Mbali Yofunika Kwambiri ya Kusankha Demokalase ya America

Masankho oyambirira amatumikira monga njira yopezera ulamuliro wandale ku United States. Pamene kuli kwakuti masankho aakulu amasankha amene ali ndi udindo, ndi m'mipikisano yaikulu kuti munda wa oyembekezera kubatizidwa umayesedwa, mapulatifomu a pa chipani amayesedwa, ndipo ovota amatchulidwa choyamba. Kumvetsa mmene masankho oyambirira amapangira onse aŵiri osankhidwa ndi osankha nkofunika kwa aliyense wophunzira sayansi yandale, kuchita mpikisano, kapena kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wa boma. Nkhaniyi imafufuza masankhoti, mfundo, ndi kumasulira maluso a masankho, kujambula nkhani zazikulu za mbiri yakale, chidziŵitso, ndi ukatswiri wamakono.

Chifukwa Chake Kusankha Koyambirira Kuli Kofunika

Masankho aakulu ndi ongoyamba kumene, ndipo amasankha kuti ndi oyembekezera kulowa chipani cha ndale pa chisankho cha onse, kukhazikitsa bwino zosankha zopezeka kwa osankha autali.

  • Grassroots kutengamo mbali: Upandu umapereka mphamvu ku mamembala a gulu la kazitape ndi mafaira kuti aumbe njira ya gulu lawo, kaŵirikaŵiri kukulitsa mawu a kumalowo pa utsogoleri wa chipani cha dziko.
  • Kusanthula kwachivomezi: Nthaka yaikulu ya namsongole imene imatulutsa oyembekezera kuchirikiza kokwanira, kutsimikizira kuti masankho a onse asonyeza kale mlingo wakutiwakuti wa apilo wa ndale zadziko.
  • Chizindikiro cha Protothiki: Zotsatira zake zoyambirira zimatumiza zizindikiro zomveka kwa atsogoleri a chipani ponena za nkhani ndi malingaliro amene amagwirizana ndi chigawo, kusonkhezera malongosoledwe a malamulo ndi kutumiza mauthenga a pa chipani.

Monga momwe zadziŵikidwira ndi Brookings Institution, masankho aakulu angasinthe maziko a malingaliro a chipani, makamaka pamene kugamulako kukulamulidwa ndi otomera otomera mopambanitsa, kaŵirikaŵiri osankhidwa opambanitsa.

Mitundu Yoyambirira ya Zosankha ndi Zotsatira Zake

Malamulo aakulu oyendetsera masankho amasiyana kwambiri ndi boma, ndipo kusiyana kumeneku kumasintha kwambiri khalidwe la munthu wofuna kuvota ndi kutengamo mbali.

Malo Otsekeredwa

M’mabwalo otsekereza, ovota okha olembetsedwa ndi chipani angavote m'chigawo chachikulu. Dongosolo limeneli limalimbikitsa kukhulupirika kwa pa chipani ndipo limaletsa kuvota, kumene ziŵalo za chipani chimodzi zingavote m'chigawo chachikulu kuti zisonkhezere kusankha wotsutsa wofooka. Otsutsa amanena kuti mapritary amalimbikitsa kuyera kwa malingaliro ndi kuchotsa osankha okha. Maboma 15 kuphatikizapo New York ndi Florida, kugwiritsira ntchito njira zazikulu zotsekedwa.

Kutsegulira Malo Otseguka

Otsegulira makampani a boma amalola wovota aliyense wovomerezeka kusankha amene adzakhale ndi mbali yaikulu pa tsiku la chisankho. Dongosolo limeneli limangokhala lokha, koma limadzutsa nkhaŵa ponena za kuvota koyenera. Mwachitsanzo, wovota wosunga ufulu angavote mu Democratic yaikulu kuchirikiza munthu wotenga matenda oyenera, kukhoza kufooketsa tikiti ya Democratic. Mayiko onga Michigan ndi Virginia amagwiritsa ntchito ma Primension otse.

