Maboma ku United States atulukira monga madalaivala amphamvu a kupatsidwanso mphamvu, akuyambitsa njira zambiri zimene zimaposa malamulo a boma. Maprogramu a boma ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amasinthasintha kwambiri, kuyendera zinthu za m'dziko, ndi kuthekera kwa ndale, kuwapangitsa kukhala ndi makampani ofufuza mphamvu zoyera. Mwa kupereka magalimoto a zamagetsi oyendera ndalama, madongosolo oyendera malamulo, ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama, madipatimenti a boma sakungochepetsa kudalira zinthu za m'mabwinja komanso kupititsa patsogolo zachuma, kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la anthu, ndi kuika malo awo pamalo a mphamvu zanthaŵi yaitali. Kufufuza kochititsa chidwi kumeneku kuchuluka kwa magulu a boma, kutchula zitsanzo zazikulu za kuzungulira dziko lonse, ndi kupenda ziyambukiro za m'tsogolo.

Ntchito Yaikulu Yochitidwa ndi Madipatimenti a Boma

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zimene boma limakonza n’zochuluka, koma zimagwera m’magulu atatu aakulu: zisonkhezero za ndalama, maphunziro ndi kupititsa patsogolo zinthu zapamtunda, ndi kumanga malo apamwamba. Gulu lililonse limachita mbali yosiyana pogonjetsa zopingazo (kaya zachuma, chidziŵitso, kapena zaluso [1] zimene zingachedwetse kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zokhalanso ndi mphamvu monga magetsi, mphepo, geothermas , ndi biology.

Ndalama Zokwanira

Zisonkhezero zandalama zidakali chida chachindunji ndi chotchuka kwambiri cha madipatimenti a boma chokonzekeretsa kugwiritsa ntchitonso mphamvu. Maprogramu ameneŵa amakonzedwa kuchepetsa mtengo wapamwamba wa kuikidwa kwa makompyuta monga madenga a dzuŵa, tirbine, kapena makina otentha a pansi. Njira zofala zogwiritsira ntchito:

  • Atsa ndi Maprogramu a Chars Back: [[FLT :1] Madziko onga New York amapereka kutsogolo kubwerera ku maprogramu onga NY-Sun, amene amapereka chisonkhezero cha khutu pa modzi kaamba ka kuikidwa kwa malo ndi makampani a dzuŵa. Izi zimachepetsa mtengo woyamba wogulira, kupangitsa dzuŵa kukhala lofikirika kwambiri ku nyumba zopezedwa.
  • Zikalata za mabanki: Maboma ambiri amapereka ngongole za kampani ndi za malipiro a munthu kaamba ka chigawo chimodzi cha mtengo wa kuika. Mwachitsanzo, Residentience Energy Treasurer Intects imasunga $2,500 pa dzuŵa, pamene Iowa amapereka ngongole ya msonkho kaamba ka mphepo ndi dongosolo la mphamvu ya dzuŵa. Kuwonjezerapo, kuchotsa msonkho wa katundu kumatsimikizira kuti mtengo wowonjezereka wa madongosolo okonzanso samawonjezera msonkho wa mwininyumba.
  • Preformance-Isecoded Incentives : Maiko ena, monga Massachusetts, amagwira ntchito maprogramu amene amalipira eni mapulogalamu a kompyuta kwa okonzanso njira yawo yamagetsi yomapanga. Ndalama zimenezi zimapangitsa. Nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kuti Solar Reconsole Reconvenuble Energy Mail Madict (SRECs) .
  • Programs zogwirizana za Business ndi Nonflives: Madipatimenti a Boma a mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha malo okhala kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka mphatso zopereka zopereka zopereka kwa masukulu, magawo a makampani, ndi mabizinesi ang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, Colorado Energy Office imapatsa mphatso kaamba ka minda ya dzuŵa ndi galimoto zamagetsi zomangidwa ku miagwero yokonzanso.

Ziŵiya zandalama zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimaikidwa ndi zisonkhezero za boma, zonga ngati Investicement Tax Certice Certice (ITC), kufutukula kuthekera. Malinga ndi National Republicable Energy Laboratory , zisonkhezero zophatikizidwa ndi zisonkhezero za boma zingachepetse mtengo wa khoka wa dongosolo la dzuŵa lokhalako ndi 50% kapena kuposapo m'zigawo zina.

Mkupiti wa Maphunziro

Kuwonjezera pa thandizo la ndalama, madipatimenti a boma amadzipereka kwambiri pophunzitsa anthu kuti asinthe kaonedwe kawo ndi kumanga antchito aluso.

