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Kunzwisisa Basa raPurezidhendi Muhurumende Yazvino Uno

Purezidhendi anobatira somukuru webazu guru uye ane rimwe renzvimbo dzine simba zvikurusa nedzakaoma muudzori hwedemocracy. Sose zviri zviviri musoro wehurumende nemusoro wehurumende yeUnited States, pamwe chete naMutungamiriri weMutungamiriri wemauto ane zvombo, Purezidhendi ane mutoro wokuitwa nokuchengetwa kwemitemo inoumbwa neCongress. Iri basa rine nzvimbo dzakawanda rinoda kudzikamisa mabasa emitemo, zvombo zvezvamatongerwe enyika, tarisiro dzavose, uye fariro dzorudzi pahwaro hwezuva nezuva.

Chikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chinosimbisa Bazu roUkuru rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, neChiremera Chinodzora chichiva neChinopa simba rehurumende rinopa kuti simba rehurumende ripiwe muMutungamiriri wehurumende. Iyi nheyo yebumbiro remitemo yakachinja kwaanopfuura mazana maviri amakore, chigaro chichibuda senzvimbo huru yenhungamiro muhurumende yeAmerica. Kunzwisisa kuti purezidhendi vanoita sei zvisarudzo ndokushandisa chiremera chavo kunokosha nokuda kwavagari vemo vanoda kunzwisisa kuti kushanda kwehurumende yavo uye kuti zvisarudzo zvemitemo zvinotapura sei upenyu hwavo.

Masimba eBumbiro reMitemo Nemabasa

Masimba Ane Simba Romubato

Bumbiro reBumbiro reMitemo rinopa purezidhendi simba rokusaina kana kuti kuisa mutemo wehurumende, rinoraira mauto ane zvombo, rinokumbira murangariro wakanyorwa weKabhinati yavo, kuungana kana kuti dare, rinopazve mvumo nekanganwiro, uye kugamuchira nhume. aya anodudzwa anoumba hwaro hwechiremera chapurezidhendi, asi anomirira bedzi rutivi rwemitoro chaiyoiyo yapurezidhendi inoshanda.

Simba ravakuru vakuru rinoumbwa nechiremera chokushandisa mitemo nokugadza vamiriri vanopomerwa basa rokuchengeta kwakadaro. uyu mutoro wokuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvapamutemo unotambanudzwa muhurumende yose yehurumende, uchibatanidza chinhu chiri chose kubva pamutero kusvikira kumirairo yemhoteredzo kusvikira kumabasa okudzivirira orudzi. Purezidhendi anofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti masangano ehurumende anoshandisa mutemo wesangano resangano nenzira inobudirira nepo achichengetawo tsinhirano nezvinokosha zvebazu rapamusoro.

Kupindira Kwomutemo Nesimba reVeto

Purezidhendi ane simba rokusaina mutemo kana kuti kuisa zvikwereti zvinopfuudzwa neCongress, kunyange zvazvo Congress ingakurira kuvhota nedzimba mbiri ne 3. Iri simba rinobatira serimwe rechekero dzinokosha zvikurusa rebazu guru rinobatira pabazu rewirirano. Apo purezidhendi anopa mutemo, inotumira chiratidzo chakajeka pamusoro pezvinhu zvinokosha zvebazu guru uye manikidza Congress kuti arangane kana vane tsigiro yakakwana yokubvisa chigaro ichocho.

Kubudirira kwechirongwa chapurezidhendi hakuwanzoitiki. Izvi zvinoita kuti purezidhendi akwanise kukurukura neCongress pamusoro pezviri mukati uye mirayiridzo yomutemo. Mapurezidhendi anowanzoshandisa kutyisidzira kwemutengi kugadzira zvikwereti panguva yemitemo, achikurudzira vagadziri vemitemo kuchinja gadziriro dzinoonekwa nebazi revakuru vakuru sedzisingatenderwi bhiri racho risati rasvika padhesiki rapurezidhendi.

Mitemo Yokumwe Nebvumirano Zvinoita Kuti Vave Nesimba

MuBumbiro Remitemo, purezidhendi mukuru mukuru wehurumende uyo ane mutoro zvikurukuru nokuda kwoukama hweUnited States nenyika dzokumwe, ane mutoro wedziviriro yavaAmerica vokumwe uye yamarudzi okumwe muUnited States, uye anosarudza kana aizoziva marudzi matsva nehurumende itsva, uye kutaurirana nezvibvumirano namamwe marudzi, izvo zvinova zvinosunga United States apo zvinotenderwa nezvikamu zviviri zvezvitatu zveDare.

Zvibvumirano izvi zvava kunyanya kukosha kuti zviite mitemo yokumwe, sezvazvinobvumira purezidhendi kuti aite misengwa yemarudzi ose pasina kuronga kuoma kwokuchengetedza kubvumirwa kwedare. Kunyange zvazvo zvibvumirano zvevakuru vakuru zvisina pamutemo, zvinogona kubatsira chaizvo paukama hwemarudzi ose uye mitemo yepamba.

Muitiro wokumwe waPurezidhendi namasimba ehondo inharaunda mbiri dzemutoro unoramba uri pasi poudzori hwake uye unomupa simba rakati kuti rokukudziridza mitemo munhau dzeukama hwokunze. Uku kuiswa kwechiremera munhau dzokunze kunoratidzira kudikanwa kwokubatanidzwa kworudzi munhau dzamarudzi ose nechinodikanwa chokuita chisarudzo nokukurumidza mumugariro wamabasa amarudzi ose nehondo.

