Kufambidzana kwamapurisa nevanhu vanochinjanisa kodzero dzevanhu kunobatanidza kubatanidzwa kwakaoma kwemutemo wenyika, muitiro womunzvimbomo, uye pamutemo. Gadziriro inodzora izvi zviitiko yakachinja zvikuru mumakore gumi apfuura, ichitungamirirwa nomutemo wenzvimbo yehurumende, dare rehurumende, uye kudzorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Nepo Bumbiro remitemo reU. rinogadza musengwa wevara rinowirirana pakubatwa nokudzivirirwa pakutsvakwa kusina mufungo, mitemo inotema inoraira kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vapi, vatsvake sei, imba, uye kukurukurirana navanhu vanopesana nehurumende inosiana zvikuru kubva kumasangano rimwe. Iyi nyika yapamutemo inoreva kuti kuchengeteka kwomunhu, chiremera, uye kodzero zvapamutemo mukati mokusangana kwamapurisa zvinogona kutsamira chose chose chose chose panzvimbo yavo. Kunzwisisa iyi mitemo inowirirana nemitemo inokosha nokuda kwavatsigiridzi, vatungamiriri vemitemo, vamiriri vemitemo, vamiriri vemitemo, uye vatsigiriri vemitemo.

Masangano Ebumbiro reMitemo Nendima Yematunhu

Pamberi pokunzvera misiyano yetsika yehurumende, kuri madikanwa kunzwisisa nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo rehurumende dzinodzora kurukurirano dzose dzamapurisa. Gadziriro yeChina inodzivirira kunzverwa kusina mufungo nehosha, kubatanidza chinodikanwa icho chinonzvera chakavakirwa painobvira kana kuti nyumwiro ine mufungo. Inine7th Amendment inoda dziviriro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo. Mumashoko evapureji voga voga voga, matare akazivazve kuti rusaruro rwakavakirwa pamugariro wechiito chevatano, chimiro chinosimbiswa neU.S. Dare gurusa redare mu bhostrocky. County[[FLT:] 2020]. [[FLT:]] [FLT]] Brosslock] zvikurukuru norightigratiox, rinopesvedzera pamusoro pezviito zvedare, uye kunzvera mapurisa pamusoro pezviito.

Pamberi pa Bostock, Department yeRuramisiro pasi peOma Administration yakabudisa nhungamiro yokududzira musoro IX neRhaka reRwiyo Runorwisana navakadzi (VAWA) kudzivirira vanhu vamwe navamwe, vakaumba kudzikamisa mutemo unopa migariro. Kutevedzerwa kwokutungamirira kwakafamba shure kana kuti kudzorerwa kweiyi nhungamiro, kuvamba mutoo wekusava nechokwadi. Pasinei zvapo neidziyo, misengwa yemitemo yetsika yamapatopuredhi yasaramendi inoramba ichingoramba isingachinjiki: Vanofanira kubata vanhu vamwe navamwe nechiremera chakafanana uye havagoni kuvadzodza kana kuvaita vakavakirwa pakuzivikanwa kwavo sevarume. Hurumende inoshanda mukati mouriri hwemitemo yemitemo yemitemo, kazhinji inosimudzira mupimo wedziviriro huru zvikuru kupfuura pasi pebumbiso.

Mabasa Omutemo Wehurumende: Magadziriro

Mitemo iyi inowanzopinda mumapoka anoverengeka, imwe neimwe inotaura nezvechikamu chakasiyana chemapurisa, kubva pabonde rokutanga kusvika kukodzero yokuchengeta.

Kurukurirano Yokuremekedza: Kushandisa uye Kutumidza Zita Rorupo

Nhaka inozivikanwa zvikurusa yemirau yehurumende inobatanidza kuti vakuru vakuru vanotaura sei vanhu vamwe navamwe. Misgenender neafnaming(kudana munhu nezita ravo rekare) zvimiro zvokusaremekedza zvinogona kuderedza chivimbo nokuwedzera kusawirirana mukati mekusangana. Mitengo inoverengeka zvino inoda masangano anodzika mutemo kuti arovedze vakuru vakuru vakuru pakukurukurirana kwokuremekedza, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwamashoko echisazitasingwi chakarurama namazita anowirirana nechizivikanwo chomunhu wevatano.

