Mmene Kupanga Kumauzira Boma Lathu

Njira Zopangira Zinthu

Masiku ano anthu amaponya mavoti m’njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Kuvota pa Tsiku la Chisankho: Njira yamwambo, yogwiritsiridwabe ntchito ndi ovota ambiri. Kumafunikira ulendo ku malo osankha osankhidwa ndi kupereka chizindikiritso.
• Kuvota koyamba: Maboma ambiri amapereka kuvota kwanthaŵi yoyamba kwa wovota pamalo osankhidwa, kuchepetsa mizera ndi kufalitsa wovota kwa masiku kapena milungu.
• Mapepala ovota: Ballot amatumizidwa kwa ovota amene kenaka amawabwezera ndi makalata kapena kupyolera m'mabokosi a pansi otetezeka. Njira imeneyi yakhala yotchuka kwambiri, makamaka pambuyo pa masankho 2020, ngakhale kuti imayang'aniridwa kwambiri ponena za chisungiko ndi kupezeka.

Mmene Zinthu Zinapangidwira

Maballot akupereka oyembekezera ma maofesi osiyanasiyana . pulezidenti, kazembe, opanga malamulo, oweruza limodzi ndi njira zothandizira kapena ma alove. Opanga apamwamba angasokoneze ovota ndi kutsogolera kwa otsika kapena opeka. “Aunyinji otchuka a kagulu ka pulezidenti" mu kusankha kwa 2000 kwa Florida ndi chitsanzo chowonekera bwino cha mmene kulinganiza kwa bolot kungayambukirire zotsatira. Madongosolo amakono a electronic ndi scan a maso angagalamu kuganiziritse kuchepetsa zolakwa, koma mapepala oŵerenga adakalibe muyezo kupenda ndi kusimba.

Kuŵerenga ndi Kulembetsa

Atamaliza kufufuza, akuluakulu a chisankho amaŵerengera mavoti [1] Usiku wa chisankho ndi kuŵerengera koyambirira, kutsatiridwa ndi ziŵerengero za boma zimene zimaphatikizapo kuphonya ndi mapepala a pulogalamu. Chikalata ndicho sitepe lomaliza, kumene boma kapena mabodi akwanuko amatsimikizira zotsatira. Kuoneka bwino panyengo imeneyi nkofunika kwambiri kuti anthu azikhala ndi chidaliro; malamulo ambiri tsopano akuchititsa zoŵerengera zapambuyo pa kugamula kuti atsimikizire ziŵerengero za makampani.

Chiyambukiro cha Kuyamikira Boma

Chivoti sichimatha pamene mavoti atha; ziyambukiro zake zimaloŵa m’mbali iliyonse ya ulamuliro. Zisankho zimapanga boma, zimaika malamulo ofunika, ndi kusonkhezera machenjera a kakhalidwe ka anthu ndi kachuma.

Zosankha za Malamulo

Akuluakulu osankhidwa mosapeŵeka amavomereza zofuna za oweruza, koma mlingo wa kulabadira umaimira . Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti pamene wovota ali wokwera pakati pa magulu a olandira ochepa, maboma amatsatira malamulo owonjezereka othandizira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene akutenga nawo malamulo kwa nzika zachuma, malamulo amakonda kuyanja mabrijini apamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, kupenda kwa boma ndi Broking Institution kwapeza kulinganiza kopindulitsa pakati pa votorrout ndi kuwoloŵa manja a maprogramu a makope a zachikhalidwe ([[FLT: 0]]] .

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri pa Malamulo

Zotsatira za chisankho sizimasankha amene ali ndi udindo, koma kuti ndi nkhani ziti zimene zimatchuka. Kusintha kwa ulamuliro wa bungwe la malamulo kungasinthe, kunena kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zapamwamba pokhoma misonkho, kapena kuchokera ku malamulo a chilengedwe kupita ku mphamvu. Kupangidwa kwa makomiti, maulamuliro a oyang’anira, ndi ulamuliro wa bwanamkubwa kumadalira pa zotsatira za masankho. M'madongosolo a pulezidenti, kuchuluka kwa boma logaŵana ndi logwirizana limakhudza mphamvu ndi malamulo.

Kusintha kwa Makhalidwe

Mabungwe a mbiri yakale a ufulu wa anthu, kupondereza akazi, ndi kulingana kwa ukwati zinakwaniritsa zolinga zawo mwa kuphatikiza zipani zopanga ndi kukakamiza kwa osankhidwa. Kutumiza kumapereka njira yopangira kupita patsogolo kwa chitaganya. Pamene chiŵerengero chokwanira cha ovota amene amachirikiza kukonzanso chilungamo, mwachitsanzo, malamulo atsopano onena za kuweruza, ntchito, ndi kubwezera.