Mitoro Yomukuru

Basa rapurezidhendi saMutungamiriri wePuerce-inChief rinomirira rimwe ramativi makurusa esimba guru. Kunyange zvazvo kuzivisa hondo iri mutoro webumbiro remitemo weCongress, Purezidhendi anogona kushandisa basa rake saMutungamiriri muChivimbo kuraira mauto kupinda munyika yakati kana kuti nharaunda kuti asvike donzo rehondo. Iri chiremera rakatungamirira kukupindira kwakawanda kwehondo munhau yose yeAmerica, kazhinji kazhinji pasina ziviso dzepamutemo dzehondo dzinobva kuCongress.

Kushandisa simba roMutungamiriri mukuru muChivimbo kusvitsa chinangwa chehondo kunoparira kusawirirana neCongress, iyo inochengeta simba remari inorongwa uye kushandiswa uye kazhinji kazhinji inotsoropodza Purezidhendi nokuda kwokushaiwa kubvunza kwakafanira nokumanikidza kupfurikidza nokuraira mauto nezvombo. Uku kuoma kunoratidzira gadziriro huru yebumbiro remitemo yemasimba makuru anogoverwa uye kunzvera nokudzikamisa, uko uko hapana bazi ringagona kuita nenzira yakaparadzana chose chose munhau dzehondo nehondo.

Simba Rokugadza

Purezidhendi ane simba, kupfurikidza uye neChikarakadzo neConsure of the Sernact, kuita Treasurees, kugovera zvikamu zviviri zvezvitatu zvavaSanita varipo; uye achabvuma, uye kupfurikidza uye neMazano neRevoneki yeDare, achagadza vamiriri, vamwe Vatungamiriri vavanhu naVatongi veDare rapamusorosoro, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vose veUnited States. Masimba anogadza anobvumira purezidhendi kuumba nhungamiro yehurumende kwamakore kana kuti makumi amakore kupfuura nguva yavo muhofisi.

Purezidhendi anogadzawo misoro yamasangano anopfuura 50 akazvimirira eFederal, akadai seFederal Reserve Board neFederal Securities and Exchange Commission, pamwe chete navatongi veFederal, nhume, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru veFederal. Kupfurikidza nokugadzwa uku, vapurezidhendi vanopesvedzera kuita kwemitemo munenge nharaunda iri yose yomubato wenyika, kubva kumutemo wezvemari kusvika kudziviriro yemhoteredzo kusvikira kukuchengetwa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo.

Muitiro WaPurezidhendi Wokuita Chisarudzo

Gadziriro Yesangano Nemadare Emitemo

Basa rose reWhite House rakarongedzerwa kuita zvinhu zviviri: kugadzirira purezidhendi nokuda kwezvinoitika, uye kumutsa mibvunzo yokuti purezidhendi asarudze, nezvinoitika zvinobatwa nekurukurirano, kufanofambira mberi, ipo mapoka avose, uye manyorero, apo rutivi rwechisarudzo runoitwa nemitumbi inozivikanwa semadare emitemo. Iri sangano rinoratidzira ukuru hukuru hwemitoro yapurezidhendi uye kudikanwa kwokuchenesa nokuronga mashoko isati yasvika chibharo chapurezidhendi.

Muitiro unoshandiswa nedare rePhindi rePhindi reNzvimbo yePwere, rokutanga raidzodzi richiva National Security Council (NSC), rakatangwa muna July 1947 neNational Security Act. NSC yazova mutoo mukuru wokuronga nawo muitiro wechengeteko yenyika mumasangano ehurumende akawanda uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti purezidhendi anogamuchira zano rakakwana pamusoro penhau dzokumwe uye kudzivirira.

Zvisarudzo zvakaoma zvikurusa zvinouya kupfurikidza nePolicy Cootivation Committee, iyo inoumbwa navabetseri chaivo kuna purezidhendi uye vamiriri vesangano vasina kusimbiswa; mwero wevamiriri, unotungamirirwa nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi uye unobatanidza vanyori vemasangano makuru; uye mwero wevakuru vakuru, unoshandiswa nenyanzvi dzeWhite House yevashandi uye unobatanidza vanyori vedare neyavachena yamuro. Iyi gadziriro yakatepfekerwa inovimbisa kuti nhau dzinova dzinonyatsokodzera purezidhendi asati asvika, nezvinetso zvizhinjisanopedzwa pamwero yakaderera.

Basa Revachena Vanoshanda Mumba uye Vagadziri Vezvinhu

Vanhu vanenge 1 800 vanoshanda pachivako cheWhite House, asi vazhinjisa vavo vakuru vakuru vebasa mumadhipatimendi akadai seHofisi yeBazi reBatel kana kuti Hofisi yeTrade yeU.S., uye vane mazana mashomanene bedzi achiva "Vashandi vepaimba yeZuva" yefungidziro dzakakurumbira. Ava vashandi vanobatira sameso nanzeve muhurumende yehurumende, vachiunganidza mashoko, vachironga kukura kwemiitiro, uye vachivimbisa kuti zvisarudzo zvapurezidhendi zvinoitwa nenzira inobudirira.

