Kuthetsa Mikangano ya Chiŵeniŵeni: Kuthetsa Mlandu, Kuzenga Mlandu, ndi Kuweruza

Kuweruza kwa boma kumapereka njira zothetsera mikangano pakati pa anthu, kuchotsa zonse kuyambira pa pangano losemphana ndi katundu ndi kusagwirizana kwa zinthu ndi kusagwirizana pantchito. Ngakhale kuti kuyembekezera kuzengedwa mlandu kumalamulira anthu, milandu yambiri sikumafika pa siteshoni imeneyo. M’malo mwake, zimakonzedwa mwa njira zina zokambirana zonga ngati kuulutsa ndi kukambirana zinthu, kapena kukambirana . Njira iliyonse imapereka mapindu odziŵika bwino, zofunika, zofunikira za m'khoti, ndi zogwirizana ndi zochitika. Kumvetsa mmene zimenezi zimagwirira ntchito — ndipo pamene chimodzi ndi chimodzi chiri choyenera — nkofunika kwa aliyense kuphunzira dongosolo lalamulo kapena kuyang'anizana ndi mkangano wothekera.

Wotsogolera wofutukula ameneyu akupenda njira zitatu zazikulu zothetsera milandu ya boma: kuweruza, kuweruza, ndi milandu. Tidzafufuza ziŵiya zawo, mapindu, zopimira, ndi mapsipulo enieni a dziko, kugaŵira chidziŵitso chokwanira kwa aphunzitsi alamulo, ophunzira, ndi akatswiri ofuna kudziŵa bwino za chigamulo cha mkangano wa boma.

Kuthetsa Chipwirikiti cha Chiŵeniŵeni

Chigamulo chachiŵeniŵeni chilipo m’mbali ya kupitiriza. Pambali ina pali kukambitsirana kwachinsinsi kwachindunji, kwachinsinsi pakati pa mapwandowo. Pamapeto pa kugamula kwapoyera, kutsimikiza mtima kogwirizana kwa woweruza kapena wa khoti pambuyo pa kuzenga mlandu wonse. Kukambitsirana ndi kuchotsa kuli pakati, kupereka njira zogwirizana zophatikiza mbali za kukambitsirana kwaumwini ndi kuletsa kwalamulo. Njira zosankhidwa pakati pa njira zimenezi zimadalira pa zinthu kuphatikizapo mkhalidwe wa mkanganowo, unansi pakati pa mapwando, unyinji wa mapwando, chiwonekedwe chamtengo, nthaŵi yotsekemera, ndi ukulu wokhumba kulamulira pa chotulukapo.

Milandu yambiri yachiŵeniŵeni imathetsedwa asanafikire ku kuzenga mlandu. Malinga ndi chidziŵitso chochokera ku makhoti a boma, milandu yosachepera 2% yoweruzidwa ku kuzengedwa mlandu. Yotsala imathetsedwa m’midzi, kuchotsedwa modzifunira, kapena kusachitapo kanthu konga ngati chiweruzo chachidule. Zimenezi zikugogomezera kufunika kwa kuzindikira njira zonse zopangira zosankha zimene zilipo.

Kuthetsa Vuto Lochuluka

Kulankhulana kuli njira yodzifunira, yachinsinsi imene mkhalapakati wa mbali yachitatu — mkhalapakati — amatheketsa kulankhulana pakati pa otsutsana kuwathandiza kufikira chosankha chawo chovomerezeka. Mosiyana ndi woweruza kapena wolankhulira, nkhosweyo samakakamiza. M’malo mwake, nkhosweyo amathandiza oloŵetsedwawo kudziŵa zinthu zofunika, kufufuza njira zolankhulirana, ndi kugonjetsa zopinga zimene zinaletsa chigamulo choyambirira.

Kulengeza kwakhala maziko a kuvomereza kwamakono kwa boma. Makhoti ambiri amafuna kuti anthu azichita nawo mbali zina za kuvomereza mlandu tsiku lisanakhazikike, makamaka m’malamulo a banja, ntchito, ndi milandu ya zamalonda. Mabungwe ameneŵa amasonyeza mbiri ya mzera wa manyuzipepala yosonyeza kutulutsa zotulukapo zokhalitsa, zokhutiritsa pamene akusunga chuma chachiweruzo.

