Kutanga: Simba Risingatauri Rokushanda Kwevagari Vomunyika muJapan

Democracy yeJapan inowanzorondedzerwa segadziriro yakakwirira inodzorwa neLiberal Democratic Party (LDP) nenzvimbo ine simba yehurumende. Kunyange zvazvo pasi peiyi nzvimbo yakatsiga, masangano ehurumende akagadziridza achinjazvezve nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yorudzi. Kuvambira panhimbe dzinorwisana neparapatiko mumisipi ya 1960 kusvikira kudzvinyiriro yepashure peFukushima yenyukireya, vagari vemo vemo vemo vakarongwa, vadzoresa, uye kudzorwa kudzorwa kwemitemo yebato yenzanga nedzemhoteredzo yakapoteredza. Masangano aya haasi masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anowirirana nemitemo yeJapan; ari madikanwa kuiosei, kugadziridza, uye kuita kudzvinyiriro yavose. Kunzwisisa basa ravo kunozivisa kutamba kukuru pakati pezviito zvouswa nesangano renyika dzamapuranga.

Kubudirira kwamasangano ehurumende muJapan kuri mutsungiriro yawo nemhatsa yamano. Vakashandisa zviito zvomumugwagwa, vatengi, vapfuri, uye masangano enhau kuti vawedzere zvinodikanwa zvavo. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika (zvikurukuru veLDP, Komeito, uye chishoro) zvakamanikidzirwa kubatanidza izvi zvinodikanwa mumapuratifomu avo, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji munzira dzechiito kana kuti dzokufananidzira. Nyaya ino inonzvera midziro yenhau yemasangano ehurumende eJapan, marudzi nevavariro dzawo akasiana - siana, miuyo yavo chaiyoiyo pamagariro enhau chaiwoiwo, uye denho dzinopfuurira. Kuita saizvozvo, tinosimbisa kuti kutora rutivi kunoramba kuri madikanwa sei, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji pasi pechiJapan, simba ramatongerwe enyika.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Ekare Emasangano eCovic muJapan

Tsika yeJapan yokuronga kwehurumende yakarongwa yakatanga mushure meHondo Yenyika II, sezvo nyika yacho yakagamuchira hurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende pasi pehurumende yakabatana.Bumbiro idzva rinovimbisa kodzero dzinokosha, kubatanidza kodzero yokuungana norugare uye kusonganirana.Vagari vakavamba nokukurumidza kuumba mapoka okutsigira rugare, kodzero dzebasa, uye garikano.

Pashure peHondo Rugare Nemibato Yebasa (1945-1960)

Mukupera kwama 1940 na 1950, masangano avashandi kufanana neGeneral Council of Trade Unions (Sōhyō) akaronga kurova kukuru nemisangano yezvamatongerwe enyika kuraira migariro yokushanda iri nani ndokushora miitiro yetsika yeLDP ichangobva kuumbwa. Zvibvumirano zvorugare zvakatanga mukupindura kuwirirana neHondo yeDemoult nebvumirano yeJapan neUnited States. 1959-1960 inorwisana neU.S.S-Japan Security Treaty Trects (Apo) inobatanidza mamirioni avagari vemo munyika yose. Kunyange zvazvo chibvumirano chacho pakupedzisira chakatenderwa, kutsutsutsumwa kwakamanisira kubviswa kwePutuk naMakurukota Nobus Kieshi uye yakatanga muenzaniso une simba nokuda kwokuungana kwavagari vemo.

Zvakatipoteredza uye Kushandisa Miitiro Yevanhu (1960s -1970)

Kunaya kwezvemari kwakaunza shatiso yakakomba yenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kuchitungamirira kuhosha dzakadai se Maimata [ neItai-tai hosha. Vanyajambwa nenzanga dzomunzvimbomo vakatanga kuputsa hondo dzapamutemo mukurwisana namasangano, vachiwina mirau yakatanhamara yakamanikidza hurumende kusimbisa mirau yemhoteredzo. Iyi fambiro iyi yakanga iri pakati peyokutanga kushandisa chishandiso chenjo yechinjo. Mapokawo akadzvinyirira hurumende kuisa Mutemo waSikisi weZvokushambadza Kushatisa Kushatisa Kwemhoteredzo Muganhuro muna 1967 uye gare gare gare gare gare Iparati yeInde yeInza yeIndeko.

