Department of Homeland Security (DHS) yakatangwa muna 2003 kuti isimbise masangano akawanda ehurumende pasi pebasa rimwe: kudzivirira United States patyisidziro dzemagandanga nedzimwe ngozi. Mumakumi maviri amakore apfuura, DHS yazova sangano guru rehurumende rinoronga mabasa okurwisa ugandanga munyika yose. Uku kubatana kunobatanidza kwete bedzi kudzivirira asi kugadzirira, kupindura, uye kubvisa masangano ezve. DHS inoshanda nemasangano akachenjera, kudzika mitemu yose, vakwanyina vepanyika dzose, uye vamiririri vakabatana pamwe kuti vavake kudzivirira ugandangamira. [[FLT:]] Kudzivirira Kugaraland [FLT] kunoshanda somusiti webasa iri, rinobatanidza basa rakaitwa kare. Iyi nyaya ino inonzvera basa rokuchengetedza Mumusha, kuongorora kudzivirira kuchengetedza kunzvimbo dzapamusha, zvinetso, uye kutungamirira kutungamirira kudzoro, njodzi, nguva yemberi yomunguva yemberi.

Genesi Nokushanduka - shanduka Kwechengeteko Yokumusha

Kurwisa kwaSeptember 11, 2001, kwakafumura mipata yakakomba mumano ehurumende yokugoverana ungwaru netsinhirano mumasangano ose. Mumhinduro, Homeland Security Act ya2002 kwakaparira DHS, kubatanidza masangano 22 ehurumende aivapo mubato rimwe. Iyi bvumirano yaiitirwa kubvisa michina yezvitofu uye kunatsiridza mashoko pakati pezvinhu zvakadai seImmigation and Naturation Service (INS), Coart, Secreal Service, uye Dare richangobva kuumbwa reHwerometer Administration (TSA). Mutemo wakamirira kurongwa kwehurumende kukurusasesasesa munhau yeAmerica yazvino uno, uchiratidzira nhambo itsva yehurumende yokuchengetedza.

Kubvira pamavambo aro, DHS yachinja kuti igadzirise tyisidziro itsva uye iri kubuda. Bazi racho rakawedzera kuisa pfungwa yaro kupfuura ugandanga hwekare kuti husanganisire njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, uye utsotsi hwemarudzi ose. Zvisinei, kurwisa ugandanga kunoramba kuri basa guru. Kudzivirira, dziviriro, mhinduro, uye kunaya. (jekita racho) rakawanda rinova reQuadrenter Homeland Security Review (QHSR) rinoongorora nguva nenguva kuti risimbise kugadziriswa njodzi dziripo.

Chivako chedhipatimendi racho chinoratidza basa raro rokubatanidza. Hofisi yeMitemo neNhevedzo (I&A) inovimbisa kuti kutyisidzira kunosvika nyika, nharaunda, dzinza, uye nzvimbo. CYBERSEURY ne Infrastructuralic Security Agency [CISA])[FLT] inodzivirira zvivako zvinodzivirira patyisidziro dzesimba remuviri nedzeICMC, uye gadziriro. Kuvhozhekesa kweMitemo yeMassciation Office (CWMD) kunokurukura ngozi yeCBRN. Pamwe chete, izvi zvinoumba chishandiso chinopesana chezvokudzivirira chinoitwa nouchenjeri pakugadzirirwa kwezvirongwa zvokushanda. DSDS dzimba dzinodzivirira hofisi zveProcratection, Policet, Policrativey Com, uye gadziriro yeB.

Kugadzirwa KwemaDHS Kwougandanga Hunorwisana Nahwo

Gadziriro inorwisana nougandanga yeDHS iri pambiru dzinoverengeka: kubatana kwouchenjeri, chengeteko yomuganhu, dziviriro yemarongerwo enzvimbo, uye kushanda. mbiru imwe neimwe inotsamira paukama muhurumende nemunharaunda. Gadziriro yacho yakarongedzerwa kuva inokurumidza, kuchibvumira vedhipatimendi kuchinja pfuma setyisidziro. Chikamu ichi chinonzvera mbiru imwe neimwe muudzame.

