Kusintha kwa Chuma: Malo Opezerapo Thanzi ku Australia

Kulephera kwa zachuma kumayesa kulimba kwa mgwirizano wa dziko lililonse. Pamene mapangano a kukula, ulova, ndi kudalira anthu kukuchepa, maboma ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira ndiponso mwadongosolo. Bungwe la Australia lathandiza pa ntchito imeneyi, kukhazikitsa njira zimene zimakhazikitsa misika, kuchirikiza moyo, ndi kuyala maziko a kulimba kwa dziko. Nkhaniyi ipenda ntchito ya Kayendedwe ka chuma posintha, kufufuza njira zonse ziŵiri zothandizira kuyendetsa zinthu ndi njira zatsopano zimene zathandiza Australia kuyendetsa mavuto a zachuma kuyambira 2008 ku mavuto apadziko lonse a za CHOVAD-1919 ndi zimene maphunziro angapezere chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nyengo ya mtsogolo.

Kubwera kwa Ofesi ya Ndalama ya ku Australia Pobwerera M’mbuyo

Bungwe la Australia ndilo bungwe lotchuka la zachuma. Mathayo ake aakulu amaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malamulo a zachuma, kuyendetsa ndalama za boma ndi ndalama, kupereka zoneneratu zachuma, ndi kulangiza Wopereka ndi boma pa nkhani za ndalama. Panthaŵi ya kulephera kwa chuma, malamulo ochepetsa ntchito: kuchepetsa ndi kuwongolera. Ndalama zimagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi Reserve Bank ya ku Australia (RBA), Dipatimenti ya Ndalama, ndi mabungwe ena kuti agwirizane ndi njira zothandizira. Zida zake zimaphatikizapo njira zaumboni zachinsinsi, zothandizira ntchito (monga mapindu a kusoŵa ntchito), ndi masinthidwe a nyumba amene ali ovuta kwambiri m'zachuma.

Chokumana nacho chaposachedwapa cha Australia ndi Chovid-19 chimapereka fanizo lomveka bwino. Mu 2020, Khibitale inathandiza kupanga chimodzi cha zinthu zokoketsera kwambiri zapanthaŵi ya mtendere m'mbiri [1] msanganizo wa malipiro achindunji, ndalama zothandizira, ndi chichirikizo cha malonda zimene zinachepetsa kusweka ndi kukhazikitsa chuma kuti chipezeko mwamsanga. Kumvetsetsa kuti chipambano chimafunikira zonse ziŵiri kuchepetsako ndi kukhazikika kwanthaŵi yomweyo, Khindu limavomereza njira ziŵiri: yachidule ndi kusintha kwanthaŵi yaitali.

Ochirikiza Mfundo Zamwamsanga za Kukhazikika kwa Kanthaŵi Kochepa

Fiscal Stimulus: Kuchotsa Moyo m’Mavuto Osafunika

Chida chachindunji kwambiri m'ziŵiya za Kayendedwe ka ndalama ndicho kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zimene boma limagwiritsa ntchito. Pamene zofuna za anthu pa nthaŵi ya kutsika kwa chuma, anthu angathetse mpatawo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu, zaumoyo, maphunziro, ndi mautumiki a anthu. Maprojekiti ameneŵa sangoyambitsa ntchito zokha komanso amachepetsa kufunidwa kwa zinthu, zoyendera, ndi mautumiki. Bungwe la Australian Kofisi ya za zachuma lalimbikitsa kuti “makampani a zamakono agulitso a ndalama [1] [1] Malonjere, mabasilamu, zoyendera anthu onse, ndi makampani a , kuti awonjezere ntchito mwamsanga.