Mudzidzi neNhume Itsva Dzakabva Kuruboshwe (1968 -1970)

Mukupera kwama 1960 kwakava nefungu rokunyunyuta kwavadzidzi pamayunivhesiti muJapan mose, vachiraira chinjo yedzidzo uye kushora Hondo yeVietnam.

Masangano Makuru Ezvikwata Nepesvedzero Yazvo

Miitiro yazvo inochinja kubva pakuchinja kwemitemo kusvika pakuchinja hurukuro yavose, iyo inozodzvinyirira vanhu kuti vave nemaonero matsva.

Masangano Emhoteredzo

Sangano remhoteredzo reJapan rachinja kubva pakurwisa kushatisa kwomunzvimbomo kuenda kugadziridza chinjo yemamiriro okunze enyika. Masangano asingapinduri purofiti akadai seJapan Environmental Alliance neFe Japan akatsvaka nokuda kwezvinotarwa zvesimba zvinomutsidzirwa neganhuriro dzegasi regreenhouse rePurce. Muna 2012, pashure pengwavaira yeFukushima, mapoka avagari vemo akabetsera kusunda National Diet kupfuudza National Seast-in Tariffriff Act, iyo yakamhanya zuva nezuva nemhepo. Mibato yepwere yakadai seDurth for Future Japan yakaita kuti purofice chikoro, ichimanikidza hurumende kuvandudza mamiriro acho [[FLT:]] kuti ipfuuregy kupfurikidza na 20:1.[FLT]

Rugare Nemasangano Anorwisana Nenyukireya

Japan inoramba iri nyika bedzi yakatambura kubhomba kweatomu, ichipa simba rayo retsika dzakasiyana neretsika. Kuramba kwakapararira kurwisa nyukireya pashure pa2011 Fukushima Daiichi inyunguduka zvisina kumboitika muurefu uye nguva. Muna 2012, kuratidzwa kukuru pamberi peDiet kwakakweva vanhu 200 000. Hurumende yeLDP payakatanga kudzivisa danidzo dzokuvhara zvechigarire magweta, dzvinyiriro yakapfuuridzirwa kukutangwa kwemipimo yekotsekanyo yekotsekano yechaidzo nenhambo yapashoma napashoma napa duku yesimba renyukireya. Zvizhinji zvino zvino zvino zvino kudzivisa kutangazve kugadzirwa kwegwejeti rezvo zvomunzvimbomo nemhaka yokuzivisa nzanga uye kubatira nzanga.

Ruramisiro Yenzanga Nemapoka Ane Kuenzana Kwevanhu Nevanhu

Masangano ekodzero dzavakadzi uye kubatanidzwa kwevashoma zvikuru akura mukuoneka nokupesvedzera. Kukowo Musangano weJapan # Metoo) wakaunza nhau dzekunetswa kwevatano nedenho mumhedziro, kuchitungamirira ku chinjo mumitemo yebasa nemitemo yeutsotsi. LGBT+ advocations system se Roagelity for All Japan yave iri muteshi yeboka rekubatana kwevatano kumwe chete. Saunitations 2025, anopfuura 300 yakaita kuti zvisarumbiso zvevatano, uye muna 2023 Dare roruwa reSapto rakatonga kuti roorano imwe cheteyo yakanga isina kubatanidzwa. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru maDidemocratic Par Party eJapan (DP) akabatanidza kuenwo nokuenyoseidzo dzamate nekodzero dzakaenzana dzavanhukadzi muiyi LT) akabatanidza maruramiro avo mukuita.

