Kutanga: Simba Romutemo Rokutarisira

Ukama pakati peCongress neBazu reSangano reSangano reSangano reAmerica. Vatarisiri veBumbiro reMitemo, vanongwarira simba rakakomba, vakagadzira noune hurumende ine masimba akaparadzana. Chikamu ndinopawo Congress yose chiremera chemitemo, asi vakavamba vakazivawo kuti mitemo yoga haina kukwana, inofanira kupiwa pamutemo nenzira yakatendeka uye kutsigirwa zvakafanira. Ikoku ndiko uko kutarisira kwedare kunobuda sebasa rinodenha. Kupfurikidza nokunzwa, kunzvera, uye simba rechikwama, shooreso, uye kurukurirano, uye pesvedzero dzezviito zveBazu Rinodzora, zvinovimbisa kuti purezidhendi namasangano ehurumende zvinofanira kuramba zvichizvidavirira nenzira yakafanira kuvanhu. Pasina tarisiro inokudzwa, gadziriro yokunzvera nechiyero ingaderera, uye kudzora kwoutongi kungaderera.

Kutarisira uku hakusi kungogara kuchiitwa; ibasa rinoramba richiitwa richiita kuti mutemo ushaye nzira uye udzivise kushandiswa zvisina kufanira. Mukuongorora uku kwakakura, tinoongorora mashandiro anoitwa, zvinoitika zvenhau, zvinetso, uye ramangwana rokutarisira dare rehurumende.

Kunzwisisa Kutarisira Kwemasangano

Congress utarisiro hunonongedzera kumuitiro uyo Congress anotarisira nawo uye anohwirudzura mabasa eBazu raVatungamiriri, kubatanidza masangano ehurumende, madhipatimendi, uye House. Hwaro hwebumbiro remitemo hunobva muChikamu I, icho chinopa Congress simba rokuita mitemo, uye chitsama chakafanira (Chikamu 8 Claus 18), icho chinoreva chiremera chokunzvera nhau dzine chokuita nomutemo. Mukuwedzera, basa reDare mukusimbisa manyuna namabhiritsi zvinogoverano zvinogovera mumwe musengwa. Dare rapamusoro rakaramba richitsigira masimba makuru eCubserve, sezvinoonekwa muzvinoitika [FLT:]] MGrain. Dhavi.[FFFF] [12] [2]

Kushandiswa Kweutarisiri

Musangano mumwe nomumwe unoita basa rawo uye unogona kushandiswa pamwe chete kuti uone zvakawanda zvinoitwa nevatungamiriri.

  • Kunzwa:[ matare eCongress anoita pachena kana kuti kuvhara nzeve kubvunza vakuru vakuru vakuru, vakuru vemitezo, uye nyanzvi. Marusando aya anogona kuva anodenha kana kuti anobatira pamwe, asi nguva dzose anovavarira kuunganidza mashoko nokutsinhanisa nokuda kwokuzvidavirira. Mienzaniso inobatanidza ufakazi hunobva kuvanyori veBittenet pamusoro pokuitwa kwemiitiro kana kuti kubva kuvaburidzisi veridzi vanoratidzira chakaipa.
  • Kunzvera: Congress inogona kutanga nzvero dzakarongwa muzvinofungidzirwa kuva zvakaipa, tsvina, kana kuti kushatiswa mukati mebazu guru. Mabhii anopa mipiro inosunda kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa nezvipupuriro. Nzvero huru, dzakadai seidzo munjodzi yemari ya2008 kana kuti mhinduro kuCHOVID-19, dzakaumba nzwisiso yavose nechiito chemitemo.
  • Control: Kupfurikidza nesimba rechikwama, Congress inotendera kana kuti inoramba kupa mari nokuda kwepurogiramu dzavakuru vakuru. Iri simba nenzira inoshanda zvikurusa kupfurikidza nokucheka, kunonozesa, kana kuti kuronga, Congress inogona kumanikidza masangano kuchinja kosi kana kuti mibato yakati. Hurumende Accounting Office (GAO) inobetsera kupfurikidza nokunzvera mari yomubatanidzwa.
  • Kusimbisa nokuranga: Dare rinosimbisa kuva purezidhendi nokuda kwenzvimbo dzapamusoro uye vatongi vehurumende. Uyu muitiro wokutsiva unovimbisa kuti vamanine vakwaniriswa uye vanozvidavirira kuCongress mukati menguva yavo yokutonga.
  • Munzveri mukuru:[[FLT: 1] Congress yakagadzwa Inspectory General (IGs) mumasangano mazhinjisa ehurumende samakwara akazvimirira. IGs inoshuma kuzvose zviri zviviri vakuru vesangano uye kuCongress, ichigovera kuyerera kunopfuurira kwemishumo yetarisiro nemhevedzo.
  • , Dare richiri kushandisa zvinodikanwa zvemitemo pakushuma, gadziriro dzezuva rokunyura, uye zvisarudzo zvokusatendera (muchikamu che ]INS v. Chadha [19983]) kupesvedzera kuisa mutemo wedare mudare.