Kuongorora Uchenjeri uye Kuongorora Kunotyisidzira

Kugoverana kwoungwaru inheyo yebumbiro rezvinorwisa. DHS inoita Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN]), chikuva chakachengeteka chinobatsira kugoverana mashoko chaiwoiwo pakati pehurumende, nyika, uye masangano omunzvimbomo. HSIN inotsigira zviuru zvevashandisi munyika yose, ichiparadzira kuparadzirwa kwekunzvera tyisidziro, mishumo yemigariro, nemiitiro yakanakisisa. Sangano inobatanidza nzanga chaiyo yefariro nokuda kwenhau dzakafanana nechengeteko yehurumende, tyisidziro yeIndaneti, uye dziviriro inotsoropodza yemari inodzivirira.

Mukuwedzera, Office of Intelligence and Analysis yeDHS inogadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa zvigadzirwa zvenjere nokuda kweshamwari. Izvi zvinhu zvinoshandura mashoko akaoma kutyisidzira kuva nhungamiro inoshanda nokuda kwokuchengetwa kwomutemo womunzvimbomo navakuru vakuru vemamiriro enjodzi. Dhipatimendi racho rinotorawo rutivi muAund Intelligence Community Community, richishanda padivity, National Counterroriscial Prophective Center (NCTC), uye Department of Defective. Fusion Centers. Departments. $8]tate nenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo dzinonzvera tyisidziro /aressssss dzinogovera mashoko makurusa muindectory yeicendices muicendices. DHS inogoverawowo, uye kurovedzana kubatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzinobatira mumitezo renyika inorwisana namashoko anorwisana namarudzi anopesana.

Chengeteko Yomuganhu uye Ugandanga Hwokurwisana Nahwo

Kuratidza miganhu yenyika mutoro mukuru unodzivisa ugandanga. Customs and Bordline Protection yeU.S.CBP (CBP) zvidzitiro zvevafambi nezvitoro pachiteshi chokupinda zvichishandisa mitauro yakakwirira yemichina yenjere, uye unyanzvi. National Potifiling Center inonzvera kufamba uye mashoko ezvombo kuti ione vanhu vakakwirira uye zvinhu zvisati zvasvika. Vakuru vakuru vakuru veCBP vanoshandisa Automatisted Conficiting System (ATS) kugovera mitako yengozi mukuuya kweva vanhu uye zvinhu, zvichiita kuti vasarukidzwe.

Transportation Security Administration (TSA) inoita kuti ndege dzisave nemamiriro okufamba adzo ose. TSA inoshandisa matanho okuchengetedza ane ngozi, kusanganisira purogiramu yePreCHECP nevakuru vakuru vetsika, kuisa zvinhu pavashandi vakakwirira. Komu yacho inoshandawo nevamwe vemarudzi ose kuti ikwidziridze mipimo yokudzivirira ndege munyika yose kupfurikidza nemasangano akadai seInternational Civile Aviation Organization (ICAO). TSA’S US IVIS IVIS IMENTMEDRAL Prevention and Resociets (VIPR) zvikwata zvinoongorora zvinhu zvisina kurongwa panhandare, zviteshi zvenja, uye mamwe makambani okufambisa kuti zvisare kurwisa njodzi dzinobvira.

Kudzivisa magandanga kushandisa gadziriro dzokupinda munyika nokushandisa zvisina kufanira, DHS Stockseationship yeDS neImmigration Services (USCIS) zvirongwa zvokunzvera nokuchengetera zvinhu pavhiza. purogiramu yeRecurity Program kunzvimbo dzeDHS kunzvimbo dzemamongi kuti vaone tyisidziro dzinobvira. Ava vakuru vakuru vanohwirudzura tyisidziro, bvunzurudzo, uye tsinhirana namabasa okuchengetedza enyika kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vafambi bedzi vanogamuchira mapepa okupinda. Purogiramu yacho yakakudzwa kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemanyuko kuMiddle East, Asia, uye Africa.

