Chitanga: Kukotsekana Kwezvokudya

Zvokudya zvose zvinopfuura nomumugove wakaoma unovambira mumapurazi uye kundogadzira nzvimbo dzokuparadzira, nzvimbo, uye nzvimbo dzokutengesa. Kurangarira kuti zvokudya zviri pandiro iyoyo zvakakotsekana, zvakanaka, uye zvakanyorwa zvakanaka kunoda gadziriro youtariri iyo yose iri miviri yakasimba uye inoda. Pamwoyo wegadziriro iyoyo imadhipati ezvokurima noutano hwavose. Nepo masangano ehurumende akadai se .S. Zvokudya nezvinodhaka (FLT) [FLT] [F:1] uye [FLT] Food Safety ne Inssurective Instectiontion (FSIS)) anodzivirira nokutarisira kutengeserana, anotonga kuti nhevedzano yezvokudya, miraudzo yomunzvimbomo ishake miraidzo, uye miraudzo inobatira mutengo basa rapachena basa.

Basa ramadhipatimendi ehurumende rakatowedzera kuoma zvikuru mumakore achangobva kupfuura sezvo kugadzirwa kwezvokudya kunova kwakawanda, utachiona hutsva hunobuda, uye vatengi vanokarira kuti ufakazi huwedzere. Nyaya inonzvera kuti madhipatimendi ehurumende anoita sei basa rawo (kubva pakunzvera kwenguva dzose nokudzikamisa dzidzo yavose uye kubatira pamwe nehurumende .) uye inonzvera denho dzaanotarisana nadzo munzvimbo inogarochinja.

Mabasa eDhipatimendi Rezvokuchengeteka Kwezvokudya reHurumende

Madhipatimendi ehurumende anoshanda chaizvoizvo mugadziriro yezvoutano hwehurumende, dhipatimendi rezvokurima, kana kuti sangano rakabatanidzwa. Chiremera chawo chinobva mumitemo yehurumende nemitemo yezvokudya zvinodzorwa, zvizhinji zvazvo zvinoumbwa ne FDA Food Conde [. Masangano aya anoshanda nemitoro yakafara inobatanidza kugadzirwa kwezvokudya zvose neresipo.

Kunyoresa Nokunyoresa

Pamberi penzvimbo yezvokudya ingagona kushanda, inofanira kuwana rezinesi kana kuti kunyoreswa kubva kuchiremera chehurumende chakakodzera. Iyi nzira inovimbisa kuti mabhizimisi anosvitsa zvinodikanwa zvishoma zvokuchengeteka asati atanga kubata zvokudya. Madhipatimendi ehurumende anotarisira iyi gadziriro dzezvivako zvitsva, uye chengeta manyuko anobetsera kunyoresa nhau. Chikamu chekunyoresa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji ibanza rokutanga kuti vaongorori vadzidzisi vadzidzise pamusoro pemise yavo pasi pehurumende nomutemo wehurumende.

Kuongorora Muitiro Nengozi

Kunzvera kunoramba kuri fandesheni yepurogiramu dzekotsekano yezvokudya zvehurumende. Vanzveri vanoshanyira maresitorendi, zvitoro, nzvimbo dzokugadzira zvokudya, nzvimbo dzokuchengetera zvokudya, mahotera, uye makicheni okurongedza mamiriro ezvinhu nemiitiro. Vanonzvera kudzorwa kwakafanira kwetembiricha, kudzivirirwa kwemichinjikwa, kushata kwezviteshi zvokugeza maoko, kutarisirwa kwezvipembenene, uye utsanana. Nyika zhinji zvino dzinoshandisa miuyo yengozi yakavakirwa pamitengo yakakwirira yengozi yakakwirira yezvizvarwa zvavagari vemo kana kuti kubatira vabati vezvimbambaira zvisina kufanira. Iyi inodzorwa kazhinji kupfuura zviwidzo kuti zvigove zvakaganhurirwa kuiswa purodziro padziripo dzoutano.