Mapurezidhendi akasiana - siana akaronga mabasa avo eWhite House munzira dzakasiyana zvikuru, achiratidzira zvitatiso zvavo zvomunhu oga nezvisarudzo zvinoitirwa zvisarudzo. Purezidhendi Ford aida kuva rutivi rukuru rwomuitiro wokuita chisarudzo uye idi aida kuita zvisarudzo zvakawanda pamisiyano mikuru yemiitiro pakati pemitezo yedare redare napakati pavashandi. Uku kuita maoko kunopesana navamwe purezidhendi avo vakapa chiremera chikuru kumitezo yavashandi vakuru.

Zvinhu Zvinopesvedzera Zvisarudzo Zvapurezidhendi

Ruvara nemhatsa yezano zvinogona kupesvedzera zvikuru muitiro wokuita chisarudzo wapurezidhendi, nemurangariro wavose unoumba kuita chisarudzo chapurezidhendi saMapiona kazhinji kazhinji anotsvaka kuchengeta tsigiro yakakurumbira ndokudzivisa zviito zvingatungamirira kukuderera mumirairo yetendero. Zvisinei, purezidhendi anofanira kudzikamisa murangariro wavose mukupesana nedzimwe rangariro, kubatanidza fariro dzorudzi dzenguva refu, misengwa yebumbiro remitemo, uye zvitendero zvavo vamene.

Zvisarudzo zvemitemo yokumwe zvinofanira kuitwa mumaonero apurezidhendi nevashandi vake vachimanikidzirwa kushanda vasina mashoko akakwana kana kuti vasina kukanganisa. Uku kutaura kusina kukwana kunoshanda muzvinenge zvisarudzo zvose zvapurezidhendi, mungave mune mutemo wokumwe, mutemo wemhuri, kana kuti vatarisiri venjodzi. Mapurezidhendi anofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvinotevera zvichitsamira pamashoko asina kukwana, mazano anopesana, uye migumisiro isina chokwadi.

Vamwe vapurezidhendi vakavimba zvikuru nemiitiro yakarongeka uye kurangarira kwakarongeka, nepo vamwe vakavimba nemirangariro yavo yomunhu oga nokubvunza kusina kurongwa. Maitiro anobudirira zvikurusa angasiyana zvichitsamira paunhu hwapurezidhendi, rudzi rwechisarudzo, uye migariro yakananga yakatarisana norudzi.

Kutarisirwa Kwenjodzi Nesimba Renjodzi

Kutarisira njodzi kunobudirira kunoda chiito chakasimba, kurukurirano yakajeka, uye kushandira pamwe nezviremera zvehurumende nemunzvimbomo, purezidhendi ane masimba akasiyana - siyana ekurumidziro.

Bumbiro reMitemo haripi purezidhendi mamwe masimba zvakananga munguva dzenjodzi dzorudzi, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzichifunga kuti vapfumi vaireva masimba aya nemhaka yokuti kuvakwa kweBazu Rinodzora kunoagonesa kuita nokukurumidza kupfuura Bhizi Rinoyera. Uku kujeka kwakatungamirira kunharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro poukuru hwechiremera chapurezidhendi mukati menjodzi, negadziriro dzakasiana - siana dzinoita mitoo yakasiana kumasimba ekurumidziro.

Mirairidzo Yavane Chinzvimbo Chikuru Nenhungamiro Dzapurezidhendi

Kusikwa Nenzvimbo Nenzvimbo Yemirayiridzo

MuUnited States, murairo wevakuru vakuru inhungamiro yakaitwa napurezidhendi weUnited States anotarisira kushanda kwehurumende yehurumende, nemirairo yavakuru vakuru inongosunga bedzi pabazu guru rehurumende. Iyi mirairo yazova zvishandiso zvinokosha zvikuru nokuda kwokudzora kwapurezidhendi, ichibvumira vakuru vakuru kushandisa chinjo dzemitemo pasina kuda mvumo yesangano.

Chikamu Chechipiri cheBumbiro reMitemo chinopa purezidhendi hwaro hwapamutemo hwokupa mirairo yavakuru vakuru yokugovera nhungamiro kuavo vanoshanda naye, nemiraidzo mizhinjisa yakananga kuvakuru vakuru vanobatira pamufaro wapurezidhendi kusimbisa mitemo yaanoda kuisa munzvimbo uye kubetsera kutanga zvinhu zvinokosha. Iyi nheyo yebumbiro remitemo inogovera purezidhendi kuchinjika kukuru mukutungamirira bazu ravakuru, kunyange zvazvo kuchinjika ikoko kusina kuganhurirwa.

Miganhu Yebumbiro Remitemo Nepamutemo

Mirayiro yavakuru vakuru inongosainwa napurezidhendi, zvikurukuru kutungamirira vakuru vakuru mubazu rinotungamirira, asi havana simba rimwe chetero romutemo, kureva kuti purezidhendi haagoni kurayira kutengwa kwemari isina kutokodzerwa nokuda kwedonzo rakati, uye nepo pasina ganhuriro dzakarongwa pane izvo purezidhendi anogona kuita kupfurikidza nemurairo woukuru, inofanira kuiswa muBumbiro remitemo kana kuti mumutemo wakati unogadzwa naCongress.

