Masangano Ebumbiro Remitemo eRaje Sabha Senzvero Pachiremera

Raje Sabra, kana kuti Council of States, iimba yapamusoro yeParamende yeIndia. Kuumbwa kwayo pasi peChikamu 80 cheBumbiro reMitemo kwakagadzirirwa kwete kungogovera bedzi imba inodzorwa asi kubatira senzvimbo yechigarire, inomirira nyika nenzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa. Uku kusiana kunopa Rajiya Sabha nzvimbo yakatanhamara apo shati yeboka ravakuru, iyo inotorwa zvikurukuru kubva kuLok Sahab. Mutungamiriri weSab. (* kubatira soMutungamiriri wePunihes, Dare raVabatiri, uye hwudzoreri mumutemo unosungirwa kuramba uchipindura kuParamende seya yose. Zvisinei, nemhaka yokuti Lokhabhina anonyurwa zvakananga navanhu, Sahaha yakatsanwa neSahab, uye makore ayo anodzorwa nomugariro warongwena, uye anodzorwa kupfurikidza nokuna kugadziridzwa kwemitemo.

Chikamu 75(3) chinotaura kuti Dare raVafundisi rine mutoro pamwe chete kuLok Sabha. Ikoku hakuhesvuri mukuru pakuzvidavirira kuRajiya Sabhaha. Mukupesana, Rajiya Sabhaha anoshandisa utariri hwakasimba kupfurikidza nokuhwirudzura kwemitemo, kunzvera zvamatongerwe enyika, uye mano aro okubvunza vakuru vakuru. Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa nenzira yamaune masimba Raja Sabba ayo, nepo asingaenzani neLok Sabhaha munhandare iri yose, akakwana kushanda senzvero ine revorevo yomukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru. Nyaya Sabha inonzvera mitoo iyo Rajiya Saha inonzvera nayo vakuru vakuru, ganhuriro yaro yaro inotarisana nayo, uye kushanda kwayo inopfuurira mugadziriro yehurumende yeIndia.

Michina Yokutarisira Yaitungamirira muRaje Sabra

Kuongorora Kwomutemo uye Simba Re Amendment

Raje Sabra inohwirudzura bhiri riri rose rinoitwa neLok Sabhaha, kunze kweMoney Bills. Iyi hwirudzuro haisati iri yomuitiro. Rajiya Sabha anogona kukarakadza zvibvumirano, anonongedzera mabhiri kuti asarudze matare, kana kuti arambe chose chose. Muitiro, hurumende inozviwana imene imene imene ichidzivirira mutemo pamberi peimba apo ingasachengeta voruzhinji. Iyi inogombedzera mukuru mukuru kururamisa mitemo yayo noufakazi nokurangarira, ichidzivisa kana kuti kuisa mitemo yakashata kuiswa mukusaita kurukurirano yakakwana. Somuenzaniso, Manyuko naMasangano enyika (GST) Bill aifanira kupfuudzwa sechibvumirano chemitemo inodzorwa mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. shamba Sayabha anonzvera zvikuru, anodzivisa kana kuti adzoresanwa zvisina kudzorwa nehurumende dzakawanda, uye anotsinhirana kubatanidzwa nehurumende.

Kupfuura kugadziridzwa, Raje Sabha ine simba rokutanga mutemo usiri wemari. Nepo usingawanzovaki mabhiri makuru, mano awo okuita kudaro anovimbisa kuti fariro dzohurumende nemirangariro yakapesana zvinowana inzwi remitemo. Gadziriro yeimba yacho inowirirana neParamende Svid Komiti dzinomira. Dare iri rinoumba iyi dare. Dare iri rinoumbwa nemitezo yedzimba dzose, rinonzvera nokunyora zvikwereti zvose uye kunyora mabhii. Rajiya Sabbaha anomiririra matare aya kazhinji kazhinji rinoenzanisa ruzhinji rwebato rinotonga muLokwa, zvinotungamirira kucherekedzwa zvikuru.

Awa Yomubvunzo Neawa Yezariro

Mubvunzo Awa chishandiso chine simba chokuita kuti vashumiri vazvidavirire. Kugara kwose kunovamba neawa yakapikirwa kuvafundisi. Raje Sabha mutezo ungabvunza mibvunzo yadzo (kubvunza mhinduro dzomuromo nedzokuwedzera) kana kuti mibvunzo isina kungwarirwa (mhinduro dzakanyorwa). Vashumiri vanofanira kupindura mumunhu, uye Mutauriri kana kuti Sender Sheader haavadziviridzi pamibvunzo inopfuurira. Mano okubvunza adzokerwa navakuru vakuru kumanikidza kuti vapindure kumuka mukuita, kunonotsa zvirongwa, kana kuti kudzokororwa mumaro. Zero (Nguva nenguva pashure peawa) inopfuudzerwa kuti vasidze zvinhu zvisina kungwa pamberi pezvi. Izvi zvakashandiswa kusimbisa kukundikana kwakadaro somurimi, kutambudzika, kudzorwa kwekodzero dzavanhu.