Mukati monzvero, nyanzvi dzezveutano dzemhoteredzo dzinosimbisawo kuti vashandi vane rovedzo yakafanira uye kuti miitiro yose yokutarisira zvokudya iripo. Vanounganidza mienzaniso nokuda kwokunzvera kwerabhoritari apo kunenge kuri madikanwa, kunzvera mavhiri se Salmonella, [[FLT]], [FLT] Literation Monocytogenes , kana kuti E.[FLT] O15:7]. Zviwanwa zvinonyorwa mumishumo yokunzvera, izvo zvinoitwa nenzira inowedzera kuva zvinowanika paIndaneti kuti zvisimutsigire pakubudisa muwaranzi.

Kumanikidza uye Zviito Zvinoruramisa

Apo kuputswa kunoziviswa, madhipatimendi ehurumende ane nhevedzano yezvishandiso zvokushandisa. Nokuda kwenhau duku, vaongorori vanopa chiziviso chokuputswa uye vanoda gadziridzo mukati mefanirudzo yakati. Zvinetso zvakakomba zvakadai sezvisingaparadziro zvinoshanda, kushaikwa kwemvura inonakisa, kana kuti ufakazi hwechirwere chezvokudya zvinoparirwa nezvokudya zvinoparira kuvharwa nokukurumidza. Vapari vemhosva vangatarisana nefaindi, kusundwa, kana kuti kubviswa kwerezinesi yavo yokushanda. Madhipatimendi anewo chiremera chokutora nokuparadza zvigadzirwa zvezvokudya zvakashatiswa. Izvi zviito zvokuchengeta hazvisi muuyo nokuda kwavo vamene; zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa zvokudya kukuvadzwa kuva zvisingachengeteki kusvika vatengi uye kukurudzira kutevedzerwa kupfuurira.

Kupfuura matanho okuranga, masangano akawanda ehurumende anopa rubatsiro rwokuzvidira. Anopa magwaro okutungamirira, mashopu okurovedza, uye marongedzero okubetsera mabhizimisi kunzwisisa nokusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvokutungamirira. Uku kusvika kuviri kwakabatanidzwa nedzidzo kwakaratidzwa kuva kunoshanda zvikuru kupfuura mutoo upi noupi bedzi.

Nzvero Yapamhene Nokupindura

Apo zvikamu zvechirwere chinoparadzirwa nezvokudya zvinoshumwa, madhipatimendi ehurumende ndiwo okutanga kupindura. Varapy vehosha dzinorwara vanoronda vanhu vachidzokera shure kunzvimbo dzakavanzwa, nepo nyanzvi dzezvemhoteredzo dzinoita nzvero dzebundo panzvimbo dzezvokudya uye vagoveri vadzore. Hurumende yezvoutano inonzvera marabhoritari ezvokuyera nokuedza zvokudya kuti zvione kuti afeyipirwe ndokuienzanisa napanotangira. Iri basa rinowanzoitwa mukusanovanzaniswa kwapedyo ne Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)[FLTY:1] uye FDA serutivi rweFodboriverive Dise Outbrection Surveillance Surve Cance.

Nzvero dzepanhambo nenhambo dzehurumende ndidzo mhedziso dzoutano hwavanhu vose hunoshandiswa. Dzinoda kudzorwa nokukurumidza, kurukurirano yapakarepo, uye mano okubvunzurudza varwere nokunzvera marekodhi mudzvinyiriro. Zvidzidzo zvadzidzwa kubva mukutanga kumwe nokumwe kuzivisa chinjo kumirairo nemiitiro yeindasitiri, zvichibetsera kudzivisa zvinoitika zvomunguva yemberi.

Kuronga Nokuronga Nemasangano Nezvemasangano

Madhipatimendi ekotsekano yezvokudya zvehurumende haashandi ari oga. Gadziriro yezvokudya yeUnited States ibatira pamwe, nomwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende ichiita basa rakasiana. Masangano ehurumende anogadza mipimo yakafanana yezvokudya zvinogadzirwa mumitsetse yehurumende uye yezvigadzirwa zvakapinzwa kunze kwenyika. Hurumende dzine chiremera pamusoro pezvokudya zvinogadzirwa ndokutengeswa mumiganhu yadzo, pamwe chete nokugadzirwa kwezvokudya zvezvitoro. Zvisinei, muganhu hauna kuoma; zvibvumirano zvinobatira pamwe zvinobvumira nzvero dzehurumende uye kutevedzerwa kwemasangano ehurumende.