Kufanana nemitemo yose iri miviri yomutemo nemirau inoziviswa namasangano ehurumende, mirayiridzo yavakuru vakuru inodzorwa nehwirudzuro yedare uye ingabviswa kana mirairo isina tsigiro kupfurikidza nomutemo kana kuti Bumbiro remitemo. Uku kutarisira kwokutonga kunobatira senzvero inokosha pasimba rapurezidhendi, ichivimbisa kuti mirairo yavakuru vakuru inoramba iri mumiganhu yebumbiro remitemo nemitemo.

Purezidhendi Harry Truman’s Educative Order 10340 yakaisa zvigadziko zvose zvesimbi zvenyika pasi poudzori hwehurumende, izvo zvakawanwa zvisino maturo muYollstown Sheep & Tube Co. Sawyer nemhaka yokuti yakaedza kuita mutemo, panzvimbo pokujekesa kana kuti kupfuudzira mutemo wakagadzwa neDare kana kuti Bumbiro reMitemo. Iyi nhau yakatanhamara yakagadza miganhu inokosha yechiremera chomukuru uye inopfuurira kupesvedzera nzira iyo matare anoyera nayo zviito zvapurezidhendi.

Kupindura Kwedare Kumirayiridzo Yevakuru

Congress inogona kupfuudza mutemo mutsva kuti urege kurayira kwevakuru vakuru, asi bedzi mirayiro iyoyo inopa simba kumasimba anogoverwa naPurezidhendi neCongress, nepo Congress isingagoni kuchinja zvakananga kana kuti kubvisa murayiro wechiremera wakapiwa kumasimba akapiwa kuhudzo kupurezidhendi oga neBumbiro reMitemo.

Nzira idzi dzisina kunanga dzokumanikidza vanhu kuti vasaparadzane nemasimba dzinoita kuti pave nenzira dzakawanda dzokuongorora vakuru vakuru, kunyange kana zvikasaita kuti mitemo ishande.

Macheki Nedzikamo Pasimba Roupurezidhendi

Kutarisira Neganhuriro Zvesangano

Miganhu yechiremera chapurezidhendi inotsamira pakuparadzana kwamasimba negadziriro yemipimo pakati pemapazu ehurumende anotungamirira, emitemo neanotonga ehurumende, neperero yavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa muCongress naavo vakagadzwa kuDare Gurusa kuti vakudze Bumbiro reMitemo, kutonga kwomutemo nemipimo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kunokosha mukunzvera simba redemocracy. Iyi gadziriro yokudzora kunodzivisa bazu rimwe ripi neripi kupinza simba rakanyanyisa.

Dare rine mutoro wokukwikwidza nokutendera vakuru vemasangano ehurumende anogadzwa napurezidhendi, muitiro unofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti vakuru vakuru vakakwaniriswa vakasarudzwa nokuda kwebasa rinokosha rehurumende rinotitapura tose. Iyi bvumirano inopa pesvedzero huru paCongress pakuumbwa nokutungamirira kwebazu guru, kunyange zvazvo kubudirira kweiyi cheki kuchitsamira pakudisa kwavasarudzi kushandisa chisarudzo chokuzvimirira.

Mapurezidhendi anofanira kuva nyanzvi mune zvamatongerwe enyika sezvaanopindura zvinodikanwa zvegadziriro yemativi maviri nebasa rebumbiro remitemo rematare, uye anofanira kuva nounyanzvi hwokubatanidza murangariro wavanhu munzira dzinotsigira purogiramu yavo yemitemo. Mapurezidhendi anobudirira anonzwisisa kuti masimba avo ebumbiro remitemo remitemo rakarongwa anofanira kuwedzerwa nounyanzvi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, kutendeseka, uye mano okuvaka mibatanidzwa mumativi ose emabato.

Kuhwirudzura Kunoita Vatungamiriri Vehurumende

Matare ane chiremera chokusarudza kana Mirayiro Inotungamirirwa Yakapesana nechido cheCongress uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti Kuzivisa kunotsinhirana nenheyo dzebumbiro remitemo uye kuti Purezidhendi haana kupfuura chiremera chake chomutemo. Uku kutarisira kunotambanukira kuzvinodokuva zviito zvose zvapurezidhendi zvine miuyo yapamutemo, kuchigovera dziviriro inokosha mukurwisana netsotsi romukuru mukuru.

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru inodzorwa kuhwirudzuro yedare sorutivi rwegadziriro yecheki nedzikamo dzemapazu matatu ehurumende, nemirairo yapurezidhendi mukuru ichiva inodzorwa kuhwirudzuro yedare senzira imwe iyo bazu rinotonga rinogona kunzvera nayo simba rebazu guru. Matare aita mirairo yakawanda yavakuru vakuru mumakore ose, achiratidzira kuti hwirudzuro yedare inobatira sechidzoreso chine revo pachiremera chapurezidhendi.

Basa Repfungwa Dzevanhu uye Rokuzvidavirira Kunotongwa Nehurumende

Mapurezidhendi anorasikirwa netsigiro yavose kazhinji kazhinji anokuwana kwakaoma zvikuru kufambisira mberi purogiramu dzavo dzemitemo, sezvo mitezo yeCongress inova inodisa zvishoma kutsigira zvirongwa zvapurezidhendi zvisingafarirwi.

