Ndemanga zandale ndizo ntchito zocholoŵana zimene zimadalira pa zida zambiri zopangira mauthenga, osankha osankhidwa, ndipo pomalizira pake zitsimikizidwe. Pakati pa ziŵiya zimenezi, kukakamiza kusanthulako kuli ndi malo apadera ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri sikukulingaliridwa. Pamene kuli kwakuti dzina lake limapereka lingaliro la kafufuzidwe, kufunsira kuli chipangizo chapadera chopangira kugwirizanitsa malingaliro osankhidwa pansi pa kufufuza. Kumvetsetsa mmene magulu andale amasonkhezera kufufuza kuti amvetsetse bwino njira yawo ya pulogalamu yamakono. Nkhaniyi ikusanthula machenjera, mafufuzidwe, mayeso, ndi ziyambukiro zenizeni za kufunsira, kupereka lingaliro lachinduko la ntchito yawo m'za za democratic .

Kodi Kupotoza Anthu N’kutani?

Pamutu pake, kufufuza kokakamiza ndi kochitidwa kuti apeze mfundo zotsimikizirika koma kuti apange malingaliro a wofuna kuyankhayo. Mosiyana ndi mafufuzidwe ovomerezeka, amene amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso aumboni ndi zitsanzo za anthu, kukakamiza kufufuza kochitidwa ndi anthu odzaza, kutsogolera, kapena mafunso olakwika olinganizidwa kukhazikitsa malingaliro ena. Mwachitsanzo, kufunsira kokakamiza kungafunse kuti, "Mungakhale wothekera kwambiri kuvota kuti A adawasulire ngati mukudziŵa kuti anasulizidwa chifukwa cha kuthaŵa msonkho? Funsolo limayambitsa chidziŵitso chowononga, mosasamala kanthu za kuukira kwake. American Marekting Association imatsutsa ngati njira imene wofunsayo amakopa kuti apereke chidziŵitsocho m’malonjeze, pogwiritsira ntchito mafunso otchuka otsutsa kapena otsutsa. Kufufuzako: Kufufuzako.

Mbiri ndi Chiyambi

Chiyambi cha kufunsira kumbuyo kwa chisinthiko cha ndale zadziko cha kufunsira kwa kufunsira kwa m'zaka za zana la 20. Pamene kuli kwakuti mkupiti woyambirira anagwiritsira ntchito khomo la khomo la ku khomo, nyengo ya telefoni inalola chiyambukiro cha anthu osadziŵika. Chimodzi cha zolembedwa zokakamiza zolembedwa zakale kwambiri chinachitika m'chaka cha 1996 Republican denacial Primerial. kumene Bob Doler analimbana ndi kufunsa kwa ofufuza ngati sangakhale okhoza kumchirikiza ngati ataphunzira za kuswa lamulo. Mawuwo anakhala ndi kutchuka kwambiri mkupitikiti pamene mpikisano wa malingana ndi malingana ndi malingana a mpikisano, makamaka m'dziko la U.

Mbali Zazikulu za Kuipitsa kwa Makina

  • Mafunso osafunika: Amaphatikizapo zigamulo kapena mfundo zotsimikizirika, zonga "Kodi mumakhulupirira kuti lingaliro la X pa zaumoyo nlopambanitsa?
  • Kupima kosaimira: Kusanthula kwa mavoti kaŵirikaŵiri kumangofuna kuvotera, koma chitsanzocho chingawopsezedwe ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu chimene chiri chofunika kusonkhezera, mmalo mwa kutsegulidwa wamba.
  • Mliri wapamwamba wa foni: Kampeni zingatsogolere matelefoni zikwizikwi mofulumira kudzaza chigawo, cholinga cha kukonza nkhaniyo asanaone ngati pali kusintha.
  • Kusaulula za ndalama: [[FLT: 1] Mayeso odziŵika bwino amadziŵikitsa gulu lochirikiza; kukakamiza mapendedwe kaŵirikaŵiri kubisa kapena kupotoza magwero kuti apeŵe kusokonezeka.

Mabuku ameneŵa amaika kupenda kosiyana ndi njira zofufuzira za sayansi zogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi mabungwe onga Pew Research Center kapena Gallup.