Munyasi meFDA [FFA:0] Food Safety Modertiation Act [[FLM]], miganhu yakapiwa mitoro mitsva yokuitisa nzvero yamapurazi nezvivako zvezvokudya izvo zvakanyoreswa neFDA. FSMA yakarairawo kutangwa kweFOD System yeIntetrated Food Safety System, iyo inotsamira pazvibvumirano kuita chikamu chinokosha chenzvero dzomumba. Kutsigira ikoku, FV inogovera mari, rovedzo, uye miitiro yetsika kuvimbisa kusachinjana mumitezo.

Nenzira yakafanana, USDA FSIS inoshandisa gadziriro yenzvero yehurumende yenyama, huku, uye zvigadzirwa zvezai zvakagadzirwa, asi nyika dzakawanda dzinewo gadziriro dzadzo dzokunzvera nyama nokuda kwokushanda kuduku kana kuti kwetsika. Iyi gadziriro yenyika inofanira kuva “yakaenzana ne” mipimo yehurumende, uye vaongorori veUSDA nguva nenguva vanoihwirudzura kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti iteererwa.

Kugoverana mashoko pakati pehurumende nehurumende kwakawedzerwa zvikuru nezvikuva zvakadai se FoodSHIELD synet ne [FDAT:2] FDA’s Registry [. Kukurukurirana kwerapidhi mukati mekuvamba kwemusangano, kungwaririra kwemaemail, uye kudhindanwa kwemapepa kunobudiswa [FDALT] zvine tyisidziro pamberi pokupararira zvikuru. Iyi gadziriro yezvikwaniriso yezvokudya, asi inoisawo mutoro unorema pamasangano kuti ichengetedze basa uye ichengetedze nezvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Nokuvandudza Mugadziriro Dzokunzvera Zvehurumende

Madhipatimendi ehurumende ari kushandisa ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kuti avandudze kushanda zvakanaka uye kushanda kwezvokudya zvawo. Masangano akawanda akatama kubva pazvimiro zvenzvero yakavakirwa pamapepa kuenda kumahwendefa emagetsi, achibvumira vaongorori kutora mashoko panzvimbo uye kuisa mishumo munguva chaiyo. Izvi hazvingoregi bedzi kuderedza zviremera zviri pamusoro pevhu asi zvinogonesawo kuongororwa kwokukurumidza kwetsika munzvimbo nenzvimbo.

Maturusi engozi yokudeya kutaura, akadai seFDA’s [FDA:0] Kuongorora kwakavakirwa panjodzi yeProftice Compliance Commitation (PRETICT) gadziriro yengozi iri kugadzirirwa kushandiswa semhuri. Dzimwe nyika dziri kuedza kudzidza maarufabheti anoongorora migumisiro yenhau, mashoko okunyunyuta, uye zvinhu zvekugara pamwe kuti zvione zvinhu zvingangoda kupunzirwa. Iyi mijenya inobatsira kugovera mibato yokuongorora zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma kumabasa ekare.

Kumwe kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemavhidhiyo ari kure nokuda kwemimwe miitiro, marobhoti anotora zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakuratidza zvinhu zviri pedyo, uye maapps anobvumira vatengi kuona nzvero uye kushuma zvinonetsa zvakananga kuvatungamiriri. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzinoverengeka dzinopa makombiyuta anokwanisa kuongororwa vanhu panguva ino paIndaneti apo vanogona kuwana migumisiro yezvinotengirwa nezvinenge zvava kutengesa zvokudya.