Kuti tiongorore kukwanisa kwapurezidhendi kuita mitoro yehofisi, tinofanira kunzwisisa basa nemitoro, masimba neganhuriro pasimba, uye gadziriro dzokuzvidavirira, nepo tichiomererawo pakuzvidavirira nokuda kwavamiriri vedu vehurumende muCongress naavo vari pamwero yose yehurumende, nokuramba tichiziviswa nezvezvinoitika zvazvino uno, kuvhota, uye kuva vanobatanidzwa munzanga yenyu kubetsera kuita kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwe.

Maturusi Nezviwanikwa Zvokuita Chisarudzo chaPrezidhendi

Uchenjeri Nechengeteko Zvenyika Zvinopfupikiswa

Mapurezidhendi anogamuchira mashoko ouchenjeri ezuva nezuva ayo anopa mashoko akakomba pamusoro petyisidziro kuchengeteko yenyika, zvinoitika zvamarudzi ose, uye njodzi dzinobuda. Uku kupfupikisa kunowana mashoko akaunganidzwa nenzanga yose youngwaru, kubatanidza CIA, NSA, FBI, uye masangano ezvehondo. Kunaka uye kururama kwamashoko ouchenjeri kunogona kutapura zvikuru kuita chisarudzo chapurezidhendi, zvikurukuru munhau dzemiitiro yokumwe nechengeteko yenyika.

Mishumo youngwaru inofanira kusanonzverwa, sezvo ingava nepanikiro, fungidziro dzinorwisana, kana kuti miganhu mumashoko. Mapurezidhendi anofanira kudzidza kusiyanisa pakati penzvero dzouchenjeri hwakakwirira nenzvero dzokufungidzira zvikuru, nepo achizivawo kuti kunyange ungwaru hwakanakisisa hahugoni kubvisa kusava nechokwadi kwose mukuita zvisarudzo.

Maparedhi Ematare Nezvirongwa Zvinotungamirira

Masangano eCobitate neFederal akazvimirira ane mutoro wokuita kuti mitemo yeFederal ishande zuva nezuva, madhipatimendi aya uye masangano ane mibato nemitoro zvinopesana zvikuru seizvo zveDhipatimendi reNjodzi neProvice Protection Agency yeMbacule, uye Bazu reBazi reBazi rinotungamirirwa rinoshandisa mamirioni mana eAmerica. Iri sangano guru rinopa vapurezidhendi zvinhu zvakawanda zvokushandisa muitiro uye kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro pemigariro munyika yose.

Mabharani edare rinobatira savatungamiriri vakuru vapurezidhendi munharaunda dzavo dzemiitiro, vachiunza unyanzvi chaihwo nezivo yesangano kukuita chisarudzo chapurezidhendi. Zvisinei, mitezo yekabhineti ingavawo nezvisarudzo zvayo zvemiitiro neruvimbiko rwesangano izvo zvisingawirirani nguva dzose nezvinoiswa pakutanga zvapurezidhendi, kuchida kuti purezidhendi atarisire nokungwarira ukama ihwohwu.

Vamiriri Vapamutemo Nehofisi Yezano Rapamutemo

Office of Legal Counser iri muDhipatimendi Remitemo inopa zano repamutemo kupurezidhendi nemasangano ebazi pamibvunzo yakaoma yebumbiro remitemo uye yemitemo.

Mapurezidhendi anofanirawo kurangarira denho dzemitemo dzinobvira kuzviito zvavo, vachikarira kuti matare angadudzira sei chiremera chavo uye kana nhamburiko dzakananga dzingadzivisa kunzvera kwedare.

Kutsvakurudza Mafungiro Evanhu uye Kuongorora Zvematongerwe Enyika

Mapurezidhendi azvino uno ane mukana wokunzvera pfungwa dzavose nenzvero yezvamatongerwe enyika inovabetsera kunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvichagamuchirwa sei nemitemo yakasiana - siana. aya mashoko anogona kupesvedzera zvose zviri zviviri zvimiro zvezvisarudzo zvapurezidhendi uye nguva uye mutoo wokuzivisa kwavo. Zvisinei, purezidhendi vanofanira kungwarira kusabvumira mashoko okunzvera kukurira chisarudzo chavo pamusoro pemitemo inobatira fariro yenyika.

Vatungamiriri vezvematongerwe enyika vanobatsira purezidhendi kuti vashandise mamiriro ezvematongerwe enyika akaoma, vachizivisa mikana yokuvaka mibatanidzwa, kukarira kushorwa, uye kuvandudza nzira dzokuita nadzo basa roupurezidhendi.

Maitiro Okutungamirira Nawo Mazita Avakuru Vehurumende

Matanho Akanaka Mukupesana Nokuita Zvisarudzo Zvisina Kurongwa

Dwight Eisenhower akashandisa muitiro wakagadzirwa, wakarongwa muNational Security Council kuti utange muitiro wokumwe, nokusakwanisa kuparadzaniswa nomuitiro unoshandiswa kusvika pazvisarudzo, uye kuranga nokungwarirwa kweEisenhower kuudzame hunotungamirira kugadziriro inowirirana uye inotsigirwa yokubatanidza. Uyu mutoo wakarongwa wakasimbisa kuongororwa kwakakwana, manyoro anongwarira, uye kurangarirwa kwakarongwa kwezvimwe zvinotsiva.