Makambani Evashandi

Masangano avashandi agara aripo akaona kuva mitezo kuchiderera, asi zvimiro zvitsva zvechiito chokushanda zvakatanga pakati pevashandi venguva imwe navashandi vanobatira. “Ippan Shokunin” sangano rakarongwa kuti ride mibhadharo inokwana nedziviriro dzenzanga. Nhamburiko idzi dzakabetsera kugadziriswa kweChineidzo cheMitemo yeMitemo yeBambo, iyo yakasuma murairo wakasimba wezvibvumirano zvenguva yakagadzwa neripi remari yakaenzana nokuda kwebasa. Chirevo chinotonga cha LDDP chakamanikidzirwa kukurukura kuchinjika muyakana yapangidzira yebasa yeJapan.

Michina Yokupesvedzera: Nzira Iyo Masangano Anochinja Nayo Muitiro Weboka

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunobatsira kuti unzwisise kuti zvinoshanda sei.

Chiito Chakananga Nezviito Zvehondo

Kuratidzira kukuru kunoparira mirangariro yavose yakasimba yezvinobudisa nhau. Kuramba kweAnti-Anto kwa1960 uye misangano inorwisana nenyukireya ya 2011-2012 mienzaniso yakakurumbira. Zviito zvakadaro kazhinji kazhinji zvinopesvedzera murangariro wavose uye zvinogona kumanikidza mapatsi kurangarirazve nzvimbo dzavo, kunyange kana vasingachinji muitiro nokukurumidza.

Kurambana uye Kuomerwa Nemitemo

Matare eJapan ave achisasarura munhau, asi kukwikwidzana mutsika kunoitwa namapoka ehurumende kwakabudisa mitemo inokosha. Kutonga kwemhoteredzo muma 1970 kwakatanga muenzaniso wemhosva dzebhizimisi, nepo kukwikwidza mhaka kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi pamusoro peroorano dzevatano nekotsekano yenyukireya kwakasunda mapoka nevanogadza mitemo kugadzirisa izvi zvikanganiso. Kukunda kwapamutemo, kunyange kana gare gare kukapidisika, kunoparira simba rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kupambadza uye Kurambidza Kushandisa Mitemo

Vakawanda vakavamba NGOs kushandisa mikoto yakarongwa, yakadai sokupa tsinhiro dzavose, kusangana navaiti vemitemo, uye kutora rutivi mudare rehurumende. Japan Association for the 2000 Women’s Decade, somuenzaniso, yakatsvaka nenzira inobudirira kupfuudzwa kwoMutemo weSicial Law weGerder-Equal Society muna 1999. Mapoka maduku akabatanawo namapoka anoshora, zvikurukuru CDPJ nechiKomonisiti yeJapan, kusuma zvikwereti muDity.

Kuparidzwa Kwezvinhu Zvepabonde uye Kwemadhigirii

“# MYHUSBAN ISAPEINGTom” Nhimbe yokurwisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwemhuri yakawana mifungo yamamirioni ndokusunda hurumende kuhwirudzura mitemo. Kukumbira kwemadhipatimendi seChinjo. org kwakabvumikisawo kuva kunobudirira; 2022 kukumbira kurambidza kurapa kwokutendeutsa kwakaunganidzwa zvisaini zvinopfuura 100 000 uye kwakaparira kurambidza muitiro wacho.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvakadzama

Fundo Yakatarwa Nayo 1: Kufamba Kwenyukireya Pashure peFukushima

Musi waApril 10, 2011, vanhu vakawanda muTokyo vakakumbira kuti simba renyukireya ripere. Kupemberera kwevhiki nevhiki kunze kwehofisi yemukuru mukuru wehurumende kwakava chirongwa chakarongwa nemapoka akaita se “Shalana Genpatsu, ” (Good Niclear).

