Chiyambi: Kuloŵedwa Pansi kwa Kutulukiridwa kwa Chiŵeniŵeni ndi Kubisika kwa Malamulo

Kutulukira kwa magetsi (e-vuluko) kwasintha mmene umboni umasonkhanitsidwira m'nkhani zachiŵeniŵeni. Koma pamene kutulukirako kumaphatikizapo kutumiza munthu wina ̱ mafaelo a manambala, maakaunti a ma email, kapena mdima, njirayi ingagwirizane ndi malamulo otetezera kufunafuna kosayenera ndi kugwidwa ndi khunyu. Ziyeneretso za nkhondo zimagwira ntchito monga mlonda walamulo, kutsimikizira kuti mapwando sawomba zinthu zachinsinsi popanda kuyang'anira komiti yachiweruzo. Mosiyana ndi nkhani yodziŵika bwino, makompyuta-abulujikitsa amadzutsa mafunso apadera: Kodi n’chiyani chiyenetseke kufunafuna? Nanga zilozo zikhale zolembedwa kamodzi?

Nkhani ino ikupenda kusungidwa kwa malamulo ofunikira m’kufufuza kwa boma, kukwaniritsa malamulo, zitokoso zofala, njira zothandiza, ndi kusintha kwa zinthu. Mwakumvetsetsa malamulo ameneŵa, magulu alamulo angapange kutulukira kololedwa mwalamulo, kutetezera zinsinsi za anthu otsatsa malonda, ndi kupeŵa ziletso zokwera mtengo.

Kumvetsetsa Zofunika Zopatsa Nkhondo m’Maphunziro Obisika

Chikalata ndi lamulo la khoti lovomereza kufunafuna kapena kulanda katundu wina. Pankhani ya boma, pamabuka malamulo ngati gulu la anthu likufunafuna njira yofikira ESI yosakhala mbali yake, kapena pamene kutulukirako kuchititsa chidwi chachinsinsi chotetezedwa ndi Lamulo la Chinayi. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti chikalata chiyenera kuchirikizidwa ndi zifukwa zomveka, kufotokoza mwapadera zinthu zimene akufuna kuzifufuza, ndi kuphedwa m’njira yomveka.

Maziko a Kukonzanso Kwachinayi

Chikalata chachinayi cha Kusintha kwa Malamulo a United States chimateteza anthu ku kufufuza kosayenera ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri. Ngakhale kuti mbiri yakale imagwira ntchito pa ntchito ya boma, malamulo ake amatsogolera makhoti pa mikangano ya boma, makamaka pamene magulu achinsinsi ayesa kupeza chidziŵitso kudzera mwa masupe kapena maoda a khoti. United States v. Jones[FL:1] [202], Khoti Lapamwambalo linasunga kuti ligwiritsitse chipangizo cha GPS pofufuza galimoto, ndipo limapanga kufunafuna chikalata cha makompyuta ambiri. Kwa anthu a kuchuluka, a m'dzikolo, a a m'potum'ana &8; ziyenerezo zoyenerera zitanthauza kuti makhoti aperekeze opempha pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa &8817; kuti afunikire umboni wotsutsana ndi zimene gulu la pulogalamu.

Zofunika Zosamalitsa: Kuchitapo Kanthu Polankhulana

Pansi pa kampani ya SCA, boma liyenera kupeza chilolezo chokakamiza munthu kuulula zinthu zimene zili m’manja mwa mawaya kapena kulankhulana ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zasungidwa kwa masiku 180 kapena ochepera. Pakachitika mapulogalamu akale, kukambirana kwa makompyuta kapena khoti kukhoza kukwanira, koma makhoti ambiri apereka chitetezo kwa onse otsala pansi pa kuwerenga Kombo lachinayi. M'makalata a boma, kaŵirikaŵiri mabungwe amadalira pa mapepala apamwamba, koma makhoti angafunikire kuonetsedwa ngati kuti zinthu zachinsinsi zachinsinsi zikhale zapamwamba. Akatswiri a zalamulo ayenera kutchula za SCA kapena kuteteza malamulo.

Miyezo ya Malamulo Yolimbikitsira Ntchito

Khoti likapereka chilolezo chokanena mlandu, anthu oonetsetsa kuti milandu yachitika ayenera kutsatira mfundo zokhwima za malamulo ndiponso zomveka bwino.

  • [[MLT:0] Chochititsa chotsimikizirika: Opempha ayenera kusonyeza chikhulupiriro choyenera chakuti ESI iri ndi umboni wogwirizana ndi chinenezo chachindunji kapena chitetezo.
  • Kuchuluka: Chilolezo chiyenera kulongosola chidziŵitso kapena zipangizo zokhala ndi tsatanetsatane wokwanira kuletsa kufunafuna kwa kazembe, kufufuza. Mawu amtundu wina monga “ all emails ̵ kaŵirikaŵiri amayesedwa mopitirira mu madera ambiri.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kusintha: [[FLT :1] Kufufuza kuyenera kuchitidwa m’njira imene imachepetsa kuloŵerera pa zinthu zosakopa kapena zotchuka. Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsira ntchito mfundo zotsogola, milongo ya deti, kapena malamulo a zachuma.
  • Kubwerera kwa katundu: [[FLT ] Atafunafuna, chigamulo chopereka chifunikira kubwerera kapena kuwononga chidziŵitso chosafunikira ndi kupangitsa khunyu lonse.

Kupenda Chiweruzo ndi Kupereka Udindo

Khoti limapenda lamulo losungitsa lamulo pansi pa lamulo lakulinganiza loikidwa mu Ulamuliro wa Federal wa Chigawo 26(b)(1). Ngakhale ngati chilolezo chiri chogwira ntchito, mtolo pa gulu lolabadirawo suyenera kupitirira phindu lothekera la kupezedwa. O’ Tooler . McTaggart [1] (A. 19-cv030, N.D), Karo 20, khoti lofuna gulu la Ù kusungidwa kwanga kokhala ndi pepala, lopanda kulinganiza. Pamene akupempha, lamulolo liyenera kufotokoza bwino ndi kulongosola kuti nchifukwa chake n’chabwino.

Mavuto Potsatira Zofunika Zosafunika

Kulamula anthu panyengo ya makompyuta kuli ndi zopinga zothandiza ndi zamalamulo zambiri.

Kufotokoza Ukulu wa Zipangizo Zogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta

ESI ikukhala m'zipangizo zambiri, maakaunti a m'mitambo, mapulogalamu a za mayanjano, ndi ma appeact. Chilolezo chimene chimatchula “ za m'buku la Dealtant ̱ foni ’ zingaphonye chidziŵitso chosungidwa m'maseŵero akutali kapena ziphanga zolankhulana. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amafuna malongosole atsatanetsatane a mathekishoni ndi kuŵerengera mathebulo. Mu Grand Jury Subbena , 2018.001], WL (D.D.C.2018), khotilo linasunga kuti likhale ndi chizindikiro cha kunyumwiridwa &&17; ikloultsss, chifukwa chakuti linaphatikizapo mafaelo onse a gulu la zopanga mafaelo, kapena zopimira kugonjetsa ndi zogwirizana ndi zogwirizana zalamulo.

M’gulu la Wotchi ndi Zinthu Zolembedwa pa Mtanda

Pamene ESI asungidwa pa maseŵero okhala m’maiko osiyanasiyana, lamulo lolamula limavuta ndi malire a boma. Khoti Lapamwamba la United States mu Riley v. California (2014) (Mozizana masamu a manambala amasiyana ndi umboni weniweni, ndipo Microsoft Corp. v. United States[FLT] [[3] [20] mlandu wogogomezera nkhondo pakati pa U.S.'''''''''''''''''''''''maudindo achinsinsi. Nthaŵi zambiri milungu imafunikira chilo chovomerezeka ku khoti lokhala ndi ulamuliro pa woyang'anira. Ozemba ayenera kuyembekezera kuima pamalo ozikidwa ndi malo a Salsensi kwa Sat SCern kapena okonzekera kulongosola Chilamulo (AC).

Zopinga za Kulemba Zolakwika ndi Zaluso

Kulemba mawu olembedwa kumapeto kungapangitse chilolezo chosatha kukakamiza chifukwa chakuti mfundozo sizingaŵerengedwe ngakhale ngati zagwidwa. Makhoti alimbana ndi ngati anthu angakakamizidwe kumasulira makompyuta kapena kupereka mawu achinsinsi. United States v. Apple (20], boma linafuna kukakamiza Applet kukonza malo akumbuyo a iPhone, pempho lochotsedwa pambuyo pa kutsendereza kwa anthu. M'makhoti, makhoti angalamulitse makope otseredwa kapena kukakamiza kuti apereke zikalata ngati gulu lagamulo likana kugwirizana. Komabe, malamulo a Lachisanu &817; chitetezo pa kutsendeka ku ku kukakamiza anthu odzikakamiza. Kudzikakamiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.

Mwayi ndi Chitetezo cha Ntchito

Makhoti aona kuti kulephera kuteteza mwayi wopeza maloya kapena zinthu zina zopindulitsa. Gulu logwiritsa ntchito ntchito gululi liyenera kukhala ndi njira zoonera zinthu zamtengo wapatali . Mwachitsanzo, mwa kugwiritsira ntchito mitengo ya mwayi, majeremusi, kapena mapangano a chikole. Makhoti alephera kuteteza mwayi. [[FL:0] Mack v. United States [FL:1], 201 WL 12356 (N.C.C.201, khoti linagamula kuti boma lichite ntchito yofufuza kokulira kwa kampani ya ̱ sereshoni ndi kubwerera kwa mapepala onse chifukwa chosoŵa mwayi woyendera malo ake. Motero, limafuna kulinganiza, kuti likhale ndi mwayi woyang'anira zinthu zabwino.

Machitidwe Abwino Koposa Otsatira Zofunika Zosalekeza

Kuti atsimikizire kuti malamulo atsatiridwa mwalamulo ndi ogwira ntchito bwino, akatswiri a zamalamulo ayenera kutengera njira zotsatirazi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zombo Ndiponso Anthu Omwe Anagwira Ntchito Yomenyana ndi Yoopsa

Gwiritsani ntchito ndi akatswiri a zachitetezo ndi khoti kulongosola bwino lomwe zimene zafunidwa. Gwiritsani mizere ya deti, mitundu ya mafaelo, osunga, ndi maina otchulidwa. Pewani kutsitsidwa mawu otseguka monga ̵ zolemba zonse zogwirizana ndi ̵ popanda kuchepetsa mawu ozungulira. Chikalata chachitsanzo chingafotokoze: #820; Mamesewero onse pakati pa John Doe ndi Jane Smith kuyambira January 1, 2023, mpaka December 31, 2023, ponena za pangano la pa February 1, 2023. &821; Ichi chingachepetse mpata wopimira kapena woyendetsa zinthu.

Kuyamba Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta

Akatswiri ofufuza za m'mafakitale angathandizire kupanga njira yosonkhanitsira, kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ofufuza, ndi kulemba mpambo wa kusunga ana. Kukhala kwawoko nkofunika kwambiri makamaka pochita ndi malo ovuta monga kampani kapena kulankhulana kobisa. Mwachitsanzo, mu United States v. Comprehensive Drug Sumporting Commentating (9. 2010), khoti linatsutsa boma chifukwa cholephera kugwiritsira ntchito zida zofufuzira zososoletsera ndi kulamula kuti kompyuta yamtsogolo ifufuze ndi malire. Magulu a anthu a ku pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya .

Kulandira Chilolezo cha Khoti la Malamulo Ofufuza

Mmalo moyembekezera mkangano, funani chilolezo cha khoti cha njira zofufuzira zisanapereke chilolezo. Izi zingaphatikizepo mpambo wa mawu apadera, mapulani ochotsera, ndi masitepe a mwaŵi. Chilolezo cha khoti chikupanga doko lachisungiko lotetezereka ndi kupangitsa chilolezo kwa gulu lotsutsalo pambuyo pake kutsutsa kuti kufunafunako kunali kosamveka. Makhoti ena tsopano amafuna kuti anthu apereke lamulo la pa ̴ kubisa malamulo a ” limodzi ndi kufunsira kwa lamulo.

Musasiye Kulemba Nkhani Zosaiwalika

Sitepe iliyonse ya lamulolo . Kuchokera pa lisiti ya chikalatacho kufika ku kutulutsa komaliza kwa data . Izi zimaphatikizapo mitapo ya amene amafikitsa chidziŵitso, zida zimene zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, makope a maina onse a dzina la munthu ndi metadata, ndi kuŵerengera kwa zinthu zogwidwa. Makalata abwino amathandiza kuteteza ku mawu akuti station kapena kupezeka . Imathandizanso kuonekera ngati khoti litabwereza kuvomereza pambuyo pake.

Gwiritsirani Ntchito Malamulo Otetezera ndi Mapangano Ochititsa Chidwi

Chitsogozo chotetezera pansi pa Lamulo 26(c) chingachepetse kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chovumbulidwa kunja kwa thanthi. Chipangano chachiphamaso pansi pa Lamulo 502 (d) chimalola opanga kugwiritsa ntchito mwaŵi ngakhale pambuyo potulukira kwa mabomba. Ziŵiya zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri pamene chikalata chikufunikira kutembenuza mitumiyanda ya chidziŵitso. Kuzisintha kuti zikhale njira yochepetsera ngozi ya kugwiritsa ntchito.