[[POLT:0] akanga ari piyona munharaunda ino. Gungano Bill 2504 (2014 rakaraira kuti Commission on Transgenter Livemental der Tourship (POST) itange rovedzo pamusoro pechizivikanwo chechinjo nebatira pamwe. [[[FLT:]]]][FLT]]]] Illinois [FLT] yakatevera neTransgener Bill of Rights (HB 39344), iyo inoda zvakajeka vakuru vakuru kududza vanhu nezita ravo ravo ravo rairo neritanho. [[FLT:] [New York:] ] Dreaderstionstionstionstionstions reconvom Relationstionstionstions arceptions. [FFoclactive [Foclat]]][Foclat travosss travolutions travolution]

Tsvaka, Seizere, uye Pat-Down Procedoses

Imwe yenzvimbo dzinokakavadzana zvikurusa dzemufambiro wamapurisa inobatanidza kunzvera vanhu vamwe navamwe, zvikurukuru apo kuva murume kana kuti mukadzi kwomukuru mukuru kunosiana nokuzivikanwa kwomunhu. Kunzvera tambo, kunzvera mutumbu, uye kuderera kwemifungo inoitiswa navakuru vakuru vechirume vasina kuwirirana nechiratidzo chomunhu mumwe nomumwe kunogona kuonekwa sezvinonyadzisa uye zvinokuvadza. Hurumende dzakapindura kupfurikidza nokunzvera mitemo inoparirwa kuzivisa hunhu hwechirume.

Pasi pa California Dare remitemo Bill 132 20), vakuru vakuru vanotarisira mutemo vanorambidzwa kuitisa kunzvera kwapatatu kana kuti maziso omuviri kutsvakwa munhu mutsvakwa nomutungamiriri wemunhurume akasiyana nechiratidzo chemunhurume, kutoti kana mamiriro ezvinhu emunhu aripo. [[FLT:]] Illinois[[[[FLT]]] HB3] nenzira yakafanana anodzivisa kurapa kwoutere mukati mokutsvaka uye anoda kuti kunzvera kuitirwe nomutoo unowirirana nechimiro chomunhu. [FLT] [FLT] , [FFFF]

Dzimba Nenzvimbo Yokuva Muchengetedzo

Kana munhu angosungwa chete ndokuendeswa kunzvimbo inochengeterwa vasungwa, mutemo wehurumende unosarudza kana vachagara maererano nokuzivikanwa kwavo kana kuti kupiwa kwavo vatano pakuberekwa.ichi chisarudzo chine miuyo mikuru nokuda kwechengeteko, sezvo vanhu vanotengesa dzimba munzvimbo dzinopesana nezivikanwo yavo vanogona kuvaratidzira kunetswa namasimba masimba.

SB] SV 132] inogadzazve chiratidzo chakakwirira chemvura, ichida kuti vasungwa vaisungwe vaiswe panzvimbo inotsamira pamunhurume nemunhurume, kutoti njodzi dzinoruramisa kuiswa kweimwe nzvimbo, kunofanira kunyorwa nokudzokororwa nguva dzose. [[FLT:] [FLT]] Massachusetts[[[FLT:]] [FLT]] [5] [5]] na[FLT]

Kurwisana Nemashoko uye Kuunganidzwa Kwemashoko

Mitemo inoverengeka yakagadza mitemo yakafara inorwisana nokupesana inobatanidza zvakajeka kuzivikanwa kwavanhurume kana kuti kusungwa. Iyi mitemo inorambidza kuiswa kwevatano, kunetsa, uye kupesana pachivande kwakavakirwa pazivikanwo yevarume nevakadzi. Kuiswa kwegadziriro idzi kazhinji kunotsamira pamiunganidzwa yemazita nokushuma. Dzimwe nyika zvino dzinoda masangano anodzika mutemo kuti aunganidze mashoko echirume kana kuti kusungwa, kunyange zvazvo uyu muitiro usati wapararira uye wawedzera zvinetso zvechivande zvinofanira kutarisirwa nokungwarira. Ogn[FLD] uye [FL:] [FLT]] vave vari vatungamiriri mukuunganidza mashoko echikwata chamapurisa, kubatanidza vatano nechiratidzo, kuti vasarumbidzikane.

