Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba inheyo yakavakirwa panheyo yokutonga kwehurumende yehurumende. Igadziriro yechivako inodzivisa ruoko rupi norupi rwehurumende kuti rusawane chiremera chisingadzoreki. Nokuda kwavagari vamo vanogara muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kunzwisisa iyi nheyo haisi chinhu chedzidzo yemari inorevererwa nehurumende. Apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti simba rinokamurwa sei uye rakadzikama, ivo vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuchengeta hurumende yavo ichizvidavirira, ichidzivirira maruramiro avo vamene, uye vachitora rutivi zvine revo mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Munhambo inowedzera yehuturo yehurumende inodzorwa, uye miraudzo yegaro yedare yamasimba akasiana namasimba isati yatongova yakakomba zvikuru.

Kuparadzana Kwesimba Chii?

Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba idivi remitoro yehurumende kuva mapazi akasiyana: chigaro, mutungamiriri, uye dare. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rinopiwa ruvara rwaro rimene rwamasimba nemitoro, uye rimwe nerimwe rakarongedzerwa kushanda risingamiriri mamwe. Uku kuzvimirira kunoitirwa kudzivisa kuiswa kwamasimba mubazu rimwe nerimwe, uye kwakazoitwa kuti nhau yaratidza ive ine udzvinyiriri. Nheyo yakajekeswa zvikuru nomuzivi weFrance Montesquieu mubasa rake 1748 Mudzimu weMitemo yeMitemo , uye gare gare gare yakaitwa kuti ive muUnited States Constitution uye mamwe mapepa asingaverengeki.

Panzvimbo pezvo, bazi rimwe nerimwe rinofanira kuvimba nemamwe kuita mabasa aro, kuchiparira simba rokutsamirana nokutarisirana.

Mapazi Matatu eHurumende

Kuti vanzwisise zvizere kuparadzana kwemasimba, vagari vemo vanofanira kunzwisisa mabasa akasiyana nemitoro yebazu rimwe nerimwe.

Bazu Romutemo

Bazu remitemo rine mutoro wokuita mitemo. Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu zhinjisa, iri bazi rinotora chimiro cheparamende, musangano, kana kuti gungano renyika. Mitezo yaro inosarudzwa zvakasiana--gona kumiririrwa nefariro dzavanhu. Nharo dzebazu dzemitemo, madract, uye mavhoti pamitemo inokarakadzwa. Rinewo simba rechikwama chemari yehurumende yejeri. Mumiitiro mizhinji, chigaro chinewo simba rokuzivisa hondo, raiferation, uye kusimbisa kugadzwa kwehurumende kwepamusoro.

Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri

Bazu guru rine mutoro wokusimbisa nokushandisa mitemo inopiwa nedare. Rinotungamirirwa zvikuru napurezidhendi, mutungamiriri wehurumende, kana kuti dare. Bazu guru rinoshandisa mitemo, rinodzora kushanda kwezuva nezuva kwehurumende, rinobata ukama hwedzimwe nyika, uye rinoraira mauto ane zvombo. Mutungamiriri anewo simba rokubudisa mitemo yevakuru vakuru, mitemo, uye mirau inoita kuti mitemo ishande. Mune dzimwe nguva, mukuru mukuru webazi angavawo nechiremera chokutonga mutemo unopfuudzwa nedare remitemo.

Bazu Rokutonga

Bazu redare rine mutoro wokududzira mitemo nokuvimbisa kuti inoshandiswa zvakanaka. Rinoumbwa negadziriro yematare, nedare rakakwirira zvikurusa (zvakadai sedare gurusa) richishanda somupikisi wokupedzisira wekakavadzano dzapamutemo. Dare rinoongorora mitemo nezviito zvokutungamirira kuti zvione kana zvichipesana nebumbiro remitemo. Iri simba rokuongorora dare icherekedzo inokosha pamapazu ose ari maviri emitemo neanotungamirira. Vatongi vanopedzawo nharo pakati pavanhu vamwe navamwe, pakati pehurumende, uye pakati pemitezo yakasiana yehurumende.

Kukosha Kwokuparadzana Kwesimba

Kunzwisisa kuparadzana kwemasimba kunopa vagari vemo simba munzira dzakati kuti dzakakomba.

Kudzivisa Kushandiswa Zvisina Kufanira Kwesimba

Chinangwa chikuru chamasimba okuparadzanisa kudzivisa udzvinyiriri. Kupfurikidza nokugovera chiremera, tsika inovimbisa kuti hakuna bazu rimwe rinogona kuisa kuda kwaro pasina gare gare. Somuenzaniso, mubati haagoni kupfuudza mutemo unodzvinyirira pasina mukuru mukuru anokwanisa kuuparadza kana kuti kuuparadza. Iyi dziviriro ine simba inokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi kana kuti boka kubata simba rakakwana.

