Table of Contents
Bazu guru rehurumende yeUnited States rinomira serimwe rembiru nhatu dzehurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu, richishanda nokusaneta zuva riri rose kushandisa mitemo, kudzivirira vagari vemo, uye kuva nechokwadi chokushanda zvakanaka kwepurogiramu dzisingaverengeki uye mabasa anobata rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica. Simba reBazu Rine Simba rinotungamirira rinoiswa muMutungamiriri weUnited States, uyo anoshandawo somukuru wehurumende neMutungamiriri wemauto ane zvombo. Kunzwisisa kuti bazi iri rinoshanda sei uye rinoshanda sei pachena kunokosha kuvagari vemo vose vanoda kubatana nehurumende yavo zvine revorongedzero.
Vanoshanda vakawanda ava vanodarika mazana emasangano, madhipatimendi, uye mahofisi, vose vachishanda kuti vasvike vavariro imwe cheteyo yokushumira vanhu veAmerica nokutsigira Bumbiro Remitemo.
Hwaro: Masimba Ebumbiro remitemo Negadziriro
Muchikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo, Purezidhendi ndiye ane mutoro wokuitwa kwemitemo yakaitwa neCongress.
Purezidhendi ane mutoro wokushandisa nokusimbisa mitemo yakanyorwa neCongress uye, kuti idaro, anogadza vatungamiriri vemasangano eFederal, kubatanidza Kabhinati.
Basa raPurezidhendi Nemabasa
Purezidhendi anobatira mabasa mazhinji okutsoropodza panguva imwe cheteyo. Kupfuura pakuva mukuru mukuru wenyika, Purezidhendi anoshanda somukuru wehurumende, anomirira United States munhau dzemibatanidzwa yemibato. SoMutungamiriri wePurezidhendi ane chiremera chose chose pamauto enyika, achiita zvisarudzo zvinokosha pamusoro pedziviriro yorudzi uye mabasa ehondo.
Mirayiridzo iyi inoshanda sezvishandiso zvakasimba kuti pave nechinjo uye kutungamirira kushanda kwemasangano ehurumende pasina kuda mutemo mutsva kubva kuCongress.
Simba iri rebumbiro remitemo rinobvumira Purezidhendi kupa kanganwiro nokuda kwemhosva dzehurumende, kana kuti kudzorera kodzero dzevanhu vakanzi vapiwe mhosva, kana kuti kukanganwira mhosva dzehurumende.
Purezidhendi ane chinodikanwa chebumbiro remitemo ku "panguva nenguva kupa Congress Information of the State of the Union, uye anorumbidza kukurangarira kwavo mwero wakadaro sezvaachatonga zviri madikanwa uye nenzira inoshanda," uye Purezidhendi mugamuchidzanwa akapa State of the Union kero kurusando rwakabatana rweCongress January mumwe nomumwe achirondedzera purogiramu yavo yegore riri kuuya.
Basa Rokutsigira Mutungamiriri Wenyika Rinonetsa
Mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi anotsigira purezidhendi, uye kana purezidhendi asingakwanisi kushanda, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi anova purezidhendi.
Basa iri rinobatanidza mapazu maviri evakuru vakuru nevehurumende, zvichiita kuti Mutungamiriri wehurumende anzi ndiye Mutongi mukuru mukuru, achipa nzvimbo yakasiyana neyavamwe muhurumende.
Kabhini: Vatungamiriri vePurezidhendi naVatungamiriri veBato
Dare rinopa mikana inoumbwa nemisoro yemadhipatimendi 15 anotungamirira, inogadzwa naPurezidhendi ndokusimbiswa neDare, uye mitezo yeDare kazhinji kazhinji ndidzo vatauriri vaPurezidhendi vapedyosa. Ava vanhu vanounza unyanzvi kubva kunzvimbo dzavo dzemiitiro dzakatsaukana uye vanobetsera kuumba zvinhu zvokutanga zvehurumende namazano.
Mukuwedzera kukutungamirira masangano makuru ehurumende, anoita basa rinokosha mumutsetse waPrezidhendi wenhevedzano ($apedza Mutungamiriri wePurezidhendi, Mutauri weNzvimbo, uye Purezidhendi weDare pro primeore, nhevedzano yokutevedzana inopfuurira namahofisi eKabhiniti munhevedzano umo madhipatimendi akaumbwa.
Iyi kokorodzano yokududza zita inoratidzira kukura kwenhau kwehurumende yehurumende nebasa chairo reBato reRuramisiro mukutsigira mutemo kunze kwomusoro weDhipatimendi reRuramisiro, uyo anonzi Attorney General.
Kubatira Kunoita Vagari veAmerica Bazu Rine Chinzvimbo Chikuru
Zvokudya zvavanodya, mhepo yavanofema, migwagwa yavanofamba nayo, mishonga yavanoshandisa, uye kuchengeteka kwavanofarikanya zvose kunobatanidza kutarisira bazu rapamusoro namabasa.
Masangano eCompatement neFederal akazvimirira ane mutoro wokuita kuti mitemo yeFederal ishande zuva nezuva, uye madhipatimendi aya nemasangano ane mabasa nemitoro zvinopesana zvikuru sezveDhipatimendi Rezvokudzivirira Nhungamiro, Social Security Administration, uye Security and Exchange Commission.
Kuchengeteka Kwenyika Yose Nokuzvidzivirira
Kudzivirira nyika nevagari vayo kunomirira rimwe remabasa makuru ebazi guru. Masangano akawanda anoshanda pamwe chete kuti abatsire vanhu vokuAmerica kuti vararame, vashande, uye vafambe zvakanaka.
