Maukwati amene anthu amakwatirana chifukwa chosiyana zipembedzo, ayamba kuchuluka kwambiri padziko lonse. Maukwati amenewa nthawi zambiri amasonyeza kuti amakondana ndiponso kugwirizana kwambiri moti anthu sagwirizana ndi zipembedzo. Koma amakumananso ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana amene amabwera chifukwa cha malamulo, ziphunzitso za chipembedzo, chikhalidwe, ndiponso chikhalidwe chawo.

Malamulo Othandizira Maukwati Ophatikizana Zipembedzo

Kuvomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi kutetezeredwa kwa maukwati ophatikiza zipembedzo kumasiyanasiyana m’mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi m’madera ena, kusonyeza njira zosiyanasiyana zimene mabungwe a zipembedzo amagwirizanitsira ufulu wa munthu ndi malamulo a chipembedzo.

Kusiyana kwa Malamulo a Dziko ndi Malamulo Achipembedzo

M'maiko okhala ndi malamulo adziko, monga ngati United States, Canada, ndi madera ambiri a Yuropu, malamulo aukwati a boma saletsa kukwatirana kozikidwa pa chipembedzo. Maboma ameneŵa amapereka ufulu wolingana ndi kudziŵika mosasamala kanthu za chiyambi cha chikhulupiriro cha okwatirana. Ntchito ya boma ndi kupatsa laisensi ya ukwati, ndipo mwambo uliwonse wachipembedzo ngwopatuka ndi wodzifunira. Malo alamulo ameneŵa amapereka njira yotsimikizirika kwambiri kwa okwatirana ogwirizana kuti akwatirane ndi kupeza zoyenera za ukwati.

Komabe, m’maiko amene lamulo lachipembedzo limalamulira nkhani za munthu mwini, ukwati wa m'chipembedzo ungakhale woletsedwa kwambiri kapena ngakhale wosatheka. Mayiko ambiri ku Middle East ndi mbali zina za Asia amagwiritsa ntchito malamulo a chipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayiko angapo achisilamu, mwamuna wachisilamu angaloledwe kukwatira mkazi wachikristu kapena Myuda, koma mkazi wachisilamu amaletsedwa kukwatira mwamuna wosakhala Mlamu. Malamulo otere amayambitsa kusalingana kwakukulu ndi kukakamiza okwatirana kuti agwirizane, kufunafuna ukwati kunja kwa dziko lina, kapena kukhalira limodzi popanda chitetezo chalamulo.

Zitsanzo Zochititsa Chidwi za M’dziko

[[FLT: 0] India: [[FLT :1] lamulo la ku India laumwini limalola maukwati a boma pansi pa Special Marriage Act ya 1954, imene siifuna kuti okwatirana asiye zipembedzo zawo. Komabe, maukwati ophatikiza zipembedzo kaŵirikaŵiri amatsutsidwa ndi anthu ndi ovutana, ndipo nthaŵi zina okwatirana amavutitsidwa ndi magulu osatsatira malamulo. Malamulo amakhalapo, koma kusungitsa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu.

Israel: Israel alibe ukwati wa boma; maukwati onse amalamulidwa ndi maulamuliro achipembedzo (Chiyuda, Chisilamu, Chikristu, Druze). Maukwati a chipembedzo sakhoza kuchitidwa m'dzikolo. Okwatirana ayenera kukwatira kumaiko akunja (m., Kupro) ndiyeno kulembetsa ukwati ndi Unduna wa Israyeli wa Interior, umene ungapereke kudziŵika koma osati nthaŵi zonse popanda zopinga.

Libanon: Ukwati wa m'dziko unayambitsidwa kokha mwa kusemphana kwa lamulo; okwatirana angasankhe ukwati walamulo ngati achotsa chipembedzo chawo m'zolembedwa za boma. Zimenezi n’zovuta ndipo nzotsutsana. Ogwirizana ambiri amakwatirana kunja kwa dziko, ndipo amayang'anizana ndi nkhani zofanana ndi Israyeli.

Infonesia: Pansi pa Chilamulo cha Ukwati, maukwati ayenera kuchitidwa mogwirizana ndi chipembedzo cha mnzawo aliyense. Kwa okwatirana ophatikiza zipembedzo, mmodzi ayenera kutembenukira ku chipembedzo cha mnzake kuti akwatiwe mwalamulo. Okwatirana amene amakana kutembenuka nthaŵi zina amatseka lamulo mwa kukwatira kumaiko akunja, ngakhale kuti ukwatiwo sungavomerezedwe m’banja.

Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti malamulo angapangitse kapena kulepheretsa maukwati a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu ngati munthu walandira cholowa, wasunga ana, ndiponso ngati ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi anthu ena.

Zipembedzo Zimagwirizana

Ziphunzitso zachipembedzo zimakhudza kwambiri anthu amene amakwatirana chifukwa chakuti miyambo yosiyanasiyana ya zipembedzo ili ndi ziphunzitso zosiyana, ndipo malinga ndi miyambo iliyonse, kumasulira kwa mawu kukhoza kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa zipembedzo ndi okhulupirira.

Chikristu

Ziphunzitso zachikristu pa ukwati wophatikiza zipembedzo n’zosiyana. Matchalitchi ambiri achipulotesitanti (m’chitsanzo, Lutheran, Anglican, Methodist) amalandira maukwati ophatikiza zipembedzo, ngakhale kuti amalimbikitsa okwatirana kukambirana nkhani za chikhulupiriro ndi kulera ana m’chipembedzo chimodzi. Tchalitchi cha Katolika chikufuna kuti bishopu wa Katolika akwatiwe ndi Mkristu wosakhala Mkatolika, ndipo kuti apereke ukwati wapadera kwa munthu amene si Mkristu. Mnzawo wachikatolika ayenera kulonjeza kuti adzapitiriza kutsatira chikhulupiriro chawo ndi kubatiza ndi kulera ana awo onse achikatolika. Evangelical ndi Apulotesitanti otchuka angafune kuletsa kwambiri, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri okhulupirira angalimbikitse kukwatira m’malemba la m’Baibulo ngati 2 Akorinto 6: 14.

Chisilamu

Malamulo achisilamu amalola amuna achisilamu kukwatira "Anthu a Bukuli" (Akristu ndi Ayuda). Komabe, akazi achisilamu, amaletsedwa kaŵirikaŵiri kukwatira amuna osakhala a Musulim, ozikidwa pa mafotokozedwe achizindikiro. Mfundo yomwe itchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kutsimikizira ana kuti akuleredwa m’chikhulupiriro cha Chisilamu. M’maiko ambiri achisilamu ndi otchuka, lamulo limeneli limaikidwa m’malamulo. Akatswiri ena amakono amatsutsa kuti lamulo loletsa akazi nlozikidwa pa zochitika za m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe ndipo ayenera kutengedwanso, koma lingaliro limeneli likukhalabe lochepa.

Chiyuda

Lamulo lakale lachiyuda (Halakha) limaletsa ukwati wophatikiza zipembedzo. Chiyuda cha Orthodox chimasunga kaimidwe kameneka motsimikiza. Chiyuda chogwirizana ndi lamulo chimaletsanso kukwatirana koma chimakhala chokonda kwambiri anzawo osakhala Ayuda m’moyo wa m’sunagoge. Kusintha ndi kukonzanso Chiyuda kwasintha kuti avomereze maukwati ophatikiza zipembedzo ndi mabanja ogwirizana. Arabi ambiri okonzanso zinthu amatsogolera maukwati ophatikiza zipembedzo, ndipo gululi limachirikiza mwamphamvu kufalikira kwa okwatirana ogwirizana ndi zipembedzo. Nkhaniyi idakali magwero a mkangano wa m’kati mwa Ayuda.

Chihindu

Chihindu chilibe ulamuliro waukulu kapena chiletso chimodzi cha m'malemba pa ukwati wophatikizana. Chikhalidwe chamwambo cha Chihindu chimagogomezera kugawana kwa anthu a fuko ndi chipembedzo, koma maukwati ogwirizanitsa zikhulupiriro nzofala kwambiri pakati pa Ahindu a m’mizinda ndi ophunzira. Kulandiridwa kaŵirikaŵiri kumadalira pa mikhalidwe yabanja. Makolo ambiri a Chihindu amakonda kuti munthu wosakhala Mhindu atengere Chihindu, kapena ngakhale kugawana nawo miyambo ya Chihindu. Kusintha kwa maphunziro a zaumulungu Ahindu kungagwirizanitse mabanja ophatikiza zipembedzo, koma kunyada kwa anthu kumapitirizabe m’mikhalidwe yofala kwambiri.

Chibuda ndi Zikhulupiriro Zina

Chibuda mwachisawawa sichiletsa ukwati wophatikizana. Ziphunzitso za Chibuda zimasumika maganizo pa chifundo ndi kugwirizana, ndipo zipani zambiri zachibuda (ku Tahiti, Sri Lanka, Japan) zili ndi mbiri yaitali ya maukwati ophatikizana. Chisikh chimakhalanso chotseguka, ngakhale kuti chitsenderezo chamwambo cha kukwatira pakati pa anthu. miyambo ya Chijaini imaletsa ukwati wophatikiza zipembedzo chifukwa cha kusamala za zakudya ndi zochita za moyo, koma mabanja ena angasiyane.