Sayenzi yerabhoratory yakabetserwawo nokugadzirwa. Vagadziri veDNA vanofamba vachipa nhevedzano yeDNA namakabhoroko okuedza anokurumidza anoita kuti marabhoritari ehurumende azive majemusi mumaawa panzvimbo pamazuva, kukurumidzisa nzvero dzokutanga. Genomeseji yose zvino itsika yendarama yokuenzanisa naanorapika zvokudya, uye dare rerabhoritari dzoutano dzinopa mipiro mikuru kuIndaneti yenyika yeWingNet inobatanwa neCDC.

Kurovedza Nokufambira Mberi Kwebasa

Vashandi vanorovedzwa zvakanaka vanokosha nokuda kwokutarisirwa kwezvokudya zvinochengeteka. Madhipatimendi ehurumende anoisa mari yakawanda mukubudirira kwenyanzvi dzezvipo zvavo, nyanzvi dzezveutano hwemhoteredzo, uye vashandi verabhoritari. Masangano mazhinjisa anoda kuti vaongorori vawane chibvumikiso mu Standard yeFDA’s Food Safety Inspection uye kupedza dzidzo yokupfuurira yegore negore pamisoro yakadai sesprotogens, allergen Control, uye kugadziridzwa kwazvinongoitwa.

Mukuwedzera kurovedzo yavashandi, madhipatimendi ehurumende anotangawo nokupa mapurogiramu okurovedza nokuda kweindasitiri yezvokudya. Nyika zhinji dzinoda nzvimbo dzezvokudya kuti dzive namaneja wezvokudya anopupurirwa pavashandi. Idzi magwaro anogamuchirwa nenzira inowanzoshandiswa kupfurikidza nepurogiramu yakanyorerwa, namakirasi anowanzodzidziswa kana kuti kutenderwa nedhipatimendi rezvoutano rehurumende. Mitezo inopawo zvirongwa zvokuzvidira zvokurovedza vashambadziri vezvokudya zvepamba, vatengesi vemisika, uye mamota ezvokudya, vachibetsera vashambadza mabhizimisi vaduku kuti vawirirane nhevedzano nemitemo yekotsekano yekotsekano yeko nepo nepokuchengeta mabhizimisi avo achibudirira.

Kufambira mberi kwebasa kunopfuura unyanzvi hwezvokugadzira zvinhu. Nenzira inowedzera, masangano ehurumende ari kunangidzira ngwariro pakurukurirano nemukwikwidzano wetsika kuti abatire zviri nani vagari vapasi vakasiyana - siyana. Vanzveri vanogona kutsanangura zvinodikanwa muchiSpain, chiChina, kana kuti chiVietnamese, somuenzaniso, vanogona kuvaka chivimbo ndokuvandudza kuwirirana munzanga umo chiNgezi chisati chiri mutauro mukuru. Kuvaka mapapu enyanzvi itsva dzekotsekano yezvokudya kupfurikidza nemibatanidzwa yeyunivhesiti ndiimwe nzvimbo yokutanga, inopiwa kukwegura kwavashandi vanonzvera vazvino.

Dzidzo Yavose Nokuwana Mutengi

Madhipatimendi ehurumende anoziva kuti kuchengeteka kwezvokudya hausi mutoro wehurumende nemaindasitiri chete, uye vanhu vanoita basa rinokosha pakudzivirira zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvokudya nokushandisa zvokudya zvisina ngozi pamba.

Misoro yedzidzo inozivikanwa navose inobatanidza ``NHAU YOKUDZIVIRA!'] Nheyo dzinonzi `Chene, yakaparadzana, Cook, neChill(imo nenhungamiro pamusoro pokudzivisa zvokudya zvine ngozi mukati memitengo yezvokudya, kunzwisisa mapepa ezvokudya, uye unyanzvi hwakafanira hwokugeza maoko. Madhipatimendi ehurumende anoparadzirawo mashoko mukati meFooooooowatety Education Month (Spertber) uye mubiyaro nezvikoro kuti zvikoro zvibatanidze zvokudya muutano.