Department of Defense isangano gurusa rehurumende uye rinobatanidza avo vanoshanda pabasa rinoshingaira, vashandi vasiri varwi, uye avo vanoshanda mumauto eNational Guard and Reserve, uye pamwe chete, hondo navasiri varwi veDOD vanodzivirira fariro dzedu dzorudzi kupfurikidza namabasa okurwa hondo, yamuro yomutsa, uye kuchengeta rugare neyamuro yengwavaira.
Mabasa eDhipatimendi Rekuchengeteka Renyika Yose ndeokudzivirira nokuvhiringidza kurwisa kwemagandanga; kudzivirira vanhu vokuAmerica, zvinhu zvedu zvinokosha, uye zvinhu zvinokosha zvatinoshandisa; uye kuita chimwe chinhu kana zviitiko zvikaitika, uye DHS yakaitwa neHomeland Security Act ya2002, zvikurukuru nemhaka yokurwisa kwemagandanga kwakaitika musi waSeptember 11, 2001.
Department of Homeland Security inodzivisa uye inovhiringidza denho dzamagandanga kupfurikidza neFederal Emergency Security Security yeU.S. uye Treasurection Administration (TSA); inodzivirira mhoteredzo dzinokomba kupfurikidza neCybersecurity and Industruction Agency (CIS), uye inodzora kutama kupfurikidza neImmugramental Security Agement (CE) uye U.S.
Utano Hwevanhu Vose Nemabasa Avanhu
Madhipatimendi maduku anotungamirira mashomanene anotapura vaAmerica zvakananga uye zvikuru seBato roUtano Nebasa Ravanhu.
Masangano eHHHS anoitisa nzvero youtano nesayenzi yenzanga, anoshanda kudzivisa ndokupindura kupararira kwehosha, anovimbisa zvokudya nekotsekano yemirimo, uye anogovera betsero dzoutano kuvakweguru pamwe chete navasina kudzivirirwa mune zvemari, uye mukuwedzera kukugovera Medicare neMedicaid, iyo pamwe chete inogovera kufukidzwa kwoutano kumunhu mumwe muvatatu veAmerica, HHS inotarisirawo National Institutes of Health, Food and Drug Ad Administration, uye Centers for Disease Adcial.
Food and Drug Administration inodzivirira utano hwevanhu nokuvimbisa kuchengeteka nokushanda kwemishonga, zvishandiso zvemishonga, zvokudya, uye mafuta. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention inoongorora kupararira kwezvirwere, kuongorora kwoutano kunokosha, uye inogovera nhungamiro panguva dzenjodzi dzoutano. National Institutes of Health mari dzinokanganisa kunzvera kwezvokurapa kutsva uye kurapa kwezvirwere.
Kuchengeteka Kwemari uye Kusaparara Kwemari
Department yeTree yeTreasurer inovimbisa budiriro yemari yenyika uye inodzivirira gadziriro yemari kupfurikidza nokusimudzira dzikamo yemari; kugadzira mari; kubvisa mitero kuvoruzhinji; uye kuunganidza mitero. Cheki iri yose, mari yemitero, uye kubhadhara kweSocial Security inobatanidza mabasa eTreasury Department.
Masangano aya anobatsira mamiriyoni evanhu vokuAmerica kuti vakwegura vasabatwa nechirwere, vanhu vakaremara, uye mhuri dzakarasikirwa nemari.
SEC inodzivirira vatengesi vemari, inochengetedza ruramisiro, yakarongeka, uye inoita kuti misika ive nyore, uye inoita kuti pave negadziriro yedzimbahwe.
Dzidzo Nokufambira Mberi Kwebasa
Department of Education inoshanda kuva nechokwadi chokuti vaAmerica vose vane mabanza edzidzo yakaisvonaka. Basa reBato reDhipatimendi reDzidzo nderokusimudzira kudzidza nokugadzirira nokuda kwekoreji, mabasa, uye kuva mugari womunyika muupfumi hwenyika yose kupfurikidza nokusimudzira kuisvonaka kwedzidzo nokuvimbisa kusvika kwakaenzana kwemukana wedzidzo, uye Dhipatimendi rinopa yamuro yemari yemari nokuda kwedzidzo yakakwirira, rinotarisira mapurogiramu edzidzo nemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo izvo zvinosimudzira kuva nounyanzvi mukudzidza kwavadzidzi, kuunganidza mashoko nokutsigira kunzvera muzvikoro zveAmerica kutungamirira kufambira mberi mumugariro wedzidzo.
Department of Labor inodzivirira kodzero dzavashandi, inosimudzira kuchengeteka pabasa, uye inobetsera vagari veAmerica kuwana basa uye kuvandudza unyanzvi hwebasa. Kubva pakuisa mitemo yemibayiro mishoma kusvikira pakutarisira zvirongwa zveinishuwarenzi yokushaya basa, Bato reBasa rinoshanda kuti rivadze kubatwa zvakanaka uye mukana wemari nokuda kwavashandi veAmerica.
Masangano Okutsigira Vari Kuforoma
Department of Veterans Affairs inotarisira gadziriro dzinobetsera vagara nebasa, mhuri dzavo, uye vaponeri vavo vanorarama, kubatanidza muripo wokuremara, zvikwereti zvepamusha, inishuwarenzi youpenyu, kudzorerwa kurapa.
Va inoita imwe yegadziriro hurusa dzezvoutano munyika, ichigovera tarisiro yokurapa kumamirioni avagara nebasa pazvipatara, makiriniki, uye misha inochengeta munzanga munyika yose. Kupfuura tarisiro youtano, vaVa vagara kwenguva refu vanobetsera kuwana dzidzo, kuchengetesa zvikwereti zvepamusha, uye kugamuchira muripo nokuda kwourema hwebasa.