Umodzi wa ndale ndi Kudalirana

Wovota wamkulu amalimbikitsa kutomerana kwa nzika zoikika. Anthu amene amavota ali othekera kwambiri kukambitsirana za ndale zadziko, kutsatira nkhani, ndi kukhala ndi phande m'ntchito za anthu. Mayendedwe abwino ameneŵa amalimbitsa chikhalidwe cha demokalase. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutembenuka kochepa kungatsogolere ku kugwiritsidwa mwala ndi kugwetsa chikhulupiriro m'mabungwe. Center for American Progress . Manotsi amene amanena ndi wovota wotsika kwambiri amasonyezanso mlingo wapamwamba wa kutsutsa kwa ndale zadziko ([[FLT: 0]] Mtendi wa American Progres – Democracy ndi Voting Access Accession [FLT]).

Zolepheretsa Kufalitsa

Mosasamala kanthu za kufunika kwa kutengamo mbali, osankha ambiri oyenerera amayang’anizana ndi zopinga zimene zimatsendereza kugalukira, kuchotsa magulu ena mwadongosolo, kapena kufooketsa chidaliro m’kukhulupirika kwa masankho.

Muzikhala ndi Malamulo a Chikalata

Maboma oposa 30 akhazikitsa malamulo otsimikizira opanga mavoti. Pamene kuli kwakuti ochirikiza amatsutsa kuletsa chinyengo, kufufuza kokhazikika kumapeza kuti wovotayo ngwachilendo. Chigwirizano cha Akazi chikuyerekezera kuti malamulo ameneŵa amayambukira mosapeŵeka osankha mitundu, okalamba, ndi anthu amene ali ndi ndalama zochepa, amene sangakhale ndi mitundu yofunikira ya ID. Chiyambukiro pa kubwerera chingakhale chofunika kwambiri; mwachitsanzo, chigamulo cha Khoti Lapamwamba la 2013 ku Shelby County v. Raker analola maulamuliro ndi mbiri ya tsankho kusintha malamulo a kusanthula popanda kuonekeratu kwa boma, kuchititsa kuchuluka kwa ziyeneretso m'dziko la kummwera.

Magazini Oti Mupeze Chidziŵitso

Kupezeka kwa zinthu kumavuta kwa anthu ambiri. Malo ambiri opanda zitsulo za opuwala, ali ndi zitseko zopapatiza, kapena ali m’nyumba zopanda zikwangwani zokwanira kwa ovota osaona. Zipinga za zinenero zikupitirizabe: Chikalata cha Coting Rights Act ifuna kuti anthu athandizidwe m'mayiko ena, koma n’zosagwirizana. Kuwonjezera apo, osankha amene amagwira ntchito zambiri kapena kusoŵa zoyendera angaone kuti n’zovuta kufika kumalo oonera m’maola ochepa. National Disability Network imalimbikitsa kuwonjezereka kwa njira zovota, kuphatikizapo Khotera ndi pa kutumiza katundu wa pa foni.

Kukayikira ndi Kusadziŵa Zinthu

Kufalikira kwa chidziŵitso chonyenga ponena za kuvota . monga ngati masiku olakwika, zinenezo zachinyengo, kapena mphekesera ponena za kusokoneza ndi kuletsa kusokoneza. Mapulaneti a za mayanjano akhala malo opangira kuchotsa mawu, nthaŵi zina owonjezereka ndi a akanema osakhala a dziko ena ofuna kufesa kusagwirizana. Chifukwa chakuti ovota kaŵirikaŵiri amagaŵana mawu osatsutsika m'mabungwe aumwini, kuwongolera mabodza kumafuna zoyesayesa zosonkhezera kwa akuluakulu a masankhoti, maprogramu a zaumboni, ndi makampani a za tekinoloji. The Cybersecurity ndi Inture Secuality Agement (CISA) amapereka chuma chochotsa chisankho cha chisankho ([FL:] CISA .

Mavuto a Kulembetsa

Njira zolembedwa zovuta kwambiri . monga ngati masiku olembetsera oyambirira, zoletsa kukonza maadiresi, ndi kuchotsa mapepala ovota . Chivotichiza mamiliyoni ambiri. American Civil Liberéries Union (ACLU) yalemba nkhani zambiri zimene osankha oyenerera anachotsedwapo pa mindandanda ya zolakwa za atsogoleri kapena malamulo olakwika. Kulembetsa tsiku limodzi ndi kulembetsa kodzisankhira kwasonyezedwa kuwonjezera ndi 5 kufika ku 10 peresenti ya mawu amene anawalandira.