Mkati mwa kutsika kwa chuma kwa Covid , Kayendedwe ka Malo kuyang'anira [[FLT:] Job Sender programu yaing'ono ya Job yolipilira olemba ntchito, imene inalipira olemba ntchito kuti asunge antchito, kuwonjezerapo ntchito. Ataphatikizapo ndalama Job Reserser [[FLT:] [3] yowonjezera ndalama zothandizira ntchito za ntchito, njira zimenezi zinapanga mabiliyoni a madola m'zachuma. Kapendedwe kake kanasonyeza kuti popanda chisonkhetso chotero, pangano la GDP likanakhala lowopsa kwambiri. Fical imagwira ntchito chifukwa chakuti imasunga mphamvu zapanyumba zogula ndi kuwonongeka kwa ndalama zoikidwa m'dziko.

  • Kukonzanso ndalama zoyendetsera misewu, njanji, ndi magetsi otha kukonzedwanso
  • Kutumiza ndalama zogulitsidwa [1] – malipiro a mabanja otsika ndi opeza pakati owonjezera kugwiritsira ntchito
  • Kufutukuka kwa utumiki wa ku Thursday -''-'aunijansi' ya zaumoyo, maphunziro, ndi ntchito za m'chitaganya

Thandizo la Msonkho: Kubwezera Ndalama M’mapolopolo

Kachipangizo kena ndi kuchepetsa msonkho wa kanthaŵi kochepa. Mwa kuchepetsa msonkho pa mabanja ndi mabizinesi, Treasury cholinga chake kuwonjezera ndalama zotayidwa ndi kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. M'mbuyomu, Australia wayambitsa mafashoni otsatsa ndalama, malamulo owonjezereka a kukwera mtengo, ndi ndalama zochepetsera ndalama za munthu mwini. Mwachitsanzo, ma 2020-21 Federal Bal Bal Ballet anaphatikizapo kuchotsa kwa kanthaŵi kokwanira chuma cha makampani, kuwalola kuchotsa ndalama zonse zowonongedwa mwamsanga [1] Chisonkhetso chimene chinasonkhezera malonda a zopanga zinthu zamakono, zamakono, ndi ziŵiya zamagetsi.

Chopereka cha msonkho chimagwira ntchito makamaka pamene chiikidwa pa awo amene angawononge ndalama zowonjezereka. Olandira ndalama zotsika ndi zapakati ali ndi chikhoterero chapamwamba chakugwiritsira ntchito, chotero misonkho yotsogozedwa pa magulu ameneŵa ikupanga chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha chuma. Ndalama ya zamalonda imajambula mosamalitsa ziyambukiro za muyezo uliwonse wa msonkho kutsimikizira chipambano ndi kulinganiza.

Chichirikizo cha Mabizinesi: Kusunga Maluso a Kuwonjezeka

Makampani aang'ono ndi aang'ono (SMEs) ndiwo maziko a chuma cha Australia, kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi theka la antchito a kagulu ka anthu okha. Mkati mwa kutsika kwa chuma, SMES ali osavuta kwambiri chifukwa cha madera otsika a phindu, kuchepa kwa kukhoza kugula zinthu, ndi kudalira pa ndalama za oweruza. Ndalama zathandiza kuchirikiza ndalama zoperekedwa, kulola, ndi kulipira ndalama. pulogalamu ya PROG ya WHOG for Woomer [1] PORY POD PORY PORD PORY PORD POS POOVD POUD POGANS POS POS POS $200,000 [$1000,000] yopereka msonkho yaulence , zimene zinathandiza makampani ambiri obweretsa nyumba, makampani olandiro, ndi ndalama.

  • Malo operekera ndalama - ndalama zosalipidwa kaamba ka mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito
  • Zitsimikiziro za Loan [ – boma lobwezedwa ngongole ku mabanki amalonda
  • Kuphunzitsa kwabwino [1] – maprogramu kwa antchito opha ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wa malipiro

Kugwirizana kwa Magulu: Mphamvu ya Ntchito ya Magulu

Treasurer sungagwire ntchito m'chinthu chopanda kanthu. Kugwirizana ndi Reserve Bank ya ku Australia (RBA) kumatsimikizira kuti kusonkhezera kwa ndalama kumayendera limodzi ndi malamulo a ndalama zosawonongedwa. Panyengo ya mliriwu, maprogramu a Khate ya RBA anachirikizidwa ndi mapulogalamu a RBA ochepetsa ndalama kutsika ndi 0.10% ndi kuyamba programu yochepetsa ndalama, imene inapitirizabe kulipira ndalama za mabanja, mabizinesi, ndi boma lenilenilo.