Madhipatimendi Ane Zvigaro 15
Dhipatimendi rimwe nerimwe rinonyanya kutaura nezvenzvimbo dzakati dzemitemo uye rinoshanda mabasa akasiyana - siyana, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji richishanda pamwe chete panhau dzinodarika miganhu yemadhipatimendi.
Department of Agriculture
Department of Agriculture (USDA) rinotanga uye rinoita muitiro wokurima, kurima, uye zvinangwa zvaro zvinosanganisira kutarisira zvinodiwa nevarimi nevarimi, kusimudzira bhizimisi rokurima nokurima, kuchengetedza zvokudya zvinovaka, kuchengetedza pfuma yomusikirwo, kusimudzira nzanga dzomumaruwa, uye kugumisa nzara muAmerica nomune dzimwe nyika.
USDA ine masangano 29, anobatanidza Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Food and Nutrition Service, uye shopu huru yeHlovice, uye bhajeti yemari yedhipatimendi racho inonanga kupurogiramu dzinosungirwa dzinogovera mabasa anodikanwa nomutemo, akadai seinishuwarenzi yezvirimwa, mapurogiramu ebetsero yezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, purogiramu dzezvokutengeserana, uye purogiramu dzinoverengeka dzokuchengetedza upfumi.
Gadziriro dzezvokudya zveUSDA, kubatanidza Soral Nutrition Application Program (SNAP) nepurogiramu dzechikoro dzezvokudya zvemasikati, zvinobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti mamirioni eAmerica anogona kuwana zvokudya zvakakwana. Bazi rinotsigirawo kukura kwomumaruwa, rinobetsera varimi kuwana chikwereti neinishuwarenzi yezvirimwa, uye mamirioni amaeka emasango enyika.
Bazi Rokutengeserana
Department of Commerce isangano rehurumende rinopiwa basa rokugadzira mabasa uye kuwedzera kwemari uye mukana wokuwana mikana.
United States Census Bureau ndiwo manyuko makuru emashoko akaisvonaka pamusoro pavanhu vorudzi rwacho nezvemari. Census Bureau inoitisa nhamba yegore rinopera inodikanwa neBumbiro reMitemo uye inoparira nhamba inopfuurira pamusoro pechiverengero chavagari vemo, dzimba, uye mubato wemari zvinozivisa zvisarudzo zvemiitiro negadziriro yebhizimisi.
NOA inoita kuti vanhu vazive nezvemamiriro okunze ari kuchinja - chinja, inoona kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, inodzora kubatwa kwehove, uye inoita kuti zvinhu zvisave nyore kuongorora zvinhu zvipenyu nepasi.
Dare reUnited States rinonzi Patent and Trademark Office isangano reFederal rine mutoro wokupa zvibvumirano zveUnited States uye zviratidzo zvokunyorera.
Department of Defense
Sedhipatimendi gurusa, Department of Defense inochengeta mauto anodikanwa kumisa hondo ndokudzivirira chengeteko yorudzi.dhipatimendi rinotarisira Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, uye Space Force, pamwe chete namasangano akawanda edziviriro namasangano anotsigira.
Kupfuura mabasa ehondo egamuchidzanwa, Dhipatimendi Rokudzivirira rinopa betsero yomutsa mukati mengwavaira, mufambiro wokuchengeta rugare, uye rinochengeta kudzivisa kwenyukireya.
Department of Energy
Department of Energy (DOE) inotsigira kuchengeteka kwezvoupfumi nokwenyika yeAmerica kupfurikidza nokukurudzira kutangwa kwesimba rakavimbika, rakachena, uye risingadhuri, rinogovera mari nokuda kwokunzvera kwesayenzi kufambira mberi kuwanwa nokutangwa, kuvimbisa makwikwi ezvemari eAmerica nokuvandudza kunaka kwoupenyu hwavagari vemo vedu, uye rinobate basawo nokuchengetedza mhoteredzo kupfurikidza nokugovera chisarudzo chine mutoro kukugadzirwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya.
DOE inodzora zvombo zvenyukireya zvenyika ino, inoshandisa marabhoritari enyika anoparira nzvero yesayenzi inochekerera, uye inoshanda kugadzira ruzivo rutsva rwesimba. Bazi rinotarisirawo kucheneswa kwenzvimbo dzakashatiswa mukati mepurogiramu yezvombo zvenyukireya zveHondo Youtsi.
Department of Health and Human Services
Kubva pakuchengetedza kuchengeteka kwezvinodhaka kusvika pakugovera inishuwarenzi youtano yokutsvakurudza mune zvokurapa, masangano eHHS anoshanda kuti adzivirire uye afambise utano hwevanhu munyika yose.
Department of Home Security
Rakagadzirwa richipindura kurwisa kwemagandanga kwaSeptember 11, 2001, Department of Homeland Security yakasimbisa masangano 22 akasiyana - siyana kuti ave dhipatimendi rakabatana rainyanya kudzivirira nyika yokuAmerica.
Basa redhipatimendi rinosiyanisa nokuongorora vanhu vendege kusvika pakudzivirira Purezidhendi, kubva kumadutu kusvika pakuchengetedza zvinhu zvenyika zvepakombiyuta. Basa iri rakasiyana - siyana rinoratidza kutyisidzira kwakasiyana - siyana uye zvinetso zvakatarisana nenyika muzana remakore rechi21.