Malo Osungiramo Asunamo Otsekeredwa

Semi-criptors imalola ovota a chipani kuti asankhe kuti ndi chipani chiti chimene chidzavote, pamene ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa zingangosankha m'mpikisano wa chipani chawo. Kuphatikiza pa mfundo ndi kukhulupirika kwa chipani. Maboma monga North Carolina ndi Connecticut amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chimenechi.

Malo apamwamba - aŵiri (kapena “Jungle”)

Pansi pa dongosolo lapamwamba la aŵiri, oyembekezera kulowa mu ofesi awonekera pa pepala limodzi loyambirira, mosasamala kanthu za kugwirizana kwa chipani. Osankha aŵiri opita patsogolo ku chisankho cha onse, ngakhale ngati ali a pagulu limodzi. Dongosolo limeneli likufuna kuchepetsa ma flock àption ndi kulimbikitsa oyembekezera. California ndi Washington amagwiritsira ntchito malo apamwamba-ŵiri primeritary. Kufufuza kuchokera ku Fairvote [madongosolo apamwamba-aŵiri angawonjezerere ovota koma angachepetsenso kuimira kwa kagulu kamodzi.

Malo Osungiramo Malo Apamwamba

Alaska posachedwapa inatenga chisankho chachikulu chachinayi chophatikizapo kuvota kwapamwamba pa mavoti a onse. M'dongosolo lino, opanga mavoti anayi apamwamba, mosasamala kanthu za chipani, akupita patsogolo ku chisankho chapamwamba. Kusintha kumeneku kwakonzedwa kuti kuchirikize kuimira kokulira ndi kuchepetsa kuwonjezereka kwa dziko.

Mmene Zigamulo Zimasinthira Gulu

Anthu amene amafufuza zinthu zimenezi ayenera kuyendera malo amene masankho a masankho ndi ochepa, ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anthu ena, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri maganizo awo amakhala onyanyira kuposa anthu onse.

Kulingalira za Malo

Kuti apambane pa malo aakulu, oyembekezera kulowa m'gulu la ofufuzawo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi malo amene amachonderera kwa wopikisanayo. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku “kubwezera ku kunkitsa,” kumene oyembekezera kupikisana kuti awonedwa kukhala wochirikiza weniweni wa malamulo a zipani. Pa kutsekedwa, oyembekezera kuloŵawo angatenge malamulo amene ali kutali ndi wovota wa nyuzi, kokha kutsata pang'ono pa mkupiti wa chisankho. Chochitika chimenechi, chodziŵika monga “chiyambukiro chachikulu,” chalembedwa bwino m'mabuku a sayansi andale.

Kukonza ndi Kuchepetsa Ndalama

Chipambano chachikulu chimasonkhezeredwa kwambiri ndi kuchirikiza luso ndi kuvomereza anthu apamwamba. Ndalama zoyambirira kuchokera kwa anthu ang'onoang'ono opereka ndi oikidwa pagulu zingathe kusonyeza kuthekera. Kusintha kwa anthu otchuka, monga pulezidenti wakale kapena mipando ya zipani, kungayambitse kuchirikiza ndi kuletsa. Kukwera kwa ndalama za magetsi za pa Intaneti zaing'ono, makamaka kudzera m'mapulatifomu onga ngati Act Blue ndi Win Red, kwasintha dziko, kulola ofunsira ntchito kuukira oikonda kukhazikitsa.

Kugwidwa ndi Madzulo

Ofuna kutchuka achipambano kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga mautumiki amphamvu, kudalira pa kugogoda pakhomo, kusunga foni, ndi zochitika za kumaloko. Mphamvu imeneyi ya gulu ikhoza kupitirizabe m'masankho a onse, kupatsa munthu chiyambi chachikulu. Komabe, kusumika maganizo kwambiri pa mipikisano yoyamba kungachotsenso zinthu zofunika, kupangitsa oyembekezera kukhala osavuta kwa onse.

