Chitanga: Kuunganidza Vanhu Kunoenderera Mberi

Michina yehurumende ndiyo chishandiso chikuru icho nzanga inoita zvisarudzo zvakabatana uye inoita denho dzinopfuura ukuru hwebhizimisi ripi neripi kana kuti romunhu oga. Kubva pakuvimbisa chengeteko yenyika nokuchengeta mari yakatsiga kuvaka masangano okufambisa nokupindura kuzvirwere, basa rehurumende mukupedza zvinetso zvavose nderehwakavakirwa kuupenyu hwazvino uno. Zvinetso zvavose ndezvokusikwa, zvakaoma, uye zvinoda mhinduro inotsinhiraniswa inogona bedzi kurongwa mumasangano avose. Masangano aya anoshanda pasi pechibvumirano chenzanga, achiwana chiremera kubva mukubvumira kwezvidzorwa kuita chiito mufariro yavose. Nyaya inonzvera miitiro yazvo, ruramiso, uye miitiro yokuziva, kutanga, uye kugadziridza, kupedza zvinetso zvikuru zvenguva yedu.

Kurevererwa Kwenhanho Dzehurumende

Kunzwisisa chikonzero nei hurumende dzichiva nenzvimbo yakasiyana yokupedza zvinetso zvakati kunoda kunzvera ganhuriro dzemisika nechiito chavanhu.

Zvinhu Zvinotengeswa Nevanhu Vose Zvinokundikana

Panzvimbo pezvisarudzo zvemari nokuda kwehurumende ipfungwa yokukundikana. Vatengesi vanokwanisa kugovera zvinhu zvakawanda zvakavanzika, asi vanokundikana apo kunouya ku zvinhu zvepachena. Izvi zvinhu zvisati zviri zvinhu zvemari (zvisingachinjiki zvomunhu mumwe) uye zvisingashaikwi (zvisingabviri kana kuti zvisingakoshi kudzivisa mumwe munhu kuzvishandisa kunyange kana vasingabhadhari). Kudzivirira kweNational, mhepo yakachena, mazasitiri, uye kunzvera kwapakuvamba kwesayenzi mienzaniso yakakurumbira. Nemhaka yokuti makambani okuzvigovera haagoni kuderedza zviri nyore kuwana mari nokuda kwemitengo, zvinodzorwa nokutengeswa, zvinomanikidzirwa nehurumende mumitengo.

Nenzira yakafanana, [FLT]] .Mazamu kana kuti betsero dzinoiswa pabato rechitatu kupfurikidza netengesi yezvemari(require ruramiso yehurumende. Kushatisa ichetura yapamberi penyika yakashata; fekitari inokuvadza nemicheto inoita kuti utano hwavanhu hushande uye mhoteredzo isingaratidzirwi mumutengo wezvinhu zvayo. Muchinoitika chino, murairo, mitero, kana kuti gadziriro dzechipameso nedzepashure ishamiseidzo inoita kuti mari iyoyo ive. Njodziro nenho dzinoparira kuvadziko dzokunze dzinobetsera nokugadzira mabasa anobereka zvakanaka zvikuru nenzanga ine utano. Hurumende inodzosera negadziriro dzavose dzemabasa aya dzinobetsera vanhu nebetsero yenzanga dzose, dzinobatsira nzanga dzose dzinobetsera nzanga dzakapararira.

Kururamisira, Kururamisira Munzanga, uye Satimende

Kupfuure nokubudirira kwezvemari, chirevo chikuru chehurumende kurondwa kwemitero inodzorwa. Vatengesi vanoparadzira zvinhu zvakavakirwa pakubudirira nokuda, asi vanogona kuparira mwero yekusaenzana kwemipimo yenzanga inoderedza mwero yenzanga yokubatana nedzehurumende. Kusiiwa chose chose kumutsa, zvinodikanwa zvikuru sezvokudya, pokugara, uye kurapa zvinogona kushaikwa nokuda kwevagari vemo vasina kudzivirirwa zvikurusa. Kupindira kwehurumende kupfurikidza nokubhadhara mitero inofambira mberi, mapurogiramu enzanga, dzidzo yenzanga, uye gadziriro dzezvoutano kuvavarira kuparira mwero mukuru wokutamba. Uyu mubato wokuzvirongwa zvokuzvinyimatambira mumibato seRugare, inhoshoresaro, uye kurasika kwezvirongwa zvechito, kana kuti kurasikirwa nechirwere, kurasikirwa nemutengo.