Department of Home Nekubudirira Kwemataundi
Department of House and Urban Development (HUD) isangano rehurumende rine mutoro wemitemo yenyika nezvirongwa zvinotarisira zvinodikanwa zvedzimba zveAmerica, kuvandudza nokuvandudza nzanga dzenyika, uye kudzika mitemo yedzimba yakarurama.
HUD inotarisira zvirongwa zvinobetsera mhuri dzinowana mari shoma kubhadhara dzimba, kurwisa kusava nedzimba, kusimudzira kukura kwenzanga munzvimbo dzavedzwa, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti rusaruro rwedzimba runorambidzwa. Federal Home Administration yedhipatimendi yeFederal Homes Infications, kuita kuti kuva muridzi wedzimba kusvike zvikuru kumamirioni eAmerica.
Bazi Remukati
Dhipatimendi reInternational Department rinotarisira nyika dzavose nepfuma yomusikirwo, kubatanidza mapaka erudzi, utiziro hwemhuka, uye nharaunda huru dzenyika dzavose munyika dzokumadokero. Bazi racho rinewo mitoro kundudzi dzemaIndia okuAmerica neAlaska.
Geological Survey yeU.S. "zvinonyorwa, zvinoongorora, uye zvinogovera nzwisiso yesayenzi pamusoro pemigariro yezviwanikwa zvomusikirwo, nhau nezvinetso." iyi nzvero yesayenzi inozivisa pamusoro pezvisarudzo pamusoro pokushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvomusikirwo, ngozi yomusikirwo, uye dziviriro yemhoteredzo.
Bureau of Land Management inotarisira mazana amamirioni amaeka enyika yavose, ichidzikamisa kuchengetedzwa nokubudirira kwemitengo. National Park Service inochengeta nzvimbo dzinokosheswa zvikurusa dzomusikirwo nedzenhau dzeAmerica nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvazvino nezvinozofarikanya.
Department of Justice
Department yeRugare rinomanikidzira mutemo wehurumende, rinomirira United States munhau dzemitemo, uye rinotarisira gadziriro yeruramisiro yehurumende. Richitungamirirwa neAttorney General, dhipatimendi rinobatanidza Federal Bureau of Investigation, Drug Enforcement Administration, Bureau of Prison, uye U.S. Atttorney's hofisi munyika yose.
Dhipatimendi rinotonga mhosva dzehurumende, rinoita kuti mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu itengwe, rinotarisira majeri ehurumende, uye rinopa zano repamutemo kuPurezidhendi nemasangano anotungamirira.FBI inoongorora ugandanga, kuparwa kwemhosva paIndaneti, utsotsi hwakarongwa, uye zvimwe zvinotyisidzira kuchengeteka kwenyika yose nokuchengeteka kwevanhu vose.
Department of Baby
Dhipatimendi reBare reBare rinodzivirira kodzero dzavashandi uye rinosimudzira fariro dzavo dzemari. Dhipatimendi rinodzika mitemo inodzora chengeteko yebasa, mari inotambira mari shoma uye mari inotambira nguva yakawandisa, zororo remhuri nerezvokurapa, uye dziviriro pakusarurwa kwebasa.
Bazi racho rinounganidzawo uye rinobudisa nhamba dzemabasa dzinobatsira vagadziri vemitemo uye vemabhizimisi kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita vanhu.
Department of State
Department of State inoita basa guru mukukudziridza nokushandisa muitiro wokumwe waPurezidhendi, uye mitoro mikuru inobatanidza United States inomirira nyika dziri kunze kwenyika, vagari vemo veUnited States vanoshanda mose muri muviri mudzimba nomumhiri kwamakungwa, betsero yokumwe, gadziriro dzokurovedza kwehondo dzokumwe, nhamburiko dzokudzivisa utsotsi hwamarudzi ose, uye kutendeseka nokuda kwamarudzi okumwe anotsvaka kupinda muUnited States.
America inochengeta ukama hwemibatanidzwa nenyika dzinenge 190 — imwe neimwe yakaiswa navashandi veBasa reMari Makuru Nedzimwe Nyika reUnited States (8) pamwe chete namasangano amarudzi ose.
Hurumende inobudisa mapasipoti namavhiza, inobetsera vaAmerica vanofamba kana kuti vanogara kunze kwenyika, inotaurirana zvibvumirano nezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose, uye inopa yamuro dzokunze kutsigira kukura uye zvinodikanwa zvomutsa kupota nyika yose. Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pomutemo wokunze kweUnited States nenhamburiko dzemibatanidzwa yehurumende, shanyira nzvimbo yepaIndaneti yeStative ye [[FLT:] yeChiteshi yeFO].
Department of Troads
Basa reDhipatimendi Rezvokufambisa (DOT) nderokuvimbisa gadziriro yokufambisa inokurumidza, isina ngozi, inoshanda, inowanika, uye iri nyore iyo inosvitsa fariro dzedu dzinokosha dzenyika uye inovandudza kunaka kwoupenyu hwavanhu veAmerica.
Bazi racho rinotarisira Federal Aviation Administration, iyo inodzora kudzora kwendege nekotsekano yendege; Federal Highway Administration, iyo inotsigira gadziriro yemigwagwa mikuru yepasi; uye National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, iyo inoisa mipimo yekotsekano yemotokari uye inoshanda kuderedza ngozi dzemotokari. Mamwe masangano eDOT anodzora zvitima, mapaipi, uye zvokufambisa mumatokisi.