Dziviriro Nerevedzo

Nheyo dzepfuma dzinova nechamupindwa wenhumbi dzedariro nedzemari, zvokufambisa, zvokurapa, uye zvokukurukurirana nezvokugara. CHISITA inotungamirira nhamburiko dzokudzivirira zvinhu izvi. Sangano rinopa zviwanwa zvengozi, zvokushandisa zveIndaneti, uye kurovedza varidzi vemafashoni nevashandi. ZVINOTAURA ZVINHU ZVOKUDZIVIKANA NZVINOSARUVANGANA KUVAVAVANHU (PS) kuti vabatsire masangano omunzvimbomo kuvandudza chengeteko. Idzi dzinoshanda namanejasitiritiridzi, vadzo, uye varori vezvokuronga kuti vazivise masangano okudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu echimbino.

CHISA inodzorawo National Infrapublicature Protection Plan (NIP), iyo inoonesa kuti vakwanyina voruzhinji navasiri voga vanobatira pamwe sei kuti vakurire ngozi. Purogiramu inosimbisa kubatana kwemadipatikano echikamu, nekadhiomhestora yeIscrative Actiorment Active (SRM) inoshanda sepfundo guru rokudzivirira nokuda kwenzvimbo imwe neimwe inodenha. Muchinoitika chedenho, CISA inotsinhirana nokunayamura kuti igadzirise mabasa anokosha nokukurumidza. Sangano reNational Coordinating Center (NC) rezvokufambisa mashoko rinobatira sepfundo guru rokuonana kwechatapukudzo yechinoitika muteshi yeteshi yeteshi yetebhuro.

Kubatana Kwakaita Mhiri Kwemapuraneti, Hurumende, Nzvimbo, Rudzi, uye Vashandi Pamwe Chete

Ugandanga hunoshanda zvinobatsira pakurwisa hunoda kuti pave nehurumende dzakawanda dzisina musocial network.

Masimba Anoshanda Pamwe Chete Nebasa Rematope

FBI inotungamirira Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTFs) munzvimbo dzinopfuura 200 munyika yose. DHS inopa vashandi, uchenjeri, uye tsigiro yebasa kuaya mauto. Vakuru vakuru veDHS vanobva CBP, TSA, ICE, uye basa reCoast Guard parutivi peFBI mapurisa emomosvey kunzvera nokudzongonyedza gadziriro dzemagandanga. Uku kubatana kunovimbisa kuti kunzvera kwougandanga kubetsere neboka rose rezviremera zvehurumende nounyanzvi. Kupinda kwakasiyana kweDHS kumuganhu, kuTS, uye mashoko okubuda kunowedzera ukoshi ku JTFFFF, kuchiita kuti vaongorori vashore uye vazivi vazivi vamabhizimisi vapari vekoshi venzvimbo dzinotendiva.

DHS inochengetawo nzvimbo dzayo dzimene dzokushandira, dzakadai seNational Operations Center (NOC), iyo inonzvera tyisidziro nezvinoitika muwachi uno. NOC inobatira senzvimbo huru yedhipatimendi nokuda kwokuziva mamiriro ezvinhu uye inobatirana neFBI’s Strategitegic Information and Observations Center (SIOC) mukati mezvinoitika zvikuru. Uku kuita kwakarongwa kwokubatanidza kunovimbisa kuti mashoko anofamba ose ari maviri achiyambuka achikwira achikwira achibva mubatanidzwa kuenda kumwero yomunzvimbomo.

Kurovedza uye Kukwanisa Kuvaka Vaya Vakatanga Kugamuchira

DHS inogovera rovedzo huru nezviwanikwa kuhurumende uye kuvapinduri vomunzvimbomo vokutanga. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), rutivi rweDHS, inotungamirira gadziriro dzinobetsera nzanga kugadzirira ndokupindura zviitiko zvemagandanga. Homeland Security Grant Program (HSGP) michina yemari, rovedzo, uye kurovedza nokuda kwokuchengetwa kwomutemo, madhipatimendi emoto, uye mabasa ezvokurapa. Mugore rechiRungu 2023, HSGP yakapa mari inopfuura mabhiriyoni $1 (Z $565) mumarironziyo yehurumende neyamagariro omunzvimbomo.