Zinthu Zogometsa

Upandu ndi malo ankhondo a magulu apakati. M'gulu la Democratic Party, mapiko opita patsogolo ndi oyenera kaŵirikaŵiri amawombana pa nkhani monga kusamalira thanzi, malamulo a zanyengo, ndi kukonzanso chilungamo chaupandu. Mu Republican Party, kugaŵikana pakati pa kukhazikitsa osasinthasintha ndi opanga mapulogalamu ndi otsutsa kapena otsutsa kuyambika kwa zinthu kwakhala mbali yolongosola za nyengo zaposachedwapa. Nkhondo za m'nkhondo zankhondo zimenezi zimapanga osati kokha zachinsinsi komanso chizindikiritso ndi chigwirizano cha gululo.

Kusankha Zochita za Pamalo Oyambirira

Ovota oyambirira amakhala osiyana ndi osankha aunyinji, ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi ndale, ogaŵanitsa, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri achikulire.

Nkhani ndi Zoulutsira Nkhani

Ovota oyambirira amadalira kwambiri pa chidziŵitso chachindunji cha ofunsira: malo alamulo, maseŵero, ndi kuvomereza. Kutchuka kwa wailesi, ponse paŵiri kwa mwambo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kumachita mbali yaikulu. Opanga mavairasi kapena otchuka kuchokera kwa anthu otchuka angapeze mphamvu. Komabe, mawu olakwika ndi kuonekera kosankha zingasinthenso zisankho zazikulu.

Kudziŵikitsa Gulu ndi Lingaliro la Zakuthupi

M'masukulu, kudziŵika kwa chipani ndiko kuperekedwa, chotero ovota amagwiritsira ntchito malingaliro kuti asiyanitse osankhidwa. Wovota amene amatchula kukhala “wosunga mwambo kwambiri” angasankhe wosankha amene amagogomezera kudula msonkho, ufulu wa mfuti, ndi makhalidwe a mwambo. Wovotayo “womasuka kwambiri” angaike patsogolo oyenerera kuchirikiza chisamaliro cha thanzi cha onse kapena msonkho wopita patsogolo. Kuwonjezereka kwa malingaliro osankhidwa a gulu la osankhidwa a ku America kwapanga osankhidwa kukhala ogwirizana kwambiri, komanso otsutsa kwambiri kulolera molakwa.

Zochititsa Kupsinjika Mtima ndi Zoyambukira

Charismsa, kuwona, ndi kusankhidwa kolingaliridwa kukhala kosonkhezera mwamphamvu kugalukira kwakukulu. Voters kaŵirikaŵiri amafunsa kuti: “Kodi wofuna kusankhidwa ameneyu angapambane chisankho cha onse?” Monga chotulukapo, opita kuntchito amene amaonedwa kukhala opambanitsa kapena osayenerera angakanidwe ngakhale ngati ali ndi malingaliro a wovotayo. Ndiponso, ovota angalange osankhidwawo chifukwa cha zolakwa za makhalidwe kapena mikangano yakale, ngakhale kuti kukhulupirika kwa mafuko kungagonjetse nkhaŵa zoterozo.

Kupita Kumwamba ndi Kukhala ndi Mbali

Kutsegula koyamba kumachepekera kwambiri . Kaŵirikaŵiri 20-40% ya osankha oyenerera m'maboma opanda maprinsial . Kutsika kumeneku kumakulitsa mphamvu ya magulu achifuniro, ochirikiza, ndi ovota achangu. Zoyesayesa zowonjezera kutengamo mbali, monga kulembetsa tsiku limodzi, kuvota koyamba, ndi maposi, zasonyezedwa kuwonjezera kutembenukira kwakukulu, koma chiyambukirocho nchodzichepetsa poyerekezera ndi masankhoti. Pew Research Center Lipoti lakuti kutembenuka koyamba kwanthaŵi yoyamba kwawonjezereka pang'ono, kosonkhezeredwa ndi kukwera kwa madera a m'dziko ndi ndale zadziko.

