Ukoshi Hwakarongeka Hweukama Hwehurumende

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanobatira sebhiriji guru pakati pevatarisiri vehurumende nezviuru zvavashandi vakabatana vanoita mabasa anokosha — kubva pakururamisa nokufambisa kuenda kutarisiro youtano nedzidzo. Nzira iyo vatungamiriri ava vanobata nayo ukama nesangano rehurumende vanopesvedzera zvakananga vashandi kuva netsika dzakanaka, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kunaka kwemabasa ayo vagari vemo vanotsamira pazuva riri rose. Kure nokuva basa repfuma yavanhu, kutungamirira mubatanidzwa ibasa guru rinorayira kushandira zvamatongerwe enyika, unyanzvi hwepamutemo, uye kunzwisisa kukuru kwemari yavose.

Vatarisiri vemibatanidzwa vanobudirira havangorevi zvavo kudzivisa kurovanya kana kuti kugadzira zvibvumirano nokukurumidza. Kunobatanidza kuvaka gadziriro inobatira pamwe apo fariro dzavashandi, voruzhinji, uye utano hwehurumende zvinodzikamiswa. Apo vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanobata ukama hwemibatanidzwa zvisina kunaka, miuyo inobatanidza gakava rebvumirano renguva refu, kuderera kwebasa, uye kunyange kudzongonyedzwa mumabasa avose anotambudza. Nenzira inopesana, ukama hwevakwanyina hwakasanorongwa hunogona kutungamirira kukugadziridza chinetso, kukuvadziko yakavandudzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibato, uye mutengo wenguva refu wokuchengetedzwa.

Mitoro Yevakuru Vehurumende Mukutonga kweUnion

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende — vangava magavhuna, vatungamiriri vemasangano, kana kuti vanotungamirira vemasangano ebasa — vane mitoro yakarondedzerwa pakubata nebasa rakarongwa.

Kubatanidza Zvibvumirano Zvokuunganidza

Basa rinooneka zvikurusa uye rapashure nderokutaurirana kwezvibvumirano zvinobatanidza zvibvumirano (CBAS) namasangano. Aya magwaro anobatira zviri pamutemo anodzora mibayiro, mipiro yeinishuwarenzi, mipiro yemidyandigere, mitemo yenguva yomuraudzo, marusando ebasa, uye miitiro yezvichemo. CBA imwe inogona kutapura makumi ezviuru zvavashandi ndokuparira hurumende mabhiriyoni enguva yayo. Vakuru vakuru vakuru vanofanira kupinda mukurukurirano nenzwisiso yakajeka yemari yehurumende, mari, mibayiro, uye mirangariro yezvemari. Vanofanirawo kukarira zvinokosha zvemubatanidzwa wacho — kazhinji kazhinji kacho zvinotarwa negadziriso dzinorarama muna 6469, kuchengeteka, basa, uye dziviriro kwebasa. Shiri yezvipo yemijeka vanoshandisa mashoko kururamisa zvikarakadzo, zvakadai sokuenzanisa kubhadhara mari yapachena chapachena chapamhindi yemari kana kuti ive bhiziro refu.

Kutaurirana kunowanzoitika mukuparadzana. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kubatira pamwe navatungamiriri vemitemo vanodzora zvirongwa uye vangava negadziriro dzavo vamene dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Mudzimwe nyika, hofisi yagavhuna inotarisira zvakananga kuronga, nepo mudzimwe nzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa navashandi vakazvimirira dzinogadza mitemo. Pasinei zvapo nechirongwa, mano omukuru mukuru okubatanidza mativi ose emitemo anogona kunetsa. Chiba chinenge chisingadzoreki zvikuru kuhurumende kwamakore — kuvhara mari isingashandiswi kana kuti kuita mitemo inodzivisa kutangwa kwebasa.

Kupa Mberi Kwokupa Mashoko Nokuronga

Kunyange CBA yakanakisisa haigoni kukarira rwisano iri yose yebasa. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vane mutoro wokugadza miitiro yokunyunyuta yakarurama inobvumira vashandi kudenha chirango, kududzira mashoko ebvumirano, kana kuti migariro isina kukotsekana. Apo zvigumbu zvinowedzera kupfuura chisarudzo chomukati, kazhinji kazhinji vanopfuurira kubatanidza. Vakuru vakuru vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende ipe mhaka dzakasimba, idzo dzinoda zvinyorwa zvakakwana, uye kurovedzwa kwamamanejasi, uye . Zvigumbu zvinoderedza ruvimbiko uye zvinogona kutungamirira kukudhura mitero yedare.

