Gadziriro yechekedzo nedzikamo ikokukamuranisa kwebumbiro remitemo, ichivimbisa kuti hakuna bazu rimwe rehurumende rinounganidza simba risingadzorwi. Yakabva muuzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweChenjere uye hwakabatanidzwa muBumbiro reMitemo reU., iyi miitiro yakachengeta kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kwenhau kwamazana maviri amakore. Kupfurikidza nokuparadzira chiremera pakati pomutemo, mukuru mukuru, uye mapazu edare, uye kupa rimwe nerimwe mano okudzivisa vamwe, kunzvera nedzikamo inodzivirira maruramiro avanhu vamwe navamwe, kusimudzira, uye kudzivisa kuderera muudzvinyiriri. Iyi nyaya inonzvera nheyo dzenhau, gadziriro dzinoshanda, dzidzo dzapanguva inotevedzana, zvinetso, uye ukoshi hunogara hwourwu gadziriro runako rwamakuru.

Mavambo Emaongororo uye Kudzikama

Manyuko okunzvera nokudzikama zvefungidziro anosvika shure kuvafungi vakakurumbira vakadai saAristotle, uyo akanyevera nezvengozi dzesimba guru mu yake. Kunyange zvakadaro, akanga ari muzivi weFurwa weNjereso yeFrance Baron de Montesquieu uyo akagovera mapurani anopesvedzera zvikurusa mubasa rake ra 1748 [[FLT]] Mudzimu weMitemo . Montesquieu yaisimbisa kuti rusununguko rungagona kuvimbiswa bedzi apo chibvumirano, mukuru, uye mabasa okutonga ehurumende zvakanga zvaparadzaniswa uye zvakachengetwa masimba ose akasiana kuti aonekwe vamwe. Mitengo yake yakaumba zvakananga kurongwa kwemitemo yeU., sezvakanyorwa naJames Revicens.

John Locke, imwe shongwe yeNzwisiso, akagovera mufungo webvumirano yenzanga umo pamutemo wehurumende inotsamira pakubvuma kwedzorwa noruremekedzo nokuda kwekodzero dzomusikirwo. Vavambi veAmerica vakabatanidza iyi mifungo noruzivo rwavo vamene rwokuva mudzori kuti vavambe republic umo chinzvimbo chaizokurira gwinyiro. Seizvo Madison akatsanangura nenzira yakakurumbira muFederalist No. 51, "Kudai vanhu vaiva ngirozi, hapana hurumende yaizova iri madikanwa. Kudai ngirozi dzaifanira kudzora vanhu, kwete kudzorwa kwokunze kana kwomukati pahurumende kwaizova kuri madikanwa. Nokudaro gadziriro yezve neganhuriro yemigogogo kuchimiro chomunhu chakasiyana - siyana chaizoita kuti mapazi agone kuva ane mutoro mumwe nomumwe, kunyange apo kunaka kwapachena kwapachena kwaishata.

Kuongorora Uye Kudzikamisa Kunoita Hurumende yeUnited States

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinosimbisa mapazi matatu akaenzana, rimwe nerimwe rine masimba akarongwa neganhuriro dzakajeka.

Kuongorora Mutezo Padare

Congress ine simba rechikwama nesimba rokuzivisa hondo, ichipa pesvedzero huru pamusoro pechiito choutungamiriri. Inogona kukurira zvirongwa zvapurezidhendi nevoruzhinji vane mativi maviri mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, ibvumira kana kuti kuramba kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano (Sanate), uye kutanga kuranga kurwisana napurezidhendi, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokuteerera nokunzvera, Congress anotarisira masangano evakuru vakuru uye anoraira kuzvidavirira. Mukuwedzera, bazu remitemo rinogona kuisa mitemo inoganhurira kuvhotera dare ravakuru vakuru, uye zano redare redare redare uye basa rinotambanurira kuvatongi vehurumende nemitezo yedare.