Vamwe vapurezidhendi vakada miitiro isina kurongwa zvikuru yokuita chisarudzo, vachitsamira pamapoka maduku avagadziri vanovimbwa uye kurangarira kwakapfava zvikuru. Uku kunzvera kwakasiana - siana kunoratidzira hunhu hwamapurezidhendi nouzivi hwakasiana - siana, pasina mutoo mumwe wokuva mukuru munyika yose. Kubudirira kwomuitiro upi noupi wokuita zvisarudzo kunotsamira pakusanowirirana nechimiro chokushanda chapurezidhendi norudzi rwedenho dzinokurukurwa.

Pesvedzero Yezvitendero Zvomunhu Oga Nechinoitika

Zvitendero zvapurezidhendi somunhu oga, zvinoitika, uye pfungwa dzezvamatongerwe enyika zvinogona kuumba mutoo wavo wokuita zvisarudzo, purezidhendi ane chitendero chakasimba mukuva nebviro yakaganhurirwa yokutsigira mapurogiramu makuru ehurumende. Idzi zvitendero zvomunhu oga zvinogovera vapurezidhendi gadziriro yokunzvera zvisarudzo zvemiitiro uye kuita zvisarudzo pakati pezvimwe zvinokwikwidzana.

George Bush akaratidza pfungwa yechienzi yetsika dzokumwe sapurezidhendi uyo akaumbwa noruzivo rwake rukuru munhau dzokumwe pamberi pokutora upurezidhendi. Ruzivo rwomumberi muhurumende, bhizimisi, kana kuti mimwe nharaunda runogona kupesvedzera nenzira inokosha kuti purezidhendi anosvika sei mitoro yavo ndokuita zvisarudzo. Mapurezidhendi akashanda muCongress angava nemirangariro yakasiana pamusoro poukama hwemitemo kupfuura avo vanobva mumigariro yehurumende kana kuti yebhizimisi.

Kuvaka Zvibvumirano uye Kushanda NeCongress

Mapurezidhendi anobudirira anofanira kuva nounyanzvi pakuvaka mibatanidzwa uye kushanda neCongress kuti vafambisire mberi zvinhu zvavo zvemitemo.Izvi zvinoda kunzwisisa fariro neitiro hanya zvemitezo mimwe nemimwe yeCongress, kuziva nharaunda dzebvumirano inobvira, uye kudisa kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira apo kunenge kuri madikanwa. Mapurezidhendi anoshandisa mutoo wokunyanyokwikwidzana woukama hwemisangano kazhinji kazhinji anokuwana kwakaoma kuita nharidzano dzavo dzemitemo.

Ukama hwapurezidhendi neCongress hunokosha zvikuru apo boka rinoshora rinodzora imwe kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ose ari maviri. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, purezidhendi anofanira kuva nyanzvi zvikuru pakuwana nzvimbo yaanowirirana uye kuvaka tsigiro yebipartis nokuda kwezviito zvavo. Mano okushanda mumativi ebato ave anodenha zvikuru mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura sezvo kubatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakawedzera.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino Mukuitwa Kwechisarudzo chaPrezidhendi

Kuchinja Zvematongerwe Enyika uye Kuvharwa Kwemvura

Kuchinja kwetsika kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwamapurezidhendi kunotevedzana kwazova kwakakurumbira zvikuru munhambo ino yoruwa rwamatongerwe enyika. Apo kudzorwa kwechinjo dzamapipati makuru pakati pemapati, zviremera zvitsva zvinowanzokurumidza kushandura miitiro yavatangiri vavo, kuchiparira kusagadzikana nokusava nechokwadi munharaunda dzakawanda. Uyu mutoo wokuchinja nokupesana kwechinjo unogona kusekesa kuronga kwenguva refu ndokuderedza kushanda kwegadziriro dzehurumende.

Kubatana kukuru kunoita kuti zviome zvikuru kuti purezidhendi avake mibatanidzwa mikuru iri madikanwa kupedza zvinetso zvikuru zvenyika. Apo mitezo yeCongress inotarisana nedzvinyiriro inobva kunzvimbo dzayo dzezvamatongerwe enyika yokushora purezidhendi panguva iri yose, mikana yokuti kubatira pamwe kwebipartisan kupere. Iri simba rinogona kusunda purezidhendi kutsamira zvikuru pamirairo yavakuru vakuru uye zvimwe zviito zvisina kufanira, zvingava nyore zvikuru kudzorwa nehurumende dzomunguva yemberi.

Mapepanhau 24 Nezvinobudisa Nhepfenyuro

Mapurezidhendi azvino uno anoshanda mumhoteredzo yenzvero yenguva dzose yenyuzikuru nekurukurirano yapakarepo kupfurikidza nezviteshi zvesociation. Iyi mhoteredzo inoparira zvose zviri zviviri mikana nedenho nokuda kwoutungamiriri hwapurezidhendi. Kune rumwe rutivi, purezidhendi vanogona kukurukura zvakananga navanhu pasina kujekeswa nezvinobudisa nhau zvegamuchidzanwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, kudikanwa kwemhinduro dzokukurumidza dzokuputsa nhau kunogona kumanikidza purezidhendi kuita zvisarudzo zvokukurumidzira pasina kurangarira kwakakwana.