Kukhumudwa Kochititsa Chidwi

Pafupifupi 4,6 miliyoni Aamereka okhala ndi zikhululukiro zaupandu sangavote chifukwa cha malamulo amene amaletsa ufulu wovota kwa zaka zambiri kapena ngakhale kosatha pambuyo pa kumasulidwa. Zimenezi zikuyambukira kwambiri midzi ya Aafirika, amene aikidwa m’ndende pamiyezo yapamwamba. Kusintha kwaposachedwapa m’maiko onga Florida ndi California kwabwezeretsa ufulu kwa ambiri, koma ntchito ya malamulo imadzetsa chisokonezo ndi zopinga zosatha.

Mbali ya Maphunziro m’Kusinthasintha Zinthu

Kusanthula anthu ndi pulogalamu yapamwamba n’kofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale demokrase yathanzi.

Maphunziro Abwino

Pafupifupi theka la maboma a United States amafunikira chaka chonse cha maphunziro a boma. Ophunzira amene amaphunzira za nthambi zitatu za boma, mbiri ya ufulu wovota, ndi mmene angalembetsere kuti avote monga achikulire. Mabungwe onga iCbictures, okhazikitsidwa ndi yemwe kale anali Woweruza Wamkulu wa Bwalo Lapamwamba Sandra Day O’Connor, amapereka zinthu zothandizira kuti aperekere zinthu zimene zimayerekezera malamulo ndi malamulo, kulimbikitsa kuvomereza mozama. Umboni wochokera ku Center for Information & Cviclic Learn and Civicementmentment (CIREment) umasonyeza kuti achinyamata amene amalandira maphunziro apamwamba a zaumoyo wawo ayenera kuvota m'sankhoti yawo yoyamba.

Mabuku Opangira Zinthu ndi Chidziŵitso

Chidziŵitso chopezeka, chosapartisan chonena za oyembekezera kubatizidwa, kutsata, ndi kuvota zimapatsa mphamvu nzika za dziko. Ma Website onga Vote.org ndi Canivote org amapereka tsatanetsatane wa kulembetsa, kusanthula malo, ndi ofufuza. Maofesi ambiri a chisankho amatumizanso zida zamakono ndi ofufuza. M'malo ovomerezeka, mameseji odalirika monga laibulale, matchalitchi, ndi m'malo a chitaganya amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pofalitsa chidziŵitso cholondola.

Kuloŵa M’gulu

Voter imakwera pamene anansi alankhula ndi anansi. Maphunziro ochokera ku Yale Institute for Social and Policy Studies amasonyeza kuti kuyang'ana nkhope ndi kujambula ndi kutumiza kochitidwa bwino kungadzutse malingaliro angapo. Magulu amene amaloŵa m'malo ochezera, mawotchi okambirana, kapena ma shati oikamo zinthu za kampani amathandiza otola kugwirizanitsa mademokrase ku miyoyo yawo ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Mbali imeneyi ya onse ya kuvota imalimbitsa lingaliro lakuti kugawana sikuli kachitidwe kamodzi kokha koma thayo la onse.

Kuganiza Bwino Ndiponso Kuphunzira

Pa nthawi imene anthu akukhala ndi chidziŵitso chochuluka ndiponso oulutsa nkhani, ovota ayenera kupenda kudalirika kwa anthu ofunsira ndi malamulo. Maphunziro a zauthenga amaphunzitsa mmene angadziŵire tsankho, kuyang'ana kumene amafufuza, ndi kusiyanitsa nkhani zoona ndi maganizo kapena mabodza. Masukulu akuluakulu awonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro a makompyuta ku sukulu zawo.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu ndi Tanthauzo Lake

Voter jitout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pa masankho a mapulani opanga mapulani osakwana 50%. Mapulani a yunivesite, mabungwe a mizinda, maofesi oikapo anthu, kaŵirikaŵiri onera pansi pa 20%.

Kutsika kwa anthu kuli vuto chifukwa chakuti akuluakulu osankhidwa amalabadira kwambiri ovota kuposa osakhala andale. Pamene kutenga nawo mbali kumasokonezeka ndi okalamba, olemera, oyera, malamulo a anthu onse akusonyeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri, pamene kuli kwakuti zosoŵa za achichepere, osauka, ndi anthu osiyanasiyana amanyalanyaza. Kusintha kumafuna kukambirana ndi zopinga zonse ziŵiri ndi zifooko za anthu. Kulembetsa kwa kampani, maholide a voti, ndi makalata owonjezereka akusonyeza kuti atenga nawo mbali. Pakali pano, njira za pulogalamu yogogomezera nkhani zazikulu za ma PNGscrece ya ku Foffany zingasonsonkhanitsenso otengapo kanthu.