Kuwedzera pakugadzirisa nyaya yacho, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanopa mari yezvibvumirano zvokugadzirisa kusawirirana kwokutanga.

Kuwirirana Nemitemo Yebasa

Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanofanira kushandisa mitemo yemibato mizhinji, kubatanidza National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) nokuda kwemitezo yezvikamu zvomunhu oga, asi mitemo yakakomba zvikuru inodzora mativi ose anowirirana avose. Dzimwe nyika dzinopa maruramiro akafara anowirirana, nepo dzimwe dzinoganhurira mibayiro nebetsero kumitemo yehurumende. Vakuru vakuru vanofanira kuramba varipo pamitemo ine chokuita nenhau, zviremera zvehurumende, uye kushandura miraudzo yapamutemo pamusoro penhau dzakadai somubatanidzwa wakafanira, mubato wezvamatongerwe enyika, uye maruramiro okupfuudza. Noncaliance inogona kuguma nokupa mitero yamabasa kwakaipa, mirayiridzo yemirayiridzo inodzosa mano ehurumende okushanda.

Uyezve, mitemo yehurumende yakadai seFair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) uye Family and Medical Let Act (FMLA) inobatana negadziriro dzeCBA, ichiparira misungo. Boka rapamutemo rehurumende — rinowanzovanzwa muhofisi yegweta — rinogovera nhungamiro, asi mukuru mukuru anofanira kutsigira tsika yokuziva pamutemo musangano racho rose.

Kuchinja Kwemitemo Nekwezvamatongerwe Enyika Kwesangano Revashandi Vavose

Mitemo Yebasa Yakaumbwa Nehurumende

Gadziriro yapamutemo yemibatanidzwa yavashandi vehurumende inosiana zvikuru muUnited States. Muinenge hafu yenyika, kukwikwidzanisa ikodzero yevashandi voruzhinji. Dzimwe nyika dzakaganhurirwa kana kuti hadzina kuronga mitemo, dzichisiya ukama hwevamiririri kukurukurirano dzisina kurongwa kana kuti zviratidzo zvehurumende. Ganhuriro yeDare Rapamusoro, zvakadai se Janus v. AFSCME[[FLT]] [208]), dzakavandudzazve nyika kupfurikidza nokurambidza mitero yemibatanidzwa yemitezo yemitezo yapamutemo yemitezo isati iri 76 muboka ravose, kumanikidza masangano kuti aite mu “pamberi rebasa renyika inodzosesa. Hurumende inofanira kunzwisisa sei [FLT:] [FFFFF]

Mitemo yakajeka inowedzera mumwe mubatanidzwa wezvinooma kunzwisisa. Somuenzaniso, Meyers remaMiliasān Brown Act yeCalifornia inoisa miitiro ine udzame nokuda kwokutsinhana nokusaita chisarudzo, nepo nyika dzakadai seTexas neGeorgia dzichirambidza kutaurirana kwevashandi vakawanda vehurumende. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vane kodzero dzinowirirana zvikuru vanofanira kutarisira kubatana kwakawanda — pane dzimwe nguva kwakawanda — imwe neimwe ine zvibvumirano zvakasiyana uye misi yokuguma. Mumaruwa asina kodzero dzokuita bvumirano, vakuru vakuru vangangopinda mu “masangano ebasa rehurumende nehwerengedzo, izvo zvinoda unyanzvi huzhinji sekurukurirano dzinorongwa.

Masimba Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Nepfungwa Dzavose

Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanoshanda muboka rehove. Chibvumirano chimwe nechimwe chinopa, chigadzikiso chiri chose chezvichemo, kutaura kuri kwose pamusoro pemibatanidzwa kunonzverwa nezvinobudisa nhau, mubatanidzwa wehurumende, mapoka ezviwanwa zvemhindu, uye voruzhinji. Gavhuna vanokwidziridza nokuda kwokusarudzwazve vangatora zvigaro zvakaoma kuti vakwidze varwisi kana kuti vatsigire nzvimbo dzerupo kuti vatsigire kutsigirwa kwamabasa. Vakuru veAgency vanogadzwa nagavhuna ane utsinye vanogona kuzviwana vamene vabatwa pakati pekariro dzemubatanidzwa nemirairo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Murangariro wavose unoitawo rutivi rwakarefurira — kukwidzwa kwavarindiri vetorongo kana kuti vadzidzisi vanogona kuvhotera uye vakuru vakuru vakuru vanomanikidzira kuti vachinjire nzira yebasa.

