Table of Contents

Ntchito Yoteteza Ogwira Ntchito Okalamba m’Mavuto

Kuwonongeka kwa chuma, kuphatikiza pamodzi, ndi makampani kukonzanso nthaŵi zambiri kumayambitsa kuchotsedwa ndi kubwerera mmbuyo. Panthaŵi zimenezi, antchito okalamba kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala pangozi yaikulu ya kuikidwa paupandu mosayenerera. Kulimbana ndi zimenezi, malamulo aukalamba m'mayiko ambiri amapereka chitetezo champhamvu chimene chimapangitsa kuti anthu ogwira ntchito asamalire bwino ntchito, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa ntchito ndi kuchotsa ntchito. Kuzindikira zimenezi n’kovuta kwambiri kwa antchito onse amene akulephera kuyang'anira ntchito (ADEA) ku United States ndi ku United States ndi ku United Kingdom Act ya Unity, kupangitsa kuti ntchito zikhale zoletsedwa moletsedwa ndi lamulo kuti zisamalitse antchito ntchito yawo chifukwa cha zaka zawo zonse, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa ntchito ndi kuchotsa ntchito.

Malamulo a Chiweruzo cha Zaka Zathu Padziko Lonse

United States: Tsankho la Nyengo mu Lamulo la Ntchito (ADEA)

Olembedwa mu 1967, ADEA amateteza anthu a zaka 40 amene ali ndi kusankhidwa pantchito chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo. Lamulolo limagwira ntchito kwa mabwana ao okha okhala ndi antchito 20 kapena kuposapo, komanso kwa boma, boma, ndi maboma a komweko. Pansi pa ADEA, sikuloledwa kukondera munthu chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo wokhudzana ndi mawu alionse, mkhalidwe, kapena mwayi wa ntchito, kuphatikizapo kulembedwa ntchito, kukwezedwa, kuchotsedwa, malipiro, ntchito, ndi maphunziro. M'dziko la U.S Comportoment Commission (EC) imakakamiza ADEA ndi kupereka chitsogozo pa mmene lamulo lililonse la kuchotsa ntchito ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, EEC ikunena kuti olemba ntchito sangagwiritsire ntchito pamene akulephera kuchotsa ntchito kapena kuchotsa ntchito, ngakhale kuwonjezera chidziŵitso. [FFF]

Ufumu wa United Kingdom: Lamulo la Kulingana la mu 2010

Mu UK, Malamulo a Mafuta 2010 amagwirizanitsa ndi kulimbikitsa malamulo akale otsutsa kusagwirizana, kuphatikizapo makonzedwe a ukalamba. Amateteza antchito a misinkhu yonse . Onsewo antchito achichepere ndi okalamba. Lamulo limagwira ntchito kuntchito onse, mosasamala kanthu za ukulu, ndipo limabisa maunansi a ntchito, kuphatikizapo kusankha ntchito. Pansi pa Act, madongosolo osinthasintha ayenera kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo a zolinga zimene siziri mwachindunji kapena za msinkhu wake. Olemba ntchito amene amalephera kuchita zimenezo angayang'ane ndi bwalo la ntchito. Avisory, Conciation ndi Arbitration Service (CAS) imapereka malangizo tsatanetsatane pankhani yosamalira ma deultoundcances ndi kupewa kusankhana. Onani kuti a ACUS: [FULD]

Bungwe la European Union: Limaphunzitsa Zokhudza Ntchito Mwachisawawa

Kudutsa European Union, Proam Eality Direcive (2000/78/EC) imaletsa tsankho la msinkhu pantchito ndi ntchito. Maboma a m'bungwe asintha lamulo limeneli kukhala malamulo a dziko, kupanga mapepala otetezera omwe kaŵirikaŵiri amafuna mabwana kulungamitsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana alionse ozikidwa pa msinkhu monga njira yoyenerera yopezera cholinga. M’chenicheni, zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zaka monga muyezo wa kusankha kusintha zinthu sikuloledwa nthaŵi zonse kusiyapo ngati bwanija angasonyeze chilungamitso chapadera, chotsimikizirika chimene antchito ochepa angakumane nacho.

Australia: Lamulo la Tsankho la Nyengo ya 2004

Act ya Australia’s Age Discrimination Act 2004 ikusonyeza kuti n’kulakwa kusankha munthu pa msinkhu wake, m’mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa anthu kuphatikizapo ntchito. Lamuloli limakhudza ntchito zonse, kuyambira pa ntchito mpaka kuchotsedwa. Pa nthawi ya Redundancians, mabwana ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti njira zosankhira munthu wogwira ntchitoyo ndi zogwirizana ndi luso lake, zochita zake, ndi zifukwa zina, m’malo mwa msinkhu wake. Bungwe la Australian Human Rights Commission limapereka lamulo la lamuloli ndi kupatsa antchito ndi makampani omwe.