Kufikira kwa Australia . Kumene Kayendedwe ka ndalama amakhazikitsa lamulo la bajeti pamene Reserve Bank ikulamulira malo a ndalama . Yatamandidwa padziko lonse chifukwa cha kulabadira kwake. International Monetary Fund inatchula mu 2021 kuti yankho logwirizana la Australia linali chitsanzo cha chuma china chopita patsogolo. RBA’s May 2021 pa Monetary Policy [1] inagogomezera kuti “chichirikizo cha ndalama chakhala chovuta kutetezera kutsika kwa chuma ndi kuchirikiza kuchira.

Kumanga Kukhazikika kwa Mitengo Yaitali: Kupyola Vutolo

Pamene ngozi yadzidzidzi yachitika, Treasury imasintha kwambiri masinthidwe ochirikiza kukula kokhazikika ndi kulimba mtima kwa mtsogolo. Mbiri imasonyeza kuti kulephera kwa chuma kungasiye zipsera zosatha [1] ulova womadzadzadza, kutayika, ndi ndalama za anthu zofooka . Ngati kuchira kwa kanthaŵi yaitali kwa Kayendedwe ka chuma kumazikidwa pa mizati inayi: kukonza ndi kutulutsa, kukulitsa kwa anthu, kukhazikika kwamakono, ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu.

Kusintha ndi Kupanga Zinthu: Oyendetsa Owonjezereka Achepetsa Kukula

Zachuma za Australia zadalira pa kukumba ndi ulimi, koma pambuyo pa kukonzanso kwa pambuyo pake zimapereka mpata wowonjezera. Treasury imalimbikitsa kuikizira ndalama m'mbali zimene zikubuka monga mphamvu, luso la zopangapanga, kupita patsogolo kwa zopanga, ndi mautumiki a zaumoyo. Kupyolera pa [[FLT: 0] Kufufuza ndi Chitukuko (R&D) M'makhomo Wothandiza [, makampani anganene kuti ndalama zokwana 43,5% ya ndalama zoyenerera R&D monga chochepetsera msonkho, kuyambitsa ntchito zachinsinsi. Kuwonjezerapo, Kufufuza [ManFUctive Conficial Conficial [[FLD :]

Kusintha kwa zinthu kumathandiza kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino m’dziko, kulimbikitsa anthu kuti ayambe kuchita malonda, kuwonjezera ndalama zimene angafunikire. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama 2020 zimene zayambitsa njira zothandizira kuti ntchito zisamathe kukonza zinthu, kupangitsa mabizinesi kuchepa kwambiri m’malo mochepetsa mphamvu za ntchito.

  • Kuikizira kwa maziko a kampani – kufutukulidwa kwa NBN ndi 5G
  • Kusintha kwa mphamvu kwabwino – ngongole za msonkho kaamba ka ntchito zokonzedwanso ndi malo a hydrogen
  • Ziwiri zofanana [ – kugwirizanitsa maphunziro a ntchito ndi maindasitale

Likulu la Anthu: Maphunziro ndi Kukonzanso Zinthu

Kubwezera kwa ntchito kumavulaza kwambiri antchito achichepere ndi awo amene ali m'maindasitale a zachipatala. Treasurer imazindikira kuti antchito aluso ndi okhoza kusintha ali maziko a kuchira kwa nthaŵi yaitali. programu ya Msonkhano wa M’ntchito , yoyambitsidwa mu 2020, yoperekedwa kwaulere kapena yotsika m'mafakitale m'magawo akukula monga ngati kusamalira okalamba, IT, ndi kusamala zaumoyo. Posachedwapa, ACHIPUTSOLY [ ndi maboma awonjezera kukhoza maphunziro a ntchito ndi maphunziro. Mwa kuyendetsa ndalama m'malikulu wa anthu, makampani akuchepetsa malo ndi zolipirira ntchito za m’tsogolo.