Kuchinja Kwenzvimbo: Kubva Pakudzivirira Kunopa Mikaha Yemitemo

Nyika dzapamutemo nokuda kwavanhu vanofambidzana namapurisa dzinoratidzirwa nemhatsa huru dzepasi. Boka rehurumende, zvikurukuru paWest Coast uye muNorthernern East, rakatanga dziviriro dzomutemo dzakazara. Idzi nyika dzinoraira kurovedzwa, dzinoganhurira kunzvera kwokusawirirana, dzinodzora dzimba dziri muusungwa, uye dzinodzivisa rusaruro. Muidzi zviremera, vanhu vanochinja vanogona kunongedzera kumira mirau yakananga inorondedzera kodzero dzavo nokuisa misengwa pakuchengetwa kwomutemo. Kuvapo kwemitemo yakadaro kunopawo mibato yekodzero dzavagari vemo kuti iudze masangano asingadi maruramiro avagari vemo uye kunoparira kujeka nokuda kwevakuru vakuru vanotsvaka miitiro yakanakisisa.

MuMidWest neSouth, mufananidzo wacho wakavhengana zvikuru. Illinois[ uye colado [ ine mitemo yehurumende yakasimba, asi nyika dziri pedyo dzingava dzisina zvirongwa zvakatsaurwa. [[FLT:]] TIN [[FLT] uye FOLD, nepo dzine mamwe maguta makuru ane mitemo inofambira mberi, dzakava nemitemo yakarangarira kana kuti yapfuura mutemo mukutara kwadzo mumagariro ehurumende. Mukusavapo kwomutemo, [FLT]

Uchapupu Hwokusazvibata Kwemapurisa uye Hunoparirwa Nezvinetso Zvemashandiro Enyika

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi dzapamutemo mune dzimwe nyika, mashoko anobva mukunzvera kwenzanga anozivisa zvinetso zvenguva dzose uye zvakakomba mukufambidzana kwamapurisa navanhu vanochinja vanhu. 202 Transgender Survey yeU.S. yakaitiswa ne Nationalal Center for Transgender Eality, yakawana kuti inenge 40 muzana yavatapi vaikurukura namapurisa mugore rakapfuura yakashuma chimiro chakati chokubatwa zvisina kufanira, kubatanidza kubatwa zvisina kufanira, kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwomuviri, kana kuti kunetswa mune zvevatano. Pakati pavanhu vanotransgender yeruvara, mwero iyi yakanga yakatokwidza zvikuru. Nhamba idzi dzinosimbisa mukahaha pakati pedziviriro dzapamutemo pamabhuku uye zvomene yaiwo yavanhu vakawanda vomunzanga.

Magwaro Asati Anyorwa uye Nhaka Yemitemo Yakakodzera

Mitemo iyi inoita kuti vakuru vakuru vasanyanya kuonekwa nemapurisa ishandise kumira kwemanyorero anenge aita zvokurongeka. Mitemo inongogara ichiita seyave ichishandiswa kuvhura vakadzi vane ruvara, inoramba iri pamabhuku munyika dzakawanda. Mitemo iyi inopa vakuru vakuru chisarudzo chikuru kuti vamise, kubvunza, uye kusunga vanhu vakavakirwa pachitarisiko kana kuti kuonekwa sevanozivikanwa. Shoko rokuti "kufamba uchitarisa" rinorondedzera chiitiko icho vakadzi vanochinja utachiona vanonzi vashandi vevatano vakavakirwa pakutaura kwavo kwoutere, zvichiita kuti vasunge, zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa, uye zvinyorwa zvoutsotsi izvo zvinoparira miganhuro yenduramo yebasa nedzimba. Nepo dzimwe nyika dzakava nemitemo yavo inodzokororwa kana kuti kudzokororwa.