Sangano racho rakawana migumisiro mizhinji. Rakamanikidza yaichimbova Gurukota Naoto Kan kuti itange nzvero yekotsekano yenyukireya. Muna 2012, hurumende yakatanga gadziriro itsva yesimba yaivavarira kuderedza kutsamira kwenyukireya. Kunyange zvazvo LDP pasi peShinzo Abe yakachinja mativi egadziriro iyoyo, masangano omunzvimbomo akabudirira mukudzivisa muchina wechemichina wenyukireya muzvinhu zvakawanda. Pakazosvika 2024, magweta anopfuura 30 akaguma avharwa, uye vanhu vakanga vava kusava nechokwadi zvikuru chesimba renyukireya. Sangano yaKomeito (11) yakapesvedzerawo KomeP yeboka reS.

Fundo Yenhau 2: Sangano Rokuzivikanwa Kwomubatanidzwa Wevatano Mumwe Chete

Japan inononoka kuparira Hurumende dzinotonga dzamatongerwe enyika dzakawanda dzakapfuma paLGBT+ kodzero. Kunyange zvakadaro chimurenga chakasimba nemapoka akadai se kurongera matare eJapan ose pashoma napashoma. Muna 2015, Tokyo’s Shanda Ward yakava dare rokutanga reJapan kubudisa magwaro echibvumirano echibvumirano chimwe chete. Vatambi vakaendesa nyaya yacho kudare, kukwidza mhosva mumaruwa akawanda. Muna 2024, Dare Rapamusoro reFukuoka rakatonga kuti kurambidza kuroorana kwetevedzerwa kwemitemo, kuchiita basa redare rinomanikidza Dioti iite. Mato amapurisa akagamuchira CDPJ zvino zvino zvino zvinobatanidza muchato wapamutemo, kunyange muChirungu chaichiPiccero chakato chaivimbiswa kutonge “papo paripo paripo.

Fundo Yemhaka 3: Kurwisa Kuenzana Kwevanhu Vane Chirume Nevanhu Vakasiyana - siyana

Mukaha wevatano yepaJapan unoramba uri pakati pezvisakiso zvakafara zvikurusa munyika yakabudirira, asi uswa hwamaroots, hwakapinda. Kutoo sangano, rakatanga muna 2017, kuratidzira vatano yevatano mumabasa nezvikoro. Vatsigiriwo vakakwidziridza nokuda kwokugadziridzwa kwomutemo wokubatwa chibharo, uyo wakanga watsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuda chibvumikiso chamasimba masimba omuviri. Muna 2023, Diet yakapaza rondedzero yakakudziridza rondedzero yokubatwa chibharo uye yakakwidziridza zera rezera rokubvumirana kubva pa 13 kusvikira ku 16, dzvinyiriro kubva kumasangano ekodzero dzavakadzi. Musanganowo wakasimudzira nokuda kwehurumende kuiswa chipfuro che 30% yemitezo yavakadzi padanganwa regore pa2030, zvino kubatanidza “mutooro reZvero reZvo reZvedzoro reZvedzo rePD.

Zvinetso Nezvinotadzisa Kubudirira

Pasinei zvapo nebudiriro dzinozivikanwa, masangano ehurumende eJapan anotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinopfuurira dzinodzora pesvedzero yawo.

Kushorwa Nehurumende uye Kurambidzwa Kwepamutemo

Mutemo weJapan unodzika miganhu pamabasa ezvematongerwe enyika nemasangano asingapinduri mhindu, uchiganhurira mano awo okuita nhimbe kana kuti kutsigira. 2012 Law yeSangano reSangano reSangano reVoruzhinji, yakatsoropodzwa sechishandiso chokumisa kusabvumirana pachinhu, yakashandiswa kuongorora mapoka emhoteredzo. Uyezve, LDP inowanzorayira sangano rimwe chete kuti risashande muzvimiro zvakavhengana kuti ripedze dzvinyiriro, ripfuure mutemo wokufananidzira panzvimbo pechinjo duku.