Kupfuurira kweRaje Sabba(it) hakutsakatiswi (zvinoreva kuti mitezo inounganidza yeuko yesangano nounyanzvi). Mushumiri haagoni kumirira imba; mutezo mumwe chetewo ungavhundutsa mubvunzo mumwe chetewo kwamakore kusvikira mhinduro inogutsa yapiwa. Iyi dzvinyiriro inotsigirwa yakatungamirira kukubvumidzwa kunokosha kwehurumende neruramiso dzemitemo. Somuenzaniso, kubvunza kunopfuurira kwakaitwa naRaja Sabba mitezo yeMinistry of Home Affairs kugombedzerazve nhungamiro dzayo pakushandiswa kwepfutipuruti muJammu & Kashmir.

Nharo Nekurukurirano

Raje Sabra anogara achiita nharo pamusoro pekuonga kukero yaPurezidhendi, pakuda mari, uye pakudana zviziviso. Idzi kurukurirano dzinokosha nemhaka yokuti vanoda mukuru mukuru kudzivirira chinyorwa chake pamberi pekamuri rinobatanidza nyanzvi dzakatanhamara, vaichimbova vabatiri vehurumende, uye vamiririri vemasangano enharaunda. Kusafanana neLok Sabhaha, uko voruzhinji vanodzora vanogona kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kumisa kurukurirano, Rajaya Sabba chinyorwa chaje. (apo pasina boka rimwe ringafarikanya chiverengero chikuru chakakwana chenyanzvi dzehurumende). Kurukurira kupfupikisa kwokutanga pasi poMutemo weChirati.

Raje Sabra anewo simba rokukurukura mishumo yeComptaller and Piscrinier General (CAG) uye yematare eparamende. Iyi kurukurirano dzinowanzoratidzira tsvina yavakuru vakuru kana kuti ushati. Somuenzaniso, kurukurirano pamusoro pomushumo pamusoro pemishumo yeCAG ye 2G muRajiya Sabba yakanga yakakomba zvikuru, kuchitungamirira kukurega kweyaichimbova Minisitiri weNhevedzero neIT neNhenharo yeDare rapamusorosoro.

Kutarisira Mari: Mabhiri emabhajeti Nemari

Bumbiro reMitemo rinoganhurira zvakakomba basa raRaje Sabba Sabha rinorumbidza bedzi kugadziriswa kweMoney Bills/bills ine gadziriro bedzi pakutera mutero, kukwereta, uye ndyiko kubva kuRajiya Sabhaha kunofanira kudzorera mari mumazuva 14; nezvisizvo, mari inonzi Lok Sabhaha inogona kupfuudzwa bedzi. Iyi ganhuriro inowanzodudzwa seutera hukuru hweRajiya Sabbaha. Zvisinei, Rajaha Sabhaha angagamuchira kana kuti kuramba simba raBill — iyo isati iri mari kana ichibatanidza zvimwe zvikamu zvikamu zvina zvikuru zveMitengo. Chikamu chaSabi chinowanzopfuurirwa. Chikaro ichi chinosimbiswa kazhinji seuteratiso chikuru cheReya Sabyahahahaha kupfurikidza nokushandisa mari.

Kupfuura mari Bills, Raje Sabra Scuritine bhajeti yegore negore kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi kwayo muDare Rimire pamusoro peMari, iro rinonzvera zvinodikanwa nokuda kwemipinduro yose youshumiri. Mishumo yedare, iyo inobatanidza rumbidzo nokuda kwokuiswa kwemari chaiyo nevandudzwa dzemibato, inoiswa mudzimba dzose. Nepo hurumende isingasungirwi kugamuchira idzi rumbidzo, inofanira kupindura, uye mhinduro yayo inoitwa pachena. Ikoku kunoparira kunzvera kwomukurumbira. Uyezve, simba reRaja Sabha rokuramba Bill yemari kana kuti mumwe mutemo une chokuita mari unopa mari inopa mari inokosha zvikuru.[8] Kana isingawanzoshandiswa mukurwisana nedare ravakuru vakuru.

