Chikalata cha Good Lachisanu (Chipangano Chabwino) chinakhazikitsidwa pa 10 April 1998 ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri chinatchedwa Belfast Agreement [1] inatha zaka makumi atatu ya nkhondo yachiwawa ku Northern Ireland. Pamene kuli kwakuti anthu ambiri amadziŵa kuti chinali pangano lamtendere lomwe linakhazikitsa mphamvu zolamulira, ziungwe zosaoneka kwambiri komanso zofunika kwambiri ndi njira imene imachitira mwachindunji mafunso a chizindikiritso ndi chikhalidwe. Nkhani zimenezi zinali pa maziko a mavuto, ndi makonzedwe a chipanganowo olinganizidwa bwino pa chizindikiritso, zizindikiro, ufulu wa chinenero, ndi ulemu zinapanga maziko amene analola kuti anthu onse aŵiriwo adziwo aonere okha kukhala osonyezedwa m’dongosolo latsopano la ndale zadziko.

Mavuto ndi Zochititsa Kusemphana Maganizo pa Nkhani ya Chidziŵitso

Kumvetsa chifukwa chake Good Lachisanu Agreement inafunikira kuyang'anizana ndi chizindikiritso ndi mwambo, choyamba munthu ayenera kuzindikira mmene magulu ameneŵa anapatsira nkhondo. Northern Ireland adalengedwa mu 1921 ndi kugaŵana kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu: Aprotesitanti ambiri amene anadziŵika monga Briteni ndipo anafuna kukhalabe mbali ya United Kingdom, ndi Akatolika ochepa amene anatcha kuti Irish ndipo analakalaka kugwirizana ndi Ireland. Magaŵano ameneŵa sanali chabe andale; anali odzazidwa mbali iliyonse ya moyo . Pamapeto pa 1960, ufulu wa anthu, maphunziro, maphunziro, ngakhale mafuko amene anathamanga pa maholo a tauni. Kwa zaka makumi angapo, chigwirizano chachikulu chinalamulira boma, ndipo odziŵa kuti dziko la Ireland linadzimva kukhala lopatulidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Anthu ambiri akanasiya kutchuka kwawo.

Pangano Labwino Lachisanu Monga Chofunika Chodziŵikitsa

Chikalata cha Malamulo cha Good Flove Agreement chijambulidwa dala. Mosiyana ndi zoyesayesa zakale za mtendere, sichinayese kugwirizanitsa kapena kuchotsa kusiyana. Mmalomwake, chinavomereza kuti Briteni ndi Irish anali ponse paŵiri oyenera ndi kuti mtsogolo mwa Northern Ireland mukagamulidwa mwa chivomerezo, osati mokakamiza. Njira yotsata imeneyi ya kukhazikitsa imaikidwa m’makonzedwe ofunika angapo.

Mfundo Yabwino Yovomereza ndi Kudzizindikiritsa

Mfundo 1 ya panganolo ikunena kuti anthu a ku Northern Ireland ali ndi ufulu wodzitcha kuti ndi a ku Ireland, Britain, kapena onse aŵiri. Zimenezi zikumveka zosavuta, koma zinali zosintha. Kwanthaŵi yoyamba, chikalata chogwirizana ndi mayiko onse chinazindikira kuti dzikolo ndilo liyenera kusankha kuti liteteze. Linatsimikiziranso kuti malamulo a dziko la Northern Ireland angasinthe kokha ngati anthu ake ambiri ovoteredwa kuti agwirizane ndi dziko la Ireland. Lamulo limeneli linateteza mapangano a dziko la Britain kuti lisakhale lopanda kusokonezeka, pamene kuli kwakuti anthu a dzikolo apeza njira yamtendere, ya democracyal kuti atsatire zolinga zawo.

Kuyerekezera Ulemu

Malo a maziko a panganolo ndi lingaliro la “kusiyana kwa ulemu” ." lingaliro lakuti ponse paŵiri miyambo, Briteni ndi Irish, iyenera kulemekezedwa mofanana m'moyo wa anthu. Ichi sichinthu chosadziŵika bwino; chiri ndi tanthauzo logwira ntchito la mmene mabungwe a boma amagwirira ntchito, mmene ndalama zimaperekedwera kwa anthu onse, ndi mmene zimayendetsera. Kulemekeza kumatanthauza kuti palibe zizindikiro za chitaganya, mbiri, kapena chinenero chimene chili ndi mwaŵi pa zina. Chimakakamiza boma kuchirikiza mwamphamvu kuzindikira pakati pa IFFO mmalo mwa kungowalekerera.