Chiyambukiro cha Zisankho Zachisawawa za Masankho Aakulu

Zotsatira za abusa otchuka zimaloŵa m’chosankha cha anthu onse, zikumayambukira chirichonse kuyambira pa kusintha ndi kukangana kwa lamulo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kachipangizoka Ndiponso Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mawu Oyera

Pamene masukulu atulutsa anthu otchuka kwambiri otchuka, osankha angafune kukopa anthu oyenerera ndi odziimira okha. Ofufuza akusonyeza kuti osankhidwawo mwa mapulaneti otsekedwa amasiyana kwambiri kuposa amene aikidwa m’madongosolo aŵiri otseguka kapena okulirapo. Komabe, zotsatirapo zimasintha. M'madera otetezeka, zitsenderezo zazikulu zimalamulira; m’madera opikisana, oyembekezerawo ali ndi zisonkhezero zolimba za kukhala aukatikati.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu ndi Kufunitsitsa

Makampani ofufuza ndi opanga mapepala apamwamba angawonjezere pangano la ovota. Ofufuza a Democratic Primealage 2016 ndi 2020 anawona zolembedwa, zosonkhezeredwa ndi chikondwerero chachikulu kwa onse aŵiri oyembekezera kulowa ndi nkhani. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, osayesedwa kapena makiyi otsika angasokoneze maganizo, amene angapitire kwa mkulu wa asilikali. Pamene gulu litenga chogaŵanitsa, ena ochirikiza otayikawo angangokhala pa chisankho cha onse kapena kuvota chipani chachitatu.

Umodzi wa Chipani

Anzake a dziko la Republican amachititsa kuti anthu a mpikisano asiye kudana, zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu a m’dzikolo avutike kugwirizanitsa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, dziko la 2016 linapanga ndewu zowawa pakati pa Donald Trump ndi anzake, koma ambiri a ku Republica anagwirizana kumbuyo kwa anthu a mpikisano. Koma m’zochitika zina, monga anthu osafuna kutchuka, olephera ndi owachirikiza angaletse kapena ngakhale kulimbikitsa wopikisana nawo, kufooketsa ziyembekezo za anthu ambiri.

Kupanga Ndalama ndi Masheya

Ofuna kutchuka amene amayang'anizana ndi zipani zokakala kaŵirikaŵiri amachotsa ndalama za ndawala, kuwasiya iwo pavuto kwa adani a osankhidwa bwino. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, oyembekezera kupata malo ndi chichirikizo chachikulu angakhoze kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yopereka ndalama zambiri. Makomiti a gulu la dzikolo angaperekenso chuma chozikidwa pa mpikisano waukulu, zowonjezera zotulukapo.

Zitokoso ndi Kusuliza Zosankha Zawo Zoyambirira

Ngakhale kuti amalonjeza kuti adzasankha anthu m’njira ya demokalase, masankho aakulu amatsutsidwa kwambiri ndipo zimenezi zachititsa kuti pakhale kusintha.

Kubwerera Kotsika ndi Kosaima

Kusuliza kopitirizabe kwambiri nchakuti osankhidwa aakulu saimira chiŵerengero cha anthu owonjezereka. Iwo ali achiyera, achikulire, ndi olemera kuposa onse aŵiri osankhidwa ndi osankhidwa onse. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti ovota oyambirira ali onkitsa kwambiri ndi othekera kwambiri kukhala ndi malingaliro amphamvu otsutsa, omwe angatsogolere ku kusankhidwa kwa ofunsirawo popanda kuchitidwa ndi anthu onse.

Kusintha ndi Kutha Kwake

Upandu ungawonjezere kugawana kwa ndale zadziko mwa oyembekezera kufupidwa amene amakopa ku ziwalo zokhulupirika koposa za chipanicho, kaŵirikaŵiri zonkitsa. Mphamvu imeneyi yagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukwera kwa ofuna kutchuka ndi otsutsa kumbali zonse ziŵiri, ngakhale kuti chiyambukiro chake chimawonekera kwambiri m'zigawo zosunga ufulu kumene masankho aunyinji saali opikisana.

Kucholowana ndi Kusokonezeka Maganizo

Malamulo akuluakulu a m'mayiko onse amasokoneza anthu ovota. Munthu amene akusamuka kuchoka ku boma lopanda anthu kupita ku utala wa anthu osadziwika sadziwa nthawi yolembetsa kapena zimene zikufunika pagulu. Kuvuta kumeneku kumakhudza achinyamata, osauka, ndiponso ongotola osaphunzira, kuwonjezera pa kutenga nawo mbali.

Mtengo ndi Kukhalitsa

Mkupiti waukulu ukhoza kukhala miyezi kapena zaka, kudyetsa chuma chochuluka. Opanga mavoti ayenera kukweza ndalama zopikisana m’maiko ambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri mavoti oyamba asanakambitsidwe. nyengo yaikulu ingachititsenso kutopa kwa woponya ndi kuchepetsa chisamaliro ku mkangano wofunika wa malamulo.

Kuwalangiza Bwino

M’mabwalo a anthu, nthaŵi zina magulu amayang’anizana ndi ngozi ya “kuvota kochitidwa mwadala,” kumene ochirikiza chipani china amadutsa dala kuti asankhe munthu wofooka. Pamene kuli kwakuti umboni wokakamiza wa kuvota kokhudza kuukirako umasanganizidwa, kuthekera kwake kumasonkhezera makambitsirano onena za kukhulupirika koyambirira.

Kusintha ndi Tsogolo la Kusankha Koyambirira

Chifukwa cha mavuto ameneŵa, anthu ambiri apeza njira zosinthira zinthu.

  • Kumwamba ŵiri ndi pamwamba: adakonzedwa kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa nthaka ndi kuwonjezera mpikisano mwa kulola oyembekezera ambiri kuchokera ku gulu limodzimodzilo kupita patsogolo.
  • Kusankha kokhala ndi mapepala otchuka: Amalola osankha kugawa, kulimbikitsa kuvomereza ndi kuchepetsa chiyambukiro cha oyembekezera a mbali yachitatu.
  • Kutsegulira malo olembera ndi tsiku limodzi: cholinga cha kuwonjezereka kwa pulogalamu ndi kupanga voti kukhala yoimira kwambiri.
  • Motsimikizirika ndi ndalama zoyendetsera: Kuchepetsa chisonkhezero cha opereka olemera ndi a PC apamwamba, kukhoza kuchepetsa malo oseŵerera.
  • Nonpartans princial: [[FL:1] m'madera ena, prime imachotsedwa kotheratu ndi kuyanja zisankho zosakhala zapartis, kulola ovota onse kusankha kwa onse oyembekezera pa chigawo choyamba.

Masinthidwe ameneŵa akuyesedwa pa milingo ya boma ndi ya kumaloko. Mwachitsanzo, Alaska dongosolo lapamwamba la makope anayi lapadera linafalitsidwa mu 2022 ndi kukopa anthu a mtunduwo monga chitsanzo chokhoza kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa dziko. Kufufuza koyambirira kumapereka lingaliro lakuti dongosolo loyambirira limalimbikitsa nyumba yomangidwa motsatizana ndi magulu otsagana ndi kulola opitira patsogolo oyenerera.

Kumaliza

Chisankho chachikulu ndi maziko koma chosamvetsetseka a democracy ya America. Amaumba oyembekezera kukhala ndi ulamuliro, kupereka mawu kwa ziwalo za chipani, ndi kusonkhezera malingaliro a dzikolo. Komabe iwo amayang'anizananso ndi mavuto aakulu, kuphatikizapo kutembenuka kochepa, kusungunuka, ndi kusagwirizana. Kumvetsa mmene mapulogalamu a ntchito a ku America amagwirira ntchito. Ndi mmene angasinthidwire kwa aliyense amene akufuna kugwirizana ndi dongosolo landale. Pamene malo akupitirizabe kusanduka, aphunzitsi ndi osankhidwa ayenera kudziŵa za njira zimene amasankha. Zamoyo za democracyism zimadalira, mbali ina, pa thanzi la masankhoti awo aakulu.