Mukati meyeuko kana kuti kutanga, madhipatimendi ehurumende kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo manyuko anovimbwa ayo vanhu vanotendeukira kwaari nokuda kwamashoko anowirirana nomusi unovambira. Anodhinda anobudisa, anovandudza mawebsite avo, uye pane dzimwe nguva anogadzira mitsetse inopisa kupindura mibvunzo yavatengi. Kurukurirano yavose inoshanda haisi kungobetsera bedzi vanhu kuzvidzivirira vamene asiwo inoderedza bviro yokuvhunduka kana kuti kuparadzirwa kwenhema.

Kubva pakungoerekana vatanga kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvakadai se “marori ezvokudya”, mhedzi dzemashoko dzinoyeuka, uye mamota okurovedza zvokudya zvepaIndaneti evashandi vechikoro.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nemadhipatimendi Ezvokudya Zvehurumende

Pasinei zvapo nokuzvitsaurira kwavo nounyanzvi, madhipatimendi ehurumende anotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinokosha zvinotyisidzira mano awo okuchengeta mipimo yekotsekano yezvokudya. Chinodzivisa zvikurusa kupiwa mari. Ndyiko dzehurumende dzakawanda dzekotsekano yezvokudya hadzina kuvambirana kukwira nokukwira kwemitengo kana kuti kuwedzera kwavagari vemo. Ikoku kunotungamirira kukuperevedza kusingagumi muvashandi vanonzvera, simba rerabhoritari, uye zvishandiso zvokurovedza. Dzimwe nyika dzakamanikidzwa kuderedza kunzvera kwemiitiro, dzichitsamira zvikuru pakusvika kwokunyunyuta kana kuti njodzi.

Kuperevedza kwevashandi kunowedzerwa nezvinetso mukunyoresa nokuchengeta nyanzvi dzinokwanisa. Basa romunzveri wekotsekano yezvokudya rinoraira muviri, rinoda zivo huru yemichina, uye kazhinji kazhinji rinobatanidza kushanda manheru kana kuti kupera kwamavhiki kuti rigova namarongerwe enzvimbo. Munguva ino, mabasa emapoka avanhu muvimbiso yekuva nechokwadi chakanaka navatariri vezvokudya anogona kupa mari yakakwirira nemaawa anodzorwa zvikuru. Somuuyo, masangano ehurumende anowanzoshanda nenzvimbo dzokusara, kuwedzera kwemitoro yebasa uye kuparira kuneta.

Rimwe denho inowedzera kuoma kwegadziriro yezvokudya imene. Mitoo mitsva yokugadzira zvokudya yakadai sehydroponic, mapuroteni akagadzirwa namasero, uye kugoverwa kwezvokudya paIndaneti bedzi (hakuna apo mabumbiro ezvokudya enyika akawanda akanyorwa. Vadzori vanofanira kududzira mitemo iripo kuti iwirirane nemigariro mitsva, kazhinji kazhinji pasina nhungamiro yakajeka yehurumende. Kukwira kwemitengo yakananga kupfurikidza nemisika yavarimi nefekitari dzinotsigira nzanga kunovharawo muganhu pakati pezvitengo nezvinotengeswa, kumutsa mibvunzo yezvokudzora.

Pakupedzisira, chinjo yomugariro wokunze iri kuparira ngozi itsva idzo madhipatimendi ehurumende ari kungotanga bedzi kurwisana nadzo. Tembiricha dzehondo dzinopfavisa kukura kweutachiona hwakafanana ne Vibrio [ munzungu, nepo zvinoitika zvemamiriro okunze zvakakomba zvinogona kukurira gadziriro dzokurapa kwemvura nokushatisa zvirimwa. Rongedzero dzehurumende dzinofanira kushanduka kuti dzigadzirire kupedza tyisidziro idzi dziri kumuka.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Nezvirongwa Zvitsva