Mmene Mapwando Andale Amagwiritsira Ntchito Mantha Osonkhezera Kutsata Mabuku

Magulu andale amasonkhezera kufufuza kwa nkhokwe zawo zofufuzira kuti akonze njira zawo zolankhulirana. Chonulira chachikulu si kupeza mfundo koma kukopa ndi kuyesa. Mwakupanga bwino mafuno, akatswiri a ndawala angaone kuti mauthenga omveka kwambiri ndi zigawo za ovota ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu. Kufufuza kosiyanasiyana n’kothandiza kwambiri makamaka m'magawo oyambirira a ndawala, chifukwa chakuti amalola mkupiti kuti ufufuze nkhani zosiyanasiyana popanda kugula zinthu zokwera mtengo.

Kutumiza Uthenga Wabwino

Kugwiritsira ntchito kwakukulu kwa mavoti okakamiza kuli kutumiza mauthenga abwino mwa kuyesa mphamvu ya mawu osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ndawala ingayese mawu aŵiri opikisana kapena mafomu a mapepala. Mwambo ukaŵerengedwa: "Ngati A wolonjezedwa kutsitsa misonkho ya mabanja apakati, kungachititse inu kuthekera kosankha? Kutsatira: "Ngati Candidate B adavomerezedwa ndi gulu lotsutsana, kodi kungakuchititseni kukhala ndi kuthekera kochepera kuwachirikiza? Kuthandiza kusankha kaya kugogomezera misonkho kapena kuukira gulu la adani. Kuyesa kumeneku kulola kuti musankhe mauthenga osonkhezera kwambiri kaamba ka nkhani zawo, ma TV, ndi kutsatsatsa ma wailesi a wailesi.

Chinsinsi cha pulogalamu imeneyi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kutsimikizira ndi [FLT] kufotokoza mochititsa mantha [. Kufufuza kochititsa chidwi kaŵirikaŵiri kumaphatikizapo mawu otsogolera monga "ena amanena" kapena "kwanenedwa" kuyambitsa chidziŵitso chosatsimikizirika ngati chinali chovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa 2000 U.S. mkupiti wa pulezidenti, John McCain anayang'anizana ndi kufunsira ku South Carolina kufunsa kopeka ngati iwo satha kumchirikiza ngati iwo anaphunziradi mwana wawo wamkazi wolandiridwayo alidi mwana wake wamkazi wakuda kuchokera ku chiŵalakolako chachilendo. Uthengawo unali wonama, koma nkhaniyo yofala. Mkufufuzakuonetsa mmene agwirizanitsira bwino njira yoyesera kuyesa kutsimikizira kuti apeze uthenga woipa popanda kuvomereza uthengawo.

Kuyesa Mitu ya Mkupiti Woipa ndi Wothandiza

Kufufuza kopotoletsa kuli kofunika mofananamo kusanthula zonse ziŵiri kuukira ndi njira zokwezera. Kampeni zimapanga njira ziŵiri zofanana: imodzi imene imayesa chidziŵitso choipa ponena za otsutsa, ndi ina imene imayesa mikhalidwe yabwino ya wosankha wawo. Mafunso otsatsa amathandiza kuona kuti ndi nkhani ziti zimene zimayambitsa chisonkhezero chachikulu kwambiri cha malingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, funso linganene kuti: "Confordan Smith anavotera kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira maphunziro m'masukulu akumidzi, pamene Congressman Jones anavota kuwonjezera. Kodi zimenezi zikukupangitsani kukhala kothekera kwambiri kuchirikiza Jones?

Kuletsa kuukira kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu nkofala. Mafunso onga ngati "Kodi simungavote Y ya Candidate ngati mukudziŵa kuti anali ndi mbiri ya malonda okayikira? Sanalinganizidwira kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso koma kusindikiza mayanjano. Ngati aphatikiza pamodzi ndi manambala opanda ndalama kapena zilembo zolembedwa ndi ongofuna, mafoni ameneŵa angafikire zikwi makumi ambiri za mabanja pamapeto a mlungu. Kusintha kotsimikizirika nkothina: zotulukapo za malonda zimachotsedwa m'nthaŵi yeniyeni, kulola mabwana a wailesi yakanema kuwongolera kutsatsa malonda awo kapena makalata awo aunyinjika.