Kuongorora kunoda nguva uye mari. Kuongorora mashandisirwo emari kunoda nguva shoma uye kusinganyanyi kudzokororwa. Saka kuti utarire zvakanaka zvinoda kubatana kwematurusi, kutungamirira kwedare kunoramba kuchiitwa, uye kushanda pamwe chete.

Kukosha Kwekero Nedzikamo

Pfungwa yokuongorora nokudzikamisa ndeyepakati peBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. kupfurikidza nokutarisira Bazu reGuru, Congress inovimbisa kuti hakuna bazu rimwe rehurumende rinova nesimba zvikuru. Iyi dzikamo inokosha mukudzivirira nheyo dzehurumende yedemocracy uye kuchengeta chivimbo chavose muhurumende. James Madison akapikisana naFederali N. 51 kuti "Kuda kudzora kunofanira kuitwa kuti kukurira chinzvimbo." Kushanda kwenheyo iyoyo: Congresssion, mutumbi wakasarudzwa une simba rawo, une zvose zviri zviviri sundo nechiremera chokudzivisa kudzora kudzora.

Kutarisira kunobatirawo basa rinokosha ramashoko. Congress haigoni kudzikamisa nenzira inobudirira pasina kunzwisisa kuti mitemo iripo iri kuitwa sei.Kunzwa uye kunzvera zvinozivisa miuyo isingakanwi, kukundikana kwehurumende, uye nzvimbo umo mutemo mutsva unodikanwa.

Nhoroondo: Nguva Huru Yokutarisirwa

Munhoroondo yose yeAmerica, pave pane nguva dzinokosha dzinosimbisa basa reDare mukutarisira Bazi Rinotungamirira.

  • Teapot Dome Scandal (1920s): [[FLT] Mutarisiri Thomas Walsh akatungamirira nzvero mukusatsanurwa kwapachivande kwenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mafuta mungarava kumakambani ehondo akavanzika. Kunzvera kwakaratidzira uori muUdzori Hunooma uye kwakaguma nokupwiswa kwoMunyori weInternational Albert Fall(h. mutezo wokutanga weKemishinari yakaiswa mutorongo nokuda kwemhosva muhofisi.
  • Truman-MacArthur Conflict (1951): Pashure pokunge Purezidhendi Truman apfura mutungamiriri wehondo Douglas MacArthur mukati meHondo yeKorea, Dare rakatonga kuti rinzvere mufambiro wehondo. Mitongo yakajekesa ukama hwehondo yavagari vemo ndokusimbisazve nheyo yokudzora kwechiuto.
  • Watergate (1973-74):[FLT] Nzvero mupunzi yeWatergate nebutiro rakatevera yakatungamirira kukutongwa kwenhau. Dare reDare reSatenatergate, rakatungamirirwa naSam Ervin, rakaratidzira mutoo wokubatwa zvisina kufanira uyo wakamanikidzira Purezidhendi Nixon kurega. Irori rinoramba riri muenzaniso wakatanhamara wokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo.
  • [Iran-Contra Affiir (1986-87): Dare rakanzvera kutengeswa kwezvombo zvakavanzika kuIran, mari yakaendeswa kuvapanduki veContra muNicaragua mukuputsa mutemo. Iran-Contatra yakafumura muitiro wokumwe mumvuri ndokutungamirira kuchinjo mukutarisira kwouchenjeri.
  • Insecosoppings Proceedings (1998, 2019-20): Kutendwa kwaMapurezidhendi Clinton naTrump kwakaratidza simba rapakupedzisira reCurmes rokuita kuti mukuru mukuru azvidavirire nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama. Kunyange zvazvo zvisina kuguma nokubviswa, miitiro yakaedza ganhuriro dzoutariri nokuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Zviitiko izvi zvinoratidza kuti apo Congress inoshandisa chiremera chayo nesimba, inogona kuongorora simba revakuru vakuru kunyange pamhepo dzakasimba dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Nzvero Dzoutariri Hwomubatanidzwa Wemisangano

Kuongorora nyaya dzakananga kunogona kuratidza kubudirira uye zvinetso zvokutarisira musangano.Nyaya imwe neimwe inoratidza simba rakasiyana - siyana(hwunoshatirwa, kukakavadzana kwepamutemo, uye basa remanyuko ezvinobudisa nhau.

Kuongorora Kwemvura: Muenzaniso Wekuongorora Kwebipartisan

Chinyadziso cheWatergate chakavamba sechinoputsa dzimbahwe reDemocratic National Committee asi nokukurumidza chakasvika mukushandisa zvisina kufanira simba. Dare Rokusarudza Dare paMibato yePurezidhendi, rakaiswa pasi pomubatanidzwa naSam Ervin (DNC), rakatungamirira nokunzwika kwapachivande kwavose kwavose. Zvapupu zvikuru, kubatanidza yaichimbova yaichimbova yapangiro yeHouse yeWhite Common John Dean, yakapupurira pamusoro pechifukicho. Basa redare, rakabatanidzwa nokunzvera chaiwo kwomuchuchi, kwakatungamirira kusunungurwa kwe “pfutimu yeBhovhovhovhovhor neNixon. Nhau yeWatergate inoratidza kuti dare ringaurire sei nenzira inoshanda zvinobudirira apo matare, subtena, uye rinotsigira pachena.

Iran-Contra Affier: Ungwaru Hunodzora Mumutoo Wokurovedza

Muna 1986, nhau dzakazivisa kuti vatarisiri veReagan vakanga vatengesa zvombo pachivande kuIran (vakarongwa somutsigiri wenyika wougandanga) kuti vachengete kusunungurwa kwavasungwa muLebanon. Migumisiro yacho ipapo yakaitirwa vapanduki veContra muNicaragua mukupesana nemitemo yokutsigira pamutemo. Hurumende yakapindura nokunzvera kwakaitwa neHouse and Sertagente Intelligence Committee komiti yakasarudzwa. Mirangariro yakaratidzira mubatanidzwa wemibato yemibato yepachisokopo yakaitwa neNational Security Council kunze kwemite. Chisakiso chacho chakaparira mhaka yokuparwa kwemhosva yavakuru vakuru vanoverengeka, kubatanidza Oliver North, uye yakatungamirira kukuumbwa kwechibvumirano kweIntelligience Act inoda kuziviswa kwezviito. Zvisinei, maPrezidhente aMarisa navanokamuramuranisa kudzoresa nokuda kwokuzvidavirira.

Trump Imperication: Kutarisira Munhambo Yakagadzirwa Nemhepo

Chitendero 2019 chokusatendeutswa kwaPurezidhendi Trump nokuda kwokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba nokudzorwa kweChibvumirano, chateverwa nokupesvedzera kwake kwechipiri kwokunyandura kumukira muna 2021, chakasimbisa kuti kupandukira kunogona sei kuumba utariri. Kubvunzurudza kwokutanga kwakavakirwa pakukumbira kwaTrump kuti Ukraine aongorore mukwikwikwidzani wowezvematongerwe enyika. Imba yakatungamirira ndokuvhota nyaya dzokusarutsira zvikurukuru pamwe chete nemativi ebato. Dare rakaguma nokusaidzwa nokuregeredzwa. Nenzira yakafanana, kudzorwa kwechipiri pashure pokudenha kwaJanuary 6 Capitol kwakaona chivhoti chomupiti asi Dare rokuvandika. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti apo kutarisira kunova kunova nechinotoko chikuru, kunogona kurasikirwawo nechitoko chokushandisa chombo. Kunyanguvezvo zvakadaro, vakasimbisazve kuti Congresssss anoramba simba rokuongorora simba uye anoongorora, kunyange kana zvichiringana nechinongova mugumisiro chezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kutarisira Kupindura kweCOVID - 19

Mukati medenda reCHOVAD, matare akawanda esangano. (ndangoni Ses Countrust Committee paCoronavirus Crisis) yakanyandura vadzori veTrump neBiden mhinduro. Kunzwa kwakanzvera kupera kwenzvero, kuvapo kwePPE, kuparadzirwa kwemishonga, uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemari. Idzi nhamburiko dzakatungamirira kukuzivikanwa kwekukundikana kwemitemo uye kubetsera kuumba mutemo weyamuro wakatevera. Zvisinei, kusabvumirana pamusoro pemipimo yenzvero neshambidzo dzevakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru kuti vapire kana kuti vagove kugovera mapepa. Dambudziro inowana kudikanwa kwemiitiro yokushanda zvakanaka, inosanokandwa inokwanisa kugadziridza kukurumidza njodzi.

Zvinetso Zvokutarisira Masangano

Kunyange zvazvo Dare rinotarisira Bazi Rinotungamirira, rine zvinetso zvakawanda zvinogona kuritadzisa kubudirira.

  • Parisanshi: Kuwedzera kwebatira pamwe yezvamatongerwe enyika kunogona kuganhurira batira pamwe yebipartisan iri madikanwa nokuda kwokutarisira kunobudirira. Apo zvigaro zvedare neImba yeWhite zviri mumapoka akasiyana, utariri hunogona kuva hudzore. Nenzira inopesana, hurumende yakabatana ingatungamirira kunzverwa kwapakarepo, sezvinooneka mukati medzoro dzapakuvamba apo Republican dzaidzora makamuri ose ari maviri uye kuzviisa pedyo napurezidhendi.
  • Ropafadzo Inoshanda: Mapurezidhendi angakumbira ropafadzo yavakuru vakuru yokunyima mashoko kuDare, vachidudza kudikanwa kwezano rakavanzika kana kuti chengeteko yenyika. Nepo ropafadzo yacho ine hwaro hwapamutemo, yakakudzwa mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya kuvhara zvinyorwa zvakawanda nouchapupu. Hondo pamusoro peropafadzo yechiremera dzinogona kunonotsa kunzvera kwemwedzi kana kuti makore, pane dzimwe nguva kupera bedzi nokutonga kwedare kungasapedza chose chose nharo.
  • Derects percentages: Matare eCongregational kazhinji kazhinji anoshaiwa pfuma navashandi vanodikanwa kuitisa nzvero huru. Chiverengero chavashandi venyanzvi pamatare anotarisira chakaderera pamusoro poukuru hwebazu guru. Mukuwedzera, matare anofanira kukwikwikwidza nokuda kwengwariro, bhajeti, uye nzvimbo dzedare. Dare reMaakaundi yeMashefu nebetsero dzeHurumende dzinobetsera, asi haagoni kutsiva tarisiro yedare rinodenha.
  • Mibato yebazu yazvino uno yeOpaque Agency Operations:[ Mibato yavakuru vakuru yazvino uno yakakura uye yakaoma. Nhau yezvirongwa ine zviuru zvemirau, inodzora bhajeti huru, uye inoshanda munharaunda dzemiitiro yakarovedzeka. Hurumende inowanzorwisa kuramba ichifamba, ichivimba nezvikamu zviduku nezvinzwi zvinoganhurirwa izvo zvinofukidza chikamu chiduku bedzi chebasa.
  • [[FT:0] Kukunda Kufuridza: Nepo varidzi veridzo vachikosha nokuda kwokufukunura zvinetso, kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nokutsiva. Dare rapamberi pemitemo seWhistlecuper Protection Act, asi kuchengetwa kunoramba kusina kufanira. Kushaikwa kwomukoto wakachengeteka weziviso kunogona kuodza mwoyo va mukati kubva kukuenda mberi.
  • Mashoko okunyanyova nokutevedzerwa: Munhambo yenhau dzamaawa 24 nezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga, kunzvera kwesangano kukwikwidzana nokuda kwengwariro yavose. Kunzwa kwokunze kunogona kupfupika nezvimwe zvinoitika, kuchideredza dzvinyiriro pamukuru mukuru kuti ateerere. Uyezve, vanobudisa nhau vangaumba mibato yokutarisira sedenho dzechitsaru panzvimbo pecheki dzapamutemo, kubvisa chivimbo chavanhu vose.

Kuti ugadzirise zvinetso izvi zvinoda zvose zviri zviviri kuchinja zvinhu uye kuchinja kwetsika kuenda kukutanga kuzvidavirira kupfuura betsero dzinobatanidzwa.

Nguva Yemberi Yokutarisirwa Nemagungano

Kubudirira kweutariri uhwu kuchaenderana nokuda kwevose kuti vade kuzvidavirira uye kuoneka muhurumende, kunyange kana zvisiri nyore kutungamirira zvamatongerwe enyika.

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvichaumba nguva yemberi youtariri: kushandiswa kunowedzera kwemirairo yavakuru vakuru kufuratira Congress, kuoma kwegadziriro yekombiyuta neruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kuwedzera kwebasa rehurumende, uye kugona kwenhau dzerwisano dzinoda kufarirwa mumhoteredzo yapashure pekuchinja. Dare rinofanira kuchinja maturusi aro nemazano kuti zvirambe zviripo.

Kuchinja Kungaitwa

Kuti vasimbise kutarisira, nyanzvi nevagadziri vemitemo vakakarakadza kuchinja kwakasiyana - siyana:

  • Kubatanidza Bipartisan Babyse: Kugadzira matare anotarisira kana kuti kuraira vashandi vebipartis nokuda kwenzvero dzakati kunogona kuderedza mativi ose ari maviri kubvumirana pamirau mikuru nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvechinyorwa nechipupuriro.
  • Kuwanda kwePfuma neResources: Congress inofanira kugovera mari yakawanda nokuda kwavashandi vedare, zvikurukuru nokuda kwounyanzvi hwokunzvera. Congregational Backebral Office, Government Accounting Office, uye Congregational Research Service Service inoda tsigiro inopfuurira kugovera kunzvera kwokuzvimirira.
  • Kuisa Mirayiridzo Yenhungamiro Paropafadzo Inodzora: Dare raigona kupfuudza mutemo unonyatsojekesa ukuru hweropafadzo yehurumende uye kuraira mhinduro dzakakodzera kuvanapupukeni. Kutanga muitiro wokutonga nokukurumidza nokuda kwekakavadzano kwaizodzivisa makore okunonoka.
  • Dziviriro dzinosimbisa Whistlevurer: dzichiwedzera mikoto yakachengeteka nokuvimbisa kuzvimirira kwaVanzveri General kunogona kukurudzira vanopinda mukati kushuma kusazvibata pasina rutyo. Tuso nokuda kwokuzivisa mashoko anokosha dzinogonawo kuva mutariri.
  • Kuronga Utariri Hwenguva dzose: Dare rimwe nerimwe ringadikanwa kubudisa purogiramu youtariri yegore negore, kuziva nhau nesangano. Ikoku kungawedzera kujeka nesumo.
  • Technology: Kushandisa mashoko kutsika yesangano nokuziva zvinoshanda zvinogona kuwedzera mitoo yokutarisira yegamuchidzanwa. Masangano anofanira kuisa mari mumaturusi emichina nokuda kwokutarisirwa nokuongororwa.

Kuchinja uku hakusi kwokungotaura zvose, asi kunomiririra mavambo okuva nechokwadi chokuti Dare rinogona kuita mabasa aro ebumbiro remitemo muzana remakore rechi21.

mhedziso

Kubva pamavambiro avatungamiriri venhau dzakakura dzeAmerica, kutarisira kwave kuri iko kunokosha pakuparadzana kwemasimba. Mazano okunzwa, kuongorora, kuronga, uye kusimbisa kupa matare maturusi okuongorora simba rehurumende, asi anoshanda sezvinodiwa pakushandisa simba rehurumende. Saizvozvo, kutungamirira kwapanyika, kuisa pfungwa panzvimbo yehurumende, kunofanira kugadziriswa uye kusimbiswa kuti dare rikwanise kutungamirira vanhu. Hurumende inozokwanisa kugadzirisa masangano acho kana kuzova nesimba rokutungamirira.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, ona [[FLT: 0] Konsole. gov database yemitemo, Office yeKuzvidavirira [ nokuda kwokunzvera uye mishumo, [[FLT:] Dare reNhevedzo] reProtoundi yemitemo, uye [[FLT:] [FLT] Conil ye [[FT] Associor General pa Trisone uye Evolution nokuda kwokutarisira.]