Center for Fomati Liningness (CDP) muAlabama zvitima zvinopindura zvichibva mhiri kwenyika mukubata tyisidziro dzeCBRNE. CDP inopa makosi anobva mukuziva kukuru kusvikira kumabasa ounyanzvi akakwirira, kubatanidza zvivako bedzi zvemakemikari, zvezvinhu zvipenyu, uye zvemichina zvinoshandiswa nehurumende zvinovhura vose vari kupindura. National Exegience Program (NEP) zvinoedza kuongorora zvirongwa zvezviito zvomunzvimbomo nezvorudzi.

DHS inotsigirawo Urban Aquares Security Initive (UASI), iyo inogovera mari yokuwedzera kunzvimbo dzomumaguta dzine ngozi zvikuru. Vagamuchiri veUASI vanoshandisa mari iyi kuvaka mapoka emhinduro chaiyo, zvokushandisa, uye rovedzo yokutungamirira pamwe chete nevamiriri vehurumende. Purogiramu yave iri chishandiswa mukukudziridza mano akadai semhinduro ine ngozi, tsigiro yezvokurapa nemishonga, uye kuraswa kwamabhomba mumaguta makuru.

Vaiti Vanoita Ugandanga Hunoshanda

Kupfuura kubatana kwegadziriro dzokuvaka, DHS ine zvirongwa chaizvo zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa ugandanga ndokupinda munzanga.

Kungwarira Vanhu uye Kushuma

Kana Ukaona Chimwe Chinhu, Saya Chimwe Chinhu Nhimbe , yakatanga pakuvamba neNew York City Metropolitan Transportation Authority uye gare gare yakagamuchirwa naDHS, inokurudzira vanhu kushuma mubato unonyumwira kumira mumutemo. Nhimbe yacho yakakudzwa kubatanidza kukwidzwa, shopu, nzvimbo dzemitambo, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzavose. DHS inogovera zvinhu nepfuma zvokurovedza zvishandisimudziro zvinobudirira. Chifo chekufambisa kwaro kwenyika, chirongwa chacho chakarumbidzwa nemienzaunziro yezviito zvinoshanda, zvimwe zvakatungamirira kukusungwa kwougandanga kunowirirana.

DHS inoshandisawo National Universal Saccounting Reporting (SAR) Inotanga, inoisa mupimo maunganidzwa anoitwa masangano anochengeta mutemo, kugoverana, uye kunzvera mishumo yetsika dzinonyumwira. SAR inovimbisa kuti mazano anorangarirwa nguva dzose uye anogoverwa navakwanyina vakakodzera mudura renhau yakachengeteka. Iyi gadziriro inobetsera kuziva mitoo yetsika dzapamberi pokudenha iyo ingagona kushaikwa.

Vamiririri Vanorwiswa Uye Vadziviriri Vemagandanga

Mumakore achangopfuura, DHS yakawedzera kuisa pfungwa panzvimbo yayo yokudzivisa chisimba uye ugandanga hwomumba. purogiramu yacho inosimbisa zvirongwa zvomunzvimbomo kuti zvizivikanwe uye kupindira nevanhu vari pangozi yokuwedzera. Izvi zvinopa mari yemapoka anotyisidzira, kupararira kwenzanga, uye mabasa outano hwepfungwa serutivi rwenzira dzoutano dzevoruzhinji dzokudzivirira chisimba.

Nhengo yeDHS yePrevention Programs and Partnerarchs (CP3) inopa rovedzo nebetsero younyanzvi kubetsera nzanga kuvaka mikana yokudzivirira. CP3 inopa michina yokurovedza paIndaneti, mumashopu anoshandira, uye betsero yemichina yemibatanidzwa yokudzivirira yomunzvimbomo. Ikoku kunoratidzira chinjo huru kukupindira kwapakuvamba uye zvigadzikiso zvakavakirwa panzanga, ichiziva kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwoga hakugoni kupedza zvisakiso zvikuru zvokuchinja.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nezvougandanga Hwokugara Mumusha

Pasinei nezvakawanda zvaitwa, maDHS anosangana nematambudziko anotooma kurwisa ugandanga, uye anoda kuti arambe achikwanisa kuagadzirisa.