Kudziŵa Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri pa Moyo ndi Magulu

Pambuyo pa kuyesa mauthenga, kukakamiza maseŵero othandiza kumvetsetsa nkhani ziti zimene zili zofunika kwambiri kwa ovota osiyanasiyana. Mwa kufunsa mafunso m’njira yotsogolera, mkupiti ungaone nkhani zimene zimayambitsa malingaliro amphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kokakamiza kungapereke mpambo wa zothekera za malamulo ndi kufunsa ofunsidwa kuwaika pambali pa mayeso okakamiza: "Chimene chingakuchititseni kuchirikizani kwambiri munthu wotenga pa malo osiyanasiyana: kuwongolera thanzi kapena kuchepetsa upandu? Zotulukapozozo zimapendedwa ndi zitsulo za anthu monga msinkhu, malipiro, kapena malo adziko. Kufufuza kumeneku kupangitsa mkupiti zitheketsekezera zoyenda zosonkhanitsidwa m'ka ku madera akumidzi, kapena a m’mizinda yachinyamata. Mwachitsanzo, ndawala ingatulukire kuti anthu achikulire akuwone ndi zikalata zachisungiko zachi, pamene ophunzira achichepere akuvomereza mwamphamvu ndi chidziŵitso cha chidziŵitso cha magetsi, angatulutse m'ka ndi kulongosolana kwa makope a ndandanda a foni amodzi.

Makina Ochititsa Zinthu Kupotoza

Kumvetsa mmene kufunsira kukuchitidwira kumathandizira kuzindikira kugwira ntchito kwake. Kufufuza kochuluka kokakamiza kumachitidwa mwa maodoka kapena kufunsa matelefoni, ngakhale kuti mauthenga ndi makope a pa Intaneti akuwonjezeka. Kufufuzako kwenikweni kumakhalapo pakati pa mphindi zitatu ndi zisanu, ndi mafunso pafupifupi 12. Kuyesako sikumangochitika koma kaŵirikaŵiri kumagulidwa pa otsatsa malonda olembedwa ndi ovota, ovota, kapena agulu. Makipiti angaikirenso malo apadera a dziko, monga ngati chigawo cha kobungweya kapena chigawo cha propic.

Funsolo nlofunika kwambiri. Kutsegula mafunso kaŵirikaŵiri kuli kosatengamo mbali kukhazikitsa kudalirika, monga ngati kufunsa za kufunika kwa nkhani zachisawawa. Pamene kufufuzako kukupitirizabe, mafunsowo amakhala otsogolera ndi amakani.

  1. Mafunso a demographi ndi ojambula (mlongo, "Kodi ndinu wovota wovomerezeka?")
  2. Kufunsa za njira ya dzikolo
  3. Mafunso otsogolera pavuto (m' lekuatiso, "Malipoti amasonyeza kuti A adasulizidwa chifukwa cha kulephera kulipira mabizinesi aang'ono panthaŵi yake. Kodi zimenezo zingakhudze voti yanu?")
  4. Kuyerekezera mafunso amene amakakamiza kusankha pakati pa kuletsa kuletsa kupuma kwa thupi ndi kuletsa kuletsa kupuma kwa thupi
  5. Mafunso achikoka aukali (m’chitsanzo, "Kodi mungavote B ngati mukudziŵa kuti ali ndi cholinga chopanga ntchito?)

Masamu osonkhanitsidwa samagwira ntchito malinga ndi mwambo chifukwa chakuti chitsanzocho ncholakwika ndipo mafunso anapangidwa kuti apeze yankho lofuna. Komabe, ndawalayo siifunikira kutchuka kwa sayansi . Phindu lenileni lili pa anthu amene amasintha malo awo pamene akuitana, amene amapanga mpikisano wokopa. Ngati kukakamiza kusanthula kwa 5% kwa osankha ogwirizana nawo, zimene zingafunike kutsimikizira mpikisano woyandikira.