Malamulo Ofunika Kwambiri

Maprojekiti aakulu a maziko a zomangamanga amatumikira mbali ziŵiri: amapanga ntchito zomanga ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya chuma kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Treasury imalinganiza ntchito ndi kubwerera kwa anthu kwapamwamba . Malo a njanji, makhonti a katundu, malo omangapo magetsi, ndi njira zachitetezo za madzi. Programme Instructuration , yoŵerengedwa ndi $120 biliyoni pa zaka khumi, ndiyo phanga lapamwamba kwambiri la Australia. Mwakuvomereza ndi kuyendetsa ndalama za chaka chambiri, Ndalama zimapatsa chidaliro pambali yaumwini kuti ibweze ndalama ku boma lina.

Kusungika kwa Madzi: Kusamalira Tsitsi

Makongozero ambiri owonjezera ngongole za anthu mosapeŵeka. Vuto la Treasurer ndilo kuchirikiza kuchira popanda kulolera kudalirika kwa ndalama. Australia inaloŵa m'gulu la kutsika kwa chuma ndi ngongole zotsika za anthu (kuphatikiza 40% ya GDP), zimene zinapereka mphamvu yokongola yochuluka. Njira ya Treasurer ya masiku amodzi imathandiza kukhazikitsa ngongole ya khongo ndi kubwezeretsa ndalamazo zikamakula. Zimenezi zimatheka mwa msanganizo wa ndalama zimene zimawonjezera misonkhozo, kuchepetsa ndalama zowonongedwa, ndi kuchotsa zichilikizo za kanthaŵi kochepa. Kuyendetsa ngongole kumasunga ndalama zobweza ndi kubwezeretsa pang'onopang’ono kuyankha mavuto amtsogolo.

Mapangano 2021 International Report [[FL:1] amakonza kuti popanda kusintha, kuwononga thanzi, chisamaliro cha okalamba, ndi National Disability Inshuwalansission Scheme adzawonjezeka kwambiri pamene anthu ayamba zaka. Kuthetsa zitsenderezo zimenezi, mwa kusintha ndi kulangiza, kumatsimikizira kuti kuchira sikufesa mbewu za mavuto amtsogolo.

Mbiri Yake: Buku Losewera la ku Australia Lokhala ndi Maseŵera a Mapale a Pambuyo pa Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Dziko la Australia lathandiza kuti pakhale mavuto ambiri a zachuma m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi: kutsika kwa chuma kumayambiriro kwa 1990, mavuto a zachuma padziko lonse (amene Australia anapeŵa), ndi kutsika kwa chuma kwa 2020 CHOVID - 19 komwe kunachitika.

Kuchiyambi kwa Ma 1990: Maphunziro m’Kusintha Mabungwe

Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa chuma kwa 1990-91, Australia anayamba kusintha zinthu zachuma zambiri . "kuchepetsa ndalama, kuchepetsako, kupotoza dola, ndi malonda m'misika ya antchito. Treasury inapanga mbali yaikulu m'masinthidwe ameneŵa, amene apeza phindu la zotulutsa ndi kukhazikitsa chiyambi kwa zaka makumi aŵiri za kukula kosasokonezeka. Phunzirolo: kulephera kwa chuma kuli mipata ya kuimirira kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Vuto la Ndalama Padziko Lonse: Kuyesa Umphaŵi wa Ndalama

Mu 2008-09, zoperekera zoyendera za Australia zinali pakati pa zinthu zothamanga kwambiri ndi zazikulu kwambiri m'dziko lotukuka. Treasury inakonza msanganizo wa ndalama zolipidwa kwa opuma pantchito ndi mabanja, kuwonjezera ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, ndi kukhazikitsa Chisinthiko cha Maphunziro . Chotulukapo chinali kuchepetsa, kutsika kwachidule kwa ndalama . Otsutsa analoza kutaya zinthu zina ndi kusalephera, koma chivomerezo nchakuti chivomerezo cha Tree . Mfungulo: zinthu zokhala ndi liŵiro loposa ungwiro.