Nzvero Dzomutemo Pajeri

Congress inosarudza chirongwa noukuru hwematare ehurumende, kunze kwedare gurusa rimene. Inogona kukarakadza kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kwaizochinja rondedzero dzedare, uye ine simba rokudzosa ndokubvisa vatongi vehurumende nokuda kwe "Crimes dzapamusoro neMisdemears". Dare rinosimbisawo kuva purezidhendi kujudiary, richigadza museve weanodudzira mutemo. Uyezve, Congress inogona kuchinja ukuru hweDare Gurusa, kunzvera kuti nhau yakangoshandiswa bedzi asi inorambawo tyisidziro ine simba kukuzvimirira mutongi.

Mukuru Mukuru Anoongorora Bazi Rine Mitemo

Purezidhendi anogona kuisa mutemo unopiwa neCongress, achimanikidza vaiti vemitemo kuunganidza pfungwa huru yokugadza mutemo. Purezidhendi anewo simba rokugadza Congress nokuda kwemarusando chaiwo uye kubatira dare kana makamuri maviri asingagoni kubvumirana musi. Kupfurikidza nezvirevo uye zviziviso zvavakuru vakuru, purezidhendi anogona kutungamirira masangano ehurumende kuti ashandise mutemo uripo mumiganhu yemitemo /a iyo pane dzimwe nguva inoisa muganhu wemitemo. Pakupedzisira, purezidhendi ane simba rokukanganwira, rinogona kushandiswa kunzvera mutevedzeri wedare kana kuti kugovera ganhuriro.

Mukuru Mukuru Anoongorora Pajeri

Purezidhendi anodudza vatongi vose vomubatanidzwa, kubatanidza vatongi veDare Rapamusoro, vanoremekedzerwa neDare.Ikoku kunopa pesvedzero huru pabazu rinotonga nenhungamiro yepfungwa dzedare. Purezidhendiwo ane simba rokushandisa (kana kuti kuramba kumanikidzirwa) dare, kunyange zvazvo kuramba kwenguva dzose kwaizoputsa basa remitemo. Kupfurikidza neBato reRuramisiro, mukuru mukuru anogona kuronga nhau dzapamutemo ndokuitisana nharo pamberi pematare, kutsinhira tsinhiro dzedare.

Kutonga Kunonzvera Mapazi Ane Mutemo Neane Simba

Dare rapamusoro namatare ehurumende akaderera ane simba rokunzvera kwokutonga,() chiremera chokuzivisa mitemo nezviito zvokutungamirira zvisiri zvehurumende. Simba iri rakatangwa muchiratidzo Marbury v. Madison[. Nokuongorora kwokutonga, matare anogona kuderedza mitemo inopfuudzwa neCongress, kubvisa mitemo yevakuru vakuru, uye kudzosa mitemo yehurumende. judicariary inoshanda somugadziri wekupedzisira werevo yapamutemo, kunyange zvazvo zvisarudzo zvawo zvichigona kubviswa nebumbiro remitemo kana kuti kuchinjwa kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvitsva.

Vatongi vehurumende vanobatira kugadza kwoupenyu hwose, vachivadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika mukati menhambo yavo. Uku kuzvimirira kunovabvumira kududzira mutemo pasina rutyo rwokutsiva, asi kunorevawo kuti chinjo muuzivi hwokutonga dzinoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Muitiro wokusimbisa umene unobatira senzvero pakuzvimirira ikoko, uchivimbisa kuti vaminenzvi vanotsigirwa nokuda kwokukwanisa neperero.

Kupindirana Nesimba Revha

Hurumende inoita kuti pave novhoti mbiri-tatu mudzimba dzose. Apo Congress inopfuura chibvumirano, purezidhendi angachisaina, achichirega, kana kuti kuchibvumira kuva mutemo pasina kusaina pashure pemazuva gumi (kuwedzera Svondo). Aveto inogona kushatiswa nevhoti mbiri-tatu mudzimba dzose. Roosebate inoderedza kuwirirana. Kana Congress ichibatanidza nguva yezuva gumi, "pocket" inoshanda, uye mutemo wacho unofa pasina kudzorerwa. Mutevero uyu wakashandiswa napurezidhendi ari wose, naFranklin D. Rovelttoing 635 (inenge) mingava miduku. Simba rinosunda kusimudzira kudzodzodzodzo, kupfuudzira kurwisana nokudzora kwechiuto.