Kufufuza Zoipitsa Zopotozedwa ndi Anthu

Masankho ambiri amapereka umboni wa kukakamiza kusanthula. Chimodzi cha zitsanzo zoipitsitsa chinachitika mu 1996 Alberta, Canada, chisankho chachigawo, kumene Liberal Party Laurence Decore adayang'anizana ndi kufunsira kokakamiza ngati angafune kutaya chichirikizo ngati ovota adapeza mkazi wake "wochokera kwina" (iye anali wa fuko la Finland). Kufufuzako kunapezeka kwa Conservative Party. Kuyandikira ku United States, 2000 South Carolina Republican yokakamiza kufunsira John McCain kumakhala mlandu wa buku lophunziridwa. Kufufuzako kunaitana Lovita ndi kufunsa, "Kuthekera kwanu kapena kuvotera kwa John McCain ngati mukudziŵa kuti anabereka mwana wakuda? Nkhaniyo inazikidwa pa nthano yothandiza pa kuchirikiza ku South Carolina.

Posachedwapa, kufunsira kokakamiza kwagwiritsiridwa ntchito m'masankho a kumaloko, monga ngati mpikisano wa m'mafuko a m'boma ndi mpikisano wa sukulu, kumene kuyang'aniridwa kwa ofalitsa nkhani kumatsika. Mkati mwa 2022, ofunsira a Democracy ambiri m’zigawo zoyendayenda ogwiritsiridwa ntchito kukakamiza mafufuzira kuyesa mauthenga onena za kuchotsa mimba pambuyo pa chigamulo cha Dobs. Kufufuza kwina kwafunsa: "Kupereka malamulo opambanitsa olimbana ndi malo a m'dziko tsopano akuperekedwa, kodi mungakhale wothekera kuchirikiza wofunsira amene akumenyera kutetezera ufulu wa kubala? Funso lina la kulimbikitsa Democratic famiting ya nkhanizo, ndipo zotsatira zake zinathandiza kupanga chosankha chachikulu m'kutumiza. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ndawala za kufalitsa mayesoko kuyesa upandu ndi kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu, kufunsa mafunso onga " Ngati mukudziŵa kuti mukudziŵa kuti mukhoza kuchirikiza kuchirikiza kulephera kuchirikiza kulongosola kwa apolisi?

Kusamalira Kwalamulo ndi Kwalamulo

Kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso okakamiza kumachititsa anthu kukayikira mfundo za makhalidwe abwino chifukwa amabisa ngati akufufuza mwadala kapena powakopa. Otsutsa amanena kuti kukakamiza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito demokrase kufalitsa nkhani zabodza powaona ngati kuti si andale. Bungwe la American Association for Public Opinion Research (APOR) limatsutsa poyera kukakamiza anthu kufufuza, kunena kuti zimenezi n’zosamveka bwino ndipo zimasokoneza miyezo ya sayansi ya kufufuza. Inde, kulimbikitsa kufufuza n’koletsedwa m’mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo United Kingdom, kumene angaonedwe kukhala kovuta anthu andale.

Chinyengo ndi Kunyengerera

Vuto la mwamsanga la makhalidwe abwino ndi chinyengo. Anthu ovomereza amakhulupirira kuti iwo akutengamo mbali m'kufufuza kwauchete, pamene kwenikweni akuuzidwa uthenga wokopa. Zimenezi zikuswa lamulo lakuvomereza kwa chidziŵitso. Kuwonjezerapo, kukakamiza kufufuza kungayambitse mphekesera zabodza kapena zowonadi, monga momwe zawonedwa m chitsanzo cha McCain. Chiyambukiro cha nthaŵi yaitali ndicho kusanthula kopanda chikhulupiriro kumene kumachititsa foni iriyonse yonenedwa kukhala yofufuza, kuipangitsa kukhala yovuta kwa ofufuza alamulo kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso cholondola. Misewu imene imasonkhezera kusanthula kuwonedwa poyera ngati, koma mapindu achidule apamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri imaposa mtengo wotchuka m'maganizo a matalentente.