Ufulu, Malonda, ndi Ufulu Wochita Zinthu Molingana

Panganoli limaphatikizapo lamulo la ufulu wochuluka lomwe limaposa kungosinthasinthana kwa anthu. Limauza boma la UK kuti “limalize kukhazikitsa lamulo la ku Northern Ireland la European Convention on Human Rights ” ndi kukhazikitsa bungwe la Northern Ireland Rights Commission yoyang'anira kuchitiridwa moyenera m'magulu asanu ndi anayi, kuphatikizapo chikhulupiriro cha chipembedzo ndi malingaliro andale. Mabungwe ameneŵa amapatsa anthu ufulu ngati chilolezo chawo kapena chikhalidwe chawo chasokonezeka. Ndiponso, panganoli limafuna kuti akuluakulu onse a boma alimbikitse kulingana kwa mwaŵi .

Mabungwe a Zandale Amene Amasonyeza Kudziŵika Kwawo

Chidziŵitsocho si nkhani yaumwini ayi; komanso n’chokhudza amene ali ndi mphamvu ndi mmene zosankha zimachitidwira.

Msonkhano wa Kumpoto kwa Ireland ndi Ukulu

Msonkhano umasankhidwa mwa kuimira limodzi, kutanthauza kuti onse aŵiri ogwirizana ndi ogwirizana ndi autundu amakhala ndi mipando yogwirizana ndi mavoti awo. Koma kusintha kwenikweni ndiko kofunika kuti Boma la Uyang'aniro [“boma] likhale la chipani chachikulu kuchokera ku dzina lililonse (logwirizana, mgwirizano wa dziko, ndi “limodzi”. Gululi la mgwirizano wa ogwirizana ndilo kuti palibe gulu limodzi limene lingalamulire. Mtumiki Woyamba ndi wachiŵiri wa Mtumiki Woyamba ndi wotsogolera, wosankhidwa ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi gulu la masungwe a . Kachimbikitsoka kameneka kamatsimikizira kuti kusiyanasiyana kumangidwa m'manja a boma, osati chabe gulu logwirizana logwirizana.

Ntchito Yopanga ndi Kulinganiza

Kuletsa chitaganya chimodzi kulephera mwa lamulo lotsutsana ndi zifuno za wina, Msonkhanowo umagwiritsira ntchito njira zapadera zovotera kaamba ka zimene zimatchedwa “zigamulo zanzeru.” Zimenezi zimafunikira unyinji wa onse aŵiri a mgwirizano ndi autundu (chivomerezo) kapena unyinji wolemera wa 60%, kuphatikizapo 40% ya dzina lililonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti lingaliro lirilonse lokhudza mwambo wamwambo [1] monga ngati lamulo latsopano la Irish Language Act kapena lamulo la kuulutsa mbendera ya Union (iyenera kupambana chichilikizo. Otsutsa zimenezi angatsogolere kuuma, koma ochirikiza amanena kuti limapereka chitsimikizo chakuti nkhani za kukhudzidwa ndi chivomerezo chimasamalidwa ndi pangano.

Mpangidwe wa Kumpoto - Kum’mwera ndi Kum’maŵa

Chidziŵitso ku Northern Ireland sichikungopezeka ku magawo asanu ndi limodzi okha. Chipanganocho chinapanga bungwe la Utumiki la North- South Council kuti ligwirizanitse atumiki ochokera ku Belfast ndi Dublin kuti agwirizane pa nkhani monga zoyendera, ulimi, ndi [1] Zovuta . Zimenezi zimapangitsa anthu a dziko la Ireland kugwirizana kwambiri ndi dziko la Republic ndi kuzindikira chizindikiritso chawo cha Ireland. Zipatayi zimalola kuti zigawiridwe pamodzi, British-Irish Council igwirizanitsa maboma a UK, Ireland, devolved, ndi Courage, kugwirizanitsa mgwirizano wa chigwirizano ndi Britain. Mabungwe onsewa alola kuti onse aŵiriwo afotokozedwe mogwirizana.