Zimene Zimasonyeza Kuti Nkhaniyi Ndi Yosiyana Kwambiri

Njira zothetsera mkangano zimasiyana ndi njira zina zofunika kwambiri:

  • Party Autonomy : Maphwando amalamulira kotheratu zotulukapo. Iwo angalandire, kukana, kapena kusintha chigamulo chilichonse cholingaliridwa.
  • Kuulula: Kulankhulana kwa mawu kaŵirikaŵiri kumatetezeredwa ku kuulutsidwa m'zochitika zotsatira, kulola anthu kulankhula momasuka za zikondwerero zawo ndi nkhaŵa zawo.
  • Kusungidwa kwa kampani: Chifukwa chakuti kuulutsa nkhani kumasumika pa vuto logwirizana mmalo mwa kukhazikitsa malo, kaŵirikaŵiri kumathandizira kusungitsa malonda kapena maunansi aumwini osatha.
  • Kukhoza: Kulimbana kungathetse malingaliro, ubwenzi, ndi mbali zothandiza za mkangano umene unganyalanyaze kapena kuchititsa chiwombankhanga.
  • Liŵiro ndi kusagwira ntchito: Nthaŵi zambiri zingalinganizidwe m'milungu mmalo mwa miyezi kapena zaka, ndipo magawo kaŵirikaŵiri amatha tsiku limodzi kapena pang’ono.

Mapindu a Kulankhulana

Kupyola pa mbali za nyumba, kukhazikitsa malamulo kumapereka mapindu otsimikizirika kwa ma ligigital. Kusunga ndalama kungachitike. Kusungidwa kwa masiku ambiri kungawononge ndalama zochepa zimene ngakhale kuzenga mlandu kwachidule kungafunikire m'malipiro a loya, kukonzekera kwa akatswiri ochitira umboni, ndi ndalama zowonongera nthaŵi. Kusunga nthaŵi kuli kofunika kwambiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti kuzenga mlandu kwa boma kungalinganiziridwe chaka chimodzi kapena zambiri pambuyo pa kukonza, kaŵirikaŵiri kungachitike m'nthaŵi yoŵerengera, kukhoza kukonza nkhaniyo isanatuluke.

Mwachitsanzo, anthu amene ali pamkangano wa bizinesi angavomereze kuti pali makonzedwe a ndalama zolipiridwa, kukambirana nthaŵi zonse, kapena kukambirana za bizinesi m’tsogolo — njira zothetsera mavuto opitirira pa ndalama zimene khoti likanawononga kapena kulamula kuti lipereke mphoto.

M’mikangano yachinsinsi yokhudzana ndi malonda, kukambirana za pangano la ntchito, kapena nkhani zokhudza ntchito zimene zingawononge mbiri ya akatswiri, nkhani zachinsinsi za kuvomereza mlandu zimapindulitsa kwambiri kuposa milandu ya khoti.

Mmene Anayankhira Zinthu Mwatsatanetsatane

Ngakhale kuti masitayelo a makampani oulutsa nkhani amasiyanasiyana, njira zambiri zotsatirira malonda ndi zamalonda zimayendera njira yodziŵiratu:

Preparation Pasting .[FLT :1] Asanakhale deti la kuulutsa, zipani zimatumiza chinsinsi kwa nkhoswe yosonyeza malo awo, umboni wawo wofunika, ndi zonulirapo zothetsera. Mkhalapakati amapenda zipangizo zimenezi ndi kuchititsa misonkhano yoyambirira ya telefoni kuti amvetsetse mphamvu za nkhaniyo.

Seminale yotsegulira. Mkhalapakati abweretsa zigamulo zonse ndi uphungu wawo pamodzi kaamba ka mawu oyamba. Nkhoswe akufotokoza malamulo anthaka, kutsimikizira chinsinsi, ndi kukhazikitsa ziyembekezo. Gulu lililonse lingapereke ndemanga yotsegulira kawonedwe kake pa mkanganowo.

Kukambitsirana kwa Nkhoswe. Mkhalapakati amathandizira kukambitsirana kolinganizidwa kumene mayanjano angafunse mafunso, kumveketsa malo, ndi kuzindikira mbali za kugwirizana. Mbali imeneyi ingakhale yopindulitsa koma imafunikira oyang'anira mosamalitsa kuletsa kuulutsa kapena kutsutsana kosabala kanthu.