Vanofanira kutsanangura kurangarira kwechibvumirano mumutauro wakajeka, kururamisa kupedza mari yakawanda kana kuti kubvumira kurongwa kwemibatanidzwa, uye kutarisira ndangariro yavose yemibato yokubatana. Njodzi — yakadai sokurovanya kwevakuru vakuru vanoruramisa kana kuti kurwara kunoitwa navashandi vomunzanga — inoda kurukurirano yapakarepo uye yakajeka kuti vachengete chivimbo chavose.

Matambudziko Anowanzosangana Nawo uye Kukunda Kwaakaita Vatungamiriri Vawo

Kushandisa Mari Nezvibvumirano

Zvichida denho inopfuurira zvikurusa idzvinyiriro pakati pezvinodikanwa zvomushandi nemari yakaganhurirwa. Kuderera kwemari, mari shoma, uye mibayiro yomudyandigere kazhinji kazhinji zvinomanikidzira vakuru vakuru kutsvaka wirirano — mibairo inotonhora, mipiro yemipiro yavashandi inowedzera yeinishuwarenzi youtano, kana kuti kuderedza mwero yemitengo yevashandi. Mibatanidzwa inodzivisa nenzira yomuzvarirwo iyi, uye kusawirirana kunopa muuyo muduku unogona kutungamirira kukurovanya, kurwara, kurwara, kana kuti kubhadhara mari inodhura. Zviremera izvi kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa mukutanga, kurukurirano dzemipishuwarendi pamusoro pezvero dzemari dzinopfuurwa dzakawanda uye kugovera mari dzinopa mari dzinopa: wewero duku mukutsinharo yechengeteko huru yebasa, kana kuti kugadziriswa kwemari inodzorwa nokukodzerwa kwemari mukurovedzwa nokukotseka nokukotseka.

Vakuru vakuru vanobudirira vanoshandisawo “nzira dzinowirirana nedzinowirirana nedzinoitirwa kushandira. Panzvimbo pokupa zvinzvimbo (kuderedza 2% vs. vanopa 0%), vanotsvaka fariro dzinooneka — ukoshi hwemibatanidzwa hunofanotaurwa nokururamisira; vakuru vakuru vanokosha kuchinjika nokudzora. Zvigadzikiso zvokugadzira zvinobuda, zvakadai semateru anobhadharwa, zvinogovera mari yakaiswa panzvimbo yakaderera, kana kuti matare echengeteka anoyera pamwe chete anoparira kugadziridzwa kwemibato.

Kubatana Kwakawanda

Nyika dzinowanzova nemapoka akawanda anowirirana anomirira mabasa akasiyana - siyana — vadzidzisi, vanamukoti, mainjiniya, vashandi vemigwagwa, vashandi vehurumende, uye mamwe. Mubatanidzwa mumwe nomumwe une zvirongwa zvawo, utungamiriri, uye kutenderera kwebvumirano. Kukurukurirana kwemarudzi akawanda emari uye kunogona kutungamirira kudimburana, mumwe achiva nemitemo inogadza muenzaniso wevamwe. Vakuru vakuru vanodzora vanokwanisa kuita izvi nokutanga nheyo dzakajeka uye maketi okuwedzera kwemari inobhadharwa. Vanoshandisawo kukumbira, apo chibvumirano chokuchinja chinoshandiswa mumayuniti akawanda, nokugadziridza mamiriro ezvinhu okushanda akasiyana - siyana.

Zvikamu Zvesekete: Nosamasitiriko Nemashandiro Anokosha

Vashandi vazhinjisa vehurumende vanorambidzwa kurova — ganhuriro yakavakirwa mupfuuridziro yemabasa avose. Zvisinei, masangano anowana dzimwe nzira dzokushandisa nadzo dzvinyiriro: kushanda kuderera kwemibato, runhare dzinorwara, kana kuti kukurudzira vabati vemibatanidzwa nokuda kwemari yakanaka. Vakuru vakuru vanofanira kukarira aya mano ndokugadzirira gadziriro dzakadzikama, dzakadai samaneja anorovedza kuita mabasa apamusoro kana kuti kuita zvibvumirano zvinobatanidza zvibvumirano nezvimwe mativi ose. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vanofanira kuremekedza kodzero yomubatanidzwa yokubetsera nokudzivisa zviito zvinogona kuonwa sechitsiviso. — kusvika kwakadzikama pakuendesa basa kunokosha, kurukurirano inowirirana — inochengeta chengetekatera.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokutarisira Rumwe Rumwe Zvinobudirira

Kurukurirano Inojeka

Kurukurirano yenguva dzose, yokutendeseka iko kunokosha muukama hwemibatanidzwa inoshanda. Vakuru vakuru vanofanira kusangana navatungamiriri vemubatanidzwa kunze kwokutaurirana kwetsika kuti vakurukure nhau dzinoshanda, chinjo dzemiitiro iri kuuya, uye zvinonetsa vashandi. Misangano iyi inovaka chivimbo uye inodzivirira zvinetso zviduku kuti zvisawe. Kutaurirana nezvemari kunorevawo kugoveranwa — kufanodeya mari, kudyira vatyairi, uye kuronga kutungamirira. Kana masangano anonzwisisa kuoma, vangangowana nzvimbo dzechokwadi.