Kuparadza Nyika Kunochinja

Mazano emagandanga anoramba achingochinja. Kukwira kwevane chisimba chinotyisa, vatambi voga vanokurudzirwa nemashoko anoparadzirwa paIndaneti, uye kushandiswa kwezvombo zviduku zvakadai semotokari, mapanga, uye pfuti zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuongorora uye kudzivirira. DHS inofanira kuchinja kuunganidzwa kwayo, kuongorora, uye kukwanisa kugadzirisa njodzi idzi. Kusiyana nezvirongwa zvinoda mwedzi yakawanda yokuronga uye pfuma, kurwisa kwemunhu mumwe chete kunogona kuitwa pasina kugadzirira, zvichiita kuti zviome kuzvidzivirira.

Uyezve, kunyanyisa kwechisimba mudzimba kwazova chinhu chinonyanya kunetsa. DHS yakafunga kuti kurwisana kwemadzinza nemadzinza kunokonzera kunyanyisa sengozi yokutanga, ichida kushamwaridzana nevanhu vomunyika uye vanoshanda mumutemo womunzvimbomo. Basa re2023 Homeland Changet Assessment rakacherechedza kuti vanonyanyisa vomudzimba ndivo vari mungozi huru kupfuura masangano emagandanga okune dzimwe nyika mune dzimwe nyika mune dzimwe nharaunda, zvichiratidza kuchinja kukuru muzvinhu zvinotyisidzira.

Kuchengeteka uye Zvigadzirwa Zviri Kuwedzera

Magandanga anowedzera kushandisa ruzivo rwokukurukurirana, kurwisa, kunyora mashoko, kubudisa mashoko, uye nzira dzemakombiyuta dzisiri dzemagariro evanhu dzinoedza kuongorora uye nzira dzemazano.DHS inofanira kudzikamisa zvinodiwa pakuchengeteka nokudzivirira vanhu pachivande uye pakudzivirira rusununguko rwavo, kunetseka kunokonzera kukurukurirana kwevanhu kunoramba kuchienderera mberi.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvinhu zvinoda kugadzirirwa zvakatarisana nengozi dzinowedzera paIndaneti dzinobva kumapoka ehurumende nemagandanga. CHISA inoshanda kusimbisa kufambika kwemakombiyuta muzvikamu zvose, asi kuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kunoda kuti pave nokugadzirwa kwemichina inoramba ichigadzirwa. Kukwirira kwouchenjeri hwokugadzira zvinhu, makombiyuta anofambidzana paIndaneti, uye kupfuudzira makore kunoparira kurwisana kukurumidza kubatwa. DHS’S Cybersecurity Division Izuzation yeNational Cybersecity Protection System (NCPS), inoita kuti pave nemhiviso dzinodzorwa nemabasa okudzivirira varwi vehurumende.

Kuvhiringidzwa Kwemanyuko Nesimba Rezvamatongerwe Enyika

DHS inoshanda mukuganhurirwa kwemari kuti itsigire kufambiswa kwezvokutengeserana pakati pezvinhu zvinokwikwidzana. Ugandanga hunofanira kukwikwidzana nokuchengeteka kwemuganhu, njodzi, uye kusachengeteka kwepakombiyuta nokuda kwokushandisa mari uye kungwarira. Njerevedzo yemari yedhipatimendi haisati yafambirana nokukwira kwemitengo mumakore achangobva kupfuura, ichidzvinyirira mano ayo okuchengeta mwero yavashandi uye kuisa mari muruzivo rutsva. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anogonawo kutapura ndangariro yebato, sezvo kudzoresa imwe neimwe inounza tyisidziro nezvinosarudzwa zvemitemo, kuchitungamirira kuchinjo mumigove yezviwiso zvemari nenhungamiro yakarongwa.

Kushanda zvakanaka kwevashandi uye kungwarira inhau dzinopfuurira, zvikurukuru mumasangano anotungamirira akadai seCBP neTSA. Mwero mikuru yekuchinja, kurayira kwapanguva yakawandisa, uye migariro yebasa inodenha zvinoparira kunyoreswa nokusadzorwa kwezvinetso zvendangariro. Kuchengeta vashandi vane unyanzvi uye vanonyandurwa kunokosha nokuda kwezvombo zvinorwisa, uye DHS yakatanga nhano dzokuvandudza kubudirira kwavashandi nefambiro mberi yebasa, kubatanidza mapurogiramu okurovedza akawedzerwa uye mabasa okutsigira utano hwendangariro.