Private Caucuses. Mkhalapakati amakumana mosiyana ndi mbali iliyonse m'zigawo zachinsinsi. Masuwero ameneŵa ndizo maziko a ntchito youlutsira. Mkhalapakati angafufuze zofuna za gulu lililonse, kuyesa mphamvu za malo alamulo, kukambirana mipatuko, ndi kulinganiza kuti magulu ayese kukulitsa chigawo chimodzi.

Kusintha ndi Chipangano. Kupyolera m'zotengera zotsatizana, chombo chopitira kugawira pakati pa zigamulo, zopereka ndi zopimira kupeza malo ogwirizana. Pamene mawu afikiridwa, nkhoswe amagwira ntchito ndi uphungu kupanga pangano loikizira.

Chilengezo chingalephere ngati mamembalawo sagwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zabwino, ngati kusiyana pakati pa malo nkwakukulu kwambiri, kapena ngati wina akhulupirira kuti adzapeza chotulukapo chabwinopo mwa kutchula. Komabe, kuvomereza kuli ndi chipambano chokulirapo — kufufuza kuchokera ku American Arbitration Association ndi opereka ADR ena akusimba za chiŵerengero cha 70% kufikira 85% kapena kukwera kwa oimira.

Kutenga Malamulo: Kuchiritsa Kwachinsinsi Kokhala ndi Chiyambukiro Chogwirizanitsa

Arbitation iri ndi maziko apakati pakati pa kusinthika kwa bungwe la oudistus ndi kukhazikitsa kwa lamulo kwa kugamula mlandu. M'kusintha, maguluwo amapereka mlandu wawo kwa mmodzi kapena oweruza osaloŵererapo amene apereka chigamulo — chotchedwa mphotho — chimene kwenikweni chimasungidwa ndi lamulo. Arbitrotion imalamulidwa ndi Federal Arbitration Act ndi malamulo ofanana ndi amenewo, zimene zimapanga lingaliro lamphamvu lovomereza kusungidwa kwa mapangano a bungwe logwirizanitsa dziko.

Kutchuka kwake kumachokera m’malonjezo ake a kuyendetsa bwino zinthu, kumaliza kwake, ndi ukatswiri, ngakhale kuti osuliza amadzutsa nkhaŵa za kunyonyotsoka kwa kuloŵa m’makhoti ndi kuthekera kwa kuchita zinthu mosalungama m’nkhani zofunikira.

Mitundu ya Kusintha

Kugwirizanitsa kungapangidwe m’njira zambiri malinga ndi chivomerezo cha ogwirizanawo:

  • [[FLT: 0] Binding vs. Osati Binding : Pogwirizanitsa, mphotho ndi yomaliza ndi yokakamiza m’khoti. Kusagwirizanitsa kuli kwenikweni kutsekereza, ngakhale kuti kungapereke maziko a kugaŵidwa.
  • Mansitation v. Freey: Mapangano ambiri amafuna kuikidwa monga chokhalira chokha kaamba ka mikangano. Kudzifunira kumachitika pamene mapangano avomereza kuvomereza kukangana komwe kulipo.
  • Ad Hoc vs. Institution: Kusanthula kumatsatira njira zimene maphwando amapanga. Institution arbitrotion imayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe monga American Arbithotion Association kapena JAMS, imene imapereka malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi chichirikizo cha ulamuliro.
  • Imodzi yokha Arbitator vs. Mabungwe: Mikangano yaing'ono kaŵirikaŵiri imagwiritsira ntchito arbitor imodzi. Nkhani zazikulu kapena zambiri zingagwiritsire ntchito gulu la arbitor , limodzi ndi gulu lililonse losankha mmodzi wa arbitor ndi ma arbitor aŵiri oikidwa ndi otsogolera a gulu la osankha mpando.

Mapindu a Kusintha

Partibitation imasankha kulinganiza zinthu pazifukwa zimene zimapyola pa liŵiro ndi kusungidwa kwa ndalama, ngakhale kuti zimenezo ndizo nsonga zazikulu. Umisiri wa okonza makampani ndizo zotchuka. M'mafakitale monga kumanga, zandalama, mankhwala, kapena zinthu zanzeru, maphwando angasankhe operekera chidziŵitso chapadera cha nkhani, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa umboni waluso ndi kuwonjezera kuthekera kwa kupanga chosankha bwino.