Kukurukura Nemashoko

Sangano revashandi renyika yazvino uno rinotsamira zvikuru pazvinonzi. Vakuru vakuru vanofanira kuva nejeri razvino uno nerenhau pamibayiro, betsero, nguva yakawandisa, kudzoka, kusashanda, uye kuvakwa nebasa. Maturusi okuenzanisira anogona kutevedzera ndyiko refu yegadziriro dzakasiana, zvakadai sokuwedzera kubetsera varipa mari yomudyandigere kana kuti gadziriro dzoutano. Kupa iyi patafura inowirirana kunochinja kurukurirano mumurangariro. Kunobetserawo vakuru vakuru vakuru vanotaura kuti vasawirirana nebvumirano izvo zvisingatsigirwi noufakazi hwemipi.

Kuvaka Ukama Hunonyandura

Kumirira kusvikira kondirakiti yapera kuti ibatane nemvumo inoita kuti pave nerwisano. Vakuru vakuru vanoshandira vasakurira kurukurirano gore rose. Vanopinda misangano yomubatanidzwa, vanotora rutivi mumatare ebasa, uye vanoziva mipiro yesangano kuvandudza basa. Vanoisawo mari mukurovedza vakuru vakuru navashandi paunyanzvi hwemasangano, kubatanidza nzira yokunyora nayo nhau dzokuita uye kuita zvigumbu. Ukama hwakasimba hahurevi kubvuma kurayira kwomubatanidzwa uri wose, asi hunoreva kubata vamiriri vemibatanidzwa savatakuri vengozi panzvimbo pevavengi.

Nguva Yemberi Yevashandi Vehurumende

Chimiro chemibatanidzwa yavose chiri kuchinja. chisarudzo chekubatanidza chakamanikidzira masangano kushanda zvakaoma kuchengeta mitezo, kuchitungamirira kukuronga kwakawanda namabasa emitezo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kukura kwebasa, auto, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvebasa (zvakadai semibatanidzwa yehurumende iri yoga) zvinopa zvinetso zvitsva. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kufungidzira kuti izvi zvichatapura sei vashandi. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro dzebasa dziri kure dzakava nhau huru yemubatanidzwa wemibato — tsvakai vimbiso kuti basa richaramba richipfuurira, nepo vakuru vakuru vanoshushikana pamusoro pezvisaririra pamusoro pezvisaririra, kugadzirwa, uye kushatisa.

Uyezve, kuchinja kwemabasa kunoreva kuti vashandi vaduku vangatarisira zvakasiyana - siyana pabasa kana pane zvinotarisirwa kuti rive nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana - siyana, uye kuti rive rakarurama.Masangano anochinja maererano nezviri kutarisirwa izvi acharamba achishanda; aya asingaoni kuti nhengo dzechechi dzaderera.

Pakupedzisira, basa ravakuru vakuru vehurumende mukutarisira mibatanidzwa yavashandi vehurumende harisati riri rokusabvumirana. Kunoda kudzidza kunopfuurira, vazivi vezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mutoo wokukurumidza wokukurukura chinetso chimwe nechimwe. Kupfurikidza nokutanga kurukurirano dzakarurama, kuwirirana, uye kurukurirano dzinooneka, vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kuvaka ukama hwebasa hunotsigira mabasa akakwirira avashandi voruzhinji nenzanga dzaanoshanda.

Nokuda kwokuravazve paboka ravose rinokwikwidza mutemo, ona [[FLT: 0] NLRB inhungamiro kuhurumende ukama hwevashandi vepanzvimbo yavose. National Conference of State Legistratures inogovera kupetwa kwehurumende kukwiriranisa kodzero[[[FLT:]. Kunzvera [[FLT:]] Janus[[FLT:] uye tapuro dzayo dzinowanika kubva [FLT:] ku [FLT] uye bvumirano yemite yebasa rakanakisisa.[FLT]