Simba Chairo Nemabasa Ebumbiro remitemo

Raje Sabba ane masimba akasiyana anotapura zvakananga mukuru mukuru. MuChikamu 61, inogoverana naLok Sabha simba rokuvamba zviito zvokupindurira Purezidhendi. Nepo kudzorwa kwaPrezidhendi kusina kutongobudirira, tyisidziro yayo yakabudirira. Masimba akawanda, Rajiya Sabbaha ine simba chairo pasi peChikamu 312 rokuita All India Services (se IAS, IPS), IFS) kupfurikidza nokupfuudza chisarudzo chinotsigirwa nevoruzhinji vaviri-vatatu. Simba iri rinotapura chimiro chaichoicho chebukuru. Raja Sabbaha anogonawo, kupfurikidza nezvikamu zviviri zvamatatu, chisarudzo chokuti Paramendel rinofanira kuumba panhau (ASpecle), zvinobudirira bedzi.

Raje Sabra anoitawo basa mukusarudza kwaPurezidhendi, uyo anobatira saaichimbova mukuru mukuru wake. Mutungamiriri weSaiguru anosarudzwa nemitezo yedare rakasarudzwa rinoumba mitezo yedzimba dzose dziri mbiri, asi Raja Sabhaha Sabha anoumba mitezo mizhinji yekoreji iyoyo. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kupesvedzera kushanda kwomukuru mukuru kupfurikidza nokutungamirira Rapya Sabba, achivhota mutongo unoputsa mhaka yedenderedzwa, uye panhambo nenhambo anorumbidza hurumende pamusoro pezvakakodzera zveparamende.

Ganhuriro Pakutonga kweRaje Sabha

Kusakwanisa Kuramba Mabhiri Emari

Chinoganhurirwa chikurusa ndicho chimiro chisina simba paMari Kibhuro 110 chinorondedzera nenzira youchokwadi Sayrya Sabha. Chikamu 110 chinorondedzera mari kuti ive mari, asi hurumende pane dzimwe nguva dzakaronga zvikwereti seMari Bills kuti zvidzivise Rajiya Sabbahannches. Adhaar Act (2016) yakapfuudzwa seBill yemari pasinei zvapo negadziriro dzinopfuura mitero nendyiko. Dare repamusoro riri kunzvera muitiro uyu. Kunyange apo mari iri pachena kuti iBhizi, Raja Sabhaha anogona kurumbidza bedzi kutenderwa kwemitengi; Lok Sabbaha haidikadikaiwi kuinwa. Ikoku kunobvumira mukuru wacho kudarika Raja Sabba kuti apinde mutemo wemari, achishaidza tekisi yeimba yacho yakarongwa neimwe nzira.

Hapana Basa Mune Zvokuvimbana

Kupukunyuka kwavakuru vakuru kunotsamira bedzi paLok Sabba. Rajiya Sabba haagoni kuderedza hurumende kupfurikidza nokusazvivimba. Uku kupesana kunoreva kuti mukuru mukuru anogona kufuratira Rajiya Sabba panhau dzokupukunyuka nokudzora, kunangidzira ngwariro bedzi pakuparadza Lok Sabba voruzhinji. Hurumende pane dzimwe nguva dzakashandisa ikoku kumanikidza kupfurikidza nemitemo inokakavadzana nepo chishoro chaRajiya Sabbaha chinoramba chiri chokufananidzira. Rajiya Sabbaha haagoni kumanikidza mushumiri kuti asiye; chombo chadzorwa chacho bedzi kufutunurwa pachena uye kunyadziswa. Mugadziriro umo chirango chiri ruzhinji, ichi chombo chinowanzova chakasimba.

Chiremera Chinoganhurirwa Pazviito Zvokurambana

Rajiya Sabra haigoni kutsoropodza kana kuti kuraira vamiririri vesaga. Nepo ichigona kunongedzera nhau kumatare, haigoni kumanikidza mukuru mukuru kudzinga mushumiri. Lok Sabha, kupfurikidza naMutungamiriri Mukuru, inodzora chose chose pakugadzwa kwoushumiri. Matare eRajiya Sabba anogona kuraira mabhureta kana kuti kuraira magwaro, asi mukuru mukuru anogona kuramba panzvimbo dzechengeteko yenyika kana kuti pachivanze chedare. Dare rapamusoro rakataura kuti kodzero yemashoko haisi yakakwana, uye ropafadzo yepamusoro inogona kubvisa zvikumbiro zveparamendementa muzvinoitika zvakati. Rajiya Sabbaha haina gadziriro yakaparadza; inotsamira paLobha kuti aite chiito pamishumo yayo, iyo inowanzo.