Anokurudzira Kuzvidavirira

Bazu rimwe nerimwe rinogona kuita kuti vamwe vazvidavirire kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakasiana- siyana. Mutezo wedare unogona kunyora kana kuti kubvisa vakuru vakuru; mukuru mukuru anogona kubvisa mabhiri emitemo; uye mutongi anogona kuzivisa mitemo kana kuti zviito zvavakuru vakuru zvisina murairo. Uku kutarisira kunosimudzira kujeka uye dzvinyiriro bazi rimwe nerimwe kururamisa mabasa aro. Vagari vemo vanobetserwa neiyi nhau nemhaka yokuti vanogona kuona kuti ibazu ripi rine mutoro nokuda kwechisarudzo chakapiwa uye vanogona kushandisa dzvinyiriro nenzira inowirirana kupfurikidza nokuvhota, zvikumbiro, kana kuti denho dzapamutemo.

Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe

Kana simba rikaparadzana, kodzero dzomunhu oga dzinochengeteka zvikuru. Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba kunoshanda sechinodzivirira muchiito chehurumende chinodzvinyirira. Somuenzaniso, kana mubati wehurumende akapfuudza mutemo unoputsa kutaura kwakasununguka, mutongi anogona kuuparadza. Kana zvirevo zvavakuru vakuru zvikanzvera zvisina mufungo, matare anogona kupindira. Uku kudzivirira kunotsamira pachinodikanwa chikuru chokuparadzana kwemasimba.

Kusimudzira Kubatanidzwa Kwomubatanidzwa Wemiviri

Vagari vanonzwisisa kuti simba rinokamurwa sei vane bviro huru yokubatanidzwa nehurumende yavo. Vanoziva kuti ibazu ripi rokuonana pamusoro penhau yakati: idi rechinjo kumitemo, mukuru mukuru wemitemo, uye mutongi nokuda kwokuputsa maruramiro. Iyi zivo inochinja vanhu vasingadzoreki kuva vatori rutivi vanoshingaira. Vagari vemo vakadzidziswa vanogona kukumbira, kupikisa, vhoti, uye kunyange kumhanyira nokuda kwenzvimbo nepfungwa yakajeka yenzira yokuchinja nayo.

Kuongorora uye Dzikamo Zvinoshanda

Zvikamu zvinoshanda zvinobatanidza kuparadzanisa masimba zvinobvumira bazu rimwe nerimwe kuganhurira masimba amamwe, kuchiparira dzikamo isingachinji. Mienzaniso inotevera, inotorwa zvikurukuru mugadziriro yomubatanidzwa weUnited States, inoratidzira kuti iyi nzvero inoshanda sei muudzori chaihwoihwo.

Nzvero Dzomutemo

Dare remitemo rinogona kupfuudza mitemo, asi mukuru mukuru anogona kuisa mitemo iyoyo. MuUnited States, Congress inogona kukurira dare rapurezidhendi nevoruzhinji vari mudzimba mbiri (inenge yakaoma kudzora bhajeti yacho asi ichibvira). Dare rinodzorwawo nerokuisa bhajeti panzvimbo yezvinokosha. Kuwedzerazve, Dare rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwevakuru vakuru uye kubvumira, richipa cheki kunzvera vashandi vomutungamiriri wehurumende nezvisarudzo zvemiitiro yokumwe nyika.

Mukuru Mukuru Anoongorora

Purezidhendi anewo simba rokugadza vatongi vomubatanidzwa, kubatanidza vatongi veDare Rapamusoro, vanosimbiswa neDare.

Nzvero Dzokutonga

Dare redare rine simba renzvero yokutonga: rinogona kuzivisa mitemo inopiwa neDare nezviito zvinotorwa namukuru mukuru kuva zvisiri zvourongwa. Iyi zvichida icherekedzo ine simba zvikurusa nemhaka yokuti inogona kuita kuti basa ramamwe mapazu risashaye simba. Somuenzaniso, mu Marbury v. Madison[FL:1] [1803], Dare repamusorosoro rakasimbisa chiremera charo chokuputsa mitemo inoputsa Bumbiro remitemo. Dare rejaji rinoshandurawo retsa rerevo remitemo, zvinobudirira kugadziridza kwainoita.

Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo yechekedzo nedzikamo yakawanda. Hurumende yeU.S. kumiswa kwa2018-2019 kwakaitika apo Dare rakaramba kutsigira muganhu wemuganhu wapurezidhendi, kuchitungamirira kukuva kwakarebesa. Nenzira yakafanana, chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosoro mu Brown v. Dare reDzidzo [1954] [mitemo yehurumende inotonga, ichiratidza simba renyika renyika kunzvera zvose zviri zviviri nyika nezviito zvehurumende. Izvi zvinoitika zvinosimbisa kuti kuparadzana kwemasimba masimba hakungochinjiki upenyu hwavagari vemo.

Nhoroondo

Zvisinei, pfungwa yokuparadzanisa masimba ehurumende yakabva munhoroondo dzekare dzechiGiriki neRoma, kusanganisira Aristotle naPolybius, vakakurukura nezvehurumende dzakavhengana senzira yokudzivisa nayo udzvinyiriri.

Pesvedzero yeMontesquieu

Mu Mudzimu weMitemo , Montesquieu akarangarira kuti rusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika runoda kuti simba riparadzaniswe pakati pamapazu akasiana. Akacherekedza kuti apo masimba emitemo navakuru vakuru anobatanidzwa mumunhu mumwe cheteyo kana kuti mutumbi, rusununguko runorasika nemhaka yokuti mutongi aigona kuita mitemo inodzvinyirira ndokuimanikidzira nenzira isina donzo. Nenzira yakafanana, kana simba rokutonga rikabatanidzwa nezvipi nezvipi nezvipi, mutongi anova muiti wemitemo kana kuti mudzvinyiriri. Montesquieu pfungwa dzamazano adzorwa zvakananga navatongi veU.S.Bumbiro reMitemostero, uyo akatsvaka nenzira yakajeka kudzivisa kuiswa simba nesimba muhurumende yavakararama muBritain.

Kuwana United States

James Madison, mu [[FL:0] Munyorero N. 47, yakadzivirira zvakakurumbira kuparadzana kwamasimba sekwakakosha kuchengetedza rusununguko. Akanyora kuti, “Kuunganidzwa kwamasimba ose, chirongwa chemitemo, dare, uye jajidhiya, mumaoko mamwe chetewo... kungaziviswa nenzira yakarurama rondedzero imene youdzvinyiriri.” Hurumende yeU.S. inokamura hurumende yehurumende kuva mapazi matatu, rimwe nerimwe rine masimba akasiana, uye inowedzera gadziriro yakaisvonaka yemiedzo nechiyero. Uyu muenzaniso wakagamuchirwa, nemimwe misiyano, namamwe marudzi akawanda.

Kurerwa Nevana Vasiri Vako Munyika Yose

Nhasi, mabumbiro emitemo ehurumende anobatanidza rudzi rwakati rweparadzano yemasimba. Somuenzaniso, mutemo weSicnaker weGermany unosimbisa Bundestag (kuuraya), Federal Government (kuuraya), uye matare akazvimirira. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoparadzanisa masimba pakati peParamende, Purezidhendi neDare reMinisiparati, uye judicary. Zvisinei, mwero wokuparadzana unosiyana; masangano eparamende kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji ane mubatanidzwa wemasimba makuru neanotonga, navakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vanobva kudare remitemo. Kunyange mumasangano akadaro, judiary anoramba ari magaro, achigovera nzve nzvero yechekedzo yakakomba.

Nokuda kwokuravazve pamusoro pamavambo enhau, nzvera [[FLT: 0] kugamuchirwa paparadzano yamasimba ne Consitution Anongedzerwa yeparadzano yamasimba[.

Zvinetso Zvazvino Uno Nokutsoropodza

Kunyange zvazvo kuparadzana kwemasimba kuchiri chinhu chikuru chinonyanya kusarudzwa nevanhu, kunoramba kuchinetsa chaizvo muzana remakore rechi21.

Kunyanyodzora

Munyika dzakawanda, vakuru vakuru vakakudza masimba avo pandyiko yedare remitemo nedare remitemo. Ikoku kunogona kuitika kupfurikidza nokushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwemirairo yavakuru vakuru, masimba ekurumidziro, uye zviito zvisina kubatana. Somuenzaniso, purezidhendi weU.S. vakabudisa mirairo yavakuru vakuru pamusoro pokupinda munyika, murairo wemhoteredzo, uye chengeteko yorudzi izvo zvinodzorwa nedare remitemo. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti ikoku kunosekesa basa rehurumende. Miitiro yakafanana inooneka mudzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru, umo vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoisa simba mudare rehurumende.

Kutonga Kunopesana.

Dare pane dzimwe nguva rinopomerwa mhaka yokudarika basa raro kupfurikidza nokuita zvisarudzo zvemiitiro panzvimbo pokududzira mutemo. Apo dare rinotonga mutemo wakaitwa wedemokrati, kunogona kuonwa sechibvumirano chedare chedare chinobva pabhenji.