Achiziva denho dziri mberi, madhipatimendi ehurumende ari kuronda nzira dzakasiana-- siyana dzegadziriro dzazvino uno dzekotsekano yezvokudya. Vazhinji vari kutsigira nokuda kwemari yakawedzerwa uye yakadzikama inobva kudzose dziri mbiri hurumende uye hurumende inogovera mapurogiramu. Food Safety and Inspective Service (FLT)[FLT:] [[FLT]] na [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FOLT] , FDAY] F [F] na [[NAH:] Envity Association yezvouatiko) youtano [FLT]

Pamberi peruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kugamuchirwa kwe blockchain inosarira yakavakirwa pa miitiro iri kuongororwa kubvumira kunenge kupererwa kwezvinhu zvinobatanidzwa munguva yokuputika. Kufanofungidzira kunoitwa noungwaru hwokugadzira kungagona kukurumidza kubetsera nyika dzinodeya kuputsa zvinhu padzingangova nengozi, kunyange pasati paiswa nyunyuto. Maapu anogonesa kunzvera kuri kure--* kuvhura vhidhiyo kuti aone miitiro inoshanda munguva chaiyo.-CHOVID-19 yakaedzwa kuti ive chishandiso chenguva dzose nokuda kwedzimwe nguva dzinotevera njodzi.

Madhipatimendi ehurumende ari kuisawo mari musayenzi ye yokudzora kuti avambirane nezvokudya zvemanovhe. Somuenzaniso, ari kufambidzana nayunivhesiti kunzvera ngozi dzemicrobical yakabatana nenyama yakavakirwa pamiti, chizi remukaka, uye zvigadzirwa zvinodyiwa. Mashoko anovapo anobetsera kuzivisa zvisarudzo zvemiitiro yakavakirwa pazvirimwa.

Imwe nhungamiro inovimbisa i kuiswa kwekotsekano yezvokudya nezvirongwa zveutano hwavanhu vose zvakafara. Dzimwe nyika dziri kubatanidza mashoko enzvero dzezvokudya nezvinyorwa zvezvokurapa kuti dzione zviratidzo zvapakuvamba zvezvirwere, kana kuti kushanda pamwe chete negadziriro dzemvura dzakanaka kuti dzigadzirise kushata kwemhoteredzo kunotapura zvokudya. Iyi “Utano humwe” hunoziva kubatana pakati pomunhu, mhuka, uye utano hwemhoteredzo.

Pakupedzisira, zvinyorwa zviri kusimbisa ukoshi hwe kusasarura nokusasarura mukotsekano yezvokudya. Kurangarira kuti vatami vebhizimisi, varimi vomumaruwa, uye nzanga dzinowanwa dzakaderera dzine kusvika kwakaenzana kumashoko nezvipfumi chinhu chikuru chinokura. Zvinhu zvinowanika mumutauro, mayunifomu enzvero, uye batira pamwe namasangano enzanga zviri kubetsera mabhuroko.

Mugumisiro: Kudzivirira Ruzivo Rwavanhu, Kuongororwa Kumwe Panguva

Basa ramadhipatimendi ehurumende mukuvimbisa kuva nechokwadi chekotsekano yezvokudya nenzvero harigoni kunyanyonyorwa. Aya meso, nzeve, uye maoko egadziriro yezvokudya zvenyika. Kupfurikidza nokudzivirira zvokudya, kunzvera, kupfuurira, mhinduro yapamhene, dzidzo yavose, uye kuvandudziko dzinopfuurira, aya masangano anoshanda nesimba kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti zvokudya zvatinodya zvakakotsekana. Zvisinei, zvinodikanwa pazviri zviri kukura, nepo pfuma isati iri. Kutsigira madhipatimendiro ezvokudya ehurumende (kudzivirira zvokudya) kupfurikidza nokushandisa kwakakwana, zvishandiso zvazvino uno uno, uye kubatana kwakasimba kusiri nhau yokudzorwa kwokudzorwa kwemitemo; inhauwo bedzi muutano hwepachena noukuru hwemari. Sezvinopfuurira tsika yezvokudya kukura, kuzvipira kwemadhipatimendiro yebasa yawo kunoramba iripo, kusimbisa kuchengeteka nokuko yezvokudya nokuda kwezvokudya zvose.