Kuongorora Mhaka Kwenhau: Kuongorora uye Kudzikama Kunoshanda

Nhoroondo yeAmerica inogovera mienzaniso yakawanda yokuongorora uye kudzikamisa kushanda kwakagadzirwa, dzimwe nguva mudzvinyiriro huru.

Marbury kana kuti Madison (1803)

Mutongi mukuru John Marshall, akanyora nokuda kweDare redare guru, akazivisa kuti mutemo wakaitwa naMarbury pasi porunyararo naPurezidhendi John Adams mumaawa okupedzisira okutarisira kwake. Apo purezidhendi mutsva, Thomas Jefferson, akaramba kupa dare racho, Marbury heed. Mutongi mukuru John Marshall, achinyorera Dare guru, akazivisa kuti mutemo wakaitwa naMarbury pasi pawo wakanga usina kutongwa nedare, nokudaro achisimbisa chiremera cheDare rokupedzisa mabasa okutonga. Marshall akadzivisa nokuchenjera kurwisana nomukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru kupfurikidza nokutonga kuti Dare rakanga risina simba, asi mukuita kudaro akabatanidza dare rejudicariary sebazi raiwirira pane chirevo chokupedzisira parevo yokupedzisira. Ichi chinoramba chiri chimwe chechisarudzo chikuru chemitemo yedare muAmerica.

Kudzidza kwaAndrew Johnson (1868)

Pashure peHondo yeChiviri cheMadokero, Purezidhendi Johnson akabonderana naRadical Republicans muCongress pamusoro pomuitiro wokugadziridza. Congress yakapfura Tenure of Office Act muna 1867, kuganhurira mano aJohnson okubvisa mitezo yedare pasina tendero yeDare. Johnson akazvidza mutemo kupfurikidza nokupfura Munyori weWar Edwin Stanton, achinyandura kusava kwake netauriro neImba yeVamiririri. Dare rakavanza rimwe dare rakaratidzira kudisa kwaCongress kushandisa kunzvera somupurisatori wedare. Johnson akaratidzawo kuti kubviswa kwake kunoda kubviswa pedyo nesensius, kuchidzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwesimba.

Ramgate (1972 - 1974)

Watergate inoramba iri muenzaniso unoshamisa zvikurusa wazvino uno wechekeso nedzikamo. Pashure pokuputsika padzimbahwe reDemocratic National Committee, Purezidhendi Richard Nixon akaedza kuvanza kubatanidzwa kweWhite House. Congress akatanga kunzvera, uye Dare Gurusabvunzi rakabvumirana kuraira Nixon kusunungura matepi eOval Office mu United States v. Nixon[FL:1] [1976]). Kutarisana pedyo nechetenzika nokubviswa, Nixon akabudamo. Demond purezidhendi wokutanga akasimbisa sei kuti mudhisiti wemabhaisiti, judicari yakasununguka, uye dare rinotarisirwa rinogona kubatanidza kuva nomuteshinari webasa, kunyange apo hofisi wehurumende yakakwirira zvikuru munyika.

Kuongorora kwaPurezidhendi Clinton (1998 - 1999)

Purezidhendi Bill Clinton akashorwa neImba nokuda kwekukanganisa uye kudzongonyedzwa kweruramisiro zvine chokuita nenhau yake naMonica Lewinsky. Dare, pashure pokutonga, rakakundikana kuisa mhaka zvikuru pambiri dzinodikanwa nedzitatu. Uyu muuyo wakaratidzira kuti kunyengera chishandiso chezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete chapamutemo chete, uye kuti Dare rinoshanda secherekedzo pazvishuvo zveNzvimbo. Chinoitikawo chakasimbisa basa rakakomba romurangariro wavose nerezvinobudisa nhau mukuumba murangariro wetsika dzavakuru vakuru.

Gakava ReNew Deart - Post Court (1937)

Purezidhendi Franklin Roosevelt, akavhiringidzwa nezvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa zvakaputsa mutemo weNew Declaret, akakarakadza gadziriro yokuwedzera kumitemo mitsva mitanhatu kuDare(imogaro yoga yoga yeruramisiro inopfuura makore 70 akanga abatira makore gumi. Gadziriro yacho yakaonekwa zvikuru sedenho pakuzvimirira kwedare. Chirongwa chakairamba, uye kunyange Roosevelt yebato amene yakakanganiswa. Zvisinei, tyisidziro yacho ingave yakapesvedzera kutsigira kwapashure kweDare kutsigira mitemo mitsva yeSangano. Iyi inobatira senyevero pamusoro pokuti kuedza kwokuputsa kuzvitonga kwesimba kana kuti kuisa pamutemo kunogona kukanganisa muganhu wesimba, kunyange apo vavariro yacho pachakakurumbira.

Kukosha Kwekero uye Kudzikamisa Zvinhu

Gadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo haisati ichingova zvayo nheyo yebumbiro remitemo risiri rechokwadi; ine tapuro chaidzo pakudzora norusununguko.

Kudzivirirwa Kwoudzvinyiriri

Donzo gurusa rechero nedzikamo nderokudzivisa bazu rimwe ripi neripi kudzora mamwe. Kupfurikidza nokushongedzera bazi rimwe nerimwe nezvose zviri zviviri kurudziro nemidziyo kudzivisa vanyengeri, gadziriro inokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru nokuda kwechiremera kubata udzori. Hapana purezidhendi anogona kuzivisa hondo pasina nguva imwe, hapana dare rinogona kuita kuti kutonga kwaro kuitwe pasina batira pamwe yavakuru, uye hakuna Dare rinogona kudzora pasina siginicha yapurezidhendi kana kuti mutungamiriri mukuru mukuru mukuru wokudzora. Uku kuoma kwesimba imhaka huru yeUnited States yakadzivisa kuderera muudzori hunooneka mumamwe marudzi akawanda.

Kudzivirirwa Kwekodzero Dzemunhu Mumwe Nomumwe

Nzvero nedzikamo zvinodzivirira zvakananga vagari vemo kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoitwa, inomanikidzirwa, uye inodudzirwa nokungwarira. Chinodikanwa chetendero yebujaral remitemo, purezidhendi vhato, uye hwirudzuro yokutonga zvose zvinobatira semhinganidzo dzokukurumidzisa kana kuti kudzvinyirira mitemo. Somuenzaniso, vatongi vanogona kuputsa mitemo inoputsa kutaura kwakasununguka kana kuti rusununguko rworudzidziso, nepo mukuru mukuru mukuru achigona kuramba kugombedzera mitemo isingabvumirwi. Gadziridziridzo yekodzero dzevomupidhi kupfurikidza nokumanikidza mapoka mazhinji kuti adzikamise zvikumbiro zvavo kuwana tendero yakabva kumamwe mapazu.

Kuzvidavirira Nokuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Bazu rimwe nerimwe rinogona kuita kuti vamwe vazvidavirire kupfurikidza nokutarisira, kurongeka, hwirudzuro, uye mutoo wokusimbisa. Kutongwa kwedare, mishumo yose, uye vachuchisi vakazvimirira (sezvipo zvavo) zvitange kuzvidavirira kunofumura kusazvibata. Sangano yacho inodawo kurukurirano yapakati nepakati (yakadai sekero yeState of the Union), kuzviisa pasi kwemari, uye zvikumbiro zvetsika nokuda kwamashoko (inokurudzira kujeka nokunzvera kwapachena).

Kurudziro Yokuzvidira Nokubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira

Nemhaka yokuti hakuna bazu rinogona kuita rimene pazvinhu zvakawanda, tsika inosunda kurukurirano, kuwirirana, uye kubvumirana. Mutemo unofanira kupfuura makamuri ose ari maviri eCongress, kupukunyuka hwirudzuro yapurezidhendi, uye kukurira denho yebumbiro remitemo. Uyu muitiro wokubvisa murairo, nepo pane dzimwe nguva uchinonoka uye unokangaidza, masimba akasiana - siana anofanira kunzwiwa. Muuyo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji unova wakatsiga zvikuru uye unogamuchirika zvikuru kupfuura waizobuda mutsika yomutemo mukurusa.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino Kugadziriro Yacho

Pasinei nokuti zvinhu zvinoramba zvichigadzirisika, kuongorora uye kudzikama kunotarisana nematambudziko akakura munguva yazvino uno.

Kupererwa Nemvura Yakawanda uye Kuwedzera Kwemadhaka

Mapazu anowedzera kudzorwa nemapoka anopesana, zvichitungamirira kukuva vatsigiri vamagariro, kunonozeka, uye kuoma kwemitemo. Dare reSamen filbuster, rakamboshandiswa kashoma, razova mhinganidzo yenguva dzose, zvichiita kuti kuve kwakaoma kupfuudza kunyange mutemo mukuru. Munguva ino, miitiro isina kunyorwa yakadai se “bhuluep" yokutonga maminine kana kuti tsika dzapurezidhendi pamusoro pechiito chehondo dzakapera. 2016 Supreme Court of Merrick Garland yakavharwa gore rimwe nerimwe neRepublican-gean , nepo 2020 nonognetic of Amy Conney Barretts yakamhanya mumavhiki ose pamberi pokuchinja kutekisirororo dzinoruramiswa "gore rino."

Kunyanyodzora Uye Kuita Zvisina Kurongwa

Purezidhendi wemativi ose ari maviri vakawedzera kushandiswa kwemirairo yavakuru vakuru, zvibvumirano zvevakuru vakuru, uye kuisa mitemo yokudzosa kudarika Congress. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Barack Obama’s Defered Action for Childhoows (DACA) Purezidhendi Donald Trump akarambidza kufamba, uye Purezidhendi Joe Biden chikwereti chavadzidzi chokukanganwira chikwereti chemariro yomutemo uye kuranga kwedare kwakaedza miganhu yesimba rehurumende. Dare Rapamusoro mu Trump v. United States[FLT:] 2024]

Kutonga uye Kuitisana Nharo Kwepakutanga

Vatongi vamene vakatarisana nepomero dzavakunyengedzeri. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mamwe matare, zvikurukuru Dare Rapamusorosa munhau dzakafanana ne Dobts v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization [2022]) anoputsa [[[FLT]] Revoe v. Kuranga [[FLT], kwakaisa kududzirwa kwemitemo kwapabumbiro remitemo kwakashatisa miganhu mirefu. Vamwe vanoomerera kuti vatongi vanofanira kushandisa kudzora nokuzviisa pasi pemapazu. Gakava rekugara remitemo harina kugadzikiswa, uye kugadzwa kweruramisiro kupfurikidza nomuitiro wedare. Apo Dare rinorangarira Dare somurwi warongeri wezvamatongerwe enyika rinoshatsa simba, iro rinoderedza simba raro mune mamwe mabazu.

Kutyisidzira Kurusununguko Rwokutonga

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, dzimwe nhamba dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakakarakadza kufutunura Dare Rapamusorosoro, ganhuriro dzenhambo, kana kuti kubvisa matare ehurumende ehurumende pamusoro penhau dzakati. Nepo idzodzi dziri nzvero dzemitemo yemitemo murondedzero, ivo vanozviisa mungozi kushandiswa kuranga kana kuti kutyisidzira vatongi nokuda kwemitemo isingafarirwi. Rutyo rwedare, kunyange zvazvo rusati rwazivikanwa, rwazova musoro unodzokororwazve muhondo dzokusimbisa. Pamwe mwero wehurumende, dzimwe matare akatyisidzira kubvisa ruramisiro yedare yapamusoro - soro pashure pezvisarudzososo zvinotenderwa kana kuti kubvisa mimba. Kuchengeta kuzvimirira kwokutonga kunokosha kuchengetedza muganhuriro yesimba.

Kusimbisa Makemikari Nedzikamo Zvenguva Yemberi

Hapana mutemo wakakwana, uye chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kushanda kuti chichengetedze masangano anodzivirira rusununguko.

Kudzorera Dzikamo Yomutemo

Dare raigona kudzorazve chiremera charo kupfurikidza nokusimbisa miitiro yokutarisira, kuisa gadziriro dzokunyura kwezuva pamirairo yavakuru vakuru, uye kuganhurira kushandiswa kwamasimba ekurumidziro. Consitution inopa Congress simba rechikwama; vagadziri vemitemo vanofanira kusimbisa simba iroro kupfurikidza nemirauriro ine udzame neganhuriro yakafara yechiremera kumukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende. Chinodikanwa cheChibvumirano cheCongress chokubvumira chiito chipi nechipi chehondo chisingaperi mazuva anopfuura 60, kupfuura chiRevolegiedzo yeHondo iripo, chingasimbisa kuparadza masimba ehondo.

Kubvisa Kugadzwa Kwokutonga

Zvikarakadzo zvemirairo inokatyamadzwa nokuda kwemirairo yeDare Gurusa, mazera okurega basa akafanira, kana kuti kusimbiswa kusingatsivi zvakakurukurwa. Nepo imwe neimwe inouya nezvokutengeserana, nharidzano ndeyokuderedza zvimiro zvakakwirira zvezviito, izvo zvinodzora zvinotsiva zvose. judicial Conference of the United States yakatsigira kuzvimirira kwezvigaro zvejasticary kubva muzvirongwa zvamatongerwe enyika. Chinjo ipi neipi inofanira kugadzirirwa kuchengetedza kuzvimirira kwoupenyu kwose nepo inopfuudza zvikurusa.

Kupesvedzera Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka Netsika

Dare rinofanira kusimbisa mitemo yokuzivisa nokuda kwokupesvedzera, mari yenhimbe, uye rwisano dzapurezidhendi dzefariro. Mitumbi yetsika yeependent, kufanana neHofisi yeProsalgional Ethics, inofanira kudzivirirwa pakushatisa. Nenzira yakafanana, Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa rinofanira kugamuchira bumbiro remitemo rinosungisa rokudzora kuziviswa kwemitemo nedzemari. Izvi zvitendo zvingawedzera chivimbo chavose uye kuita kuti tsika ive inozvidavirira zvikuru.

Kudzivirira Kutonga kwoMutemo

Mapurezidhendi navatungamiriri vedare vanofanira kuremekedza mirau yedare kunyange apo vasingabvumirani. Kutevera [[FLT: 0] Chirevo kunoreva kunamatira kumiitiro yebumbiro remitemo, kubatanidza chitsama chemitemo, simba, uye dzidziso yedare. Vatungamiriri vanofanira kudzivirira pachena iyi tsika pakutyisidzira kana kuti kuisa dare panze. dzidzo, kubatanidza kudzidzisa Mapepa echitupa, kubatanidza mashoko okunyoresa, muzvikoro, zvinobetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa ukoshi hwechekedzo nechiyero uye ganhuriro uye vanovapa simba rokuvatendisa kutevedzerwa kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.

Pakupedzisira, nzvimbo yehurumende yehurumende yeUnited States inopa kupetwa kwakajeka kwenzira iyo bazu rimwe nerimwe rinonzvera nayo rimwe. Kunzwisisa iyi miitiro inhano yokutanga kukuichengeta.

mhedziso

Mitemo yenhau haisi chinhu chisaririra chezana ramakore rechigumi namasere. Inoramba iri gadziriro inokosha, inorarama inotanhamisa kushanda kwehurumende yazvino uno. Kupfurikidza nokuparadzira simba nokuda batira pamwe yeinterbranch, tsika inodzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu, inodzivisa kuiswa kwechiremera, uye tyisidziro dzenhau dzekuzvidavirira pamwero uri wose. Mienzaniso yenhau (58) kubva ku Marbury v. Madison kuWatergate kusvikira kuzuva razvino. Madineasting inosimbisa kuti tsika inoshanda, asi kana bedzi vatungamiriri navagari vemo vakaremekedza mitemo yayo. Somugatesi, kudzoro, uye tyisidziro kukuva norusununguko kutongwa nemitemo inotonga inokura. Hurudzo inotsamira pahurumende yakadzikama inokura.