Kukurumidza kwekurukurirano yazvino uno kunorevawo kuti kutaura kwapurezidhendi nezviito zvinodzorwa nokunzvera kwokukurumidza nokutsoropodza kunobva munhungamiro dzakawanda. Mapurezidhendi anofanira kuva anongwarira zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose pamusoro pekurukurirano dzavo dzavose, sezvo kunyange kutaura kuduku kungava nharo huru.

Zvinetso Zvakaoma Kunzwisisa Munyika Yose

Mapurezidhendi epanguva ino anotarisana nematambudziko akaoma kunzwisisa anowedzera kuoma anodiwa kuti vawirirane nevanhu vakawanda uye kuti vanyatsogadzirisa zvinhu zvinoda kugadziriswa.

Kubatana kwezveupfumi hwenyika yose kunoreva kuti zvisarudzo zvoupurezidhendi pamusoro pezvokutengeserana, mari, uye zvemari zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yazvino uno uye inosvika kure. Mapurezidhendi anofanira kurangarira kuti zviito zvavo zvichatapura sei kwete bedzi United States asiwo vakwanyina vamarudzi ose uye gadziriro yemari yenyika yose. Ikoku kunoda nzwisiso yakakwirira yezvemari yamarudzi ose uye kusanobatana navatungamiriri vokumwe namasangano amarudzi ose.

Kubvisa Mubato waPurezidhendi Nokuita Zvisarudzo

Mupimo Wokusarudzwa

Kuparadza kuita kwapurezidhendi kunoda kurangarira mativi akawanda outungamiriri nokuita zvisarudzo. Mapurezidhendi anobudirira anofanira kuratidzira chisarudzo chakanaka mukuita zvisarudzo zvakaoma, mano okuvaka mibatanidzwa nokushanda navachengeti vemibatanidzwa yakasiana - siana, unyanzvi hwekurukurirano hwakajeka, uye kunamatira kunheyo dzebumbiro remitemo nemipimo yedemokrati. Vanofanirawo kuratidza simba rokudzidza mumhosho ndokugadziridza mitoo yavo sezvo migariro inochinja.

Miuyo yezvisarudzo zvapurezidhendi inopa ufakazi hunokosha hwenzvero, kunyange zvazvo kuchikosha kuziva kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvisingadzorwi nepesvedzero yebumbiro remitemo. Mapurezidhendi angaita zvisarudzo zvakanaka izvo zvinoparira miuyo inoodza mwoyo nemhaka yemigariro isingadeyi kuonwa, kana kuti vangabetserwa nemigariro yakanaka iyo inoita kuti zvisarudzo zvavo zviratidzike kuva zvinobudirira zvikuru kupfuura izvo ivo chaizvoizvo vakanga vakaita. Kunzvera kwokungwarira kunofanira kusianisa pakati pokuita kwapurezidhendi nezvinhu zvokunze.

Basa Remaonero Enhau

Murangariro wenhau unokosha nokuda kwokusanoyera kuita chisarudzo chapurezidhendi. Zvisarudzo zvinoratidzika kuva zvenharo kana kuti zvisina kururama munguva pfupi zvingarevererwa nezvinoitika zvinotevera, nepo zviito zvinoratidzika kuva zvinobudirira pakutanga zvingabvumikisa kuva chinetso munguva. Vanyori venhau namasayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika vanopfuurira kukurukura kuitwa kwapurezidhendi nguva refu pashure pokunge vabva panzvimbo, sezvo mashoko matsva anova anowanika uye miuyo yenguva refu yezvisarudzo zvavo zvinova zvakajeka zvikuru.

Hurumende dzapurezidhendi dzinogara kazhinji kazhinji dzinobatanidza zvisarudzo zvakanga zvakaoma mune zvamatongerwe enyika panguva yacho asi zvakabvumikisa kuva zvinobetsera rudzi pakupedzisira. Mapurezidhendi anodisa kuita zvisarudzo zvisingafarirwi apo anodavira kuti zvisarudzo izvozvo zvinobatira fariro dzorudzi angarangarirwa zvakanaka zvikuru nenhau kupfuura nevenguva yavo. Uku kusawirirana pakati perangariro dzenguva pfupi dzezvamatongerwe enyika nefariro dzorudzi dzenguva refu kunomirira chimwe chedenho huru dzoutungamiriri hwapurezidhendi.

Nguva Yemberi Yesimba Rapurezidhendi Nokuitwa Kwechisarudzo

Kududzira Kunochinja Kunotevedzerwa Nebumbiro Romutemo

Kukura uye rudzi rwesimba rapurezidhendi zvinopfuurira kuchinja sezvo matare anodudzira gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo mukuwirirana nemigariro yapanguva ino. Nharo pamusoro pechiremera chavakuru vakuru, ganhuriro dzesimba rapurezidhendi, uye dzikamo yakafanira pakati pamapazu ehurumende inoramba ichishingaira uye ichikakavara. Zvisarudzo zvenguva yemberi zvedare zvichaumba nzira iyo purezidhendi anoshandisa nayo chiremera chavo uye ganhuriro dzavana nadzo mukuronda nharidzano dzavo dzemitemo.

Ruzivo rwemagariro nemigariro inochinja zvinoparira mibvunzo mitsva pamusoro pesimba rapurezidhendi iro vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vaisagona kukarira. Nhau dzakadai sechisaririra chekombiyuta, uchenjeri hwokugadzira, uye kuva woga kwemichina inomutsa mibvunzo mitsva pamusoro pechiremera chavakuru vakuru uye ukuru hwakakodzera hwechiito chapurezidhendi. Iyi mibvunzo ichapedzwa sei zvikuru basa roupurezidhendi muhurumende yeAmerica.