Kusinthasintha kwa chikhalidwe kumachititsa anthu kutulukira, kumvetsera, ndi malamulo oonekera bwino pa zosoŵa zawo. Zimenezi nzosiyana ndi malamulo a malamulo apamwamba amene amalamulira milandu ya khoti. M'mikangano yamitundu yonse, kutumiza kumapereka uchete — palibe chipani chimene chimakakamizidwa kuvomereza m'khoti lapanyumba ina — ndi Msonkhano wa New York wa ku Rectigion and Enkurcement of Foreign Arbital Award kumapanga maodale m'mayiko oposa 170.

Mlandu wa kubisa mlandu ndi wa anthu ambiri, koma kuweruza mlandu ndi nkhani zachinsinsi, ndipo mphoto zimakhala zachinsinsi ngati munthu atazengedwa mlandu m’khoti.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Kumasulira kumatsatira dongosolo limene limafanana, koma kaŵirikaŵiri si kwamwambo kwenikweni kuposa, kuzenga mlandu:

Kusintha ndi Kusintha. Kachitidweko kamayamba pamene munthu akonza chipani kuti chidziloŵetse, kupempha chiganizo cha kutumiza m'pangano lawo kapena pangano losiyana. Kutsogolera kapena maguluwo okha amasankha arbitrator (s).

Msonkhano Woyambirira ndi Kukonza. Woyang'anira amakhazikitsa ndandanda yoyambirira ya kukhazikitsa ndandanda ya ndandanda ya malembo, kuphatikizapo nthaŵi zoikidwiratu kaamba ka kusinthana mapepala, mpambo wa umboni, ndi masiku akumva. Maguluwo angavomereze kupezedwa kochepa, ngakhale kuti kupezedwa kwathunthu konga kuja ku bwalo lamilandu la boma nkosoŵa.

Kugonjera Komvera. [[FT:1] Maparikiti amasinthanitsa zikalata zoyenerera, kutumiza chidule cha kumva kusanachitike, ndipo angapereke ndalama zochepa ngati pangano la kutumiza kapena malamulo alola. Malipoti a Expart amasinthanitsidwa kwambiri musanamve.

Kumva. [[FLT: 1] Kumva kwa kutsegulidwa kumafanana ndi mlandu koma kuli kochepera. Magulu amene alipo otsegulira, mboni, kuyambitsa umboni, ndi kupereka mfundo zotsekera. Woyang’anira angafunse mafunso ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri angayang'anitsire kayendedwe ndi ukulu wa umboni. Umboni umamasuka; woyang’anira akuvomereza kaŵirikaŵiri umboni uliwonse umene uli woyenerera ndi wolembedwa.

Mphotho. Pambuyo pa kumaliza mlandu, wokonza mapangano ndi kutulutsa chigamulo . Pokhazikitsa chisankho, mphotho ndi yomaliza ndi yoŵerengeka kwambiri. Makhoti angapereke mphoto pa malo opapatiza okha: chinyengo kapena chiphuphu, chiwembu, mphamvu, kapena kulephera kupereka kuyankha koyenera. Zolakwa zachiweruzo kapena lamulo ndizo zokhazokha zimene zimasintha.

Zovuta Zimene Zingachitike Chifukwa cha Kusudzulidwa

Ngakhale kuti pali ubwino wake, kuletsa kuli ndi ntchito yofunika. Mapangano amene nthaŵi zambiri amafunika kukhala ndi phindu amatanthauzanso kuti palibe njira yatanthauzo yopimira zosankha zolakwika. Kutulukira kuli ndi malire, kumene kungalepheretse anthu amene angafunikire umboni wa mapulogalamu apadera. M'nkhani za malonda ndi za ntchito, mawu okakamiza oletsedwa asanachotsedwe mawu a m'malamulo asulizidwa chifukwa cha kukakamiza magulu ocheperapo kuti ayambe kuchita zinthu zodula zimene zilibe chitetezo cha khoti.