Dhipatimendi Reveimba
Kupfuura basa rayo mumuitiro wezvemari nomurayiro wezvemari, Dhipatimendi Rezvemari rinobudisa mari yose yeU.S. nemari, rinounganidza mitero yehurumende kupfurikidza neInternational Revenue Service, rinotarisira mari yehurumende, uye rinomanikidza zvirango zvemari mukurwisana navavengi vokumwe.
IRS inounganidza mamirioni emadhora mumari yomutero gore rimwe nerimwe, inoita mazana amamirioni edzosi remitero, uye inoita kuti mitemo yemitero yenyika iteererwe. Hofisi yedhipatimendi yeMarudzi Marudzi Makurusa Control inopa zvibvumikiso zvemari zvinobatira sezvishandiso zvinokosha zvemiitiro yokumwe.
Department of Veterans Affairs
Va inomirira musengwa wehurumende yehurumende kuvose vakapfeka yunifomu. Kunze kwezvoutano uye betsero, vaVa inoshanda mumakuva enyika, inogovera betsero dzenjodzi nokuda kwavarwi vari munhamo, uye mabasa kudzivisa kusava nedzimba kwavakare.
Nzvimbo dzokurapa dzevakwegura dzinopa tarisiro chaiyo yemamiriro ezvinhu anozivikanwa nevakare, kusanganisira kukuvara kwouropi kunorwadza uye kunetseka kwapashure pekuora mwoyo.
Nhungamiro Dzokuzvimirira Nemabasa Adzo Anokosha
Purezidhendi anogadza vakuru vemamwe masangano anotungamirira akadai seCIA neNdengedzo yeNzvimbo Dzepasi Pose, vatungamiriri vawo vari pasi pechiremera chakazara chaPurezidhendi, uye anogadzawo vakuru vakuru vemasangano anopfuura 50 akazvimirira, akadai seFederal Reserve Board neSecureties and Exchange Commission, pamwe chete navatongi veFederal, vamiririri, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vakuru veFederal.
Masangano anozvimirira ndeayo ari rutivi rweEOP uye asiri pasi pamadhipatimendi makuru gumi namashanu makuru muCabinet, uye ikoku hakuaiti kuti ave anopesvedzera zvishoma, sezvo vazhinji vachiri kubata nemabasa anokosha ehurumende, upfumi, uye utarisiri, uye aya masangano anoshanda nomwero wakati wokuzvitonga.
Agency Yokudzivirira Mbango
EPA inodzivirira utano hwevanhu uye mhoteredzo nokudzika mitemo inoderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo yakachena nemvura, uye kugadzirisa tsvina ine ngozi.
Kubva pakudzora kubudiswa kwemagetsi kubva kumiti nemotokari kusvikira kukuchenesa nzvimbo dzine tsvina kusvikira kukudzivirira marudzi ari mungozi, basa reEPA rinotapura kunaka kwemhepo inofema, mvura yavanonwa, uye mhoteredzo yavanopfuudza kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penhamburiko dzedziviriro yemhoteredzo pawebsite ye yeEPA.
Kushanda Kwenyika Nenzvimbo
Sangano racho rakasvitsa vanhu paMoon, rakatuma vaongorori vemichina yemarobhoti kuMars uye kupfuura, rinoita kuti International Space Station, uye rigadzirise zvinhu zvitsva zvinoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Satellite yeNASA inopa mashoko anokosha pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze, mamiriro okunze, uye ngwavaira dzomusikirwo. Nzvero yesangano racho inobetsera kunzwisiso yesayenzi nemugadziridzo woruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu nepo ichinyandura zvizvarwa zvitsva kuronda mabasa musayenzi nouinjiniya.
Kutarisirwa Kwemagariro Evanhu
SSA inotarisira kurega basa kweSocial Security, kuremara, uye vakapukunyuka vanobetserwa nebetsero dzemari dzinogovera kuchengeteka kwamakumi amamirioni eAmerica.
Masangano aya anobatsira mamiriyoni evanhu gore negore, anochengetedza mari yavanotambira vashandi vokuAmerica, uye nhamba dzeSocial Security.
Central Intelligence Agency
Sangano iri rinoshanda mhiri kwemakungwa kuti riunganidze mashoko, riite mabasa okuvhara kana rabvumirwa naPurezidhendi, uye rinobatsira vagadziri vemitemo kuti vaone kuti vakachenjera.
Kunyange zvazvo basa reCIA richiri rakarongwa, sangano racho rinoita basa rinokosha pakudzivirira kuchengeteka kwenyika nokukurumidza kunyevera nezvetyisidziro, kutsigira basa rehondo, uye kubatsira vagadziri vemitemo kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma munyika yose.
Dzimwe Gadziriro Dzinokosha Dzokuzvimirira
Federal Reserve System inodzora gadziriro yemari uye inodzora mabhangi kuti atsigire kugadzikana nokukura kweupfumi.Federal Trade Commission inodzivirira vatengi pamiitiro isina kunaka yebhizimisi uye inosimudzira makwikwi.
Small Business Administration inobatsira vatengesi kutanga uye kukudza mabhizimisi nokushandisa zvirongwa zvokukweretesa, kupa mazano, uye kuwana rubatsiro.
Kuongorora Nokudzikama: Kupindirana Kunoita Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri Namamwe Mapazi
Bumbiro reMitemo rinosimbisa gadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo kudzivisa bazu ripi neripi rehurumende kuva rine simba zvikuru.
Kunzvera Kwomutemo Pasimba Rine Simba
Zvisinei, Congress inogona kukurira purezidhendi nevhoti yezvitatu muzvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare, ichivimbisa kuti imba yomutemo icharamba ine chiremera chikurusa chokuita mitemo.