  • School-Based Curicula: Madziko onga Hawaii aphatikizapo nkhani za mphamvu zokonzedwanso m'mayeso a K-12 a sayansi, kugwiritsira ntchito ziŵiya za dzuŵa ndi mphepo ya kachipangizo ka mphepo kuphunzitsa ophunzira za kupangidwa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Komiti ya Hawaii State Energy Office imayendetsanso programu "Eregy mu Sukulu", imene imaphunzitsa aphunzitsi ndi zipangizo za m'makalasi.
  • Makampani a kampani ya ntchito ndi WebSA: Madipatimenti ali ndi mashopu aulere kwa eni nyumba, eni mabizinesi aang'ono, ndi alimi a nkhani zochokera pa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya dzuŵa ku kupenda magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, Komiti ya Minnesota ya Zamalonda imapereka chigawo chonse "Langu la Onse" mpambo wa kampani, kaŵirikaŵiri m'mayake ndi malaibulale ndi malo a chitaganya chakwawo.
  • Kutetezera ndi Kuona padera: Kulimbana ndi njira zopeputsa ndi zoziziritsa, zonga California ndi New York zimafalitsa zitsogozo za pa Intaneti zimene zimalongosola mawu a pangano, zoyembekezera kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo, ndi zofunika zosamalira. Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu ya magetsi [[FLT:] U.S. Dipatimenti ya magetsi imagwirizana ndi maofesi a boma kufalitsa zinthu zimenezi.
  • Programs zopititsa patsogolo ntchito: Mkupiti wa maphunziro u''''''nawonso. Madipatimenti a boma amagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi makoleji a chitaganya kupereka maprogramu a kutsimikizira makompyuta a magetsi a dzuŵa, odziŵa za mphepo, ndi openda mphamvu. Washington’s Clean Energy Fund, mwachitsanzo, yaphunzitsa antchito zikwi zambiri kaamba ka maindasitale okonzedwanso kupyolera ku masukulu a zopanga.

Kuyesayesa kwa maphunziro kumeneku kumawonjezera: eninyumba odziŵa amapanga zosankha zaluso kwambiri, ophunzira amasintha zinthu, ndipo anthu a m’madera ena amakhala ndi chidaliro cha kuchirikiza ntchito zazikulu monga mafamu a mphepo kapena maluŵa a dzuŵa.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zinthu Zofunika

Kugwiritsira ntchito mwachindunji zipangizo zamagetsi zokonzedwanso mwina ndizo njira zosinthira kwambiri zimene boma limachita.

  • [[FLT :0] Maprojekiti a Kubalanso: Maboma ambiri akuchirikiza kumangidwa kwa mafamu aakulu a dzuŵa ndi malo oulutsira mphepo . Texas, kupyolera m'projekiti ya Competetive Reneuned Energy Zone (CREZ) youlutsira, yothera mabiliyoni kupanga mizere yolumikiza mizera yolumikiza mphepo ku malo a anthu onga Dallas ndi Hous. Chitsegule cha boma chotsegulira chapangitsa Texas kutsogolera dziko m’mphamvu ya mphepo.
  • [1] magetsi a magetsi okhwima anakonzedwa kuti akhale apakati, mphamvu ya mabwinja yochokera ku mabwinja. Maboma onga New York akugwiritsira ntchito "mazira owala" luso limene lingathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya dzuŵa ndi mphepo. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuyendetsa ma mita, maatomu opanga maatomu, ndi ma traket system amene amasinthasinthasintha zinthu kuti zikhale zopezeka.
  • Programu za Solar : Si banja lililonse limene lingaike nyumba zapadenga chifukwa cha kubisa, malo a padenga, kapena malo opangitsa. Madipatimenti a boma akutheketsa anthu kukhala ndi minda ya dzuŵa, kumene olembetsa ambiri amagaŵana mapindu a mpangidwe umodzi. Colorado’s Communial Solar Gardans Act inali imodzi ya zithunzi zakale kwambiri, zimene zimalola nzikazo kuvomereza gawo la munda wadzulo ndi kulandira ngongole pa zikalata zawo zamtengo wapatali.
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Kusintha kwa maziko kumeneku kumafuna kulinganiza kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi ndalama za anthu, koma kumapanga chuma chokhalitsa chimene chimakopa kuikizira ndalama. Lipoti la U.S. Energy Information Administration imagogomezera mfundo zimene zakukhala ndi malamulo a zamphamvu za magetsi zimawona kukwera kwa kubwereranso kwa munthu aliyense.