Kulipira kwa kutumiza boma kungakhalenso kokulira. Malipiro a kukwera, malipiro a ozembetsa, ndi milandu ya ulamuliro zingapose ndalama zolipidwa za khoti m'makhoti ofanana. Pamikangano ing'onoing'ono, ndalama zimenezi zingakhale zoletsa, ngakhale kuti mabungwe ambiri amapereka njira zochepetsera zinthu zonena kuti zili ndi mtengo wotsika.

Kaamba ka chitsogozo cha ulamuliro pa malamulo ndi njira zogawira, American Arbitration Association imapereka ziŵiya zochuluka, ziganizo zachitsanzo, ndi mautumiki a oyendetsa.

Mayesero: Njira Yachikhalidwe Yofikira ku Mapeto

Mayeso a boma amaimira njira yalamulo ndi yolimba kwambiri yothetsera mikangano. Kuchitidwa m’khoti lapoyera pamaso pa woweruza (ndipo nthaŵi zina ajuli), kuzenga milandu kugamula mlandu ndi zowonongeka zozikidwa pa umboni ndi zigomeko zoperekedwa pansi pa malamulo okhwima. Pamene kuli kwakuti milandu yambiri yachiŵeniŵeni imatha kapena imathetsedwa mwa kulephera kuweruza — imakhalabe ndi maziko a malamulo oletsa njira zonse zochitira zinthu.

Kuyenera kwa mlandu wa ajuli m’milandu yachiŵeniŵeni kumatetezeredwa ndi Seventh - Amendment ku Malamulo a United States m’makhoti a boma, ndipo mwa malamulo a boma ofanana. Ufulu umenewu ungachotsedwe ndi magulu, amene m’malo mwake angasankhe kuzenga mlandu pa benchi pamaso pa woweruza yekha.

Malamulo a Mlandu wa Chiŵeniŵeni

Kuzenga mlandu kwa boma kukubuka m’zigawo zotsatizana bwino, zonse zokhala ndi tanthauzo lakelake lapadera:

[[FLT: 0] Chisankho cha Jury (Voir Dire). M'kuweruza kwa ajuli, kachitidweko kamayamba ndi chiwopsezo cha jaji, pamene maloya ndi oweruza amafunsa mafunso oyembekezera kudziŵikitsa tsankhu ndi kutsimikizira kupanda tsankho. Mbali iliyonse ili ndi unyinji wochepa wa mavuto opitikitsa othekera kuchotsa oweruza popanda chifukwa, ndi mavuto osatha kaamba ka chifukwa.

Mfundo zotseguka. Gulu lililonse limapereka kufupia kwa umboni umene likuyembekezera kuyambitsa. Mawu otsegulira sali mikangano koma mapu a misewu yeniyeni amene amathandiza oweruza kumvetsa tanthauzo la umboni ndi zionetsero zimene amva.

Plaintiff's Case-in-Chief . Mtsogoleri amanyamula chitsimikiziro — makamaka mwa kupenda umboni, kutanthauza wofufuzayo ayenera kusonyeza kuti nkothekera kwambiri kuposa kuti kalembedwe kawo ka zochitika kali kowona. Wolembayo amapereka mboni kaamba ka kusanthula kwachindunji, kudziŵikitsa zikalata ndi zisonyezero zina, ndipo angaitane mboni zaluso kupereka malingaliro apadera.

[[FLT: 0] Nkhani ya Defentant. [[FLT :1] Atagona, woimbidwa mlandu angapereke umboni, kuphatikizapo mboni zawo ndi zisonyezero. Woimbidwa mlanduyo angasunthikenso kuweruza monga nkhani ya lamulo, kutsutsana ndi wotsutsayo kulephera kukwaniritsa mtolo wawo. Ngati aloledwa, mlanduwo utha pano.

Kufotokoza mawu. Mbali iliyonse imafupikitsa umboni ndi kutsutsa chifukwa chake ajuli ayenera kupeza kuyanja kwawo. Woweruza amalankhula choyamba ndipo angapereke chitsutso pambuyo pa mawu a woimbidwa mlandu.

Jury Confect and Delibration . Woweruza amalangiza oweruza pa lamulo logwirizana. Oweruza amapuma paumboni wadala ndi kufikira chigamulo. M'nkhani za boma, chiweruzocho sichiyenera kuyendera limodzi pokhapo ngati apolisiwo avomereza kapena a boma apereka lamulo lina.