Mavuto a Chikhalidwe ndi Oipa

Kuwonjezera pa malamulo a chipembedzo, zikhalidwe ndiponso mmene anthu amamvera m’banja lawo, zimapangitsa kuti anthu okwatirana azivutika kwambiri ndi maganizo ophatikiza zipembedzo.

Kuyembekezera ndi Kukayikira

Mabanja kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi ziyembekezo zazikulu zakuti ana awo adzakwatirana ndi munthu wa chipembedzo chimodzi kapena chikhalidwe chawo. Pamene mwana asankha mnzake wa chipembedzo china, makolo angaone kuti kukana makhalidwe awo, kuopsa kwa kupitirizabe miyambo, kapena kuchititsa manyazi kwa anthu. M'madera amene anthu amadziwika kwambiri ndi chipembedzo, ukwati wophatikiza zipembedzo ungaoneke ngati kusakhulupirika. Zimenezi zingapangitse kuti athetse ubale, kukana, kapena ngakhale kukana.

Anthu okwatirana amene ali m’zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana angayambe kusinjirirana, kusiya kukumana ndi zochitika za m’dera lawo, kapena kusankhana mwamachenjera.

Kutembenuka ndi Kulolera Molakwa

Chitsenderezo chimodzi chofala ndicho cha mnzawo wa muukwati kutembenuka ku chipembedzo cha wina. Kutembenuka kungathetse mavuto ambiri . Kungakhutiritse ziyembekezo za banja, kufeŵetsa maphunziro achipembedzo a ana, ndi kulola okwatirana kutengamo mbali mokwanira m'mudzi umodzi wa chipembedzo. Komabe, kaŵirikaŵiri kumabwera patatsala ndalama. Mnzawo wotembenuza angaganize kuti wasiya choloŵa chawo cha iwo okha, ndipo kutembenuka kungakhale kosawona mtima, kutsogolera ku ku ku kuipidwa pambuyo pake. Mabanja ena amasankha kusatembenuka koma kumachita zipembedzo zonse ziŵiri kapena kupanga njira yatsopano yauzimu. Zimenezi zimafuna ulemu ndi kusavomerezedwa ndi ziŵalo zonse za banja.

Kukambirana ndi anthu amene ayamba kupembedza, zakudya, miyambo komanso ana amene ali pa banja, kungathandize kuti azitha kukambirana zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya maholide, ya chakudya, ndiponso yolera ana.

Kusagwirizana ndi Ena

Anthu ambiri amaona kuti ukwati wophatikiza zipembedzo ndi wofunika kwambiri ndipo amauona kuti ndi wothandiza kwambiri.

Kuvomereza ndi Tsankho

M’matauni ambiri, m'mayiko ambiri, maukwati ophatikiza zipembedzo amavomerezedwa kwambiri ndipo ngakhale kutchuka monga mtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi mabungwe monga Pew Research Center kukusonyeza kuti m'mayiko a Kumadzulo, achinyamata amakhala omasuka kwambiri ndi ukwati wophatikiza zipembedzo kuposa mibadwo yakale. Ku United States, chiŵerengero cha maukwati ophatikiza zipembedzo chawonjezeka pang’onopang’ono zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, ndipo pafupifupi 39% a ku America amene anakwatirana kuyambira 2010 ali m’chigwirizano cha mgwirizano wachipembedzo (Pew Research Center, 2015).

Komabe, anthu amene amagwirizana ndi zipembedzo zina angatsutsidwe ndi anzawo, anzawo ogwira nawo ntchito, kapena ngakhale anthu amene sadziwana nawo. Anthu ambiri amene satsatira mfundo zachipembedzo, angadzipatule kapena kudana ndi anzawo, ndipo nthawi zina amaopa kapena kuchita zachiwawa.

Ana amene amakwatirana ndi zipembedzo zosiyana angakumanenso ndi mavuto apadera. Iwo angafunsidwe kuti ‘ Kodi ndinu ndani? ’ ndipo angakakamizidwe kusankha dzina limodzi. Sukulu ndi anthu a m’madera ena sangalole ana a zipembedzo ziŵiri, kuwasiya kuti aziyenda pa maholide achipembedzo ndi machitachita popanda chitsogozo chomveka. Makolo afunikira kukonza malo okhazikika ndi kukonzekeretsa ana awo ndi chinenero ndi chidaliro kuti amvetse ndi kusonyeza choloŵa chawo.