Kunzvera Namasimba Masimba Akakomba

Kunze kwemitemo yakaita ganhuriro dzokunzvera, vanhu vanopinza vasungwa vangadenhwa nevakuru vakuru vevarume nevarume vakasiyana navo. Uku kunzvera kazhinji kazhinji kunosarira mumasimba masimba kana kuti denho dzevatano. Kukwidziridza mhaka kwakaunzwa muChikamu 1983 cheChikamu cheChibvumirano chekodzero dzemunhu oga oga kunoramba kuchidenha miitiro yakadai sokutyora mutemo weChovil Rights Act, asi kubudirira kweizvi kunotsamira zvikuru pakushandiswa kwedare redunhu kwemuenzaniso. Pasi pokuda kwemitengo yehurumende inorayira kuiswa kwechiito uye kutsvakwa pazivikanwa navanhukadzi, mutemo unoramba uri manyuko makuru edziviriro yavanhu muchengetedzo. Kushaikwa kwemitemo yakadaro munyika dzakawanda inopfuudzira vanhu kukuva vasina dziviriro nemitemo yapamutemo.

Basa Rokurovedzwa Kwomutemo Nokurongwa Kwazvo

Mitemo yehurumende inoda rovedzo iri pakati pezvishandiso zvinobetsera zvikurusa nokuda kwokuvandudza mufambiro wamapurisa. Chinovakwa nokunaka kwerovedzo iyoyo, zvisinei, zvinosiyana zvikuru. Mitemo yakadai se California uye [[FLT:]][FLT]] uye Illinoiss[[[[FLT]]] yashandisa kurovedza kwakarongwa kwakarongwa muchikoro mukunzvera nemitezo yenzanga uye nhau. POST Commission, somuenzaniso, inobudisa kosi yenhungamiro ine udzame ye "Trandersbansvans" inofukidza zvinodikanwa zvapamutemo, kurukurirano inoremekedza, nhevedzano, uye migove yezvipo. Iyi irovedzo kufunda nokuda kwemitezo yedzidzo inopfuutsiridza uye inowanika mudzidzo.[FF][5]

Mukupesana, nyika dzakawanda hadzina murairo upi noupi werovedzo yakajeka. Mahofisi ari muidzi nyika angasarudza kubatanidza mubatanidzwa weLGBTQ mukwikwidzano yetsika kana kuti rovedzo yenjodzi, asi udzame noururami hwokufukidza hunosiyana. Mamwe mapoka enyika, zvakadai seKomishoni yeAccreditation for Law Enforcement Activementment Activementation (CALEA), inokurudzira asi haidi kurovedzwa panhau dzeLGBTQ. Mugumisiro wacho inzvimbo inorovedzwa iyo inoratidzira basa rakafara repamutemo: vamwe vakuru vakuru vanogamuchira mirayiridzo yakakwirira muufakazi nemitemo, nepo vamwe vasingagamuchiri rovedzo yose, vachisiya vanovimba pazivo yomunhu oga kana kuti yekare.

Nhungamiro Inoshanda Nokuda Kwavanhu Nevatsigiri Vanopa

Nemhaka yokusawirirana mumutemo wehurumende, zivo yemiitiro yomunzvimbomo inokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kudzivirira maruramiro avo kana kuti mutsigiri nokuda kwokubatwa zvakanaka. Vanhu vanofanira kuzvirovedza vamene nemitemo munyika yavo nemitemo yakananga yedhipatipatimendi ramapurisa romunzvimbomo. Lambda Maragic[ uye ACLU[] ANC] . [I] inochengeta kuziva kodzero dzako dzinogovera mazano anoshanda nokuda kwokusangana namapurisa, kubatanidza kodzero yokuramba kubvumirana nokunzvera, uye maruramiro okukumbira mukuru mukuru webasa kana mutarisiri asingazviremekedzi kana kuti ashanduri.