Zifukwa ndi Mawu Oteteza ndi Zochita Zachikhalidwe

Kuwonjezera pa zigwirizano za ndale zadziko, pangano la Good Lachisanu la Chipangano la Chipangano la Malamulo lili ndi malamulo enieni a mwambo wa mwambo.

Ufulu wa zinenero: Chiairishi ndi Chisilamu cha ku Ulster

Chipanganochi chikunena mwachindunji zinenero ziŵiri za anthu ochepa ku Northern Ireland: Irish (Gaeilge) ndi Ulster Scots (Ulstèr-Scotch). Mbali ina ya chigawo cha ufulu imanena kuti “otenga mbali onse akuona kufunika kwa ulemu, kuzindikira ndi kulolerana ndi zinenero zina. Ndi kuti “Boma la Britain lidzatengapo kanthu mwamphamvu kupititsa patsogolo chinenero. Lonjezoli linatsogolera ku kulengedwa kwa Foras Gaege, mtanda wa anthu amene akuchirikiza Ireland, ndi Ulster Scots Agency. Pochita, ndalama za boma la Ireland , zimachirikiza kutulutsidwa kwa masukulu a nyuzipepala ku Ireland, ndi mautumiki otembenuza. [FL:] Malembo a UFF: FULD]

Ngakhale kuti pali kupita patsogolo kumeneku, chilankhulo chikukhalabe malo otsutsana. Oyang’anira kampeni ya lamulo la Language Language ya Irish Language [1] a kazembe wa lamulo lopatsa anthu a ku Ireland udindo wa boma kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo nkhani imene yathandiza anthu andale ku Sponsont. Buku la New Head, New Apply at mu 2020 pomalizira pake inadzipereka kukhazikitsa lamulo limeneli, mfundo yosonyeza kuti ufulu wa chinenero udakali wofunika kwambiri.

Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro

Palibe nkhani yogawikana pakati pa anthu kuposa kuonetsedwa kwa mbendera ndi kusungidwa kwa masitepe. Mapanganowo samatchula njira imodzi yothetsera mapangano a kumaloko, koma amapereka malamulo amene atsogolera malamulo otsatira. Iko kumazindikira “ufulu wa anthu onse aŵiriwo kusonyeza... zizindikiro za chikhalidwe chawo” ndi kulimbikitsa“ kugwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro ndi chinenero m’moyo wapoyera. M’kuphunzitsa, zimenezi zatsogolera ntchito ya mapangano a kumaloko. Maholo ena amauluka mbendera ya Union, ena amauluka mbendera ya ku Ireland masiku ena, ndipo samasonyeza mbendera yoŵerengeka. Prades tsopano imalamulira masiteshoni otsutsana ndi olemekeza miyambo yonse. Pamene kuli kwakuti mikangano ikupitirizabe, chiletso cha mtundu wa chiletso cha chiletso cha chiletso.

Maphunziro ndi Mbiri Yawo

Maphunziro anali malo ankhondo pa nthaŵi ya Mavuto, ndi madongosolo a sukulu osiyanasiyana kuphunzitsa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Panganolo limafuna “kukula kwa njira ya maphunziro imene imagwirizana, kulimbikitsa kulolerana ndi kumvetsana.” Zimenezi zachititsa kuti sukulu zogwirizana ziwonjezeke. Pamene ana ambiri a Chiprotesitanti ndi Chikatolika aphunzire pamodzi, ngakhale kuti ambiri a ana a sukulu adakalipo pa chipani (choyambirira cha Chiprotesitanti) kapena sukulu za Katolika. Mu 2007, maphunziro a ku Northern Ireland a maphunziro a “Iverland ndi Globanfectureshing . Pulofesat Commentary dipatimenti yomwe imaphatikizapo maphunziro a mkanganowo, kuzindikiritsa, ndi ufulu wa anthu. [FLT: 0] Astriage Inquties ndipo pambuyo pake bungwe la Akatolika ovutika ndi omenyera ufulu wa anthu ndi ovutika, linawonjezera kuwonjezera, kuwonjezeranso.