Mayiko amene amavota mokakamiza monga Australia ndi Belgium, nthaŵi zambiri amakwanitsa kuvota pamlingo woposa 85 peresenti.

Mavuto Amakono ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Kumvetsa nkhani zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri kuti anthu azitha kuvota, kukhala otetezeka, ndiponso kuti zinthu zikhale zodalirika.

Luso la Zamakono ndi Chisungiko

Makina ovota amagetsi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka makumi ambiri, koma nkhaŵa za kudula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a pulogalamu yachititsa kubwereranso ku mapepala m'mayiko ambiri. Njira zapapepala zimapangitsa kufufuza ndi kusimba, kupereka zolembedwa zimene zingapimidwe kukaona ndi makompyuta. Akatswiri a magetsi a ku Cybersecurity akugogomezera kuti palibe dongosolo limene lingathe kuletsedwa kotheratu, koma chitetezo chokhala ndi zitsutso , kuphatikizapo kupima, kupenda kwapambuyo kwa , ndi kutumiza zotsatirapo za zotulukapo. Kugaŵa kwa Inslactive Inficial Inficial Inficial Invial Invicial Invicial and Sumpers Center (IAC) zimathandiza akuluakulu a masankhoti a masankhotior kuwner.

Kutsendereza ndi Kupeza

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, malamulo ambiri oletsa kuvota aperekedwa m’mayiko ambiri, omwe nthaŵi zambiri amavomerezedwa ndi mantha a chinyengo. Otsutsa akutsutsa njira zimenezi ndi njira yopondereza kuti kutsendereza anthu ochepa. Mwachibadwa, maboma ambiri awonjezera njira yawo yolembera pa Intaneti, kulembetsa pepala la voti, ndipo palibe mexcuse amene sapanga voti. Nkhondo pakati pa kuletsa ndi kufutukuka kwa boma idzapitirizabe, ndi kutsenderezedwa kwa malamulo a mavoti a m’tsogolo.

Kusintha Zinthu Kuyandikira

Kusintha kumene kukufunika kuti alimbikitse demokalase kumaphatikizapo izi:

• Kuvota [1] Kulola ovota kugamula pa mpambo wa ofunsira; ngati palibe wobatizidwa wofika kwa unyinji, wobatizidwa wotsika kwambiri amachotsedwa ndi kuvotera kufalitsidwa. Zimenezi zingachepetse ndawala yotsutsa ndi kutsimikizira opambana kukhala ndi chichirikizo chachikulu.
• Mabungwe osintha madera: adalengedwa kulimbana ndi kugwetsa mwa kuchotsa mapu magetsi kuchokera kwa opanga malamulo.
• [[NT.0] Ndawala ya polisi ya zachuma: Kuyerekezera zopereka zazing'ono ndi ndalama za boma kuchepetsa chisonkhezero cha opereka ndi ma PC aakulu.
• . . . . . . chivoti chotchuka cha dziko: Chipangano cha boma chimene chikalandira mavoti osankhidwa kwa wopambana wotchuka wa chivoti cha dzikolo pamene maboma ogwirizana.

Kusintha kulikonse kuyang’anizana ndi zopinga za ndale zadziko, koma ochirikiza akuvomereza kuti iwo angawonjezere pangano la chivoti ndi chidaliro.

Kumaliza

Kutulutsa ndi chida champhamvu kwambiri chimene nzika zili nacho kuti ziumbe boma lawo. Kusankha amene akulemba malamulo, kukhazikitsa bajeti, ndi kumasulira chilungamo. Komabe, lonjezo la demokrase limakwaniritsidwa kokha pamene ovota onse oyenerera angatengemo mbali mwaufulu ndi molingana. Zoletsa zimene zikukhalabe ndi malamulo oletsa kuchepetsa maphunziro osakwanira ndi kusintha. Mwakukulitsa kupezeka, kuwongolera maphunziro a boma, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito luso la zopangapangapanga zimene zimawonjezera chisungiko popanda kutsendereza, mabungwe angafanane ndi cholinga cha boma limene limasonyezadi chifuniro cha anthu. Chosankha chilichonse ndi mpata wotsimikizira mfundo ya maziko amene ali ndi ulamuliro wovomerezeka kuvomereza ulamuliro. Mkhalidwe wa boma, sikupanga kokha boma.