Mmene Malamulo a Tsankho Amatetezera Antchito Panthaŵi ya Ntchito

Kaŵirikaŵiri kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kukonza zinthu ndizo zosankha za malonda zofunika, koma njirayo ingavumbule tsankho limene limayambukira kwambiri antchito okalamba. malamulo a tsankho a misinkhu ikuluikulu amapereka chitetezo chotsimikizirika:

Chiletso cha Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zaka Monga Chosankha

Chitetezero chachikulu nchakuti olemba ntchito sangapereke zosankha za kubwezera kwanthaŵi pa msinkhu wokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusankha wolembedwa ntchito chifukwa chakuti wapitirira msinkhu winawake, kapena chifukwa chakuti bwanayo akukhulupirira kuti akuyandikira kupuma pantchito, n’kosaloledwa. Ngakhale ngati bwana wantchito agwiritsira ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ngati ali ndi zaka zingapo pa chosankhacho, kukhoza kuyambitsa tsankho. Mwachitsanzo, bwana sangasankhe ntchito yaudindo wamkulu pa msinkhu wake, kapena angaganize kuti antchito achikulire satha kusintha kwambiri pazopanga makompyuta atsopano.

Njira Yosankha Yochita Zinthu ndi Yoonekera

Kuti anthu asayambe kusankhana chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo, owalemba ntchito ayenera kukonza njira zodzisankhira okha zinthu.

  • Kupenda ntchito ndi maakaunti a ntchito
  • Opezekapo ndi kusunga nthaŵi
  • Mbiri ya Chilango
  • Kufufuza luso ndi ziyeneretso kumagwirizana ndi ntchitoyo
  • Utali wa utumiki (wogwiritsiridwa ntchito mosamalitsa, popeza kuti ungaletse mwa njira ina antchito achichepere, koma ungakhale wolungamitsidwa ngati ugwiritsiridwa ntchito mopanda mbali)

Olemba ntchito ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti njira zimenezi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa antchito onse amene asankhidwa kuti achepetsedwe ndi kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yolembedwa ndi yoonekeratu.

Kutetezeredwa ku Chiyambukiro Chosafunika

Malamulo a tsankho la misinkhu amatetezanso antchito amene amaoneka ngati osaloŵerera m’zandale koma amavulaza kwambiri antchito okalamba. Zimenezi zimadziŵika monga “chiyambukiro chopatula” pa ADEA. Mwachitsanzo, ngati bwana wantchito asankha kuchotsa antchito onse amene ali ndi zaka zosakwanira zisanu zautumiki, ndipo mosayenerera zimenezi zimayambukira antchito achinyamata, zingatsutsidwe. Komabe, lamulo limene limafuna kuti munthu apume pantchito pa msinkhu winawake (imene kaŵirikaŵiri si yovomerezeka lamulo kusiyapo ntchito zopereŵera) lingakhale kuswa lamulo kwachindunji.

Kumana Ufulu ndi Programu Zaufulu

Makampani ena amapereka “kuchepetsa ufulu wa ”, kumene wolembedwa ntchito wokulirapo angaike wolembedwa ntchito wocheperapoyo pamalo ena panthaŵi ya kuchotsedwa. Pamene kuli kwakuti madongosolo audindo alamulo kaŵirikaŵiri, ayenera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mosalekeza ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuukira magulu a misinkhu yotetezeredwa. Mofananamo, maprogramu osonkhezera anthu opuma pantchito afunika kukhala aufulu ndipo sangakakamize antchito achikulire kupita. Oleant Works Benefit Protection Act (WBPA) ku United States amakhazikitsa ziyenetso zokhwima za maprogramu ameneŵa, kuphatikizapo nyengo yochepa yoganizira ndi zofunika kuulutsa anthu amene asankhidwa kuti asiye ntchito.