Mabungwe Othandiza Kukonza Zinthu

Kuyang'ana njira zenizeni ndizo malamulo amene amakhazikitsa malamulo a njira yopezeranso mphamvu zowonjezereka. Madipatimenti a boma a ntchito za magetsi a boma ndi malamulo otetezera malo okhala amene amafulumiza kapena kulepheretsa kupita patsogolo. Malamulo ofunika akuphatikizapo:

  • Kusinthanso kwa Portfolio Secodence (RPS): Malamulo ameneŵa amafuna makampani opindulitsa kutulutsa magetsi ena kuchokera ku malo oyambira chaka chabedwa. Kuyambira 2025, 30 maboma kuphatikizapo Washington D.C. ndi Puerto Rico ali ndi mitu ya RPS. RPS imaitana 60% poma 2030 ndi 100% magetsi a magetsi opanda chombo cha carbon podzafika 2045.
  • Net Energy Metering (NEM): [[FLT ] Malamulo ameneŵa amalola eni makampani a dzuŵa kugulitsa magetsi owonjezereka ku magetsi a sitolo. Maboma onga New Jersey ndi Massachusetts apanga mapulaneti a NEM amene amapindulitsa eninyumba mwandalama. Komabe, maboma ena amachepetsa kukongola kwa mphamvu zochokera kunja [1] njira ya boma imene imayendetsa makampani a boma kupyolera mwa makutu a anthu onse.
  • Miyezo ya Kugwirizanitsa: Kukongola ndi kugwirizana kopereŵera kwa madongosolo okhoza kukonzanso ku project n’kovuta. Madipatimenti a boma amakhazikitsa njira zoyenerera, malipiro, ndi madeti a nthaŵi kuti agwirizanitse, kuchepetsa tepi yofiira. Interstate Reneunebrable Energy Council (IREC) imapereka malamulo achitsanzo ogwirizanitsa amene maboma ambiri amavomereza.
  • Malamulo omanga ndi Zoning: Maiko ena akukonzanso malamulo omanga ofuna kuulutsa dzuŵa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kumanga kwatsopano. Malo 24 a California tsopano amalamulira malo a dzuŵa pa nyumba zambiri zatsopano, choyamba m'dziko. Malamulo a kumaloko amakhudzanso kumene mphepo kapena mafamu a dzuŵa angakhazikitsidwe, ndipo madipatimenti a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito kugwirizanitsa malamulo ameneŵa.

Mabungwe ameneŵa amapangitsa kuti anthu omanga nyumba ndi opanga makampani azikhala odalirika, ndipo zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri kwa omanga ndi opanga zinthu.

Zitsanzo za Kuyamba kwa Boma

Maphunziro ambiri ophunzitsa amachokera ku maprogramu a boma amene achititsa singanoyo kutenganso mphamvu yamagetsi.

California: Buku la Magolide

California adakali mtsogoleri wosatsutsika mu U.S. . Chiyambirenso Chitukuko chili pakati pa ziwiya zamphamvu, ndipo boma limaibwezera ndi ndalama zambiri. California Solarnitie (CSI), yomwe inayambitsidwa mu 2006, yoperekedwa pa zitsenderezo zoposa $2,000,000 za dzuŵa, kuthandiza boma kupitirira 1 miliyoni ya nyumba za dzuŵa podzafika 2019. Posachedwapa, Kampania yothandizira kumanga mphamvu zamagetsi yasumika pa mphamvu, kupereka maviti a maviti a ma pulogalamu a ma programunipo pansi pa programuniza (GP). Mabu aŵiriwawa a magetsi amakono ndi mfungulo wamakono ndi gasi la chiwitso choyera cha California, chifukwa cha kumanga mphamvu ya magetsi, ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya magetsi ya dziko lapansi.

Texas: Pionani Wamphamvu wa M’mlengalenga

Texas ndi kufufuza kodabwitsa chifukwa chakuti ndandanda yake ya mphamvu (ERCOT) imagwira ntchito modalirana ndi uyang'aniro wa boma, komabe boma lanyamula mphepo ndi chimphepo. Compitative Energy Zone (CRREZIS) , yopatsira, yowonongedwa mu 2014, yokwera pafupifupi $7 biliyoni koma yosatseguka ndi mphamvu za mphepo za m'masitolo ku West Texas. Lerolino, Texas ikutsogolera dziko m'badwo wa mphepo, ndipo griki yake yakhala nthaka yoyesera kubwereramo kwamphamvu. Boma lawonanso kukula kowopsa m'chipata, koyendetsedwa ndi chuma chosangalatsa ndi kuulutsidwa ndi malonda kwa dziko. Mabungwe adziko ambiri ngati: [Frometotest]

New York: Kuyang’ana Kutsogolo Kochititsa Chidwi

Njira ya New York imagwirizanitsa zigamulo zamphamvu ndi kupezeka kokwanira. Kupeza zimenezi [[FLCPA] Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA] , kupitirira mu 2019, kumalamulira 70% magetsi okonzedwanso ndi 2030 ndi 100% magetsi omasuka ndi 2040. Kuti apeze zimenezi, New York State Ener Research and Development Authority (NYSA) imayendetsa mapulogalamu. NY-Sun yakhala ndi 4gdat ya dzuŵa kupyolera ndi kuzungulira kwa dzuŵa. Mpata wochepa wa U. Mkhalidwe wa U. Ulendo wa pa KLD [204]