Kutadza Kunzwisisa Nokusiyanisa Zvinhu

Mapoka mazhinji ehurumende anoshanda pamibatanidzwa yemari yeshangu, achitsamira pamipiro yavashandi vanozvipira. Ikoku kunoganhurira simba ravo rokunzvera, kupinza basa vapamhika, kana kuti kutsigira nhimbe dzenguva refu. Zvemhoteredzo dzezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo zvinokamuraniswawo, namapoka maduku akawanda anonangidzira ngwariro panhau nhete, kuchikuita kuve kwakaoma kuvaka mativi mana anochinjika.

Kusakendenga Kworuzhinji Nokuchinja Kwechizvarwa

Zvizvarwa zviduku zvinogona kupinda paIndaneti pane kunyunyuta mumugwagwa, kunogona kutungamirira kudzika migumisiro pavanoita zvisarudzo zvebato. “voruzhinji vasingadi kutaurirwa” zvinoreva kuti vagari vemo vakawanda vanobvumirana nevavariro dzokushanda asi vasingadi kutora rutivi nokushingaira, vachideredza mutengo wezvamatongerwe enyika wemabato anovafuratira.

Co-optation uye Institution

Kana masangano angobudirira chete, anogona kubatanidzwa mugadziriro iyi. Somuenzaniso, NGOs dzinokumbanira masangano ehurumende dzingakundikana kumanikidza chinjo dzine chiremera nemhaka yokuda kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira.

Mazano Anoshanda: Nguva Yemberi Yemibatanidzwa Yebic muJapan

Ruzivo rutsva rwemagariro avanhu zviri kuchinja nzira inoshanda nayo. Zvikamu zvesocial network, zvikurukuru Twitter and TRIN, zvakagonesa kurongwa kwokukurumidza kwokuramba kwechitsotsi, sezvinoonekwa ne “#WAntTo To At the Park” nhimbe dzakaunza zviuru kuti zvishore mutero mutsva wepamunhanga. Mabumbiro enzanga akafanana neKampira akashandiswa kubhadhara mari yepamutemo nenhimbei dzokuziva. Kumuka kwe “kutenga kwokuziva zvinhu” kwakakurudzirawo vatsigiriki kuti vatsigiriki vadzore makambani edzvinyiriro pamasangano enhau akafanana nemamiriro okunze nemhatsa, vachipesvedzera nenzira isina kunanga kutenderwa sezvo mabhizimisi achigadziridza zvibvumirano zvavo zvokutsigira.

Kupfuurirazve, kuwedzera kwengwavaira dzomusikirwo nenjodzi yemamiriro okunze epasi pose zviri kuparira zvimiro zvitsva zvebatira pamwe. Mitezo inoiswa pakati pemhoteredzo, inorwisana nenyukireya, uye mapoka orugare zvinoparira bviro yenhimbe huru, dzakabatanidzwa zvikuru. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika ari kutanga kungwaririra, neCDPJ namapoka maduku anoita mavambo zvakajeka kumibatanidzwa yenzanga yavagari vemo.

Mugumo: Masangano Emapic semaProrils Edemocratic

Masangano eCovic muJapan akachinja kubva mukuramba kwakagadzirwa kuva kwakasiyana- siyana, kwezvikamu zvakawanda zvinoumba purogiramu yenyika. Vakamanikidzira masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika kukurukura kushatiswa, chengeteko yenyukireya, chiyero chevatano, uye LGBTQ + kodzero dzechiNgezi idzo dzaizoramba dziri mutsika inodzorwa nerwudzorwa nerwumwe. Nepo zvinetso zvezviwanikwa, kuganhurirwa kwapamutemo, uye kubatana kwemitemo yehurumende kunoramba kuripo, simba rinopfuurira rechigamuchigamuchi chigamuchi chinopfuurira kupinza pfungwa itsva mudemocracy. zvinowirirana neshoko ra , utano hweJapan hunotsamira pakuchengeta nzvimbo nokuda kwamanzwiro. Bokaromendero yenguva yemberi haizongori pamitendirowo bedzi asi pamigumisiro inobudirira pamasangano okutonga vanhu.