Chibvumirano chinosimbisa kana kuti kuramba zvibvumirano zvapurezidhendi. Uku kusimbisa kunopa Dare pesvedzero inokosha pamusoro pouyo anotungamirira madhipatimendi avakuru vakuru namasangano, anobatira pabhenji rehurumende, uye anomirira United States kune imwe nyika.
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoshandiswi, kuongorora kunoitwa nevakuru vakuru kunoratidza kuti mutungamiriri wacho ane basa rinokosha uye anoti Purezidhendi ane mhosva yezvakaipa zvakakomba zvaakaita.
Masangano anotungamirira haagoni kushandisa mari kutoti Congress ichiikodzera, achipa dare romutemo simba rinokosha kupfuura zvinokosha zvebazi guru uye kushanda.
Kutonga Kunonzvera Simba Rine Simba Rinodzora
Vatongi veDare Rapamusoro - soro vanogona kuputsa mitemo isina kubvumirwa nomutemo.
Vatongi vanoongorora kana masangano aitevera nzira dzakakodzera, achiita zvinoenderana nemitemo yawo, uye achiita zvisarudzo zvinotsigirwa nouchapupu.
Mukuru Mukuru Anoongorora Mamwe Mapazi
Simba iri rinobvumira Purezidhendi kuumba mutongi uye kudzora kutsanangurwa uye kushandiswa kunoita mitemo kwezvizvarwa.
Simba raPurezidhendi rinopa bazu guru pesvedzero huru pamusoro pomutemo. Nepo Congress ichigona kukurira mavetoes, ruzhinji runodikanwa runoita kuti ikoku kuve kwakaoma, kuchipa Purezidhendi simba guru mukutaurirana pamusoro pomutemo.
Kupfurikidza nemirairo yavakuru vakuru nezviito zvokutarisira, Purezidhendi anogona kupesvedzera kuita kwomuitiro kunyange apo Congress inenge isingadi kana kuti isingakwanisi kuisa mutemo mutsva.
Kuumba Kwakaita Nhungamiro Nemitemo Inomanikidza
Masangano ehurumende rutivi rwebazu rinodzora reUnited States, uye ndiwo mutoo uyo hurumende inoshandisa nawo kuita ndokuita kuti mutemo uteererwe.Apo Congress inopa mitemo, kazhinji kazhinji inotumira chiremera kumasangano anotungamirira kutanga mitemo ine udzame inoshandisa mitemo iyoyo.
Masangano anogadzira maindasitiri, mabasa, kana kuti miitiro inoda kutarisira zviri pedyo kana kuti unyanzvi chaihwo, somuenzaniso, Internal Revenuence Service, Homeland Security Department, uye National Institutes of Health.
Muitiro Wokutonga
Apo masangano anotanga mitemo mitsva, anotevera zvakashata miitiro yakagadzwa neAdministrative Procediture Act. Mitemo inofanira kubudisa mitemo inokarakadzwa, kubvumira tsinhiro dzavose, kurangarira tsinhiro dzakagamuchirwa, uye kutsanangura zvisarudzo zvavo zvokupedzisira. Iyi nzira inovimbisa kujeka uye inopa mapoka anotapurwa mukana wokutora rutivi.
Mitemo inokarakadzwa inobudiswa muFederal Register, chinyorwa chezuva nezuva chapamutemo chemitemo yehurumende nezvicherekedzo. Pashure pokurangarira tsinhiro dzavose, masangano anobudisa mitemo yokupedzisira ine simba romutemo. iyi mirau ipapo inobatanidzwa muBohedzo yeFederal Registration, yakarongwa nenhau.
Vagari vemo, mabhizimisi, uye masangano vanogona kupa tsinhiro pamirau inokarakadzwa, kupa mashoko, kusimudzira itiro hanya, uye kukarakadza zvimwe zvinotsiva. Zvirongwa zvinofanira kurangarira idzi tsinhiro ndokupindura kunhau dzinokosha dzakamutswa. Uku kutora rutivi kwavanhu kunobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti mirau yakasanoumbwa uye inoshanda.
Kumanikidza Nokutsigira
Mamwe masangano anoongorora kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti anowirirana nezvinodiwa pakuchengeteka kana kuti zvakatipoteredza.
Masangano akawanda anogoverawo nhungamiro kubetsera masangano anotungamirirwa kunzwisisa ndokuwirirana nezvinodikanwa. iyi nhungamiro ingatora chimiro chamabhuku, mibvunzo kazhinji kazhinji, mifungo inonyengera, kana kuti betsero younyanzvi.
Kubatanidzwa Nomubatanidzwa Webazu Rine Chiremera
Vagari veAmerica vanoshanda nebazu rinotungamirira munzira dzakawanda, kubva pakutsvaka betsero kukutsinhira pamirau yokutsvaka betsero nezvinetso.Kunzwisisa nzira yokuita nayo zvinobudirira namasangano anotungamirira kunogona kubetsera vagari vemo kuwana mabasa, muitiro wepesvedzero, uye kuita kuti hurumende izvidavirire.
Masangano eHurumende Anosvika
Masangano anotungamirira anopa mabasa asingaverengeki kuvagari vemo. Vanhu vanokumbira nokuda kwebetsero dzeSocial Security, Medicaria purofiti, betsero dzavanachiremba, zvikwereti zvechikoro, zvikwereti zvebhizimisi zviduku, uye mamwe mapurogiramu akawanda. Vanowana mapasipoti, mitero yefaira, uye tsvaka betsero mukati mengwavaira.