Hawaii: Kamangidwe ka M’tsogolo

Monga chisumbu chodalira kwambiri mafuta otengedwa kunja, Hawaii iri ndi mtengo wa magetsi wapamwamba kwambiri m'dzikolo . ndi zina za zonulirapo zofunikira kukonzanso. Boma likufuna 100% magetsi okonzedwanso mu 2045, chonulirapo cholembedwa m'lamulo. programu ya Hawaiiie State Energy Office Office [1], imene imasunga mabetire limodzi ndi dzuŵa kuchepetsa mphamvu ya grip. Malo a boma opereŵera atsogolera kukonzanso magetsi. Kuyambitsidwa kodziŵika ndi Haiiosy Plas P , imene imapanga maere a shati a magetsi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya grip. Maboma operewera akuchititsa kuchuluka m'dziko la Hawaii (FLGrobin) ndi maluso a zamakono a Hawaii.

Kukhudzidwa ndi Mtsogolo

Maboma apanga kale zotulukapo zokhoza kuchitika. Malinga ndi chidziŵitso cha U.S. Energy Information Administration , zotulutsira zobwezeretsedwa tsopano zikukhudza 20% ya magetsi a U.S., okhala ndi maufumu onga Iowa, Kansas, ndi Oklahoma amatulutsa mphamvu zoposa 30% ya mphamvu yawo yochokera ku mphepo yokha. Chiyambukiro cha malo okhala ndi malamulo amphamvu awona kuchepa mofulumira kwa mpweya wa carbon dioxide kuchokera ku mbali ya mphamvu ya mphamvu. Mapindu a zachuma ali owoneka bwino mofanana. Kachigawo kapeni yoyera tsopano imagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zoposa 3 miliyoni ya Amereka, ndi kutsekera kwa dzuŵa ndi kuyendetsa ntchito kwa mphepo.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, malowo ndi ozungulira. Kupita patsogolo kwa technology m'kusunga mabetri, mphepo yoyandama ya kugombe, ndi hydrogen yabiribiri kukutsegulira zithekera zatsopano. Madipatimenti a boma akuwonjezera luso lazopangapangali m'makonzedwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, California akuika ndalama m'kusunga zinthu zakale, pamene New York ikufufuza kusakaniza hydrogen kwa zomera za nyuksitive. Inflatiodion Reduction Act (IRA) imapereka chiwonjezeko chachikulu mwa ngongole ndi makonzedwe amalipiro a mwachindunji, koma ntchito ya boma idakali yofunika kwambiri. Maboma ayenera kutengera malamulo ogwirizana, monga ngati kulola ndi kukonzanso ndi kumanga, kuti athandize kwambiri pa chilikizoyang'dziko.

Zitokoso zikupitirizabe. Kuchedwa kwa kugwirizanitsa magetsi, kutsekereza ndalama, ndi kusoŵa ntchito kungachedwetse kupita patsogolo. Ndiponso, chitsutso cha ndale zadziko m'maiko ena chachititsa kufooketsa ofunkha kapena malamulo otsutsa dzuŵa. Komabe, kulingalira kwa zachuma kuli kokakamiza: mphamvu yokhoza kubwezeretsedwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndiyo magwero otsika kwambiri a mbadwo watsopano wa magetsi, ndi maboma akuti kuikiza mwamsanga kukututa mapindu a ndalama zotsika, kulenga ntchito, ndi kudziimira paweruza mphamvu.

Mayeso a boma a kukonzanso mphamvu zamagetsi. Maprogramu akukonzedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti anthu ndi mitundu ya zinthu zochepera zimene zimawonongeka, zimene zakhala zikukhudzidwa ndi kuipitsa, zakhala ndi mphamvu zoyera ndi ndalama zosungidwa. Mamicrogrid ndi kugawidwa kwa anthu adzachita mbali yaikulu kuti madera alimbikire kwambiri nyengo. Pamene maboma akukonzanso mapulani awo a mphamvu, kugogomezerako kudzakhala koyera, kusungidwa kwa zinthu, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'mitengo.

Pomaliza, madipatimenti a boma akhala omanga a mafakitale ofunika kwambiri a kusintha kwa mphamvu kwa dziko la America. Mwa zosonkhezera za ndalama, maphunziro, kukonza zinthu za m'mafakitale, ndi njira yanzeru, achotsa malonda, kutsika kwa ndalama, ndi kuchirikiza anthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti njira ya kutsogolo siili yopanda zopinga, mphamvu n’njabwino: maboma sakudikira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito a boma; akutsogolera njira, makina a dzuŵa, trurbine, ndi nyumba yosatha ntchito. Kwa oika magetsi oyendera magetsi kwa eni nyumba ku mabizinesi .