Zochita Zothandiza Kuti Tigonjetse Mavuto

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto ena, anthu amene amagwirizana ndi zipembedzo zina angapange ubwenzi wolimba, wokhutiritsa, ndipo angathandizire anthu ena.

Kulankhulana ndi Uphungu

Maukwati oyenda bwino a m’chipembedzo chimodzi amazikidwa pa kulankhulana moona mtima, mwaulemu. Okwatirana ayenera kukambirana nthaŵi zonse za chikhulupiriro chawo, zochita zawo, ndi malingaliro awo ponena za kusiyana kwa chipembedzo. Iwo angafunse mafunso onga akuti: Kodi chikhulupiriro changa chimatanthauzanji kwa ine? Kodi ndi miyambo yotani imene siingachitike? Kodi timasamalira motani maholide? Kulangiza kwapabanja ndi wophunzitsa za m’matchalitchi ophatikiza zipembedzo kungathandize kukambirana zimenezi.

Uphungu ungathandizenso kukambirana ndi banja. Okwatirana angapereke ntchito yodziŵitsa mabanja za ukwati wawo, mmene angayankhire kutsutsa, ndi mmene angakhazikitsire malire. Nthaŵi zina, kubweretsa mbali yachitatu yauchete monga mkulu wa banja wolemekezeka kapena chiŵalo cha atsogoleri achipembedzo a chipembedzo kungathandize.

Kuthandiza Anthu ndi Kukambitsirana za Zipembedzo Zogwirizana

Mabungwe a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana monga bungwe logwirizanitsa zipembedzo, kugwirizanitsa zipembedzo, ndiponso kugwirizanitsa zipembedzo, nthawi zambiri amathandiza anthu kuti azikhala ndi malo abwino ochitira zinthu komanso kuti apereke malangizo.

Magulu achipembedzo iwo eni angakhale ogwirizana kwambiri. Mipingo ingapereke mapangano a m'zipembedzo, kupereka maprogramu a ana aŵiri oloŵa m'chipembedzo, ndi kuphunzitsa atsogoleri achipembedzo kukhazikitsa maukwati ophatikiza zipembedzo mwaulemu. Pamene atsogoleri auzimu avomereza poyera maukwati a m'matchalitchi, imapereka uthenga wamphamvu wovomereza. Mabungwe a ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi mabungwe ena a ufulu wachibadwidwe amene amachirikiza ufulu walamulo mosasamala kanthu za chipembedzo, zimene zimathandiza kuchepetsa tsankho.

Kusamala ndi Kusamala Mwalamulo

Kuvomereza kuti ukwati wa m'mayiko amene ukhale woletsedwa kapena wosadziwika ndi cholinga cha nthawi yaitali. Mabungwe a ufulu wachibadwidwe padziko lonse, monga United Nations Human Rights Committee, atsimikizira kuti ali ndi ufulu wokwatira ndi kupeza banja lopanda tsankho. Ntchito ya National ndi yapadziko lonse yolemba milandu ya tsankho ndi kukakamiza anthu kusintha. Kuzindikira nkhani ndi chidziŵitso kungasinthe maganizo a anthu.

Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la Human Rights Watch lanena za mavuto a mabanja ogwirizana m’mayiko angapo, likugogomezera kufunika kwa kusintha (Human Rights Watch, 2017). Malipoti otero amaphunzitsa opanga malamulo ndi anthu onse. Okwatirana ndi ogwirizana angachirikize mabungwe ameneŵa kapena kuyambitsa ndawala za m’dzikolo.

Kumaliza

Maukwati a zipembedzo zosiyana ndi njira yosonyezera chikondi imene imagawanitsa. Pamene kuli kwakuti amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu kuchokera ku malamulo, mabungwe achipembedzo, mabanja, ndi chitaganya, mavuto ameneŵa sangakhale osakhoza. Kulankhulana kwaufulu, kulemekezana, ndi kuchirikizana kwa anthu onse, okwatirana ogwirizana m’chipembedzo chimodzi angakula bwino. Kuvomerezana kwakukulu kumapindulitsa aliyense mwa kuchirikiza kuzindikira, kuchepetsa tsankho, ndi kukulitsa chikhalidwe. Pamene dziko likukhala logwirizana kwambiri, kuchirikiza maukwati a zipembedzo sikuli kokha chosankha cha munthu mwiniyo.