Masangano akawanda ava kupa masangano paIndaneti anoita kuti zvive nyore kukumbira kubatsirwa, kuongororwa kwebasa, uye mashoko okupinda. Mawebsite akaita se USA.gov anoshanda semasuo emabasa ehurumende, achibatsira vagari vemo kuwana mashoko nebetsero zvavanoda.
Kubatanidzwa Mugadziriro Yokutungamirira
Vagari vanogona kupesvedzera mirau yamasangano kupfurikidza nokupa tsinhiro pamirau inokarakadzwa. Website .gov inogovera nzvimbo yapakati yokuwana mitemo inokarakadzwa netsinhiro dzinopa. Tsinhiro dzinofunga dzinogovera mashoko, kutsanangura miuyo, kana kuti kukarakadza zvimwe zvinogona kupesvedzera mirau yokupedzisira.
Masangano akawanda anoita misangano yepachena paanenge achitanga mitemo mikuru kana kuti pakuita zvisarudzo zvinokosha.
Kutsvaka Mashoko Nebetsero
Kunyange zvazvo mamwe mashoko asingabvumirwi kuzivisa mashoko echipauro, kuchengeteka kwenyika, kana kuti zvimwe zvikonzero, FOIA inogovera chishandiso chinokosha chokuona nokuzvidavirira kwehurumende.
Kana vagari vemo vaine zvinetso nemasangano kana kuti mapurogiramu ehurumende, vanogona kutsvaka rubatsiro kuvamiririri vavo vakasarudzwa muCongress.
Masangano akawanda ane vanhu kana mahofisi ebasa evatengi anobatsira vagari vemo kugadzirisa zvinetso uye kunyunyuta.
Hofisi Yakananga yaPurezidhendi
Hofisi Inotungamirira Purezidhendi (EOP) ine vashandi vakabatana naPurezidhendi, pamwe chete nemasangano akadai seHofisi Yokutarisira uye Dhayibhuresi uye Hofisi yeUnited States Trade Administration.
Hofisi Yokutarisira Nebhajeti
OMB inobatsira Purezidhendi mukugadzira mari yehurumende, iyo Purezidhendi anoisa kuCongress gore rimwe nerimwe.
OMB inohwirudzurawo mirau yakakarakadzwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti inowirirana nezvinoiswa pakutanga zvapurezidhendi uye inosvitsa mipimo yendyiko yendyiko. Iyi nhevedzano yokudzokororwa inopa pesvedzero huru yeWhite House pakuitwa kwoutongi hwesangano.
Dare Rezvechengeteko reNyika Yose
NSC inopa zano Purezidhendi pamusoro penhau dzechengeteko yenyika nenhau dzemitemo yokumwe. Dare rinounganidza vamiriri vakuru vaPurezidhendi pamusoro pedziviriro, uchenjeri, uye kukurukurirana kuti vatsinhirane nemitemo uye vagadzirire njodzi.
National Security Advisor, anotungamirira vashandi veNSC, anoshanda somumwe wevamiririri vePurezidhendi panhau dzenyika dzakawanda. NSC inoronga muitiro mumadhipatimendi akawanda namasangano anobatanidzwa muchengeteko yenyika.
Dare Ravatarisiri Vezvemari
CEA inopa Purezidhendi mazano uye kuongorora zvemari. Nyanzvi dzezveupfumi dzedare racho dzinoongorora mamiriro ezveupfumi, dzinoongorora zvirongwa zvemitemo, uye dzinobatsira kuronga nzira dzemari dzehurumende.
CEA inobudisa Economic Report yegore negore yePresidenti, iyo inonzvera migariro yemari uye inotsanangura miitiro yezvoupfumi yehurumende. Mushumo uyu unopa nzwisiso dzinokosha mukufunga kwetsika dzemari uye zvokutanga.
Dzimwe Hofisi DzeEOP
Office of Science and Technology Policy inopa zano pamusoro penhau dzesayenzi nedzekugadzira zvinhu kuti zvivepo zvinoronga mutemo wemhoteredzo. Office of National Drug Control Policy inoronga kuedza kudzora zvinodhaka mumasangano ose.
Hofisi yeWhite House inobatanidza vamiriri vePurezidhendi vava pedyosa vamasangano navashandi vanotarisira kurukurirano, nhau dzemitemo, gadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mimwe mibato. Iyi mitezo yavashandi inobetsera Purezidhendi kuisa zvokutanga, kukurukura navanhu, uye kushanda naCongress.
Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nebazu Rine Chiremera Chazvino Uno
Kunzwisisa zvinetso izvi kunobatsira vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuoma kunzwisisa kwemabasa ehurumende uye kukosha kwokuramba vachichinja uye kuvandudza.
Kutarisira Utongi Hukuru
Kuongorora kuti masangano anoshanda pamwe chete zvinobudirira, kusaita makambani anokopa, uye kuudza vamwe mashoko kunoda kuramba kuchiitwa.
Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanowanzotamburira kudzora hurumende uye vanova nechokwadi chokuti masangano anoshandisa mitemo yaanoda.Vashandi vehurumende vanoramba vachifambira mberi uye vane unyanzvi asi vangaramba kuchinja.
Kuchinjira Kuchinjo Yesayenzi
Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinogona kuita kuti hurumende ikwanise kuwanikwa uye ibudirire, asi zvinoita kuti kuchengeteka kwemakombiyuta kuve nengozi uye kunoda kuti pave nemabasa akawanda uye unyanzvi.
Masangano anoona nezvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu anofanira kudzivirira mashoko anobatsira panjodzi dzinokonzerwa nekombiyuta asi achiita kuti vanhu vawane mashoko akakodzera.
Kuchengeta Chivimbo Chavose
Kuvimbazve nehurumende kwaderera mumakumi emakore achangopfuura.