COVID-19: Chiŵerengero Choposa Kale Lonse

Mliri wa kutsika kwa chuma unali wosiyana ndi wina uliwonse . Kuletsa modzifunira mbali zazikulu za chuma. Chivomerezo cha Treasury chinali chogwirizana: Job Speeter, chilikizo la ndalama zowonjezereka, ndi malo operekerako makompyuta a ndandanda ya masamu. GDP inalumikizidwanso pakati pa zigawo ziŵiri, ndipo ulova unakwera kwambiri pa mlingo wotsika kuposa wowopedwa. Ndemanga ya Kayendedwe a chuma ya Kayendedwe ka chuma mu July 2022 [1] inasimba kuti ntchito inapitirira pamlingo wa kuyambika kwa mapulaneti a Australia, kukulitsa kulimba kwa chuma.

Mavuto Amene Akubwera Chifukwa Chochira

Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo okonzedwa bwino, kuchira sikungatsimikizidwe. Komboni ya Khirisimasi iyenera kuyendetsa ndege zingapo:

  • Zitsenderezo za kukwera kwa mtengo ] – kusonkhezera kopambanitsa kungawononge chuma, kuchititsa mitengo kukwera ndi chiwongola dzanja kuwonjezera kukula kwa pang'onopang'ono. Kukwera kwa kukwera kwa mtengo (kukwera kwa pa 7.8% chakumapeto kwa 2022) kukakamiza RBA kukwera, kuyesa kukhalitsa kwa kuchira.
  • Kusokoneza kwa ndandanda yowonjezera – kusokonezeka kwa dziko lonse, kuyambira pa nkhondo ku Ukraine mpaka mavuto a zandale, kungafooketse ndalama zogulitsidwa kunja ndi kupangitsa kukwera mtengo kwa malonda.
  • Kupeza ndalama [1] – chiŵerengero cha chiwongola dzanja chotsika ndi kutsata ndalama zopititsira kutsogolo kunawonjezera mitengo ya nyumba, kusalingana kukumakula ndi kuyambitsa maupandu a zachuma.
  • Msampha wa kutsikira ku mlingo wa magetsi [[FLT :1] ] – chiyeso chakukulitsa mkhalidwe wamwadzidzidzi chikhoza kutsekereza kudalirana ndi kutsekereza ndalama zachinsinsi.
  • [[MLT:0] Kusintha kwa masinthidwe [[FT:1] – kumangosintha kwa nyengo, ndi zaka za chiŵerengero cha anthu zimafuna kusintha kosalekeza; kulephera kuikizira kusintha kungasiye mbali zina za chuma kuwonongeka kotheratu.

Treasury imapereka masinthidwe okhazikika ku kupyolera mwa kujambula kolimba, kupenda kwa ndandanda, ndi kukambitsirana kosalekeza ndi bizinesi, maukwati, ndi maboma a boma. Gulu lake [[FLT: 0] la Policy limapanga masinthidwe okhazikika omwe amadziŵitsa ponse paŵiri boma ndi zoyembekezeredwa ndi anthu, kuthandiza nangula kudalira m'nthaŵi zosatsimikizirika.