Nguva Yemberi Yokubatanidzwa Kwougandanga Kunorwisana Nahwo

DHS ichafanira kuramba ichichinja kuti irambe ichiita basa rayo rokutarisira zvinobudirira.

Kuongorora Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa Nematanho

Ungwaru hunoitwa (AI) uye kudzidza michina zvinopa zvishandiso zvitsva zvokuwana tyisidziro, kuzivikanwa kwemarongedzero, uye mugove wezviwanikwa. DHS iri kunzvera nzira yokushandisa nayo AI kunzvera zvitsama zvikuru zvemashoko kubva murwendo, kutengeserana, uye kurukurirano asi ichiremekedza kuva woga neganhuriro dzapamutemo. Dare reIIC Center of Excellence uye batira pamwe namasangano edzidzo yedzidzo yedzidzo yedzidzo yemari yakarongwa. Kushandisa njodzi dzinobatanidza tyisidziro yemotokari pamahomberi okupinda, kutema kuti idzivirire zvinhu, uye kugadzirwa kwomutauro wechisiko nokuda kwokuunganidzwa kwounyanzvi hwedzidzo.

DHS yavambawo Office yakavanzika neData Amficy and Hession Advisory Committee kuti igovere nokutungamirira pakushanda kweAl. Mitumbi iyi inovimbisa kuti ruzivo rutsva ruwirirane neChiito chePfinic Act ya 1974, E-Government Act, uye mimwe mitemo yakakodzera. Sezvo mano eAI akura, DHS achada kudzikamisa kugadziridzwa nokuzvidavirira uye kujeka.

Kusimbisa Vakwanyina Vamarudzi Ose

Ugandanga chinetso chenyika yose icho chinoda batira pamwe yamarudzi ose. DHS inoshanda nevamwe vokumwe kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvokubetserana, zvirongwa zvokuvakisa zvirongwa, uye mashoko anogoverana mibato. Basa rinotora rutivi mumasangano akadai seGlobal Counter Cornoticism Fortum (GTF) uye INTERPOL. Kudzikamisa uhu ukama kuchava kunokosha sezvo tyisidziro dzinova dzinova dzinowedzera kukura zvikuru uye sezvo mapoka amagandanga anoshandisa zvisina simba pesvedzero munzvimbo dzinoshairwa kana kuti pasi penzvimbo dzinodzorwa.

DHS inotungamirirawo nhume dzeUnited States kuDare reThostrisbane reChibatanwa chaMarudzi uye inobetsera kunhamburiko dzamarudzi ose kuchengetedza cheni dzokugovera, ndege, uye kufamba mugungwa. Makambani ebato renyika dzakawanda akaiswa munzvimbo dzinoshandira pamwe munyika huru, kuratidzira ukama hwevatano namabasa echengeteko enyika. Idzi dzinobatanidza kurovedzana kwoushamwari, kugoverana kwouchenjeri, uye batira pamwe panhau dzinorwisana neUganda.

mhedziso

Department of Homeland Security inoita basa rinokosha mukuronga mabasa okudzivisa ugandanga muUnited States. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza kwouchenjeri, chengeteko yemuganhu, dziviriro yemarongerwo enzvimbo, uye kubatana nehurumende, yomunzvimbomo, yedzinza, uye yenharaunda, DHS inogadzira dziviriro yakabatana paugandanga. Kukwanisa kwebato kugadziridza tyisidziro itsva, unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, uye kushanda pamwe chete kuchaita kuti pave nokubudirira mumakore ari mberi. Sezvo tyisidziro inopfuurira kuchinja, basa reDHS rinoramba riri madikanwa kuchengeteko nechengeteko yenyika. Bazi rinofanira kupfuurira kuisa mari mukushanda kwaro, kuvandudza mano aro okushanda, uye kukudza kushanda kwayo kuti irambe iri mberi kwevave vadzivisi vari kukurumidza. Chinetsoro chikuru chinenge chisingagoni kuva chinetso chikuru.