Zvishandiso Zvikuru Zvokushanda Kwehurumende

Mano okubhadhara mutero, kudzora, kudzika mitemo, uye kubudisa mari anogovera matura ane simba okugadzirisa zvinetso zvevanhu.

Kugadza Mitemo uye Kugadza Mitemo

Mitemo itsananguro dzenheyo dzetsika dzavose. Muitiro wokutanga mutemo unobatanidza kuongorora chinetso, kunzvera zvigadzikiso zvingabvira, kubvunza nyanzvi nevanopa miganhu, uye kutaurirana mashoko erugwaro rwokupedzisira. Iyi nzira yemitemo inoitika mumitumbi seUnited States Congress, masangano ezvirongwa zvehurumende, uye madare eguta. Kurongwa kwemitemo kunoshanda kunotsamira pamashoko akakwirira, kuongorora kwokuoma kwakakomba (zvakadai sokuongorora kunoitwa nemitumbi seCongregalsion Bacrobhal Office), uye mano okuvaka mibatanidzwa. Mitemo inovapo inogadza zvinangwa zvorudzi, kuisa mipiro, kuisa mipiro, kubvumira kuronga, uye kubvumira kuti zviite zvinhu. Kubva kuSair - Air Act kusvika kuAfford Carence Act, mutemo unoita chirongwa chehurumende.

Kudzorerwa Nokumanikidzwa

Kudzosera ibasa iro masangano ebazu makuru anoita naro mitemo ine udzame yokushandisa nokushandisa zvinangwa zvakafara zvakaiswa mumutemo. Ikoku kunowanzonongedzerwa se "kugadzira pamutemo. Kudzorwa kwakafanana neNdengedzo yeNdengedzo yeProviationationation Agency (EPA), Occupational Safety and Health Ad Administration (OSA), uye Food ne Drug Administration (Frac) zvinoda yezvokuronga (Fractal) mipimo yezvoruzivo rwemari mumiitiro yebhizimisi nevagari vemo yezvizvarwa zvinofanira kutevera. Somuenzaniso, EPA inogadza ganhurira pamwero yesimba rakananga simba rakananga simba rokuvhotera. Pasi pezvirongwa zvakasimba. Naizvozvo, Hurumende dzinoongorora, njodzi dzinodzorwa nokuda kwokuputsa kuparadzwa kwechirongwa, uye kugadzira bhizimisi remarikero, kazhinji kachoto. Zviidzo zvinogona kutongedzerwa mumiramiramiramira miteo yavose.[Fodt]

Gadziriro Yakananga Yebasa

Munharaunda dzakawanda, hurumende haingodzori bedzi mubato; ibasa rinodhura iro makambani anodzora mabasa anokosha. Irori rinozivikanwa munharaunda umo musika usingabviri kubatira munhu ari wose zvakaenzana kana kuti kumupimo unodikanwa. United States Postal Service (USPS), somuenzaniso, kuendesa tsamba kukero iri yose munyika, basa rinodhura iro makambani akavanzika anowanzodzivisa. Zvikoro zvavose zvinogovera dzidzo kuvana vose, pasinei zvapo nemari yavabereki vavo kana nzvimbo. Kudzika kwamakambani omwoto, uye dziviriro yorudzi inobhadharwa zvikurukuru nemitero yavose. Iyi purogiramu inovimbisa kuwanikwa munyika yose, inochengeta mupimo wakati wakati, uye hurumende inobvumira misengwaro mikuru kuvagari vemo pasina donzo rayo. Mitengo mikuru, yakaisvonaka yemabasa avose ndiyo nzira inodzorwa namabasa avo makurusanozivikanwa zvikuru. Kufamba kwezuva nezuva kupfurikidza namabasa ehurumende.[5][1]