Kuchinja Kwezvirongwa Nokuvandudza

Kupfuurira nokudzikama kwegadziriro yacho kunokosha nokuda kwokudzora kunobudirira, nomuitiro wehurumende unobudirira unoda dzikamo neruremekedzo rwenguva refu rwetsika dzakatangwa. Kusimbisa miitiro yesangano nemiitiro zvinogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuita chisarudzo chapurezidhendi kunoramba kuchibudirira pasinei zvapo nokuti munhu upi anoshanda pahofisi. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuchengeta gadziriro dzebasa rehurumende dzinobudirira, kuchengetedza yeuko, uye kudzivirira kuzvimirira kwavaongorori vose uye mamwe mabasa okutarisira.

Zvinjo dzokuvandudza kuita chisarudzo chapurezidhendi zvingabatanidza zvinodikanwa zvokuoneka, gadziriro dzokutarisira dzakasimba zvikuru, uye nhungamiro dzakajeka dzokushandisa masimba ekurumidziro. Zvisinei, chinjo dzipi nedzipi dzinofanira kudzikamisa kudikanwa kwokuzvidavirira uye kumanikidzirwa mukurwisana nechinodikanwa chapamutemo chapurezidhendi chokuchinjika uye mano okuita chiito nenzira yakasimba. Kuwana iyi chiyero chinoramba chiri denho inopfuurira nokuda kwehurumende yedemokrati yeAmerica.

Kubatanidzwa Kwomubatanidzwa Nokutora Rutivi Rwehurumende

Kubudirira kwechekero nedzikamo pasimba rapurezidhendi pakupedzisira kunotsamira pakuvimbisa kushingaira kwehurumende uye kutora rutivi kwehurumende kwakarongwa. Vagari vanonzwisisa kuti chigaro chinoshanda sei uye kuti zvipi zvinopi zviripo pachiremera chapurezidhendi zvakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuti zviite kuti vatungamiriri vavo vazvidavirire.

Kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kunoitwa nehurumende kunoshanda zvakanakisisa apo vagari vemo vanopa ngwariro kuzviito zvoupurezidhendi, vanoda kujekeswa nokutsanangurwa kwezvisarudzo zvikuru, uye kutsigirwa kwesangano pasimba rehurumende kunyange apo vanobvumirana nevavariro dzehurumende yehurumende. Kudzivirira masangano ehurumende yedemocracy netsika zvinoda kungwarira kuvagari vemo, vatori venhau, mitezo yeCongress, uye vatongi vanoda kutsigira nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo pasinei zvapo nerangariro dzechitsono.

Kutora Nzvimbo Huru Dzokunzwisisa Chisarudzo chaPurezidhendi

Basa rapurezidhendi muhurumende yeAmerica zvose zviri zviviri rine simba uye rinomanikidzirwa, nechiremera chinobva mugadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo, zvipo zvemitemo zvesimba, uye muenzaniso wenhau. Kuitwa kwechisarudzo chapurezidhendi kunobatanidza miitiro yakaoma iyo inochenesa mashoko, inobatira pamwe mumasangano akawanda, uye dzikamo yemibato inokwikwidzanidzana. Mapurezidhendi anobudirira anofanira kubatanidza rutongeso rwakanaka nounyanzvi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, mano okushanda navachengeti vemitengo yakasiana- siyana, uye kuzvipira kunheyo dzebumbiro remitemo.

Gadziriro yechero nedzikamo dzinoganhurira simba rapurezidhendi kupfurikidza nokutarisira kwoutungamiriri hwedare, hwirudzuro, uye kuzvidavirira kwavanhu. Iyi ganhuriro inokosha kudzivirira kutsoropodzwa kwavakuru vakuru nokuchengeta udzori hwedemocracy, kunyange zvazvo iwo achigona kuita kuti kuve kwakaomera zvikuru purezidhendi kupedza zvinetso zvorudzi. Kunyanduka pakati pesimba rapurezidhendi nerokuzvidavirira kwoudiroruzhinji kunoramba kuri rutivi runodzora rwehurumende yeAmerica.

Kunzwisisa kuti purezidhendi anoita sei zvisarudzo ndokushandisa chiremera chavo kunokosha nokuda kwougari hwemo hunozivikanwa. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza pamusoro pezvivako, miitiro, uye ganhuriro izvo zvinoumba chiito chapurezidhendi, vagari vemo vanogona kuyera zviri nani kuita kwapurezidhendi ndokuita kuti vatungamiriri vavo vazvidavirire. Uku kunzwisisawo kunobetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri bviro neganhuriro dzoutungamiriri mukuvambano nomugariro woupurezidhendi mukuva nedenho dzenyika.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pePresidente nehurumende yeAmerica, shanyira pawebsite yeIndaneti yeWhite House, kunzvera zviwanikwa pa National Archives [, kana kuti kunzvera zvisakiso zvedzidzo kubva ku Constitution Center yeRevolution . Zviwiro izvi zvinogovera nzwisiso inokosha mumashandiro eProrisiti yeProfezimendi yeNyika uye kuti zvisarudzo zvapurezidhendi zvinotapura sei upenyu hweAmerica.