Kupererwa Nemitemo

Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba kunogonawo kutungamirira kukuvadziko yokuoma mitezo apo mapazu anodzorwa namativi anopesana. MuUnited States, hurumende yakakamuraniswa kazhinji kazhinji yakaparira kumira kwemari, kunonozeka kwezvibvumikiso, uye kukundikana kupedza nhau dzinotambudza dzakadai sokuchinja kwokutama kana kuti mugariro wokunze. Vamwe vanotaura kuti gadziriro yacho yakagadzirwa kuva inononoka, inokoshesa kuronga pamusoro pokusanoita zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kunyanyovakwa kwemitevedzero kunogona kuderedza chivimbo chavose muhurumende uye kutungamirira vagari vemo kukuda mishonga yehurumende.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kudenga

Apo masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anoparadzaniswa zvikuru, nzvero nedzikamo zvakaitirwa kukurudzira batira pamwe zvinogona kuitwa zvombo. Somuenzaniso, vatarisiri vangadzivisa vatongi vakavakirwa chose chose pasonganiro yebato, kana kuti mukuru mukuru angaramba kumanikidzira mitemo inopfuudzwa nebato rinopikisa. Uku kuderera kwetsika kunotyisidzira dzikamo yakakomba yesimba. Kunzwisisa aya masimba kunobetsera vagari vemo kuziva apo kuparadzana kwemasimba kuri kuoma.

Nokuda kwezvimwe zvinetso zvenguva ino, ona [[FLT: 0] iyi American Bar Association [[[FLT: 1]].

Chikonzero Nei Vagari Vachifanira Kunzwisisa Kuparadzana Kwesimba

Kuziva kuparadzana kwemasimba chinhu ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti vanhu vazive kuti vanhu vaigona kuverenga nokunyora.

Kuziva Kodzero Neganhuriro

Somuenzaniso, kana mushandi wedare akatsvaka zvisiri pamutemo, vagari vemo vanofanira kuziva kuti vatongi vanogona kubvisa uchapupu hwacho uye kuti dare guru ndiro rinoita kuti mapurisa ashande zvakanaka.

Kuzivisa Kunoziva

Vagari vemo pavanonzwisisa kuti purezidhendi anogadza vatongi, kuti Congress inodzora bhajeti, uye kuti matare anodudzira mitemo, vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvokuvhota zvine musoro zvikuru.Vanoda kubhabhatidzwa vanogona kuongorora kwete bedzi paunhu kana kuti papati asiwo pamashandisiro achaitwa masimba ebazi ravo.

Kubvuma Kunoita uye Kuita Zvinhu

Vashandi vanonzwisisa kuparadzana kwemasimba vanogona kuisa nhamburiko dzavo panzvimbo yazvo zvakarurama zvikuru. Vanoda kuchinja mitemo yepfuti here? Vanoda kuvhara mutemo unokuvadza? Vangaudzivisa mudare. Vanoda kukurumidzisa yamuro yengwavaira kana kuti kudzvinyirira mukuru mukuru. Iyi zivo yebasa inodzikamisa tapuro yechiito chehurumende.

Kuzvidzivirira Pakutsigira Kutonga

Nhau inoratidza kuti kuderera kwemipimo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kazhinji kazhinji kunotanga nedenho pakuparadzana kwamasimba. Apo mutungamiriri anoraira kuti matare apedzeredzere mirau yavakuru kana kuti kuti kuti mitemo yedare yerabha inodzorwa nerabha ive nenheyo yehurumende inoderera. Vagari vanoziva zviratidzo izvi zvenyevero vanogona kugadzirira kudzivirira zvivako zvebumbiro remitemo. Kuparadzana kwamasimba hakurevi kuzvidzora; kunoda kungwarira kwenguva dzose.

mhedziso

Kuparadzaniswa kwemasimba kunopfuura nheyo yakaoma yebumbiro remitemo. “Iko kudzivirira kupenyu kwerusununguko. Mugari ari wose ane danda mukuchengetedzwa kwake. Nokunzwisisa mabasa akasiyana ebazu remitemo, rokutungamirira, uye rokutonga, vanhu vanogona kufamba zviri nani hurumende yavo, kuirangarira kuva inozvidavirira, uye kudzivirira maruramiro avo vamene. Munyika umo masangano edemocracy anotarisana netyisidziro dzinokura, zivo yehurumende inova rudzi rwedziviriro. Iva nenguva yokudzidza kuti mapazi ehurumende yako anoshanda sei, rindirai kusashanda zvakanaka, uye kutora rutivi mumuitiro wehurumende yedemocracyicracy.