Kulankhula ndi Ana ndi Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo

Ngakhale kuti bungwe la Good Advembrial Reavention linapambana, silinathetse mavuto onse a pa Lachisanu koma likupitiriza kugwirizanitsa anthu ndi zimene anachita kale.

Ntchito ya Ozunzidwa ndi Opulumuka

Chikalatachi chinkakhazikitsidwa mu 2009 ndipo chimathandiza kuti anthu onse amene akuvutika avomereze kuti akuvutika, ngakhale kuti ndi ndani. Chikalatachi chimakonzanso ntchito zachilungamo, njira zochitira zinthu m'mbiri, ndiponso kuyesa kukumbutsa anthu. Komabe, anthu akutsutsanabe za mmene angafotokozere “victim” ndiponso ngati kuukira anthu ophwanya malamulo n’kovomerezeka. Malipoti a bungweli akugogomezera kufunika kopitiriza kulankhula ndi choloŵa m’njira imene siitsegula mabala.

Mapangano a Nyumba za Anthu Ogwirizana ndi Chikhalidwe Chawo

Mu 2014, mamembalawo anasaina pangano la Stormont House Arect, limene linafuna kuthetsa mbali zina za choloŵa. Linapereka lingaliro la kupangidwa kwa bungwe lofufuza za mbiri yakale ndi bungwe loona za mbiri yakale loona za nkhani zonena za kukwaniritsidwa kwa zinthu. Linaphatikizaponso njira zochitira zinthu ndi mbiri yakale, kuphatikizapo kuika maganizo pa chikumbutso ndi kukumbukira. Makonzedwe amenewa cholinga chothandiza anthu kuyang'anizana ndi mbiri yawo popanda nkhani zogaŵanitsa zimene zingayambitse nkhondo. Iwo akugwiritsidwabe ntchito pang’onopang’ono koma akusonyeza mmene kudziwika ndi kutchuka kumakhala maziko a mtendere.

Kutsutsana kwa Pambuyo Pake: Kudziŵika, Kusuta, ndi Chikhalidwe

Chigamulo cha UK cha kusiya zikalata zotseguliranso pulogalamu ya European Union. Ogwirizana a dziko ndi arpabuliki anaopa kuti Brexit adzaumitsa malire ndi Republic of Ireland, akuwopseza kuti agwirizana ndi malire a kutsogolo a . Chigamulo cha Northern Ireland, chimene chinapangitsa kuti deralo likhale la malonda a zinthu za mu EU, ndipo chinakwiyitsa ogwirizana awo amene anaona kuti Briteni wawo ananyozedwa mwa kukhala ndi malamulo osiyana a miyambo ku Great Britain. Kusagwirizana kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti kudziŵika ndi chikhalidwe sikunakhazikika; kuyambitsa zochitika za ndale. Chipangano Chabwino cha Lachisanu chija cha Mapangano, kudalira ulemu, ndi kudutsana kwa bungwe la United States lomwe linkasunga chidale chapamwamba poyang'anira mavutowawo, koma chikufuna kusungidwa ndi ndale zadziko.

Kumaliza: Chitsanzo cha Magulu a Anthu Oyamba Kupembedza a Pambuyo pa Kuyamba

Makonzedwe ake a kudzilemekeza, kuyenera kwa zinenero, mphamvu zolamulira, ndi zizindikiro zina zapereka thangatira la anthu onse ku Northern Ireland. Palibe amene anganene kuti panganoli lathetsa nkhani iliyonse, ndi kukhazikitsanso maulalo, ndi ufulu wa chinenero.

Njira imeneyi yasonkhezera njira zina za mtendere, kuyambira ku South Africa mpaka Colombia. Phunziro nlowonekera: Mtendere uliwonse wokhalitsa m'chitaganya chogaŵanika uyenera kulongosola mizu yakuya ya chizindikiritso ndi choloŵa cha mwambo, osati kokha zizindikiro zakunja za mkangano. Pamene kuli kwakuti Northern Ireland ikupitirizabe kuwongolera kuvuta kwa Brexit, kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, ndi kusintha kwa mbadwo, maziko a mbiri ya Good Lachisanu Agreement pa kuzindikiritsa ndi chikhalidwe chawo amayala maziko olimba okhazikika kutsogolo limodzi pamene akulemekeza mbiri yosiyana.