Apo kuputsa kunoitika, kuisa nyunyuto neboka remitemo renhau dzomukati kana kuti dare rinotarisira risiri rapamutemo inhano yokutanga kukuzvidavirira. Muhurumende dzine mitemo yakasimba inorwisana nerusaruro, vanyunyuti vangasanganawo namasangano ekodzero dzavanhu. Mitengo inobatanidza kukwidza kunyunyuta neBato reRugare rwekodzero dzeChiviko kana kuti kuputsa mutemo kuchiva nechokuita kana kuti muitiro wokusarura. Masangano enzanga anogonawo kubetsera vanhu mukubatanidza nezano remitemo yepamutemo. Kuvapo kwemitemo yehurumende inorambidza kudzorwa kwemitemo yemitemo yehurumende inorambidza kutongwa nehurumende inodzivirira pamutemo uye inogovera kutaura uku kwegadziriro kwegadziriro yegadziriro yetsika.

Nzira Dzomutemo Dzokudzivirira Kufanana

Vatsigiri navanogadzira mitemo vanotsvaka kuvhara mipata yokudzivirira vane mienzaniso mizhinji yemitemo inowanika. Illinois Transgender Persons Bill of Rights inobatira somutevedzeri womutemo wehurumende unonzwika, kufukidza kurukurirano inoremekedza, kunzvera, dzimba mukodzero, uye kupesana. SB 132 inokurukura kuvadziko chaiyo yokunzvera kwechimbichimbidzo nedzimba dzisina kufanira. Rondero yeColorado inosimbisa kurovedzwa uye kubatana kwenzanga. Kugamuchira matanho akadaro munyika pasina dziviriro dzinovapo kungagona kuderedza zvikuru kupesana kwenzvimbo dzinoratidzirwa kwamapurisa zvino zvino zvino dzinoratidzira kubatana navanhu vapfuutsigiri vemo.

Kupfuura mutemo wehurumende, chiito chehurumende chingagona kugadzira mupimo muduku wokurapa vanhu vaibatwa mukodzero yokuchengetwa kwemapurisa. Democratic Prisons Act uye yakakarakadza kugadziridza kuShovheets Relective Act (PREA) inobatanidza gadziriro dzokuremekedza kuva munhurume kana mukadzi. Federal ibvumira migariro yakasungirwa kuEdwa Chirangaridzo Justice Medical Conception Grant (JAG) purogiramu ingagonawo kushandiswa kukumbira kunzvera nenzira yokudzorwa uye mitemo yedzimba, kugovera sundo yemari kuti nyika dzigamuchire mipimo inowirirana. Kusvikira zviito zvakadaro zvichipfuura, zvisinei, mutoro mukuru wokudzivirira vanhu vamwe vanhu mukati memano amapurisa ucharambawo nematare ehurumende omunzvimbomo.

Kupedzisa: Nzira Yokuremekedza Nokuchengeteka

Mutezo wemitemo unodzora mapurisa mukati mobatano navanhu vanochinja rudzi uchiri kutenderera. Nepo chiverengero chinokura chehurumende chakagadza dziviriro dzakazara idzo dzinoda kubatwa kwokuremekedza, ganhuriro yokunzvera kwokusashanda, uye kurovedza kwapamutemo. Mitemo mizhinji haina. Kurongwa kwemitemo yehurumende kunoreva kuti rudzi rwokurapa runogona kukarira kubva pakuchengetwa kwomutemo ruchiri kutsamira zvikuru panzvimbo yainogara kana kuti payakamiswa. Ufakazi hwokubatwa zvisina kufanira kunopfuurira, hunotsigirwa nenzvero yorudzi, kusimbisa kukurumidzira chiito chemitemo. Kupfuurira kudzorwa kwechibvumirano nesangano renzanga, kuziviswa nemifananidzo yapamutemo inowanika, kunogona kuita kuti kufutunurwa kwedziviriro kwedziviriro kusvikira hurumende iri yose igovera dziviriro yokuchengeteko, ruremekedzo, ruremekedzo, uye ruremekedzo mukurukurirano rwamapurisa.