu, ndiponso kuthandiza anthu onse kukhala athanzi ndiponso otetezeka.

Zimenezi zimafuna njira yokwanira imene imagwirizanitsa thanzi la anthu ndi malamulo ena, kukambirana ndi zochititsa zazikulu za matenda mmalo mwa zizindikiro chabe, kugwirizanitsa anthu popanga zosankha, ndi kupitirizabe kukwaniritsa zoikizira zanthaŵi yaitali kuti awongolere thanzi. Olamulira amene amatsatira lingaliro laumoyo limeneli angasinthe maboma awo, kupanga malo okhala kumene anthu onse ali ndi mipata yopezera thanzi labwino.

Unansi pakati pa utsogoleri wa gulu ndi thanzi la anthu umagwira ntchito m’njira zosiyanasiyana: makonzedwe a ntchito, uyang’aniro, kugawira katundu, kukhazikitsa malamulo, kuyankha mwamsanga, ndi kulankhulana kwa anthu.

Pamene maboma akupitiriza kutumikira monga malabolatori a demokrase, kuyambika kwa zaumoyo wa anthu kukhoza kuyambitsa maphunziro ofunika ku maiko ena ndi kudziŵitsa malamulo a dziko. Olamulira amene amaika thanzi patsogolo, amapanga madongosolo aumoyo ozikidwa pa umboni, ndi kusungitsa njira zaumoyo za anthu aunyinji zimathandiza osati kokha ku ubwino wa nzika zawo komanso kupititsa patsogolo kachitidwe ka zaumoyo m’dziko lonselo.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka ponena za madongosolo a zaumoyo a boma ndi ulamuliro wa boma, chezerani Olamulira a Dzikolo Association ndi Merterters for Disease Control and Prevention . Ndalama zowonjezereka za kuyang'anira ngozi zingapezeke kupyolera mwa Emergency Management Agency .

Olamulira a ntchito zosiyanasiyana amathandiza kuteteza thanzi la anthu ndi chitetezo amasonyeza kuvuta kwa matenda a anthu amakono ndi kufunika kwa utsogoleri wamphamvu pa mlingo wa boma. Mwa ulamuliro wawo pa zinthu zaumoyo wa anthu onse, mphamvu za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zadzidzidzi, mphamvu zopanga malamulo, ndi kugawira katundu, olamulira amakonza zotsatira za moyo wa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Utsogoleri wawo pa zochitika zonse ziwiri zamasiku onse ndi mavuto aakulu amasankha ngati anthu angapewere matenda, kuchitapo kanthu pakachitika ngozi, ndi kuyambitsa mikhalidwe imene imachirikiza thanzi ndi ubwino wa onse.