Kupala Malo Ozungulira

Ku United States, kufunsira kokakamiza kumachitidwa mwalamulo, koma amatsata malamulo ena. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) imafuna kuti mafoni ochitidwa ndi opangidwawo (mapelu) aulule dzina ndi chidziŵitso cha gulu lochirikiza pa chiyambi cha foni. Komabe, kukakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito kumakhala anthu amene angafunse mafunso mwamsanga popanda kuulutsidwa kotheratu, kuswa lamulolo. Federal Ecompution Commission (FEC) ili ndi malire ochepa [1] Praccestion siima kulingaliridwa monga ngati atagwirizana mwachindunji ndi wofunsira kapena chipani. Mgwirizano wa boma, maboma angapo apanga malamulo ofuna kuyankha mwamsanga amene ali ofufuza, monga New Hampshire Virginiation. Komabe, ndi zovuta.

Ku Canada, kukakamiza kutsatsa kumagwera pa Ecostations Act, imene imaletsa kupanga ndemanga zonama ponena za oyembekezera. Canadian Radio-telec and TeTCENT Commission (CRTC) imalamuliranso kutsatsa malonda ndipo ingapereke malipo a machitachita osocheretsa. Padziko lonse, General Data Protection Regatection (GDPR) imakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima oika pa kukonza makompyuta a munthu mwini kuti agulitse malonda, amene angachepetse kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa kwa kutsa makampani ena a bungwe la EUC.

Mmene Mungadziŵire Mabodza a Anthu

Mbendera zingapo zofiira zimasonyeza kukakamiza anthu kuti achite kafukufuku m’malo mochita kafukufuku wovomerezeka:

  • Kaŵirikaŵiri mafoni aatali: Legitimate kusanthula kwa avareji ya mphindi 5-10; kukakamiza kufunsa kaŵirikaŵiri kumachitidwa kwanthaŵi yaitali pamene agwira ntchito ku mafunso ambiri otsogolera.
  • Mafunso ambiri: Mafunso amene amaphatikizapo ziweruzo zolakwika kapena zopindulitsa (m., "kupanda," "kupatula") akukayikiridwa.
  • Kusaulula kwa osonkha ndalama: Ngati woitanayo akakana kudziŵa amene akupereka ndalama zofufuzira, mwachionekere ndi kufunsira kokakamiza.
  • Kufikira kumapeto: Mayeso ofufuza amafunsa mafunso auchete; kukakamiza kuyesa kutsogolera mayankho anu ndi mawu okopa.
  • Unyinji wokwera: Ngati mulandira foni yochulukira kuchokera ku "survey" yokhudza oyembekezera amodzimodzi, mwinamwake ndi kufunsira kokakamiza.

Ofufuza amene amakayikira kuti achita kukakamiza anthu kufunsira akhoza kuima ndi kusimba chiŵerengero cha bungwe la Federal Trade Commission (FTC) kapena ofesi yawo yosankhira ya boma. Musaloŵe m'mafunsowo, monga momwe ngakhale kuyankha kungakulitse luso la mkupitiwo la kuvomereza.

Kumaliza

Kufufuza kwa makampani ndi chipangizo champhamvu kwambiri m'zipangizo zandale zamakono. Pamene akudzionetsa ngati ofufuza, cholinga chawo chenicheni ndicho kukopa mauthenga, kuumba mawonekedwe, ndi kutchula nkhani zothandiza kwambiri polankhulana. Zipani zandale zimagwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kufunsira kwawo ndi kulinganiza kwapadera, kuyesa nkhani zabwino ndi zoipa pa zigawo zosankhidwa. Komabe, luso limeneli limasokoneza malire a kutsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kuchititsa nkhaŵa kwambiri za chinyengo cha wovota ndi umphumphu wa democracy. Pamene masewerawo ayamba kufotokoza moona mtima kwambiri. Kufufuza zinthu ndi kuoneka bwino, anthu ayenera kukhalabe maso. Kuzindikira zizindikiro za kukopa ndi kumvetsetsa ntchito yokopa ndi kumvetsetsa ntchito yake yopanga chidziŵitso kuti aonetse chidziŵitso.