Zvikamu Zvemaminitsi

Bhizimisi raRaje Sabra rakarongwa neDare reBusiness Advia Sabha rine mitezo yakabva zvikurukuru kubato rinotonga. Chikamu chaManister(* ndechePurezidhendi kuboka rinodzora kana kuti rinosarudzwa netsigiro yaro. Ikoku kunopa hurumende udzori papurogiramu. Zvikwereti zvemhikano muRajaya Sabba hazvitongotaurirwi. Imba inogara kwamazuva 70 pagore, kuderera kubva kumakumi amakore apakuvamba, uye Kubvunza Nguva kunodzongodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji nepfuudzo. Iyi Hurumende inoderedza jaya Sabha nguva inoshanda.

Raje Sabra Secheki YeFederal

Kupfuura matongerwe enyika akasarudzwa, Raje Sabha anoipa basa rakasiyana nemamwe ehurumende. Mitezo inosarudzwa namagungano ehurumende emitemo, kwete zvakananga navanhu. Ikoku kunoreva kuti hurumende dzine inzwi muimba yokumusoro, iro rinoshandisa zvishoma kupfurikidza navamiriri vadzo vakasarudzwa. Apo mukuru mukuru (8) aidzorwa nebato ringasadzora magungano akawanda ehurumende. / Mitemo inodzora mutemo unodzorwa pakodzero dzehurumende, Rapya Sabba anogona kuudzivisa. Somuenzaniso, Land Acquisition Act, 2013, uye kudzorwa kwakatevera muna 2015 kwairwisana nesimba neRjaya Shabbaha, kumanikidza hurumende kuputsa gadziriro.

Raje Sabra anewo chiremera chimwe chokubvumira Paramende kuisa muganhu panhau dzehurumende mufariro yenyika (Article 249) uye kugadzira All India Services (Mamiriyoni 312). Aya masimba anovimbisa kuti kubvumira hurumende kuri madikanwa pamberi pokunge mukuru mukuru weUnion awedzera kusvika munzvimbo dzakachengeterwa nyika. Munyika yakasiana seIndia, iyi nzvero yehurumende inokosha kudzivirira kudzora kwechikurusarudzo kunoitwa neLok Sabba.

Murangariro Wokuenzanisa: Raje Sabha uye Dzimwe Dzimba Dzapamusoro

Richienzaniswa neUnited States Gename, Rajiya Sabhaha ine simba rakaenzana pamitemo yose, kubatanidza zvikwereti zvemari, uye rinofanira kusimbisa kugadzwa kwevakuru vakuru nezvibvumirano. Rajiya Sabhaha haasimbisi vashumiri kana kuti vatongi; Purezidhendi anovagadza pazano reMutungamiriri mukuru. Zvisinei, Rajiya Sabba ane masimba akasimba zvikuru kupfuura UK House of Lords, anogona kunonotsa bedzi zvikwereti pagore rimwe uye haagoni kudzosera mutemo upi noupi. Urongwa hweIndia hunovaita kuti vasarumbidze: Raja Sabba anogona kubvisa mari isati iri mari nemasimba okunzvera, asi simba rahwo rine donzo rahwo rokudzivisa nzvimbo inodzorwa panzvimbo imwe chete.

Kuchinja Nokukakavadzana

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, vamwe vatsinhiri vezvamatongerwe enyika vakakarakadza kubvisa Rajiya Sabha, vachiitirana nharo kuti inzvimbo inorwisana nedemokrase, isina kunanga iyo inodzivisa yakakurumbira icharatidzirwa kupfurikidza neLok Sabhaha. Vamwe vanotsigira chinjo kusimbisa utariri hwayo (somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza nokupa vhoti yakaenzana paMoney Bills kana kuti kuraira kugadzwa kwavakuru. Chikarakadzo chine mwero zvikuru ndechokuva nekarenda yakagadzwa nokuda kweRapya Sabba kuvimbisa kuti anenge mazuva 100 anogara. Pazera ra2025, hapana chinjo huru yakaitwa, asi gakavaro rinopfuurira. Rajiya Sabbahaha zvinoramba, nokuti, sangano guru reIndia iro rinogara zvino rinogara namasangano ehurumende nenyanzvi.

mhedziso

Basa raRaje Sabra mukunzvera bazu guru rinomanikidzirwa naparipo. Risingabvisi hurumende kana kuti mabhiri emari, mitemo yayo, kubvunzurudza, uye masimba edare anomanikidzira mukuru kururamisa zviito zvaro pamberi penguva yakagadzwa yechigarire, nzvimbo inomirira hurumende. Rajiya Sabba inononozeka, uye inofumura mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende.

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