Jodgment ndi Post-Trial Acts. Khoti limayamba kugamula mozikidwa pa chigamulo. Gulu lotayika lingapange mafashoni a kuzenga mlandu watsopano kapena kugwetsa chigamulocho motsutsana ndi kulemera kwa umboni. Zipilala zimatsatira chiweruzo chomaliza.

Pamene Mlandu Unaweruzidwa Bwino

Ngati pakufunika kulipira ndalama zambiri — mwachitsanzo, pa mikangano yovuta ya zamalonda, kuchuluka kwa matuza, kapena nkhani zoopsa — kuchira kungalungamitse kulipirako.

Ziyeso zimakhalanso zofunika pamene kukambitsirana kwa kukambirana kwalephera, pamene nkhani zenizeni za otsaganawo sizingagwirizane kwenikweni, kapena pamene munthu wina sakufuna kulolera pa mfundo zachikhalidwe. Nthaŵi zina, chiwopsezo chodalirika cha chipani cha kuweruza mlandu chingakhale chida champhamvu kwambiri pokambirana nkhani zokambirana.

Kuopsa kwa Kuzenga mlandu

Zotsatira zake n’zosatsimikizirika. Mayeso a Juries angakhale osatsimikizirika, ndipo ngakhale oweruza ozoloŵera sangatsimikizire zotsatirapo. Kukonzekera mlandu — ndalama zochitira umboni, ndalama zoikizira ndalama, kuonetsedwa kwa mlandu, ndi nthaŵi ya loya — zingakhale zazikulu. Kuzenga mlandu kumene kumatenga masiku asanu m'khoti kungatenge maola mazana ambiri akukonzekera. Kuchonderera kwa poti azenga mlandu kungatalikitse njirayo kwa zaka zambiri.

Kuulutsidwa kwa anthu ndi nkhani zina, chifukwa chakuti ziyeso zimachitidwa ndi anthu onse.

Kuti mumvetsetse njira zozenga mlandu wa boma m'khoti la boma, webusaiti ya ya ku United States imapereka mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane a mbali iliyonse ya kugamula.

Kupenda Koyerekezera: Kusankha Njira Yabwino

Kusankha pakati pa unduna, kusanthula, ndi kuzenga kumadalira pa kusanthula mosamalitsa zinthu zambiri. Palibe njira imodzi imene ili yoposa padziko lonse. Kulingaliraku kuyenera kutsogolera opanga:

  • [[FLT: 0] Kulolera : [[FLT :1] Kumasulira kaŵirikaŵiri kuli kokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kuzengedwa mlandu kungakhale kokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa kuyesa m'mabungwe ena, makamaka kumene kuli ndalama zambiri zolipirira opangitsira milandu. Kuzengedwa mlandu ndiko ndalama zapamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha kutulukira ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaŵi.
  • Deti lovomerezeka la Kulamulira: [[FLT :1] Kulengeza kumapereka ulamuliro wa chipani chachikulu. Kusintha ndi kuyesa kutsekereza ulamuliro wopanga zosankha ku mbali yachitatu, ngakhale kuti kuletsa kumalola maphwando kuletsa procedal.
  • Ilo lovomerezeka kaamba ka Precedent kapena Record ya Public: Ikha mlandu wokha umene umapanga chitsanzo cha lamulo kapena kupereka mlandu wa anthu. Mediation ndi kumasulira n’kwamseri.
  • Kulingalira: [[FLT :1] Kuulutsa kuli koyenera koposa kusungitsa maunansi osatha. Kuweruza kaŵirikaŵiri kumawononga maunansi osakonzeka.
  • Kutsatira mfundo za M'nkhani: mikangano yamphamvu kwambiri ikhoza kupindula ndi ukatswiri wa okonza. Mabanja ofunika kutulukira kwambiri kapena umboni waluso angafunikire njira zoyesera.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kusintha: Kusintha kungandanitsidwe mofulumira. Kupima kumafulumira kuposa kuyesa koma kumachedwa kuposa kuulutsa. Mayeso amayang'anizana ndi kuchedwa kwapadera m'madera ambiri.
  • Zinsinsi za Chosankha Chankhanza: Madansi okhala ndi nkhani zofooka kapena kusatsimikizirika kwakukulu ponena za zotulukapo angasankhe kuulutsa, kumene kulibe chosankha. Magawo odalira m'malo awo angavomereze njira zogwirizira.