Mitemo Yemari Nekuchengetedzwa Kwavanhu Vose

Kudzora kwehurumende pamusoro pemitero nokushandisa mari chishandiso chine simba chokupedza zvinetso zvavose. Ichi chinozivikanwa sechirongwa chemari. Parutivi rwemari, hurumende inoisa mari muzvinhu zvavose kwenguva refu: kuvaka migwagwa, mabhiriji, uye masangano akafara; kutsigira kunzvera kwesayenzi kupfurikidza neNational Institutes of Health (NIH) kana kuti National Science Foundation (NS), uye kugovera mari kuhurumende dzemo yenzvimbo dzinogara iripo nokuda kwemitengo nedzidzo. Parutivi rwemitero yavose, hurumende inogona kuderedza kana kuti kubvisa tsika. Mitero, seIhomwe ihotera inodzo inodzorwa mutero kupfurikidza nemari inopfuuyisa mari, uye kusimudzira mari yepfuma.

Mashoko, Kuisa Nzwisiso, uye Nzwisiso Yomufambiro

Chishandiso chinozivikanwa nenzira inowedzera inoshandiswa namashoko nesayenzi yetsika kuti ipesvedze zvisarudzo pasina murairo kana kuti kurudziro dzemari. Nhimbe dzoutano dzavanhu dzinoshandisa kuzivisa nezvinobudisa nhau kuti zvikurudzire kusvuta kana kuti kusimudzira nhomba. Food ne Drug Administration zvinoda mapepa ezvokudya akarongwa papepa kuti zvibatsire vatengi kuita zvisarudzo zvakanaka. Masangano eHurumende akadai seUK’S Paralyal Insights Teation (BIT) akawedzera kushandiswa kwa "majee" --katsveri, shawo maduku mumhoteredzo yakasarudzwa yechadenga chezvokudya. Somuenzaniso, kunyoresa vashandi mugadziriro yokuchengeta mari yomudyandiro (papo achivabvumira) anowedzera mari inotengwa nenzira inoshamisa kuva vanoda kusarudzwa. Uku kutevera nguva dzinonzi "Berbackdard, , mativi orusununguko rwevanhu." pamusoro pezvisaruso.

Kuongorora Zvirwere zveHurumende Kunopera

Kuongorora mienzaniso chaiyo yezvakaitika kare uye yepanguva iyoyo kunoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakakura sei uye kuti zvinetso zvakagara zvichiitika sei — ndezvehurumende dzakawanda.

Kugadzirisa Kutsva Nechibvumirano Chenzanga Chazvino Uno

Kuderera Kukuru kwemari kwema1930 kwakamirira kukundikana kwemari yavanhu, nokusashanda kwakasvika 25%. Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal yakanga iri mhinduro yakananga, yakashinga yehurumende. Yakashandisa zvirongwa zvakawanda zvezvishandiso zvavose: mabasa makuru (Mitemo yeProgress Progress Administration), miraudzo yemari (Masangano eTsvene neFEx), yamurogiramu yakananga (mapurogiramu echiuto), uye kusikwa kwechisonzo cheseichisaririra chetsika dzenzanga (Sacuriocrame). Chishanga chishamiso chikuru chinoitwa nehurumende yazvinoumba kuti dare riite basa rokuchengeta chengeteko nokugovera chengeteko yavagari vemo yaro. Yakabvumikisa kuti hurumende haigoni kudzoresa bedzi kubetsera kukunda nokuvakazve nyika yemagariro.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemhoteredzo: Mhepo Yakachena Nemvura Yakachena

Kuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo kwezana ramakore rechi20 (_[FLT]] Special Act [[FLT: 1] [1970]]) uye [FLT] Mvura yakashatiswa yakashatiswa yakabva kunze. Kushatiswa kwakanga kuri chinhu chakashata icho indasitiri yavanhu yakanga isina sundo yokumisa. Hurumende yakapindura nemitemo yetsika. Spect Air Act[1970] [1970] [N]) uye [FLT] Mvura inochenesa [[FLT] Yakaisa mipimo yenyika yemhoteredzo yapasi ndokuita mamiriro ezvinhu makuru anodzonga. EPA yakaisa miganhuro yakakomba pazvinoshatisa, inomanikidzira maindasi kuti itendere maindasi okuchenesa. Mitengo inodzoro inoshamisa zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo ichiratidzika kuva nesimba zvikuru, mipimo yemitengo yavose inopfuvura zvikuru.