Ntchito ya Mbuye Wapadera

M'kuvumbula kocholoŵana, makhoti amaika mowonjezereka ambuye apadera kuyang'anira kusungitsa lamulo. Mbuye wapadera angagwire ntchito monga gulu lopenda chidziŵitso, kuthetsa mikangano ya mwaŵi, ndi kutsimikizira kugwirizana ndi chikalata chapadera cha papystance ̱, ndi kutsimikizira kuti chikalata chotchedwa kuti chikutsatiridwa ndi pulogalamu, mwachitsanzo, mu mu re: Facebook ̱ Warrant Compliance , mbuye wapadera anaikidwa kupenda zaka zikwi zambiri za zikalata zotsatidwa ndi pulogalamu. Mabungwe ayenera kuona ngati mbuye wapadera pamene volumeyumu ya ES ili yokwezeka kapena pamene mikangano ya za za maluso ikuyembekezeredwa.

Kuyeretsa Chifukwa Chopanda Usilikali Kapena Kuwagonjetsa

Kulephera kusungitsa lamulo moyenerera kungatulukepo zotulukapo zowopsa. Ngati gulu liposa ukulu wa chilolezocho kapena kulephera kutetezera zinthu zamtengo wapatali, khoti lingatsendereze umboni, malipiro, kapena kukhazikitsa zilango za ndalama. Lilly & Co. ndi. Arch Inishuwansition . (S.D. 2021], khoti limavomereza mtsogoleri wa mlandu wa kusanthula kopanda lamulo kwa Mfumu ̱ ligaŵana mayanjano, kubwerera kwa madata onse ndi malipoti a loyamwino. Mosemphana ndi mawu., ngati gulu lingaletse lamulo lopanga ndi kutulutsa ndi kunyoza. Mfungulo yake imachita zinthu zomveka bwino.

Zomwe Zidzachitike M’tsogolo

Kuchuluka kwa anthu amene akubwera kudzaphatikizapo:

  • Luntha lopanga ndi kubwereramo kwa magetsi: ziŵiya za AI zingathandize kuchepetsa kusonkhanitsa kopambanitsa mwa kutchula zinthu zofunika asanagwidwe. Makhoti ayamba kuvomereza kubwereranso kwa AI kogwirizana monga njira yabwino, malinga ngati ma algoritime ali openyetsetsa ndi otsimikizika.
  • Malamulo achinsinsi a boma: malamulo a boma onga California Consumer Activity Act (CPA) ndi malamulo a mitundu yonse onga GDPR amaika ziletso zowonjezereka pa kupezeka kwa chidziŵitso. Chikalata chiyenera kugwirizana ndi zigawo zonse ziŵiri za boma ndi zachinsinsi za boma.
  • Emphameral ndi ma appensi obisika: Mapsipulo onga ngati chizindikiro, Telegram, ndi Zimene Sap ndi mauthenga otha zimafuna zilolezo kuphedwa mofulumira, kaŵirikaŵiri pasanathe maola angapo. Magulu alamulo ayenera kuyambitsa malamulo otsatizana mwamsanga kuti asunge chidziŵitso choterocho.
  • Zigawo zaing'ono ndi SCA: Mzera pakati pa ziyeneretso zachiŵeniŵeni ndi zaupandu ungasokonezeke pamene makhoti a SCA agwiritsira ntchito chitetezo kwa mapopea osakhala azigawo. Otsatira ayenera kuyang'anira pamene kavalo afuna kusonyezedwa kwa “chifuno” cholingana ndi chilolezo.

Mwa kupitirizabe kudziŵa za zochitika zimenezi, osunga malamulo angasinthe njira zawo zosungitsira lamulo kuti zikhalebe zogwira mtima ndi zololedwa.

Kumaliza

Ziyeneretso zopinga m'malamulo za kubisa sizongochitika mwaukatswiri; ndizo malamulo otetezera zinthu zachinsinsi pamene akukhozetsa kulondola chilungamo. Kuchokera ku Kusintha kwa Fourth Commergation ndi Triniced Commissions ku kupenda mayeso achiweruzo, kukhazikitsa malo alamulo kumafuna kulinganiza ndi kupha. Mwakumvetsetsa miyezo, kuyembekezera mavuto, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito machitapo kanthu, kuloŵetsedwa kwa akatswiri, malamulo ovomerezedwa ndi khoti, ndi mapepala amphamvu angasungitse malamulo m’njira yoyenerera, kupeŵa zilango, ndi kuyang'aniza mosamalitsa.

Kaamba ka chitsogozo chowonjezereka, funsani [[FLT: 0] Fateral Judication Center ’ is e-iburecty , Malamulo a Chiŵeniŵeni [Malamulo a Chiŵeruziro] , ndi [FLT]] kuchirikiza kwa Woweruza ̱ malangizo a SCA . Maulamuliro ameneŵa amapereka maziko olimba operekera malamulo a ku kuyendetsa ntchito yaumboni m'nyengo za .