Ntchito ya Chilungamo cha Chiŵeniŵeni

Palibe kukambitsirana kwa chigamulo cha mkangano wa boma komwe kuli kokwanira popanda kuvomereza kulimba kwa malamulo. Milandu yambiri yachiŵeniŵeni yochuluka imatha osati m’ kuzengedwa mlandu kapena ngakhale kuperekedwa, koma m'midzi yokapititsidwa ndi zipanizo, kaŵirikaŵiri mothandizidwa ndi uphungu ndipo nthaŵi zina pambuyo pa kuperekedwa kwa manyuzipepala. Kukhazikika kukhoza kuchitika pamlingo uliwonse — mlandu usanaikidwe, pakupezedwa, pamasitepe a khoti, kapena ngakhale pambuyo pa chigamulo cha kuzengedwa.

Kukhazikika kumapereka mapindu ambiri a kugwirizanitsa: kuwonongetsa ndalama, kufulumira, kusunga chinsinsi, kumaliza, ndi kulamulira chipani. Kusiyana kwakukulu nchakuti kukambitsirana kwa kukambirana sikumafuna kunama kwauchete, ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri mamembala amapindula ndi atetezi ngakhale pamene kuvomerezana kwalamulo sikunalinganizidwe.

Kufalikira kwa malo okhala kumasonyeza kuŵerengera koyenera kwa oimbidwa mlandu ndi maloya awo. Maupandu ndi mtengo wa kuzenga mlandu nzambiri, ndipo mapwando iwo eni — amene amadziŵa bwino lomwe zikondwerero zawo ndi zofunika koposa — kaŵirikaŵiri ali m’malo amphamvu kupanga zotulukapo zovomerezeka. Dongosolo lalamulo limalimbikitsa kugamulidwa mwa malamulo amene amalola oimbidwa mlandu kupereka chiweruzo mwachifundo ndi kupyolera m’ziyembekezo zachiweruzo zimene maguluwo adzafufuza kukambitsirana mwachikhulupiriro chabwino asanazengedwe mlandu.

Kumaliza: Njira Yosagwirizana Yothetsera Kusamvana kwa Chiŵeniŵeni

Kuzindikira mmene milandu yachiŵeniŵeni imathetsedwera kumafuna kudziŵa bwino mbali zonse za njira zimene zilipo. Kutumiza kumapereka ntchito yogwirizana, vuto lozikidwa pa chikondwerero logwirizana ndi ulamuliro waukulu wa gulu. Arbitation imapereka chosankha cholondola, chaluso ndi kupanga chigamulo chogwirizana ndi zigamulo za zipanizo. Mayeso amapereka chilolezo chaponse pansi pa malamulo olinganizidwa, kupanga chitsanzo ndi kuŵerengera pamene akunyamula mtengo wapamwamba ndi maupandu.

Akatswiri a zamalamulo ogwira ntchito bwino ndi otsutsa achidziŵitso samalingalira zimenezi kukhala zopikisana koma monga ziŵiya zothandizira m'chigwirizano cha chisankho. Wochirikiza waluso amadziŵa nthaŵi yovomereza kuvomereza, nthaŵi yokakamiza pangano la kukhazikitsa, ndi pamene mapindu apadera a kuweruza akupangitsa kupambana. Kumvetsetsa kumeneku sikumangothandiza anthu ophatikizidwawo koma kulinso zolinga zazikulu za dongosolo la malamulo: kulungamitsa, kukwaniritsa, ndi kuthetsa mikangano mwamtendere.

Kwa awo ofuna chidziŵitso chowonjezereka ponena za njira za ntchito zotsutsana ndi chisankho ndi ndalama za maphunziro alamulo, GAWO la Dispute Resolution limapereka kupita patsogolo kwaukatswiri, zofalitsa, ndi mipata ya makompyuta. Kuwonjezerapo, ophunzira a njira zachiŵeniŵeni adzapindula mwa kufunsira Fateral Regard of Civil Procedure , zimene zimalamulira khalidwe la kutsutsana kwa boma mu U.S.