Kupambana: Zisonyezero za Kuchira Kowona

Kuchira sikumangobwerera ku GDP yoyambitsidwa isanabwere. Khate imayang'anira zizindikiro zambiri:

  • Kuthandiza ndi kutengamo mbali + anthu ogwira ntchito a Australia pantchito kapena kuwafunafuna ayenera kukwera. Kulephera ntchito kuyeneranso kuchitika: ntchito yaganyu kapena yosadalirika iyenera kugwa pamene mikhalidwe isintha.
  • Kusintha [1] – kuikizira malonda, makamaka zinthu zopindulitsa, zizindikiro za chidaliro ndi kukhoza kwa kukula kwa mtsogolo.
  • Kuwonjezeka kwa kampani – kukwera kwa malipiro otsalirapo kumasonyeza kuti misika ya antchito ikutsendereza ndipo antchito akuthandizana m’kulemera.
  • Kusunga kukhazikika – ziŵerengero za ngongole ya ukonde ku GDP ziyenera kukhazikika ndipo potsirizira pake kuchepa pamene chuma chikukula.
  • Miyeso yosalingana – kuchira kumene kumasiya mabanja kapena madera otsika opezedwa. Treasury imagawa miyeso ya bajeti.

Tsogolo: Kukonzekera Kusintha Kotsatira

Ntchito ya Khate siileka. Ngakhale panthaŵi ya kuwonjezera, imajambula maluso othekera (monga ngati kukhala ndi ngongole zambiri, ma transmit , kunjenjemera kwa kunja , kumanga zotsekereza za lamulo. Makalata amaphatikizapo kusunga malo a mawolowa (owong'ono--GDP panthaŵi zabwino), kukulitsa zotetezera zofunikira (monga ngati kutetezeredwa kwa mayanjano kokhala ndi chivomerezo), ndi kuyesa kupsinjika kwa dongosolo la za zachuma. Kulengedwa kwa National Relificial Relieve Agency [[FLT1] mu 201]

Kusintha kwa nyengo kumabweretsa ngozi yapadera ya nthaŵi yaitali. Treasurer ikukula bwino madongosolo a zachuma [[FLT: 1] ndi kufufuza njira za carbon prices interline interline pa Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment ndi Maiter . Kusintha kwa kaboni ndi madzi kukhoza kukhala gwero la kukula ndi ntchito ngati zikhoza bwino, koma kumafuna kukonza ndi kuchirikiza bwino madera oyambukiridwa. 2023-24 pepala la DPALC pa kukhazikika kwa nyengo yotentha [1] Kukonzanso tsoka, kukonzanso hydrogen, ndi kukonza bwino mphamvu.

Kumaliza

Ntchito ya Khate ya Australian Instruction Reserve Bank, imasonyeza kukhoza kuyendetsa chuma pamavuto. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, cholinga chake pa kukonza zinthu, kulinganiza zinthu zofunika pa nthawi yake komanso zolinga za nthawi yaitali. Mwa kukonzanso ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, kupereka msonkho, kuthandizira m'bizinesi, komanso kugwirizana ndi kampani, imasonyeza kuti ikhoza kuyendetsa chuma m'mavuto. Pa nthawi yomweyo, cholinga chake pa kukonza zinthu, likulu la munthu, maziko ake, ndi kuchirikiza ndalama kumatsimikizira kuti kuchira sikubwerera ku malo apamwamba, koma maziko a chuma cholimba, ndiponso owonjezera, ndiponso olimbitsa kwambiri chuma.

Cholembedwa cha Australia cha zoyendera za m'tsogolo . Kupeŵa kulephera kwa chuma mu 2008, kubwerera kumbuyo kwambiri kuchokera ku CHOVID-19 , kumatsimikizira kwambiri za kulimba kwa Treasury ndi kufunitsitsa kutumiza zida zosagwirizana. Komabe mtsogolomu mudzabweretsa mayeso atsopano. Ntchito ya Treasury yopitirizabe pa zanyengo, kusintha kwa makono, ndi kulinganiza za chiŵerengero cha anthu kutsimikizira kuti dziko silingokhoza kuchira ku kutsika koma kuletsa kuigwira. Opanga malamulo, mabizinesi, ndi nzika zomwe, kuzindikira bukuli kuli mfungulo kuwongolera njira zosapeŵeka za moyo wa zachuma.