Kuongorora Unyanzvi Hwezvigadzirwa: Indaneti neGPS

Humwe hunyanzvi hunochinja zvikuru hwenhambo yazvino uno yakabva mumitengo yehurumende. Internet yakatanga seARPANET, chirongwa chinotsigirwa neDhipatimendi reDefense’s Excester Research Projects Agency (DARPA). GPS yakanga iri gadziriro yakavakwa ne Department of Defense for forficial transfer. Hurumende haina kungotsigira kunzvera kwokutanga; yakaitawo chisarudzo chokuvhura iyi ruzivo rwezvokushandisa chisiri chehurumende. Iyi yakagadzira kuputika kwemitengo yetengi yemunhu oga yeProji yeProji yeProji yePututions(e-commerce, zvinobudisa nzanga, zvinofambisa magariro enzanga, zvinogadzira maaunzi, zvinogadzira mabhirioni emadhora emadhora okudhi okunzeroro.

Kudzora Kuganhurirwa Kwechiito Chomusangano Wavose

Kunyange zvazvo kururamisa uye maturusi ehurumende zvakasimba, kudzora kwacho kune zvinetso zvakawanda.

Kupesana Kwematongerwe Enyika uye Kuparadzana

Gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica yakagadzirwa necherekedzo nedzikamo, izvo padzimwe nguva zvinogona kutungamirira kurumano. Hurumende yakakamukana, kupesana kwezvikamu, uye pesvedzero yefariro chaidzo zvinogona kudzosa mutemo unotsoropodza. Chinetso chinomutswa nokukamukana kwesimba muhurumende, hurumende, uye mwero yomunzvimbomo. Nepo unani huchibvumira kuedza, hunogonawo kuparira basa rakakamuraniswa remiraudzo isingawirirani ndokukuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kupedza zvinetso zvenyika kana kuti zvenyika yose kufanana nokuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro okunze.

Utachiona Hwokuparadza Hwehurumende uye Musiyano Wokupwanya

Kunyange nomutemo wakakwana, kushanda kunobudirira hakutongovikirwa. Masangano ehurumende anogona kutambura noruzivo rwechinyakare, mari shomanene, uye tsika dzinopinda mungozi. Miitiro yemipimo inowanzozara netepi tsvuku yakarongedzerwa kudzivisa tsvina netsoropodzo. Vabatiri vemo vane unyanzvi uye vanonyandurwa vanotsoropodza, asi kunyoresa nokuchengeta tarenda yapamusoro kunogona kuva kwakaoma apo chikamu chavanhu chapamusoro chinopa mubhadharo wakakwirira. Iyi "Kupa miuyo" kazhinji kazhinji kunotungamirira kumiuyo inonyadzisa, kurumbidzika chivimbo chavanhu vose.

Zvinetso Zvikuru uye Kuzvidavirira

Vagari (vakuru) vanopa chiremera kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende (vamiririri). Zvisinei, fariro dzavamiririri . zvinosarudzwa nevakuru vakuru nevoruzhinji) hazvisati zvichiwirirana nguva dzose zvakakwana neavo vehurumende. Vakuru vakuru vanoratidzirwa vangaisa musengwa wekusarudzwa kwetsika yenzwi, uye vadzori vangaronda kuronda kufutunuka kwesangano kana kuti kutevera mitemo yakaoma inodzivisa. Kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokuoneka, kutungamirira, uye kusarudza irwisano yenguva dzose. Ukurukuoma nezvinooma kwehurumende yazvino uno kunogona kuita kuti kuve kwakaomera vagari vemo kuti vanzwisise kuti vapiwe mutoro nokuda kwei, kuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kutusa kana kuti kuranga vakuru vakuru nokuda kwokuita kwavo.