Ufulu Walamulo wa Olembedwa Ntchito Oyang’anizana ndi Ukalamba Wovomerezedwa

Pamene wantchito akhulupirira kuti asankhidwa kuti abwezeretsedwe chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo, iwo ali ndi mabwalo angapo alamulo. Njira yoyamba ndiyo kudzutsa nkhaniyo mwa njira yodandaulirayo. Ngati zimenezo sizingathetse vutolo, antchito angalembe chidandaulo ndi bungwe loona za uS, EEOC; ku UK, khoti la ntchito; ku Australia, ufulu wa anthu. Ziyeso za nthaŵi ndi zokhwima. Mwachitsanzo, mu US, mlandu uyenera kuperekedwa ndi EEOC m'masiku 180 a kusankhidwa (kuyambira masiku 300 m'mayiko ena). M'boma la UK, bungwe la ntchito linanena kuti liyenera kubweretsedwa m'miyezi itatu ya tsiku limodzi lopanda ntchito.

Njira Zothetsera Vutoli Zilipo

Ngati wantchito atsimikizira mwachipambano kusalidwa kwa msinkhu wake pambali ya kuchotsedwa, mankhwala angaphatikizepo:

  • Kusintha [1]: kwa malipiro otayika, mapindu, ndi kupsinjika maganizo (m'zigawo zina)
  • Kusintha [: ngati wolembedwa ntchitoyo adakali wokhoza kubwerera kuntchito ndipo kuli kotheka
  • Malipiro kapena kubwezera : malipiro otayika pa kuchotsedwa kwa democracy kufikira mlanduwo uthetsedwa kapena kufikira wolembedwa ntchito apeza ntchito yatsopano
  • Zowonongeka zopatulidwa [1]: ngati pali tsankho ladala (lopezeka pansi pa ADEA, ngakhale kuti laikidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe ina)
  • [[NT.0] Malipiro a boma [: m'maiko ambiri, ofunsira achipambano angapezenso ndalama za loya

Kubwezera, monga kuyesa anthu ena kapena kupereka chilolezo choipa, kuli kuswa malamulo aukalamba ambiri oletsa tsankho ndipo kungatsogolere ku chilango chowonjezereka.

Umboni Wochuluka ndi Umboni

Kusonyeza kuti anthu a zaka zaukalamba ndi anthu opatula anzawo n’kovuta chifukwa chakuti olemba ntchito savomereza kuti anthu ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zaka zawo.

  • Kusiyana kwa ziŵerengero: kusonyeza kuti chiŵerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha antchito okalamba anasankhidwa kuti achotsedwe ntchito poyerekezera ndi antchito achichepere
  • Ndemanga kapena nthabwala ponena za msinkhu: ngati mabwana kapena opanga zosankha ananena mawu okhudza msinkhu pamene ntchito ya kuchepetsa ukalamba inali
  • Kusintha zinthu: ngati bwanayo sanatsatire malamulo ake okhazikitsidwa kapena ngati sanatsatire njira zake zothetsera vutolo mosagwirizana
  • Kupuma pantchito: Ngati kuchotsedwako kwa munthu kwachitika mwamsanga pamene wantchitoyo atchula nkhani zokhudza kupuma pantchito kapena za msinkhu wake
  • Kuloŵa m’malo: Ngati wogwira ntchito wachikulireyo aloŵedwa m’malo ndi wachichepere mkati mwa nyengo yaifupi

Mtolo umasintha kwa wolemba ntchitoyo pambuyo poti wantchitoyo akhazikitsa facie [1] mlandu. Wolemba ntchito ayenera kupereka chifukwa chovomerezeka, chosakhala chalamulo cha chigamulo cha kubwezera. Ngati chifukwa chimenecho chasonyezedwa kukhala chokondera, wantchitoyo apambana.

Zimene Olemba Ntchito Angachite Kuti Asamakhale Osafunika

Olemba ntchito angachepetse ngozi ya lamulo ndi kuchirikiza ntchito yabwino mwa kutengera machitachita otsatirawa abwino koposa pamene mphamvu zawo zichepa:

Khalani ndi Lamulo Lomveka Lochepetsa Zinthu

Musanachotsedwe, khalani ndi lamulo lolembedwa limene limandandalika motsimikiza mmene antchito adzasankhidwira kuti abwezeretsedwe. Lamulolo liyenera kuzikidwa pa zinthu zokhudza ntchito ndi kupendedwa ndi uphungu walamulo kutsimikizira kugwirizana ndi malamulo aukalamba ogwirizana ndi tsankho. Peŵani chinenero chilichonse chimene chimasonyeza zaka za kupuma pantchito, kapena “talente yachinyamata.”

Gwiritsirani Ntchito Njira Yolingalirira, Yolinga

Zinthu zimene anthu ambiri amaona kuti n’zoyenera ndi izi:

  • Zimene apeza pofufuza posachedwapa
  • Luso ndi ziyeneretso nzofunika mwachindunji m’mbali zina zotsala
  • Zolemba za malangizo
  • Malipoti a ofikapo
  • Ukulu (wogwiritsiridwa ntchito monga mbali ya uchete, osati monga pepala lolembera zaka)

Muzionetsetsa kuti mwasankha bwinobwino antchito onse amene akhudzidwa ndi vutolo.

Muziphunzitsa Ana Kupewa Tsankho la Ukalamba

Mamanejala ndi akatswiri a HR ayenera kuphunzitsidwa nthaŵi zonse malamulo aukalamba, tsankho losadziŵa, ndi njira zoyenerera zothandizira. Kuphunzitsa kugogomezera kuti anthu a misinkhu yofanana ndi imeneyi, monga “antchito achikulire sachita zinthu zamakono kwambiri kapena kuti“ antchito achikulire ngokwera mtengo kwambiri mwakuti [1] . Sikuli kulungamitsa koyenera kuti asankhe.

Funsani kwa Akatswiri a Malamulo

Zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri makamaka makamaka ngati kuchotsedwa kwa ntchitoko kungakhudze kwambiri antchito okalamba, ngakhale ngati akuona kuti sakutenga mbali m’zandale.

Limbikirani Zofunika za Mtengo Wanu Mosamala

Mu US, ngati wolemba ntchito apereka malipiro osinthana ndi wolanda ufulu wa ADEA, OWBPA imakhazikitsa malamulo osamalitsa: wantchitoyo ayenera kupatsidwa masiku osachepera 21 kuti alingalire (masiku 45 kaamba ka gulu lochotsedwa), masiku asanu ndi aŵiri kuchotsa pambuyo pa kusaina, ndi chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane chonena za antchito osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa, kuphatikizapo amisinkhu yawo. Kulephera kuvomereza kukhoza kuchititsa wowaberayo kukhala wopanda pake, kuchititsa womlemba ntchitoyo ku mlandu.

Choyamba, Tiziganizirapo za Njira Zina Zodzifunira

Ngati n’kotheka, perekani ntchito yaufulu kapena kugula katundu musanasankhe kuchotsa ntchito. Koma samalani: maprogramu ameneŵa ayenera kukhala odzifuniradi ndipo sangakakamize anthu okalamba kuti asiye ntchito. OWBPA imakhazikitsa malamulo apadera a maprogramu ameneŵa. Kuchotsa zinthu mosafuna kuyenera kukhala njira yomalizira yochitira zimenezi akangosankha zochita modzifunira.

Zopeka Zofala Zonena za Tsankho la Zaka Zathu

Kungoganizirana pa nkhani ya tsankho kungachititse munthu kusankha zinthu mwanzeru.

Nthanthi 1: Olemba ntchito nthaŵi zonse angasankhe antchito achichepere kuti “afutulenso” antchito

Ayi, chifukwa chakuti anthu amene amalemba ntchito ayenera kusankha zochita chifukwa cha kuyenerera ntchito, osati chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo.

Nthanthi 2: Ogwira ntchito achikulire ngodula kwambiri ndipo angawachotse kaye ntchito choyamba kuti asunge ndalama

Pamene kuli kwakuti antchito okalamba angakhale ndi malipiro owonjezereka chifukwa cha kukalamba, kugwiritsira ntchito mtengo monga muyezo sikuli chotetezera ngati kumayambukira mopambanitsa magulu a ausinkhu wotetezeredwa. ADEA ndi malamulo ofanana nawo amatetezera antchito okalamba ku kuchotsedwa pamtengo pokhapo ngati bwanayo asonyeza kufunika kwa malonda kwa cholinga chimene sichingafikiridwe mwa njira zocheperapo zopatsira ufulu.

Nthanthi 3: Kupenda ntchito nthaŵi zonse kumakhala kotsimikizirika

Kupenda ntchito kungawonedwe molakwa ndi kupenda kwa misinkhu. Ngati wolembedwa ntchito wachikulire walandira kupenda kwabwino koma mwadzidzidzi akuikidwa mopereŵera asanachotsedwe, ndiko kuti mbendera yofiira. Olemba ntchito ayenera kutsimikizira kuti mapikica a ntchito achilikizidwa ndi umboni wotsimikizirika, wolembedwa ndipo sasonkhezeredwa ndi chikhoterero cha kusazindikira.

Nthanthi 4: Olembedwa ntchito osakwana zaka 40 alibe chitetezo

In the US, the ADEA only protects those 40 and older. However, many states have laws that also protect younger workers from age discrimination. For example, in New York, the state Human Rights Law protects all individuals over 18 from age discrimination. In the UK and EU, protections apply to all ages, meaning younger workers can also bring claims if they are treated unfairly due to their age.

Zimene Olembedwa Ntchito Ayenera Kuchita Ngati Aona Kuti Aleka Kuweruzidwa ndi Anthu Okalamba

Anthu achikulire amene amakhulupirira kuti anasankhidwa mosayenera kuti abwezeretse ufulu wawo ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga.

  1. Chikalata chilichonse . Chosunga makope a kulankhulana konse kogwirizana ndi kuchotsedwa, kuphatikizapo ma email, ntchito, ndi manotsi a ku misonkhano. Lembani zizoloŵezi zosankha zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndemanga zilizonse zokhudza msinkhu zimene amanijala anena.
  2. Ipempha ndandanda yosankha mapepala [[FLT: 1] : funsani HR kaamba ka malongosoledwe olembedwa a mmene antchito anapangidwira ndi chifukwa chake munasankhidwa. M'mayiko ambiri, olemba ntchito ayenera kupereka zimenezi popempha, makamaka ngati ayembekezera.
  3. Sekezani masamu a masamu [1]: Ngati nkotheka, sonkhanitsani chidziŵitso cha nyengo za amene achotsedwa ndi aja amene asungidwa. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ziŵerengero kungalimbitse mfundo.
  4. Akusonyeza dandaulo lapanthaŵi yake : Kuonanani ndi bungwe losungitsa. Musayembekezere kufikira nthaŵi yoikika.
  5. Khonsa loya wa ntchito .: Tsankhu la zaka lingakhale lovuta. Loya wozoloŵera m'dera lino angafufuze umboni, kulangiza za njira yabwino koposa, ndi kukuimirani m’zochitika.
  6. Musasaine pangano lakutha popanda kubwereza [1]: Ngati bwana apereka malire a kubwezera wowazenga, apange pangano lopendedwa ndi loya asanasaine. Tsimikizirani kuti likugwirizana ndi malamulo (monga ngati OWBPA mu US).

Tsogolo la Tsankho la Amisinkhu Yosadziŵika Likutha

Pamene anthu m'maiko ambiri otukuka akukalamba, ndipo pamene shifiki ikuchititsa masinthidwe ambiri, nkhani za tsankho la misinkhu zidzakhalabe zofunika kwambiri. Ziyeso za kumanga zimaphatikizapo kupenda kowonjezereka kwa malamulo opanga madesiki, popeza kuti zida za AI zogwiritsiridwa ntchito polinganiza antchito zingaperekeretu kukondera kwa amisinkhu. Oyendetsa zinthu ayamba kale kupereka chisamaliro. Mwachitsanzo, EEOC wayambitsa njira zolankhulira za kulongosola chilungamo pansi pa ADEA. Kuwonjezera apo, mliri wa CHOVID , udalire wamakono wonena za kuchotsa tsankhu, kugogomezera kufunika kopitirizabe. Makampani amene amapanga ndalama zowonjezereka, zaka za a msinkhu-neultraalbacrancy sati chabe kuletsa kusoŵa kwa lamulo komanso kusungidwa kwa chidziŵitso cha makhalidwe abwino.

Kumaliza

Malamulo a tsankho la msinkhu amathandiza antchito kukhazikitsa zosankha zofunika pa nthaŵi ya kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kubwezeredwa , kutsimikizira kuti ukalamba suli cholepheretsa kuchitiridwa moyenera. Kaya pansi pa ADEA ku United States, Chikalata cha Kulingana kwa Are mu United Kingdom, kapena malamulo ena ofanana padziko lonse, malamulo ameneŵa amafuna kuti olemba ntchito azikhazikitsa zosankha zosinthasinthasintha, kusiyana ndi ntchito m’malo mwa malingaliro a a ausinkhu wa munthu. Olembedwa ntchito, kudziŵa zoyenera zawo ndi njira zowakakamiza kukhoza kupangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu m’kufunafuna chilungamo. Kwa olemba ntchito, kuvomereza malamulo oonekera bwino, osagwirizana ndi malamulo komanso kumanganso chikhalidwe cha ulemu chimene chimapindulitsa antchito a zaka zonse. Mwakuzindikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo kumeneku, mabungwe angavutike kusintha ndi kutha kwa anthu okhulupirika, ndi kusadalirana ndi kutha kutha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa anthu azaka zawo.