Kuedza kugadzirisa zvinhu, kuyera mashandiro anoitwa, uye kuvandudza kunoitwa nevanotenga zvinogona kubatsira kudzorera chivimbo.
Kugadzirisa Zvinetso Zvokushandisa Zvinhu Zvakaoma Kunzwisisa
Zvinetso zvakawanda zvanhasi zvinonetsa zvikuru(((masangano anokosha), kuchinja kwemakombiyuta, kupararira kwedesikitari, kugadzirira, kusaenzana kwemari(-aspects) kuwiriranisa mhinduro dzinodzorwa mumasangano akawanda nemwero yehurumende. Zvirongwa zvesangano nemaitiro zvingasafanira kugadzirisa zvinetso izvi zvakaoma, zvinosangana.
Varongwa vanofanira kuwana nzira dzokushanda pamwe chete zvinobudirira, kuudzana mashoko nezviwanikwa, uye kutanga nzira dzokuita nadzo zvinhu. Izvi zvinoda kuderedza maslos, kutanga ushamwari hutsva, uye kutanga nzira itsva dzokugadzirisa zvinetso.
Nguva Yemberi Yebasa Rebazu Rine Mutezo Wakaisvonaka
Sezvo chaunga cheAmerica chinochinja, bazu guru rinofanira kuchinjira kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvinochinja nekariro.
Masangano Ehurumende Anogadzira Zvemagetsi
Masangano ari kushanda kuti ape mabasa akawanda, kubva pakuronga mitero kusvika pakukumbira kubatsirwa kuti awane mashoko.
Masangano anogadzira mashoko anogona kuita kuti hurumende ive nyore kuwana, kunyanya kuvanhu vakaremara kana kuti vanogara kunzvimbo dziri kure. Anogonawo kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza mari. Zvisinei, masangano anofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti makombiyuta anoshandiswa nemunhu anoshandisa mashoko, akachengeteka, uye anowanika kuvanhu vose, kusanganisira vaya vasingawani kombiyuta yakavimbika.
Kusarudza Kunoita Zvisarudzo Zvemashoko
Masangano ari kushandisa nenzira inowedzera mashoko nezvinorapa kuvandudza kuita zvisarudzo, zviwanikwa zvanyajambwa zvinobudirira zvikuru, uye miuyo. Kubva mukudeya kutaura kutanga kwehosha kusvikira kukuzivisa kunyengera kusvikira kukunzvera kushanda kwepurogiramu, kunzvera mashoko kunogona kubetsera masangano kuita nokuchenjera ndokuwana miuyo iri nani.
Zvisinei, kushandisa mashoko nenzira inobudirira kunoda kudzivirira kuva woga, kuva nechokwadi chokuti mashoko anokosha, uye kuvaka simba rokushandisa mashoko.
Kudzora Kune Unyanzvi
Bazi rinotungamirira riri kutanga nzira itsva dzokushanda nehurumende uye hurumende, vanhu vanoshanda pamwe chete, masangano asingashandisi mari, uye vanhu vemunyika yacho kuti vagadzirise matambudziko avanosangana nawo.
Uku kurapa kunobatira pamwe kunogona kushandisa unyanzvi hwakasiana - siana nezviwanikwa, kuvaka tsigiro huru zvikuru nokuda kwezvigadzikiso, uye kuwana miuyo iyo pasina sangano rimwe ringagona kuita riri roga.
Kufambira Mberi Kwebasa
Kuendesa vanhu vane unyanzvi kubasa rehurumende kunoshanda kunoda mari yokukwikwidzana, basa rine chinangwa, mikana yokubudirira kwenyanzvi, uye mabasa emazuva ano.
Masangano ari kushanda kuti avake mabasa akasiyana - siyana anoratidza nzanga dzaari kushanda, uye ari kugadzirawo nzira itsva dzokutsvaka nadzo vanhu, kuvadzidzisa, uye kuvachengeta vane unyanzvi hwokutsoropodza mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai sokusachengeteka kwemakombiyuta, sayenzi yemashoko, uye mabasa okugadzira mashoko.
Mupedzi: Basa Rinokosha Rebazi Rine Vatungamiriri
Kubva pakudzivirira kuchengeteka kwezvokudya kusvika pakutarisira nyika dzavose, kubva pakutarisira bhizimisi remari kusvika pakutarisira njodzi, masangano anotungamirira anenge ose enzanga yeAmerica anobata mativi ose ehurumende.
Kunzwisisa kuti bazu guru rinoshanda sei — ibasa raro, masimba, mitoro, uye ganhuriro — zvinobetsera vagari vemo vanopinda nenzira inobudirira zvikuru nehurumende yavo.Kunyange kukumbira betsero, kutsinhira pamirau, kutsvaka betsero, kana kuti kungogara bedzi vachiziva, vagari vemo vanonzwisisa bazu rapamusoro vanogona zviri nani kutsigira fariro dzavo uye kuva nomutoro wehurumende.
Bazu guru rinotarisana nedenho huru mukubatira nzanga yakasiana - siana neyakaoma.
Sevagari vemo, tose tine danda mukuva nechokwadi chokuti bazu guru rinoshanda zvinobudirira uye rinobatira fariro yavose.
Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pebazu ravakuru vakuru uye nzira yokuwana nayo mabasa ehurumende, shanyira USA.gov, nhungamiro yapamutemo kumashoko ehurumende namabasa. Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pamadhipatimendi akati namasangano, kunzvera mawebsite avo mamwe namamwe kana kuti bvunza [[FLT] United States Government Manual[, bhuku repamutemo rehurumende.