Mhindumupindu Yechinetso Chavanhu

Kuchinja kutsva kwemasangano ezvitendero kunotsvaka kugadzirisa kuti zvinetso zvevanhu zvinogadziriswa sei, kuita kuti hurumende ibudirire, inogamuchira, uye ibudirire.

Kudzora Kwezvinyorwa uye Kushandiswa Kweuchapupu

Pane sangano riri kukura kuti rienderere mberi kupfuura pfungwa uye kunzira yemigumisiro. Ikoku kunobatanidza kushandisa kunzvera kwakakomba data nemitoo yokuyera nayo . zvakadai semiedzo inodzorwa pasina donzo (RCT)(kusarudza kuti chii chinoshanda, ndiani, uye nendyiko. Hurumende yakagadzira masangano akafanana neCommission on Excription-Based Policybing kutsigira uku kusvika. Kupfurikidza nokunangidzira ngwariro pazvinoitika, hurumende dzinogona kudzosera mari kubva mumapurogiramu anokundikana kuanopa migumisiro inodzosera.

Kuumbwa Kwehurumende Nevanhu

Masangano ehurumende anonetsa zvikuru vagari vemo kufamba. Basa remapurani avanhu (HCD) rinoshandisa magadzirirwo okufunga kuti zviitiko zvokushandisa zvive nyore. Somuenzaniso, mushandisi akavhiringidzika wewebsite yehurumende yescio rakaoma anganyandura kuiita kuti ive noruzivo rukuru. .Iyi nzira inonangidzira pamibato yokupedzisira youtungamiriri hwevashanyi inoda kuderedza uye kuvandudza kushandira.

Kushandira pamwe Kwavose (PPP) uye Kutonga Kwakarongwa

Nenzira inowedzera, kupedza zvinetso zvavanhu kunoda kubatira pamwe muzvikamu. Kushandira pamwe kwePurivate Pinector kunoda kuti hurumende igone kufambisa dzimbahwe, unyanzvi, uye kushanda zvakanaka kweboka revoruzhinji kuvaka zvivako kana kuti kuita mabasa. Nenzira yakafanana, "kudzora kwounyanzvi" kunounza hurumende, nzanga, uye mabhizimisi okupedza zvinetso zvakaoma. Kushaya pokugara kunoda kuti vashaitiri vedzimba, vagadziri vedzimba, vagadziri vezvoutano, uye madhipatimendi emapurisa vasasatungamirira. Hurumende ingasatungamirira nguva dzose; pane dzimwe nguva basa rayo kuunza pamwe chete, kushandirana, kugovera tsigiro kana kuti kutsigira kwapamutemo kunhamburiko dzezvikwata zvakawanda.

Mugumisiro: Nyika Isingakundiki Nebasa Zviri Mberi

Basa rehurumende mukupedza zvinetso zvavanhu harisi kurukurirano inooneka; chinhu chaichoicho. Kubva pakuchena kwemvura yatinonwa kusvikira kuchengeteko yezvokudya zvatinodya, kubva mumigwagwa yatinofamba tichienda kuchengeteka kwokurega basa redu, chiito chehurumende ndechokuvapo kwenguva dzose, kunoumba. Zvinetso zvezana ramakore rechi21 (maapoka) okuchinja kweruzivo rwezvinhu, kugadziridza kwamamiriro ezvinhu, uye utano hwepasi pose hwakaoma zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose. Zvinoda hurumende inokwanisa, inokurumidza, uye inovimbwa. Basa renzanga yazvino uno haisi kubvisa kana kuti inamate nyika asi kuivandudza. Ikoku kunoreva kuisa mari musimba rebasa rehurumende, kutakura mashoko nokuvandudza, kugona kuvaka mari, kudzora tsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika.